PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

(+) Subj + have + V (Past Participle) + Compl.

Past Participle - REGULAR: V ed
- IRREGULAR: 3rd column (Sb, pg 133)

I have
She has
FORM

visited
bought

the museum.
a new car.

(-) Subj + have not + V (Past Participle) + Compl.

havent

smoked

a single cigarette.

(?) Wh- + Have + Subj + V(Past Participle) + Compl?

Where has John gone?

Have you climbed
SPELLING
RULES

many mountains?

To add -ed
*Irregular verbs
1. To talk about life experiences, when the time is NOT mentioned.
Hes been to Japan many times.
Has she ever eaten sushi?
No, she has never eaten sushi.
2. To talk about past actions which have an effect in the present.
Ive lost my mobile phone. I cant keep in touch with my friends.
The president has arrived in Tokyo. Hes meeting the PM this afternoon.

USE

3. To talk about actions which started in the past and continue in the present.
Japanese products have been popular since 1970s.
(They are still popular today.)
I have had this house for ages. (I still live in it today.)
She hasnt read a novel since the school year began.
(She isnt reading any book now.)
4. To talk about recent past actions.
Ive just finished my homework.

TIME EXPRESSIONS USED WITH THE PRESENT PERFECT

FOR (= duration)
I've been here for two hours
three months
a year,...
SINCE (= point of time)
I've been here since two o'clock
1992
Christmas
I met you
HOW LONG...? : to ask about the duration
How long have you been in London?
EVER / NEVER: to talk about personal experiences
Have you ever seen a whale?
This is the best car I've ever bought.
She's never been a good student.
JUST / ALREADY / YET : to talk about recent past actions
+ I've just received a letter.
The director has already made two films.
? Has the teacher seen your exercises yet?
- No, he hasn't seen them yet.
*STILL (-)
We still haven't received our English exam results.

LATELY / RECENTLY / SO FAR / IN RECENT YEARS

She has called me recently.
Mary hasn't visited us lately.
We have had three different exams so far and will have two more next
week.
This band has become very popular in recent years.

THE (FIRST) TIME, THE ONLY TIME...

This is the second time he has won the pools.

*HAVE BEEN TO / HAVE GONE TO

"Where is George? I think he has gone to France. He has been to
England, to Holland and to Germany. He has travelled a lot recently.

UNIT 3. PRESENT PERFECT OR PAST SIMPLE?

PRESENT PERFECT
1. Experiences in an undetermined time in
the past.
"I have studied French."

USE

PAST SIMPLE
1. Actions in a determined, specific time in the past.
"Last Wednesday, I went to my French
class."

2. Actions that began in the past and continue 2. Actions that began and finished in the past.
in the present.
"I lived there for two years."
"I have lived here for two years."
"We talked for two hours."
"We have talked for two hours."
TODAY
YESTERDAY
FOR / SINCE
AGO
THIS WEEK / MONTH...
TIME
LAST WEEK / MONTH...
HOW LONG...?
EXPRESSIONS
WHEN
EVER / NEVER
ON (Monday) / IN (1992)
ALREADY / JUST / YET
etc.
etc.