summary

Training and importance of coal ....................................................................................... 3

Environmental impact than coal cause ............................................................................. 4
Energy Resources in Mozambique ................................................................................... 5
Energy importance in Mozambique ................................................................................. 6
Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 7
Bibliography ..................................................................................................................... 8

Introduction
In this paper we will present the importance of coal and energy in Mozambique, as in
Mozambique were discovered gas fields and coal are among the world's largest.
According to the National Petroleum Institute, Mozambique has more than 2.8 billion
cubic meters of gas reserves, comparable to Iraq's reserves. The way to deal with these
natural resources will characterize the future development of the country. According to
estimates, the income from these natural resources will put an end to dependence on
international cooperation funds for development (about 40 percent of the state budget) in
the next five to ten years. The raw materials discovered in Mozambique are a great
potential. Daily news show on average Mozambicans about new discoveries of natural
gas off the coast of the northernmost province of the country, Cabo Delgado. According
to the president of the National Petroleum Institute Arsenio Mabote, Mozambique has
more than 2.8 billion cubic meters of natural gas reserves. Thus, according to official
data, the country was in 14th place among the richest countries in the world in natural
gas.

Training and importance of coal

Coal is formed by trunks, roots, branches and leaves of giant trees that grew 250 million
years ago in shallow marshes. These plant parts, after they died, were deposited in the
muddy bottom and were covered up. Time and earth pressure that was building up on the
material turned it into a homogeneous mass black - coal deposits. Basically coal is a
mineral composed primarily of carbon and magnesium.
Coal is a non-metallic ore, black or brown, which has great potential fuel. Once burned
releases a high amount of energy.
It is basically comprised of carbon (the higher the pure carbon is coal) and magnesium
being found in the form of bitumen.
This coal is considered a fossil fuel as the deposits of this ore were formed millions of
years ago; when submerged forests have been extended, so that the plant remains that are
rich in carbon, is transformed into a rocky element. This is classified into peat, lignite,
anthracite and coal. This distinction exists because of environmental conditions and the
time of formation.
Fossil fuel is used, especially in the heating steel furnaces, chemical industry (production
of dyes), in the manufacture of explosives, pesticides, plastics, medicines, fertilizers and
electricity production in power plants. Coal had its widespread use well before the
discovery of oil as an energy source. In the eighteenth century came steam engines, which
allowed the replacement of animal power by mechanics.
In the twentieth century the oil took place in the main energy source, surpassing the use
of coal, however, its importance is quite representative in the world. Currently, the total
coal reserves in the world, 56.5% is in Russia; 19.5% in the United States; 9.5%, China;
7.8% in Canada; 5.0% in Europe; 1.3% in Africa; and 0.4% in other countries.
For Mozambique and mining companies in the coal is of great importance because
ozambique has vast reserves of coal, with particular emphasis on those located in Tete
and Niassa provinces. The value considered proven reserves is 6 billion tons. In addition
to the Moatize area, there are several other areas in which research papers or result
evaluation reservation.
Assuming that the Mozambican state will hold 15% of the Moatize Coal Project in
partnership with Brazil's Vale, and given that, of the 6 million tons of currently installed

capacity in coal terminal in Beira port (in the near future, the capacity will increase to
about 20 million tons per year), and the users of this terminal will share the available
capacity of that infrastructure in the proportion of 68% for Vale and 32% for Rio Tinto,
it means that the annual amount exported by Vale will be 4 million tonnes (13.6 million
in the future) and 2 million tonnes for Rio Tinto (6.4 million in the future).
The coal selling price abroad is based on its energy value, and is well known high quality
of the Moatize coal. For the purposes of simplification and by reference to the price of
the normal burning coal and discounting the cost of transport and potential "wasteful
expenditure" to be declared, the liquid plug of mining per metric ton of our coal does not
fall below 100 USD / ton. Swapping it kids, this means that, with the current installed
capacity in the port of Beira, the net turnover of the Valley will be 400 million dollars /
year (1.4 billion in the future) and Rio Tinto will be 200 million dollars / year (640 million
in the future). This means that only for their participation in the Vale Project, the
Mozambican State would raise 60 million dollars (210 million in the future), which would
add 18 million (60 million in the future) by paltry 3% export tax, giving a total of $ 80
million / year (300 million in the future). To this amount would be added the amounts
related to other taxes such as surface tax (depending on the area explored by the
company), and other taxes and fees provided for in current legislation in the country on
the subject.

Environmental impact than coal cause

The largest environmental impacts of coal arise from its mining, which primarily affects
water resources, soil and relief from surrounding areas. The opening of the access shafts
to mining work, done in the ore body, and the use of manual machines and equipment
such as backhoes, tillers and Rafas, cause the emission of sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxide,
carbon monoxide and other pollutants in the atmosphere.
Coal beneficiation generates solid waste, which are also deposited on-site activities,
creating extensive covered areas of liquid material, which are recorded in tailings dams
or directly into waterways. Much of the surrounding watershed water is affected by the
accumulation of polluting materials (pyrite, siltstone and shales). refuse piles are
percolated by rain water, causing the leaching of toxic substances that contaminate

groundwater. The subsequent separation of coking coal from other lower quality fractions
form new deposits, covering many hectares of arable land.
In addition to these impacts of mining, coal burning industries and power plants cause
serious social and environmental impacts, due to the emission of particulate matter and
greenhouse gases, among which stand out the sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (
NOx). Besides harmful to human health, these gases are mainly responsible for the
formation of so-called acid rain, which causes acidification of soil and water and,
consequently, changes in biodiversity, among other negative effects such as corrosion of
metal structures.

Energy Resources in Mozambique

energy resources are resources that directly or indirectly originate or accumulate energy.
Examples of some examples of energy resources Oil
Coal, Natural Gas, Nuclear Power, the Chernobyl nuclear accident, renewable energy
resources, New energy sources, hydroelectric power, geothermal energy, wind energy,
Solar and Biomass Energy.
The opportunities for exploration of natural gas and other energy resources will continue
to appear in Mozambique and the growing interest in energy seems to still "much to give,"
says the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU).
Three of the blocks are located in the Rovuma basin and the rest in new areas such as the
province of Niassa, in the northwest, so far unexplored.

Energy importance in Mozambique

Oil is an indispensable element of modern life. It is from it that produce the fuels that
drive the cars, trucks, trains, boats and planes that exist on Earth. The plants burn oilbased fuels to produce much of the electricity that the world needs and many houses have
oil-fired boilers for domestic heating. Oil is also essential for the manufacture of plastics,
textiles and other products.
Coal is primarily comprised of carbon and has its origin in forests that were buried in
ancient times. Natural gas began to be found in the second half of the nineteenth century
in many oil wells in the United States. It had no use being burned off the wells. It was
thought at that time that only helped oil to rise because of preo that he exercised on.
These are some examples of existing energy resources in Mozambique and its importance,
but yet the energy resources is of great importance to mocambique because her use to
make work several existing engines, eg fuel, among others, in industries operate atraveis
own resources among other examples.
Taking into account the huge discoveries recently announced by the Italian group ENI
and US Anadarko Petroleum in the Rovuma basin (Cabo Delgado), Mozambique is
becoming "an energy producer of global importance."
However, with the production of natural gas in LNG Anadarko project at a distance of
five still, at best, the "era of energy for the country" will take time to arrive.

Conclusion
Coal and energy are very important for Mozambique, is several mining companies like
valley in the exploration of coal that matters to the Brazil starting from the edge of the
port, which in a way coal negative impact on environmental pollution by example in
Moatize-tete miners emit enough gas from the coal. The energy resources are bastente
important not only in Mozambique but also for the whole world to mocambique and must
not dispejemos resources but preserve and use clean and renewable energy.

Bibliography
FREITAS,

Eduardo

De

"Coal.";

Brazil

Availablenin<http://brasilescola.uol.com.br/geografia/carvao-mineral.htm>.

School.
Accessed

on March 23, 2016.

SELEMANE, Thomas. Some challenges in the mining industry in Mozambique.
Maputo: CEDIMA / CIP in 2009.