Public administration basic concepts with political science

flavour

mno ta oh t rue a r la l a & w s c i e n t i fi c l a w

Note acceptability of all law depends on

acceptability by society or we can say that law are
more applicable which has validity& value(moral)
-------- but Rowllot act also there so think
Law and liberty both interrelated --- liberty only
arise or sustain there where is law applicable
with moral value
Equality and justice other factor which has great
consequences
From above things so many que can make so u
improve your ability to think about such thing ..

Concept of state and society - The State is a difficult concept

to define. It has had a chequered evolution. State which, as
pointed out by many scholars, is enmeshed into the political and
cultural institutions of society, caste, class and institutions,
formal as well as informal.
RELATIONSHIP AMONG THE STATE, SOCIETY AND PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION

 Basic concepts of State, society, and public administration,

and their inter-relationships. The interconnections between
society and public administration, particularly between
societal culture and have been discussed. The three most
important conceptualizations of society-administration
relationships by Karl Marx, Max Weber, and Fred Riggs have
also been clearly brought out.
Administration, particularly the emergence of the two
paradigms of
New Public Management and
Governancethe two broad-gauge ideas that have exerted considerable
influence on the scope and contents of Public Administration in
recent times. The other point covered in this Unit has been the
growing trend in recent times to forge a much closer relationship
between State and society in larger public interest and for the
enrichment of democracy.
LIBERAL AND MARXIST PERSPECTIVE
Liberal and Marxist perspectives differ in their view on the nature,
composition and functions of the State. The key difference
concerns the composition of the State. They understand the State
to be penetrated by classes or groups and, therefore,
fundamentally reducible to forces that emanate from society. In
the classical Liberal view or tradition, the power of a State is very
closely related to its wealth, and State strategies often seek to
maximise the latter to gain the former. The classic doctrine
expressing this position was Mercantilism, which enjoyed great
success in the late 17th and 18th centuries, but it could not fulfil
Liberal hopes that the Hidden hand of economic growth would
bring in social well-being and political harmony. Nor could the
Marxian view about class-based capitalist State leading to
withering away of State via Dictatorship of Proletariat and
resultant genuine freedom and democracy be realised anywhere

in the world. Yet, these perspectives (along with relative

autonomy approach, Anti-dependency Marxism and the Neoliberal) help us in understanding the role of State in contemporary
times. Therefore, the debate and the search for a comprehensive
perspective on the State continue, which may be able to
associate the need for a capable State and the desire for perfect
freedom for individuals and communities.
NEO-LIBERAL PERSPECTIVE
The Neo-liberal perspective or New Liberalism, as it is generally
called is currently the reigning deity of social science discourse.
Other perspectives including the fairly popular one of State
welfarism have retreated in the face of consistent and persistent
assault of the Neo-liberals.
Public Choice Theory --It stresses on methodological
individualism,decentralisation, democratic administration and
organizational competitiveness.
CHANGING NATURE OF THE INDIAN STATE
The achievement of the Indian State operating democratically in a
very poor society is almost unprecedented The strength of Indian
State lies in its overall democratic framework, civil liberties, the
federal structure, the independent judiciary, some form of
economic planning, graduated liberalisation, the mixed economy,
and the luxuriant organisational diversity of public, private,
cooperative, voluntary, associational, institutional, and other nongovernmental actors, which have not only stood the test of time,
but also Provide continuity with the past and a sound platform for
future revitalisation. The impact of globalisation on the Indian
State assumes significance in the contemporary context.
Public Interest Litigation--It means litigation filed in a Court of
Law, for the protection of publicinterest
IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

a) Redefining the respective spheres of State and non-state

actors, building mechanisms for better interaction, and
cooperation
b) Framing suitable laws and regulations that provide necessary
stability, confidence, enforcement; and
c) Building a professionalized civil service possessing
necessary competence, skills, public service, participatory,
and a pro-citizen ethic
EMERGING CONCEPTS: NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT, REINVENTING
GOVERNMENT AND BUSINESSPROCESS REENGINEERING
The public administrative organizations have always taken
recourse to administrative
reforms to meet their goals of efficiency and productivity with the
advent of market as
a major player in governance; the administration has gone in for
NPM and BPR type
of managerial reforms to put its house in order.
Problem with this type of reform model is that it is not new
and indigenous. In developing countries where more than
half the population is poor, where institutions are not
equipped to handle change and where social and legal
network is wanting, these NPM and BPR initiatives are not
sustainable.
Despite the embeddedness of these principles in the New Right
agenda and their leanings towards the business-like State, they
supposedly have the potential to work better with changes in
other legal parameters protecting the poor in developing and
transitional countries. However, most governments with unstable
political regimes have failed to undertake the desired changes.
Thus, NPM and BPR have turned out to be more forced and
coerced administrative reforms rather than a home-made and

situation-specific sustainable change model for attending to the

authentic and need based requirements of the developing
countries including their capacity to compete with the developed
world.

Concepts=scope...nature & importance why increase ww2

rapid development require
-positivistic role , welfare state
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ORGANISATION
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MOONEY : form of every human arson

SIMON : planned sys. of co-operat. effort
GULICK : formal struct. Of auth:
GLADDEN : pattern of relationship in an enterprise
PFIFFNER : relationship for orderly divn. Of labour
LD WHITE : arrangement of personnel --->allcn. of
fun. &respns.
C. BARNARD : sys. Of consciously co-ordered
activities
J.M. GAUS : relating of efforts & capacities ---> least
friction, most satisfaction
URWICK : what activities are necessary, arrange,
assign

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PA aspect of admin,imbibe all work which affects

masses delhi power distribution also
-focus on E^6, R&D, C&A by the means of M^4
-evolution 1during spoil& unsuitable situation in
america-but pre-practice in some part Europewilson ,pheldelphia ,minnowbrook notable
-evolution2-npa,npm,nps,GOVERNANCE-gg,mng by
objective, participative inclusive,conducive
-evolution2 development not only arise in
democracy but also other form of govt after
ww2-plz note it
-golmbewsky-locus what =subject matter
Focus-where=impact/value
Sn paradi
.
gm
1 P1

time

P2

P3

P4

P5

P6

192737
195070
195670
1970presen
t
1970presen
t

188726

foc Start
us
why?
locu wilson
s

End
why?
LD

Special

foc
us
locu
s
foc
us
locu
s

willoug
by
GAUS

G& U

efficiency

MB1

Execution with
some effi
Effi+mng idea

MB

Effi+mngidea+v
alue

foc
us

MB

Hahahaparticipation
devolution
,democratize
with all above

MB

Principal
execution

Main
theme
p-pa
dichoto
my
Pri. Of
admin
PA as P
PA as
Mng
PA as PA

PA as
governa
nce

 Pls-note here locus if focused then there will be focus also

but narrow & between these paradigms there are sub
paradigm also present -basically they are response and
challenge
THEORIES-

CT of PA-structural or procedural
a)-SMT (tylor);
b)-general admin theory fayol ,G & U
c)-WebersBy theory
Non-classical=behavioral
a)-HR-mayo
b)-behavoural-simonetc
Modern=value specific
a)-system- riggs and other
b)-contingency
basically all theory contain either some or all subject
matter of org.---SPEB= structure, process, environment
&behaviour
classical more based on structure and process
THEME
a) TPA-structure process principle based--b) NPAPrinciple with mng--c) NPM-mng with HR &value----d) NPS-value with positivism----cliental S delivery
oriented