TITLE

Variation in refrigeration coefficient of performance at various process temperatures

INTRODUCTION
Refrigeration is used widely in various applications from industrial to domestic
situations, mainly for the storage and transport of perishable foodstuff and chemical
substances. It has the prime functions to remove heat from a low temperature
region, and it can also be applied as a heat pump for supplying heat to a region of
high temperature.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the variation in Coefficient of Performance (COP)R of a vapor
compression refrigeration system.

THEORY
A refrigeration cycle works to lower and maintain the temperature of a controlled
space by heat transfer from a low to a high temperature region.

High Temperature Reservoir,

TH
QH

Wnet

QL
Low Temperature Reservoir, TL
Refrigeration duty is another term for the cooling effect of the refrigeration system,
which is the rate of heat being removed from the low temperature region with
specified evaporation and condensation temperatures. The unit for duty
measurements is in Watts (for 1 ton of refrigeration = 3517W).

3.1

The Vapor Compression Cycle

Ideal refrigeration systems follows the theoretical Reversed Carnot Cycle
process. In practical refrigerators, compression and expansion of a gas and
vapor mixture presents practical problems in the compressor and expander.
Therefore, in practical refrigeration, compression usually takes place in the
superheated condition and a throttling process is substituted for the isentropic
expansion.

The cycle :
1 2 Condensation of the high pressure vapour during which heat is
transferred to the high temperature region.
2 3 Adiabatic throttling of the condensed vapour from the condensing to
the evaporating pressure.
3 4 Evaporation of the low pressure liquid during which heat is absorbed
from the low temperature source.
4 1 Isentropic compression of the vapour, from the evaporating to the
condensing pressures.
Energy Transfer Analysis
Compressor
q1-2 = h2 h1 + w
If compressor is adiabatic, q1-2 = 0 and w = h1 h2
Power requirement, P = m (h1 h2 ), where m is the flow rate of working fluid per
unit time.
Condenser
q2-3 = h3 h2 + w
w = 0, therefore q2-3 = h3 h2 and rate of heat rejection Q2-3 = m ( h3 h2 )
Expansion valve
q3-4 = h4 h3 + w
w = 0 at the expansion valve, and the process is adiabatic
Therefore h4 = h3

Evaporator
q4-1 = h1 h4 + w
w = 0, therefore q4-1 = h1 h4 and rate of heat absorbed Q4-1 = m ( h1 h4 )
Coefficient of Performance (COP)
CO Pr ef

q 4 1 h1 h 4

w
h 2 h1

SYMBOLS AND UNITS

Symbo
l

Quantity

Unit

Cp

Specific Heat

F
h
I
m

Force
Specific enthalpy
Current

J kg-1
K-1
N
J kg-1
A

Mass flow rate

kg/s

N
q

Rotational speed
Heat Transfer per unit
Mass

Rev/min
J kg-1

Heat Transfer Rate

T
V
w

Temperature
Potential Difference
Work per unit Mass
Angular velocity

K
Volts
J kg-1
Rad s-1

APPARATUS
TH Series Computer Linked Refrigeration Unit (Edibon).

TH Series Computer Controller

PROCEDURE
a) Condenser-water and evaporator-water

a. Select water as a heat source by opening valves AVS-4 and AVS-5.Then

click START
b. Adjust the water flow rate at the condenser to 5 L/m and 3 L/m at the
evaporator (evaporator load).
c. Then click COMPRESSOR
d. When the system is stabilized, start recording the data by click START
SAVING
e. Set the sampling rate at 120 second per sample.
f. Record the data for six minutes (3 samples @ 360 second). STOP
SAVING
g. Then increase evaporator load to 5 L/m and repeat step (c) to step (f).
b) Condenser-water and evaporator-air
a. Select air as a heat source by opening valves AVS-3 and AVS-5.Then click
START
b. Adjust the water flow rate at the condenser to 5 L/m and adjust the air flow
of the evaporator until 50% of the maximal flow (evaporator load).
c. Then click COMPRESSOR
d. When the system is stabilized, start recording the data by click START
SAVING
e. Set the sampling rate at 120 second per sample.
f. Record the data for six minutes (3 samples @ 360 second). STOP
SAVING
g. Then increase evaporator load to 100% and repeat step (c) to step (f).
c) Condenser-air and evaporator-air
a. Select air as a heat source by opening valves AVS-3 and AVS-6. Then
click START
b. Adjust the air flow of the condenser to maximum flow (100%) and 50% of
the maximal flow at the evaporator (evaporator load).
c. Then click COMPRESSOR
d. When the system is stabilized, start recording the data by click START
SAVING
e. Set the sampling rate at 120 second per sample.
f. Record the data for six minutes (3 samples @ 360 second). STOP
SAVING
g. Then increase evaporator load to 100% and repeat step (c) to step (f).

d) Condenser-air and evaporator-water

a. Select water as a heat source by opening valves AVS-4 and AVS-6.Then
click START

b. Adjust the air flow of the condenser to maximum flow (100%) and adjust
the water flow rate at the evaporator to 3 L/m (evaporator load).
c. Then click COMPRESSOR
d. When the system is stabilized, start recording the data by click START
SAVING
e. Set the sampling rate at 120 second per sample.
f. Record the data for six minutes (3 samples @ 360 second). STOP
SAVING
g. Then increase evaporator load to 5 L/m and repeat step (c) to step (f).

RESULT

Data Summary Table

Experiment A
Working fluid = Cond- water
Evap -water
Condenser cooling load = SC-2 =5
L/m
Evaporator heat
load
SC-3 = 3 L/m

SC-3=5 L/m

Time(s
)
120
240
360
120
240
360

ST-2
(C)
36.56
35.63
40.01
40.97
41.11
41.18

ST3(C)
5.89
6.34
7.33
8.49
7.15
6.86

ST4(C)
8.91
15.15
15.04
12.62
12.60
12.59

SP1(bar)
8.43
8.608
9.56
9.81
9.78
9.78

SP2(bar)
1.81
1.88
2.05
2.12
2.00
1.97

SC1(L/h)
26.58
30.03
29.72
30.18
29.51
29.79

SW1(W)
480.08
476.08
489.04
486.17
486.02
468.95

Experiment B
Working fluid = Cond- Water
Evap- Air
Condenser cooling load = SC-2 = 5
L/m
Evaporator heat
load
Fan power at evap=
50%

Fan power at evap=

100%

Time(s
)

ST-2
(C)

ST3(C)

ST4(C)

SP1(bar)

SP2(bar)

SC1(L/h)

SW1(W)

120
240
360

40.44
41.78
42.24

14.39
15.81
16.05

22.29
22.23
21.85

9.70
10.07
10.17

2.09
2.26
2.27

29.75
31.54
31.61

481.45
490.09
479.00

120
240
360

41.52
42.45
43.04

16.29
17.75
18.58

23.84
24.74
25.15

10.03
10.36
10.57

2.31
2.46
2.56

32.59
34.01
34.55

482.80
490.18
493.87

Experiment C
Working fluid = Cond- Air
Evap- Air
Condenser cooling load =Fan power at

condenser = 100%
Evaporator heat
load
Fan power at evap=
50%

Time(s
)

ST-2
(C)

ST3(C)

ST4(C)

SP1(bar)

SP2(bar)

SC1(L/h)

SW1(W)

120
240
360

42.55
43.62
44.27

16.57
17.31
17.59

23.17
23.06
23.20

9.85
10.21
10.43

2.16
2.34
2.38

30.57
32.45
32.32

476.25
484.65
489.98

120
240
360

43.89
45.48
46.34

16.80
19.20
20.06

24.31
25.46
25.95

10.43
10.98
11.26

2.34
2.63
2.72

32.99
34.87
36.21

482.94
497.76
504.33

ST3(C)

ST4(C)

SP1(bar)

SP2(bar)

SC1(L/h)

SW1(W)

12.08
10.37
9.93

14.43
14.77
14.89

10.89
10.50
10.44

2.34
2.20
2.16

30.90
31.10
30.88

482.03
476.60
472.46

11.47
10.95
10.93

15.91
15.92
16.04

10.69
10.73
10.73

2.33
2.27
2.27

31.09
30.74
30.17

477.57
484.92
483.98

Qevap(
kW)

COP

Fan power at evap=

100%

Experiment D
Working fluid = Cond- Air
Evap- Water
Condenser cooling load = SC-2 = 5
L/m
Evaporator heat
ST-2
load
Time(s) (C)
Fan power at evap=
50%
120
45.49
240
44.81
360
44.71
Fan power at evap=
100%
120
45.37
240
45.53
360
45.58

Result Summary Table

EXP A
Time(s
)

Vref
(m3/s)

V2
mref(Kg/ h3
3
(m /kg) s)
(KJ/Kg

h4
(KJ/Kg

)
120
240
360
120
240
360

EXP B
Time(s
)
120
240
360
120
240
360

EXP C
Time(s
)
120

7.383
E-06
8.342
E-06
8.256
E-06
8.383
E-06
8.197
E-06
8.275
E-06

Vref
(m3/s)
8.264
E-06
8.761
E-06
8.781
E-06
9.053
E-06
9.447
E-06
9.597
E-06

Vref
(m3/s)
8.492

0.0008 0.0086
51
8
98.16
0.0008 0.0097
53
8
99.25
0.0018 0.0045
04
8
104.85
Average COP
0.0008 0.0096
68
6
106.25
0.0008 0.0094
67
5
106.08
0.0008 0.0095
67
4
106.08
Average COP

)
268.17

1.476

3.074

268.52

1.655

3.476

270.25

0.758

1.549
2.699

270.67

1.588

3.266

270.62

1.555

3.199

270.62

1.569

3.346
3.270

V2
mref(Kg/ h3
(m3/kg) s)
(KJ/Kg
)
0.0008 0.0095
66
4
105.63
0.0008 0.0100
71
6
107.69
0.0008 0.0100
72
7
108.21
Average COP
0.0008 0.0104
70
1
107.48
0.0008 0.0108
74
1
109.20
0.0008 0.0109
77
4
110.30
Average COP

h4
(KJ/Kg
)

Qevap(
kW)

270.49

1.572

3.265

271.09

1.644

3.354

271.23

1.642

3.428
3.349

271.03

1.703

3.527

271.51

1.755

3.733

271.81

1.767

3.729
3.663

V2
mref(Kg/ h3
3
(m /kg) s)
(KJ/Kg
)
0.0008 0.0097 106.48

h4
(KJ/Kg
)
270.74

Qevap(
kW)
1.606

COP

COP
3.372

240
360
120
240
360

EXP D
Time(s
)
120
240
360
120
240
360

E-06
9.014
E-06
8.977
E-06
9.1639
E-06
9.6861
E-06
10.0583
E-06

Vref
(m3/s)
8.5833
E-06
8.6389
E-06
8.5778
E-06
8.6361
E-06
8.5389
E-06
8.3806
E-06

68
8
0.0008 0.0103
72
4
108.42
0.0008 0.0102
75
6
109.57
Average COP
0.0008 0.0104
75
7
109.57
0.0008 0.0109
81
9
112.44
0.0008
85
0.01137 113.90
Average COP

V2
mref(Kg/ h3
(m3/kg) s)
(KJ/Kg
)
0.0008 0.0097
80
5
119.97
0.0008 0.0098
74
8
109.93
0.0008 0.0098
75
0
109.62
Average COP
0.0008 0.0098
78
4
110.93
0.0008 0.0097
79
1
111.13
0.0008 0.0095
79
3
111.13
Average COP

SAMPLE CALCULATION
Volume flow rate of refrigerant;

271.29

1.684

3.475

271.61

1.663

3.394
3.414

271.61

1.697

3.514

272.40

1.758

3.532

272.80

1.807

3.583
3.543

h4
(KJ/Kg
)

Qevap(
kW)

272.27

1.485

3.081

271.71

1.598

3.353

271.62

1.637

3.465
3.299

271.98

1.585

3.319

272.04

1.562

3.221

272.04

1.533

3.169
3.236

COP

1 hr
1m
V =SC1 x
x
3600 s 1000 l

26.58 x

1
1
x
3600 1000

6 3 1
= 7.383 x 10 m s

Volumetry of refrigerant
Based on the properties given at temperature and pressure, the volumetry is
interpolated based on the given pressure of SP-1
State 1
Pressure:

800 kPa

Volumetry:

0.0008458 m3/kg

State 2
Pressure:

850 kPa

Volumtery:

0.0008520 m3/kg

Vo lumetry=

(0.00085200.0008458) x ( ( 8.43100 )800 )

+ 0.0008458
850800
=

Mass flow rate;

0.000851 m3/kg


mass flow rate , m=

V
Volumetry

7.383 x 106 m 3 s1
3
1
0.000851 m kg

0.00868 kg s1

Enthaply H3
Based on the properties given at temperature and pressure, the volumetry is
interpolated based on the given pressure of SP-1 (8.49 Bar)
State 1
Pressure:

800 kPa

Enthalpy:

95.47 kJ/kg

State 2
Pressure:

850 kPa

Enthalpy:

98.60 kJ/kg

H 3=

98.6095.47 x ( ( 8.43100 )800 )

+ 95.47
850800

98.16 kJ k g1

Enthaply H4
Based on the properties given at temperature and pressure, the volumetry is
interpolated based on the given pressure of ST-4 (8.91 OC)

H4=

268.31267.29 x ( ( 8.43100 )800 )

+267.29
850800

268.17 kJ k g

Heat absorbed / Evaporated Heat;

Qevap(kW )=m (h 4h 3)

0.00868 kg s1 x ( 268.17 kJ k g198.16 kJ k g1)

1.476 kW

COP;
COP=

Qevap
1.476
=
Work
480.08
(
) (
)
1000
1000

= 3.074

W.MUHAMMAD ZULKHAIRI BIN WAN RAZALI 20117782O5

DISCUSSION
A) What effect on the COPref as the load increased? Why?
As the heat load increases, the evaporator superheat rises. Conversely, as the
heat load decreases, the evaporator superheat falls. The COPref Increase if the
difference of temperatures decrease where temperature in evaporator rise or
temperature in condenser falls.
Because, when the heat load is higher than nominal, the liquid refrigerant in the
evaporator coil starts to boil sooner. That is, when under nominal load the last bit
of evaporation occurs at the coil outlet, but under high load conditions this last bit
of evaporation occurs upstream from the coil outlet. Thats why the values of
COPref not increase nor decrease because load and COP ref are directly
proportional.

B) What is the effect of cooling medium on the average refegeration COP?

Why?
A refrigerant in gas form is generally the cooling medium agent used in modern
refrigerators. It used Chloro-Fluoro-Carbon (CFC), but it was found to be harmful
to the environment. When it compressed, it heats up. It passes through the warm
coils on the outside of the refrigerator and passes its heat into the air in the room
though a process known as thermodynamics. Thermodynamics is when a hot
and cold substance is in close proximity to one another; the cooler substance will
get warmer, and the hot substance will get cooler. As it cools under pressure, the
gas becomes a liquid. The refrigerant has made its way through the coils and
piping in the refrigerator, it warms and eventually makes it back to the evaporator
coils where it is once again compressed and cooled through thermodynamics and

expansion to begin the process all over again.

The cold air created in the condenser area is circulated throughout the
refrigerator to aid in cooling. The fans blow air from the freezer into vents that
allow some of the cold air. The temperature of the air and the design of the
appliance allow the temperature to remain below freezing in the freezer while
remaining in the range in the refrigerator area.

C) What do you understand by term load? Give examples of actual loads in

refrigeration practise in a domestic, in a room, and in a factory.
The amounts of refrigerating load

QL

(kW) that required by refrigerant in the

evaporator to extract the rate of heat. Also have refrigeration effect

qL

(kJ/kg) is

the heat extracted by a unit mass of refrigerant during the evaporating process in the
evaporator.
The rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space is the cooling capacity of a
refrigerated system, is often expressed in term of tons of refrigerations. In this case,
the system can freeze 1 ton of liquid water at 0C into ice at 0 C in 24 hour is said to
be I ton that is equivalent to 211 kJ/min or 200 Btu/min. the cooling load of a typical
200-m residence is in 3-ton (10-kw) range.
In this modern day, this refrigeration has use at many practical applications.
What I understand by term of load is a amount of things or an object itself that we
want to keep it cool and fresh.
For example, in domestic usually the loads are food like fishs, meats, fruits,vegetable
and others that we keep it in our refrigerator at home in a small quantity. But in
factory, the loads not only foods. Sometime they put steel, or project sample or
something that need certain temperature to keep its characteristic and material
microstructure maintained same because it sensitive to the temperature. Usually the
factory use large of refrigeration system because they keep their product in a large
quantity.

W.MUHAMMAD ZULKHAIRI BIN W. RAZALI 2011778205

CONCLUSION
From the experiment that have been carried out, we got the values of evaporator
temperature, condenser exit temperature, flow rate of cooling water and refrigerant.
From that we have calculate the refrigeration duty, Compressor work, Heat rejected

(COPref )
from condenser, Coefficient of Performance

using the formula that have

been given. The complete result we can refer through the table in result and sample
of calculation section above. But we think that there have something that not right or
we can say error because we got the values of enthalpy are same. So it effect to our

(COPref )
that maintained same but according to the theory it must increased as the
load is increased. Other than that there are no problem about our experiment.

MOHD HAFIDZI BIN YUSOF

2011197021
DISCUSSION
A What effect on the COPref as the load increased? Why?
When the load is increased, we can see that the value of COP

ref

also increases.

It is because this reason is not economical to refrigerate to a lower temp to what

it is needed. The value of COP of freezers is approximately half of the value COP
of heat refrigerator. In economic side, it means that it will cost twice as much to
cool the heat products with refrigerated air that is cold enough to cool freezer
product. COP of a refrigerator also decrease with decreasing refrigeration
temperature. Therefore, it is not economical to refrigerate to a lower temperature
than needed. The size of the compressor and the other components of a
refrigeration system are determined on the basis of the anticipated heat load
(refrigeration load), which is the rate of heat flow into the refrigerator.
B What is the effect of cooling medium on the average refrigeration COP?
Why?
The condenser temperature was increased and then decrease. This situation
occurs when the load is increase. It is because the dry bulb temperature
increases. This because condenser is heat rejected, as been known more
load supply then it absorb heat from the evaporator then compress by the
compressor. The important thing is the quantity of the heat supply to the
system from the surrounding. The power input is important because from its
quantity, it can know how much must be paid for and constitutes the main item
of the running cost. In a way or another, if the usage of electricity is high,
certainly it may result to a higher cost and be very costly. Whereas, at lower
electricity power consumption, it will certainly be more economical and lower
down the cost factor.

C What do you understand by term load? Give examples of actual loads in

refrigeration practice in a domestic, in a room, and in a factory.
As we know, refrigeration is the device which transfers of heat from a lowtemperature medium to a high-temperature. Load can be divided into two
types, which are sensible load and latent load. Sensible load results when
heat entering the conditioned space that causes dry bulb temperature to
increase. Latent load occurs when moisture entering the space causes the
humidity to increase.

In a room

Actual load of refrigeration in a room was introduced which are not

experienced by the coil. They are piping sensible heat gain as the cold
pipe passes through warm surroundings and pumping heat gain as the
pump does work on the water. Todays refrigerators use much less energy
as a result of using smaller and higher efficiency motors and compressor,
better insulation materials, larger coil surface areas, and better door seals.

In a factory

Figure 2: The cross section of a refrigerator showing the relative magnitudes of

various effects that constitute the predictable heat load
The use of refrigerators in factory and industrial sectors is said to be costly,
but new improvement had changed the situation. Because of the factors such
as better insulating material that dissipated more heat, higher efficiency yet
smaller compressor and motors, larger coils surface area, and also better

door seals to prevent air from going in and out, refrigerator use less energy
than it was when it is first invented. To ensure that certain amount of load can
be applied in the refrigerator, special compartments are used. The whole shell
of the refrigerator is sealed to avoid from water leakage or moisture migration
into the insulation since moisture degrades and decreased the effectiveness
of insulation. Larger loads are possible to practice and placed in refrigerator
nowadays because of the uses of thinner but more effective insulation that will
minimizes the space occupied by the compressor and the condenser.
MOHD HAFIDZI BIN YUSOF
2011197021
CONCLUSION
In this experiment, we know that COP of the refrigeration system increased
considerably relative to the single stage. As a result, the COP of the refrigerator
would increase, when load increased. The refrigeration duty and compressor work
also increased when load is increased. Heat rejected from condenser, remain
constant when load is applied.

DISCUSSION

** MUHAMMAD MAHADHIR BIN MOHAMED DALI 2011905467

A.What is the effect on the COPref as the load is increase? Why?

As The the Load is increasing the COPrefis also increase. This is because the higher
load mean higher temperature will being transfer in cooling or heating process. The
COPrefwill show the total energy that being transfer between through refrigerant in
cooling or heating process. The load is the amount of heat is remove in cooling
process and some amount of heat that being added in heating process. Thus the
bigger heat different between heating or cooling process will increase the Load
transfer in refrigerant and the COPref Value.
B. What is the effect of cooling medium on Average refrigerant COP? Why?
The cooling medium will receive heat from refrigerant in average refrigerant on
condenser. This is because the refrigerant transfer heat from cooling process in
evaporator and the refrigerant transfer heat collected to cooling medium on
condenser from this experiment we use air flow as our cooling medium thus the heat
receive will blow away in compressor condenser unit thus the blow air is the heated
cooling medium. On the evaporator is the blow of air that being cooled by the
transfer heat through refrigerant. Thus the cooling medium is functioning to lower
the temperature of refrigerant to normal again and this cycle continue by refrigerant
is heated on evaporator.
C. What do you understand by the term load? Give example of actual load in
domestic fridge, room and in factory?
The term of load in refrigeration practice is the total heat being transfer another term
is for the amount of heating (heat loss) or cooling (heat gain) needed to maintain
desired temperatures and humidities in controlled fluid. In fridge for example, to
maintain the temperature inside the fridge, the load is from food stored inside the
fridge and also surface inside the fridge. Another case in a room, the load cooling
process in room by transfer hot air heat in room to air conditioning unit and air
conditioning unit transfer back cool air. In factory the chiller in outside is use to
cooling the factory air, machinery and appliance by absorb hot air heat and been
cooled by chiller to supply cooled air again. The another way can be practice is
transfer the hot air to outside and blow the fresh air from outside to let the cool air
flow on the factory.

CONCLUSION

***MUHAMMAD MAHADHIR BIN MOHAMED DALI 2011905467

Based on the experiment, the main objective is to investigate the variation of

Coefficient of Performance (COPR) of a vapor compression refrigeration system at
different cooling load is achieved. This is achieved by looking at the effect of the
COPref as the load increased. The effect of COP ref that we get from this experiment is
that the higher the value of load, the COP refincreased. Apart from this experiment, we
are able to find out that the higher the value of COP ref, the better the refrigeration
cycle is. Also for this experiment, it is recommended that, while conducting the
experiment we must done it carefully and follows the entire steps to avoid getting
errors and it is highly recommended that the refrigerant flow rate and cooling water
flow rate can be fixed so that we can clearly see the effect of COPref of the
refrigeration cycle.

DISCUSSION

SHAZULRAIN BIN AMRAN

2011974363

a) What is the effect on the COPref as the load is increased? Why?

When the load increase, the value of COPref will also increase. This is due to
the load increase. The maximum of average COP ref is 3.663 where it is get
from the experiment B when the load is 100 %. From the formula using we
can see the increasing of COPref as the value of h1 and load increases.
Formula :

COP=

h1 h4

h2 h 1

b) What is the effect of cooling medium on the average refrigeration COP?

Why?
The cooling medium is effect the average value of the refrigeration COP ref it is
lowering the temperature of the enclosed space or substances.it is also
maintaining the lower temperature. In an absorption system, the thermal
energy input produced the refrigeration effect. After absorbing heat from the
cooling medium during evaporation, the vapor refrigerant is absorbed by an
absorbent medium. This solution is then heated by direct-fired furnace, waste
heat, hot water, or steam. The refrigerant is again vaporized and then
condensed to liquid to begin the refrigeration cycle again.

c) What do you understand by the term load? Give examples of actual

loads in refrigeration practice in a domestic fridge, in a room, and in a
factory.
As we know, refrigeration is the device which transfers of heat from a lowtemperature medium to a high-temperature. Load can be divided into two

types, which are sensible load and latent load. Sensible load results when
heat entering the conditioned space that causes dry bulb temperature to
increase. Latent load occurs when moisture entering the space causes the
humidity to increase.

In a room

Actual load of refrigeration in a room was introduced which are not experienced by
the coil. They are piping sensible heat gain as the cold pipe passes through warm
surroundings and pumping heat gain as the pump does work on the water. Todays
refrigerators use much less energy as a result of using smaller and higher efficiency
motors and compressor, better insulation materials, larger coil surface areas, and
better door seals.

In a factory

The use of refrigerators in factory and industrial sectors is said to be costly, but new
improvement had changed the situation. Because of the factors such as better
insulating material that dissipated more heat, higher efficiency yet smaller
compressor and motors, larger coils surface area, and also better door seals to
prevent air from going in and out, refrigerator use less energy than it was when it is
first invented. To ensure that certain amount of load can be applied in the
refrigerator, special compartments are used. The whole shell of the refrigerator is
sealed to avoid from water leakage or moisture migration into the insulation since
moisture degrades and decreased the effectiveness of insulation. Larger loads are
possible to practice and placed in refrigerator nowadays because of the uses of
thinner but more effective insulation that will minimizes the space occupied by the
compressor and the condenser.

CONCLUSIONS

SHAZULRAIN BIN AMRAN

2011974363

As a conclusion, the value of COPref is proportional to the value of load. It means

that when the load increased, the value of the COP ref also increased.

MUHAMMAD FARID B A.RAHMAN

2011981111

DISCUSSION
From the result, the coefficient of performance is increased as the load is increased at
experiment a and c because the working fluid that is used at the condenser and evaporater is
same which at the experiment a is using water while at the experiment c is using air. For the
experiment b and d, the coefficient of performance is decreased becaused the working fluid
that is used at evaporater and condenser are different and also due to the evaporater heat load.
The effect of cooling medium on the average refrigeration COP is to increased the value of
COP because the cooling medium is conducts heat from one or more heat sources and
transports it to a heat exchanger, where the heat is removed and disposed.
Domestic refrigerators have two types which is a single door fresh food refrigerator or a twodoor refrigerator.
A single door fresh food refrigerator consists of an evaporator placed either across the top or
in one of the upper corners of the cabinet. The condenser is on the back of the cabinet or in
the bottom of the cabinet below the hermetic compressor. During operation, the cold air from
the evaporator flows by natural circulation through the refrigerated space. The shelves inside
the cabinet are constructed so air can circulate freely past the ends and sides, eliminating the
need for a fan. This refrigerator has a manual defrost, which requires that the refrigerator be
turned off periodically (usually overnight) to enable the buildup of frost on the evaporator to
melt. Both the outside and inside finish is usually baked-on enamel. Porcelain enamel is
found on steel cabinet liners. The interior of the unit contains the shelves, lights, thermostats,
and temperature controls
The two-door refrigerator-freezer combination is the most popular type of refrigerator. It is
similar to the fresh food refrigerators in construction and the location of components except it
sometimes has an evaporator for both the freezer compartment and the refrigerator
compartment. Also, if it is a frost-free unit, the evaporators are on the outside of the cabinet.
Because of the two separate compartments and the larger capacity, these types of refrigerators
use forced air to circulate the air through the inside of both compartments. The two-door
refrigerator also has one of the following three types of evaporator defrost systems which is
manual defrost, automatic defrost, or frost-free.
There are two types of automatic defrosting. There are the hot gas system and the electric
heater system. The hot gas system, through the use of solenoid valves, uses the heat in the
vapor from the compressor discharge line and the condenser to defrost the evaporator. The
other system uses electric heaters to melt the ice on the evaporator surface.

A frost-free refrigerator-freezer has the evaporator located outside the refrigerated

compartment. On the running part of the cycle, air is drawn over the evaporator and is forced
into the freezer and refrigerator compartments by a fan. On the off part of the cycle, the
evaporators automatically defrost.
In a room, the specification that needs to know is the chilling or freezing times now worked
out, the size of the room can be determined. To achieve this, the operation of the whole
abattoir may have to be changed and also the flow of carcasses to and from chiller or freezer,
the position of doors and so on.
If it size and position of the room has been rigidly fixed before this stage, the cooling times
determined above will not be met. When loading a chiller the doors are invariably left open
for long periods allowing a fully established air flow to take place to and from the room
either from gravity through a single door or by a through flow of air if more than one door is
open.
Another point to notice is that the load on the room, when used as a store, even when the
outside temperatures are very high, is very small compared to both the peak and average load
and is for the most part due to the evaporator fans running continuously. The load then
increase when the doors are opened and the room is washed out or possibly unloaded. Warm
carcasses are then loaded into the room and the load rapidly reaches the peak product load
that occurs at the end of the loading period. Thereafter, the doors are closed and the load
rapidly declines. At the end of the chilling cycle, the doors are again opened to remove the
carcasses and the infiltration load so caused increase.
In factory, a refrigerator is design to maintain the freezer section at -18C and the refrigerator
section at 3C. Lower freezer temperatures increase energy consumption without improving
the storage life of frozen food significantly. Different temperatures for the storage of specific
foods can be maintained in the refrigerator section by using special-purpose compartment.
The size of compressor and another components of a refrigeration system are determined on
the basis of the anticipated heat load (or refrigeration load), which is heat flow into the
refrigerator. The heat load consists of the predictable part, fan motor; defrost heaters and the
unpredictable part.

MUHAMMAD FARID B A.RAHMAN

2011981111

CONCLUSION
As a conclusion, the coefficient of performance of vapor compression refrigerationis obtained
using the refrigerant enthalpy by assuming there is no heat transfer occurs or called an

adiabatic system. The reducing of the temperature has optimize the value of coefficient of
performance due to its load and the working fluid.

REFERENCES
1. Yunus A. Cengel, Michael A. Boles, Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach 5th
Edition, Mc Graw Hill, 2006.
2. http://home.howstuffworks.com/refrigerator.htm
3. http://www.answers.com/coefficient-of-performance.htm
4. http://books.google.com.my/books?
id=iRlnToZbRxEC&pg=PA305&lpg=PA305&dq=refrigeration+practise+in+factory&
source=bl&ots=0nDnDkoHfL&sig=16hdBEyVWfPMPlsczn4d8pfyfM&hl=en&ei=MB_SumdBYeMkAWvycH_Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3#v=onep
age&q=&f=false