1.

Agriculture is the science or practice of cultivating soil, growing

crops and raising livestock.
2. Bias is a belief that someone or something is better than other things or people which can
result in a group of people being treated unfairly.
3.Bureaucracy is a system of government or business that that is complicated in how it is run or a
group of people who run a government without being elected.
4.A City State is a city, and the area around it, which has its own government.
5.Civilization refers to a society which has become well developed and well organized.
6.Commercial relates to the buying and selling of goods and services.
7.Demography refers to the study of changes in human population over a time period.
8.Dynasty is a family which rules over a country for a long period of time.
9. An empire is a group of countries in a region which are ruled by one individual or governing
group.
10.Epidemic refers to something which is very prevalent or affects a large group of people, often
refers to an illness which spreads rapidly and affects a large number of people.
11.Globalization refers to something which affects the whole world.
12. Indentured Servant is someone who works for another person for a period of time in
exchange for passage to a new country.
13.Interregional is something which involves two or more regions of the world.
14.Kingdom is a country which is ruled by a king or queen.
15.Medieval relates to anything which occurred during the Middle Ages.
16. A merchant is a person who is a buyer and seller of goods.
17. Monotheism is the belief in only one God.
18.A nation is an area of land which has its own government. The word nation can also refer to
the people who live in that area.

19.Neolithic refers to the last period of the Stone Age. People also use that word to relate to
something which is very antiquated.
20.Nobility usually refers to the group of people in a country who are part of the highest social
class.
21. A nomad is a person who moves from place to place rather than having a permanent home.
22.Pandemic is something which takes place over a wide area and affects a very large number of
people.
23.Papacy is the office of the pope or the period of time when a particular pope is in office.
24.Pastoral relates to the countryside rather than to an urban setting.
25.Patriarchal is a society in which the rulers are all men.
26.Periodization refers to dividing history into certain periods.
27.Polytheism is belief in multiple Gods.
28.Prehistoric refers to a time before there were written records.
29.Primary Source is a written document or physical object from the era or event which is being
studied.
30.A revolution is a forcible overthrow of a government.
31.A serf was a slave who worked for a Lord during the Feudal System\
32.A Shaman is a person who will interact with spirits on behalf of the community.
33.A state is a nation or territory which is organized under one government.
34.Steppes are large, flat areas of land with grass and very few trees.
35.
Civilization
36.Pastoralism is agricultural activity which involves raising livestock to provide food, clothing,
and shelter.
37.Agrarian civilizations are communities in which agriculture is the primary means of survival.
38.Complex institutions are structures which govern the behavior of people.
39.Monumental art and architecture is used to commemorate a person or group of people.

40.Nomadic pastoralists are people who depended on animal husbandry which caused them to
move around to find adequate water and grazing.
41.Political bureaucracies
42.Religious hierarchies refers to an order or religious leaders such as in the Roman Catholic
Church in which the Pope in the top ranking leader.
43.Social stratifications refers to the rankings of different social groups in a society.
44.Specialization of labor is the process by which people are divided into different groups to
perform certain jobs to carry out a task. This was an important component of civilized societies.
45.Surplus labor
46.Systems of record keeping refer to the ways in which humans recorded events during history,
47.Urban planning refers to laying out streets and houses and the systems which support a city.