Cng ho x

hi ch ngha Vit Nam

c lp - T do - Hnh phc
--------------------

Tiu chun Ngnh

Cu v cng
Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu
22TCN 266 - 2000
*************

C quan bin son:

Tiu ban k thut xy
xy dng cng trnh giao
thng
Ch tr bin son: KS. Phan Xun i
C Quan trnh ban hnh:
V Khoa hc cng ngh - B Giao thng vn
ti
V trng: Ths. Hu Tr
C quan xt duyt v ban hnh:
B Giao thng vn ti
Th trng: KS. Phm Quang Tuyn
Quyt nh ban hnh s
ngy
thng

/2000/Q/2000/Q-GTVT,
nm 2000

Tiu chun ngnh

Nhm H

Cng ho x
hi
ch ngha Vit Nam

Cu v cng
Quy phm thi cng
v nghim thu

22TCN 266 -2000

B Giao thngvn ti

C hiu lc t 09 / 9/ 2000

Ban hnh km theo quyt nh s: 2453 /2000/Q-BGTVT, ngy 24 / 8 /2000. Thay th Quy
trnh thi cng v nghim thu cu cng ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 166/Q nm 1975.
1. Cc quy nh chung
1.1. Cc yu cu ca quy phm ny phi c thi hnh i vi tt c cc t chc t
vn thit k, t vn gim st v cc nh thu khi thi cng v nghim thu cc cu cng xy
dng mi vnh cu hoc ci to (trong bao gm ng ng, mng nc, cu tu bn
cng, cu vt cn, cu dnh cho ngi i b) thuc ng st, ng tu in, ng
t (gm c ng ni b ca cc x nghip v t chc nng nghip, ng ca cc x
nghip cng nghip) trong v ngoi th, nu nh n bn v thi cng khng quy nh
cc yu cu khc. Nhng hng mc thi cng v nghim thu khng c quy nh trong
quy phm ny, phi thc hin theo ng ch dn ca n BVTC.
1.2 Khi thi cng cu v cng, ngoi cc yu cu ca quy phm ny, phi tun th
cc yu cu trong danh mc cc tiu chun nh nc, tiu chun ngnh v cc tiu chun
khc c lin quan, trong bao gm c v an ton k thut, v sinh cng nghip v phng
chy, nu trong ph lc 2.
1.3. Nhng qui nh ca quy phm ny da trn mt s tiu chun, qui phm hin
hnh ca Nh nc. Khi c khc bit gia qui phm ny v tiu chun, qui trnh lin quan
khc v vic thi cng v nghim thu cu cng th phi tun theo quy phm ny.
1.4. Khi xy dng cc cng trnh cu v cng phi thc hin cc gii php thit k,
bo v mi trng sinh thi theo qui nh hin hnh.
Cc gii php k thut c p dng phi ph hp tiu chun v sinh cng nghip
v khng cho php gy bn nc mt v nc ngm, khng c lm ly li khu vc cng
trng, khng c sn sinh ra cc cht c hi cng nh khng cho php a cc cht
thi khc ra ngoi tri gy nhim mi trng.
Nghim cm vic cht ph rng hoc cy ci vng ph cn cng trng xy dng:
khng rc thi hoc vt liu xy dng ln mt t khu vc xy dng lm suy thoi
thm thc vt cng nh vic tho nc ra ngoi sao cho khng lm thay i mc nc
ngm sn c.
Trc khi bn giao tr li mt bng cng trng bc vo khai thc cng trnh,
phi tin hnh tho d cc nh tm ln tri v cc cng trnh ph tr, thu dn sch vt liu
v cc cu kin cn tha, sa sang li mt bng, cng nh phi thu dn thanh thi lng
sng di cu v khi thng cc l thot nc trong cng.
1.5. Vic xy dng cc cu ln v cu va phc tp th nht thit phi do cc nh
thu xy dng cu nng lc m nhn.
1.6. Vic xy dng cu v cng phi thc hin u tin bng phng php cng
nghip do ng dng cc kt cu v chi tit lp ghp.

Vic t chc thi cng phi to iu kin sao cho t nng sut lao ng cao, m
bo c th bn giao cc cng trnh xy dng t tin l nh, cng nh bo m cht
lng thi cng cao v gi thnh r nht.
1.7. Trnh t thi cng v thi gian hon thnh cc cng tc xy dng v lp rp
phi c quy nh bng biu tin . Cc biu tin ny phi th hin c cc
dy chuyn sn xut v s kt hp cc mi thi cng khc nhau.
Cng tc xy dng phi c tin hnh u n trong c nm. Mun vy ti cng
trnh phi to ra cc khi lng d tr, khin cho cng tc trong ma kh v ma ma tin
hnh bnh thng, khng phi tng cng nhn lc v nng cao gi thnh ln nhiu.
1.8. V cn bn, cc b phn ca kt cu lp ghp phi c ch to sn trong
xng my chuyn nghip. Khi no khng th ch to cc kt cu ti xng my
chuyn nghip hoc khi vic chuyn ch cu kin ti cng trnh khng li v mt kinh t
th n v thi cng phi lp bli ch to ring gn vi quy m v s lng, chng loi
thit b do khi lng cng tc quyt nh.
1.9. n v thi cng phi hn ch s lng cng trnh tm trong cng trng ti
mc ti thiu v phi u tin dng cc kt cu tho lp vn nng, cc kt cu c th lun
chuyn c lm cc cng trnh tm .
1.10. Cc cng tc xy dng v lp rp cn c c gii ho ti mc ti a v i
vi cc hng mc cng tc ln phi ng dng phng php c gii ho ton b.
1.11. Cc vt liu xy dng v cc kt cu, c bit i vi loi c khi lng ln,
phi a thng ti cc kho ti cng trng, khng qua chuyn ti. Cc kho ti cng trng
phi c b tr vng hot ng ca cc thit b cn trc v phng tin vn ti phc v
cng trng .
Nu vt liu xydng ch yu ca cng trnh l b-tng, phi lp phng th
nghim vt liu ngay ti cng trng.
1.12. Cc gii php thi cng, trnh t v thi hn thi cng c xc nh trn c s
xt tnh n chu k v mc nc hng nm, cng va p ca sng, xi l lng sng,
s va p ca vt tri, cy tri v.v...
Khi xy dng cu vt qua sng c dng chy mnh hoc c tu thuyn qua li,
phi tun theo cc quy nh v m bo an ton giao thng ng thu ni a, cng nh
m bo hot ng ca tu thuyn nh bt c, to iu kin thun li cho vic di chuyn
n c.
Khi trin khai xy dng cc cng trnh v thit b ph tm thi cng trn mt sng
c p bao, phi m bo n nh tuyt i cho trong khu vc lm cu v phi tun
theo cc quy nh v bo v iu.
1.13. Khi chun b vt liu ti ch (, ct , g xy dng) ti chn cng trnh, phi
kim tra nghim ngt v cht lng v c tnh ca vt liu theo tng l khi lng, phi
xem xt yu cu c th cho tng loi vt liu thch hp.
1.14. Sau khi bn giao cu v cng cho c quan khai thc qun l, nh thu xy
dng phi c trch nhim quan st tnh trng k thut ca cng trnh v kim tra v tr cc

b phn kt cu theo mt bng v mt ct dc trong thi gian bo hnh, c bit l sau

ma nc l.
Nh thu phi quan st k cc cng v kim tra v tr tng t cng sau 2 - 3 thng
lp t xong di t.
Kt qu ca cc cuc kim tra phi c ghi r vo vn bn lu tr theo di.
1.15.Vic cht ti ln cc b phn cu l c hon chnh theo n, ch cho
php sau khi l kim tra v lp bin bn nghim thu cng on . Trnh t ch dn v
cht ti phi c ch cng trnh chp thun.
1.16. Khi b tr cng trng xy dng, iu ng kt cu cng trnh ph tm v
my thit b thi cng, phi m bo an ton vi mc nc l xut hin trong sut thi gian
thi cng; c th chn mc nc cao tng ng vi lu lng tnh ton dng chy c tn
sut 10%.
Nu c c s v iu kin k thut - kinh t thch hp, cho php ly mc nc thi
cng tng ng vi lu lng tnh tan c tn sut 50%.
2. Cng tc o c nh v
2.1. thc hin d n xy dng cu (cng), cn phi lp mng li o c sau:
a) Mng li tam gic c, a gic c hoc ng sn - tam gic (i vi cu
di trn 300m, cu treo dy xin, cu trn ng cong hoc cu c tr cao hn 15m).
b) Chi dn mc (trng hp a hnh phc tp, cc im o ca mng li
khng nhn r nhau c th trn tim ca im o cn phi lp chi dn mc c cao
cn thit).
c) Cc im o dc theo tim cu (i vi cng l im giao ca tim cng v tim
ng)
d) Cc im o dc theo trc tim ph song song vi trc tim chnh ca cu, trong
trng hp xy dng cu vt qua bli sng c di hn 100m, khi xy dng cu trong
cc iu kin phc tp (an xen vi cc kin trc sn c hoc bo tn thin nhin) v
trong trng hp cc im o c th b h hng trong qu trnh thi cng cu.
e) Cc im o tim ng vo cu, trong trng hp phn ng vo cu cng
nm trong khi lng thi cng ca d n cu.
f) Cc im o tim tr trn bli sng ca cu c chiu di hn 100m, cu treo dy
xin, cu trn ng cong hoc cu c tr cao hn 15m.
2.2. Vic lp mng li o c phi c xt thch hp sao cho t cc im o c
th xc nh c tim tr v kim tra v tr kt cu trong qu trnh thi cng.
Nu tim cu ct qua mt khu t cao, nht thit phi lp thm t nht mt im o
ph trong mng li o c nh v tim cu v mt chi dn mc.
Nu tim cu nm trn ng cong, cn bm st theo hng ca dy cung xc
nh im u v im cui cu. Trong trng hp b tr on cu vt sng nm trn
ng thng, cn on cu dn nm trn ng cong, khi on cong chuyn tip ca
cu bm st theo ng tang.
2.3. i vi cc cu c chiu di trn 300m, cc cu treo dy xin, cu trn ng
cong cng nh cu c tr cao hn 15m, cn phi lp bn v thit k mng li o c

(ML) nh v kt cu v kim tra thi cng cu; bn v c lp trong h s thit k t

chc xy dng cu.
i vi cc cu cn li v cng, cng tc o c bao gm vic lp s v tr
im o nh v kt cu v xc nh c ly, cng nh nhng yu cu v chnh xc
tng ng vi my - thit b kim tra trong qu trnh xy lp, phi c xem xt trong
n bn v thi cng (BVTC).
2.4. Trong bn v thit k ML, cn nu thm nhng yu cu phc v thit k
t chc xy dng (TCXD) v thit k BVTC nh sau:
Giai on chun b xy dng: s b tr cc im o v biu tin hnh cng
tc o c .
Giai on thc hin xy dng: cc d kin v chnh xc v phng php thit
lp mng li o c cu, s b tr v xc nh im o trong mng li; dng cc
tiu, cc mc; cc d kin v chnh xc, phng php, my - thit b o v trnh t
trin khai chi tit cng vic o c, s o kim tra v thc hin php o; biu tin
hnh cng tc o c.
Giai on kt thc xy dng, a cng trnh vo khai thc s dng: theo di
quan st s chuyn v v bin dng ca cng trnh, phi c cc d liu v chnh xc,
phng php, my - thit b o v trnh t theo di chuyn v - bin dng ti hin trng;
s mng li o c, cc d kin v chnh xc ca cc php o kt cu, dng cc
tiu cc mc; biu tin hnh cng vic o c.
Trong bn v thit k ML, cng cn ch r my o v cc php o chun.
2.5.Ton b bn v thit k ML do t chc t vn thit k lp phi c chuyn
giao bng vn bn cho bn nh thu tip nhn cng tc o c v nh v kt cu cng
trnh.
Bin bn nghim thu ML phi c s ho mt bng v tr cc tiu cc mc khu
vc lm cu, dng v su chn cc, to cc, k hiu v cao mc trong h thng
to v cao trnh nh nc.
i vi cc cu c chiu di trn 300m, cc cu treo dy xin, cu trn ng
cong, cng nh cu c tr cao hn 15m, trong bin bn nghim thu ML c bn v mt
bng khu vc cng trnh, trong c v tr v cao trnh cc tiu cc mc, km theo nhng
ch dn cn thit thc hin cng tc o c.
2.6. Cng tc o c nh v trong qu trnh t chc xy dng cu v cng, vic
phn nh tim ng nhnh tm thi, vic lp thm (nu cn) mng ng sn cho cu
ngn hn 300m hoc cu vt qua dng chy c b rng nh hn 100m, cng nh mi
cng vic kim tra o c khi tin hnh xy lp, u phi do nh thu thc hin. Nhng
d kin v to cc tiu cc mc trong ML phi do ch cng trnh cung cp.
2.7. Khi tin hnh t chc xy dng cu, cn kim tra cng tc o c theo cc
cng on sau:
a) Trc khi lm cu, tun th cc quy nh ca iu 2.5.
b) Sau khi lm xong phn mng m tr (trc khi bt u xy thn m tr).
c) Sau khi xy m tr cu (sau khi lm xong phn mng m tr)
d) Thc hin cc bn v thit k ML trong qu trnh xy thn m tr
e) Sau khi xy xong m tr v nh tim dm trn mt k gi
f) Sau khi lp t kt cu nhp vo v tr gi .

2.8. Nhng yu cu k thut, khi lng v phng php cng tc o c c ch

dn trong bng 1.

Bng 1
Yu cu k thut

i tng kim tra

1. S lng cc tiu - cc mc trong

mng li o c i vi cu di trn
300m, cu treo dy xin, cu trn ng
cong, cu c tr cao hn 15m, cng nh
cu vt qua dng chy c b rng mt
thong trn 100m, thc hin theo bn v
thit k ML.
2. S lng cc mc v cc tiu trn
mt bng mng li o c dc theo tim
cu c quy nh:
+ i vi cng v cu c chiu di nh
hn 50m n 300m, 1 mc cao c v
khng t hn 2 cc tiu mi bn b.
+ i vi cu di trn 300m, cu treo
dy xin, cu trn ng cong v cu c
tr cao hn 15m: 2 cc mc v khng t
hn 2 cc tiu mi bn b.
3. Sai s qun phng (mm) qui nh:
+ to cc cc theo mt bng mng
o c s, l 6
+ cc mc cao c trn b v trn
mt m tr: mc lu di l 3, mc tm thi
l 5.

Tng cc

Tng cc mc v
cc tiu
nt

Ton b cc tiu
trn mt bng o
Ton b cc mc

Phng php hoc

cch thc kim tra
Dng trc c (tin
hnh o khi nghim
thu ML)

Dng trc c (tin

hnh o khi nghim
thu ML)
nt

Dng trc c (tin

hnh o theo mt
bng phng).
Dng trc c (o
cao trnh theo hnh
hc hoc lng gic,
dng my ton c
in t.

Ghi ch:
1. Trn cc cu di hn 100m, cu treo dy xin, cu trn ng cong v cu c
tr cao hn 15m, cc cc tiu cc mc ca ng sn c bn u bng BTCT, trn mt
cc c gn im tim m bo mng li o chun xc. Trn cc cu khc cn li, cc
cng v ng vo cu cho php s dng cc g c u inh thp lm ng sn c
bn.
2. Khi ng vo cu nm trn ng cong, cn phi xc nh: im u v im
cui ca ng cong, im phn gic v nh ng cong.
3. Mc cao c c b tr cch ng tim cng trnh khng qu 80m, nhng
phi nm ngoi phm vi nn p, thng u, rlnh thot nc,v.v...
4. quan st chuyn v v bin dng ca cc m tr cu (i vi cng trnh c
ghi trong bn v thit k ML), cn phi nh du c nh im o trn mt bn m
thp gi cu thng h lu hoc gn cc s c u hnh chm cu (trng men) ln nh
m tr v tr thun tin t thc o ngm.
7

2.9.Khi xc nh khong cch gia cc mc nh v tim cu v cc tr bng

phng php trc c th mng li a gic cn phi p ng cc yu cu sau y:
1. Tu theo iu kin a hnh
chn dng ca mng li cn c (hnh 1)
nh sau:
i vi cc cu ln dng mng
li a gic c, khi c bli ni gia sng
th dng mng li trung tm.
i vi cu va, dng mng li
ca 2 hoc 4 tam gic.
2. Gc ca hnh tam gic khng
c nh hn 250 v khng ln hn 1300
cn trong a gic c th khng nh hn
200.
3.Mng li chung phi bao gm
t nht l hai im c bn nh v tim
cu, mi bn b c mt im, ngoi ra
cn phi bao gm tt c cc im m t
c th nh im tm cc tr bng
cch giao tuyn thng v c th tin hnh
kim tra trong qu trnh thi cng.
Trong trng hp ny giao nhau
Hnh 1: Cc dng ca mng li
gia hng ngm v tim cu cng gn
900 cng tt, cn chiu di tuyn ngm
(t my o ti tr) khng c ln hn:
1000m khi nh im bng my
kinh v c chnh xc v s c l 1
giy.
300m khi nh im bng my
kinh v c chnh xc v s c l 10
giy.
100m khi nh im bng my
kinh v c chnh xc v s c l 30
giy.
S lng giao im bn sn
khng c t hn hai im
4. Cc im ca mng li tam
gic cn phi c ng bng cc c
nh. Trong hon cnh a hnh phc tp,
nu di t khng nhn r nhau c
Hnh 2: Chi dn mc v cc chi tit ca
th trn tm ca im o cn phi dng
chi
chi dn mc c cao cn thit
(hnh2).

Trc mi ln ngm my phi dn tim ca mc ln ca my ngm. Nu khng

th dn tim ca mc ln ca my ngm th cn xc nh cc yu t quay v tm v i
chnh cho thch hp.
5. Trong trng hp chiu di cu di 200m th trong mng li tam gic cho php
o bng 1 c tuyn, cn nu chiu di ln hn th t nht phi o bng 2 c tuyn. Trong
trng hp sau, cc c tuyn c cm mt bn b thng lu v h lu cu hoc hai
bn b mi bn mt c tuyn. C tuyn phi c cm trn ch t phng c dc nh
hn 1%. Trong trng hp c bit cho php cm mt mng li c tuyn c lp.
2.10. Chiu di ca c tuyn phi o vi chnh xc quy nh bng 2 v chnh
xc gp 2 ln so vi khi o khong cch gia cc mc nh v tim cu. Trong bng 2 cng
ra chnh xc cn thit khi o gc v khp cho php i vi mi tam gic ca mng
li trc c. Ngoi ra trong cng ra cc dng c cn dng o.
Yu cu v chnh xc khi o c tuyn gc
v cc dng c cn thit.

Bng 2

1/10.000

chnh
xc cn
thit khi
o gc
(giy)
20

khp
cho php
trong cc
mng
(giy)
35

- T 100
n 300

1/30.000

10

- Thc o hoc thc cun c khc

ly my ton c 10 vi 3 ln quay
vng .

- T 300
n 1000

1/50.000

- Thc o thp hoc my o quang

in, my ton c 1 vi 3 ln quay
vng.

1,5

- My o quang in, my ton c

1 vi 5 ln quay vng.

Chiu di
ca cu (m)

chnh
xc cn
thit khi
o

- Nh hn
100

- Ln hn 1/80.000
1000

Cc dng c cn dng o v s ln
khi o gc

-Thc thp hoc thc cun. my

ton c 30 vi 2 ln quay vng.

2.11.Vic nh cc tim tr cu trn mt ng thng cn tin hnh bng phng

php giao im vi gc vung t nht l t 2 im ca h thng a gic c v t cc tim
tr trn ng tim cu vi lch cho php ln nht l 15mm. Vic nh v cc b phn
ca tr sau ny cn tin hnh t cc tim ca tr bng cch gin n, u tin l bng phng
php ta vung gc.
Trong qu trnh xy dng cn phi thng xuyn kim tra v tr ca tim tr.

2.12.Trong qu trnh xy dng mng v thn tr cu cn phi t trc nhng mc

cao c ph ngay ti nh tr, mc thp v mc cao nhanh chng xc nh c cc
cao im cn thit cho vic xy dng tr hoc lp rp dm cu .
t cc mc cao c ph phi i cao c 2 ln t nhng mc chun vi sai s cao
c nhiu nht l 15mm.
2.13. Ti cu di trn 200m phi t:
a) Trn thnh ca mi m: mc cao c theo mu l quy nh.Gia cc mc vi
nhau v vi cc mc chun phi i cao c t nht l 3 ln, vi sai s bnh qun 10mm.
b) Trn cc m tr: mc cao c cc ni thun tin cho vic t thc ngm
Trn cc tr sa cha li m trc y l quan st thy c bin dng hoc ti cc tr
lm mi trong iu kin a cht phc tp, phi trong cc hm kn, mi tr 2 ng thu
bnh t vung gc vi nhau. Mi ng thu bnh ny c khc kim tra nh hn 20 giy.
Trc khi bn giao cho s dng, nh thu thi cng phi tin hnh cho xong vic kho st
ln v bin dng bng mc cao c v bng ng thu bnh.
2.14.Khi sa cha cc cu sn c v khi phc cc cu b h hng phi xc nh
trng thi v v tr ng tim dc, ngang ca cc tr b ph hoi v kim tra khong cch
gia cc tim tr, i chiu vi cc s liu thit k .
2.15.Tt c cc s liu o c c u phi ghi vo cc s cng tc hin trng
theo mu quy nh ring, cn mi tnh ton u ghi vo nhng biu mu hoc vit thnh
vn bn r rng .
Tt c cc s cng tc hin trng, cc h s v cc s liu vn phng, trong qu
trnh hon thnh, phi c kim k li, ng gi v a v phng k thut thi cng bo
qun.
3. Cc cng trnh v thit b ph tr
3.1 Cc kt cu cng trnh v thit b ph tr (CTTBPT) thi cng cu phi thc hin
ng cc yu cu ca tiu chun ngnh Qui trnh thit k cc cng trnh v thit b ph tr
thi cng cu v nhng qui nh trong phm vi ny.
3.2 Khi thi gian s dng cc kt cu bng g khng qu 5 nm, cho php khng
cn n cc bin php phng chng mc mt.
3.3 Khng c cht ti trng khc ln CTTBPT m trong thit k BVTC khng qui
nh.
3.4 Nu b tr CTTBPT trn sng c vi phm hnh lang thng thuyn, cn phi lp
t cc bin bo tn hiu v cc kt cu bo v c bit, trnh c s va chm ca tu
thuyn.
3.5 Khi lm tr to nn lp t CTTBPT, cn phi c bin php sao cho phn
nn pha trn mt nc.
Cng vic o t gn xung quanh tr ny cn phi tun theo ch dn ca thit k
TCXD.

10

3.6. Vic lp t cc tr v dm tm, nu khng c cc ch dn c bit ca

thit k, cn c d phng ln do pht sinh bin dng d trong cc trng hp sau:
p cc b mi mt tip gip gia g v g, l 2mm;
p cc b mi mt tip gip gia g v thp l 1mm;
Lp t nn m cht,d phng ln l 10mm;
Lp t c ct hoc t ct, d phng ln l 5mm.
3.7. Vic to bli lp t kt cu nhp trn nn ng vo cu phi tin hnh p t
dn tng lp m cht theo yu cu ca n thit k.
Mt bng p t phi m bo tiu thot nc nhanh.
Trc mi t c m hoc y m v sau mi trn ma ro cn phi o li cao
trnh mt bli v khc phc cc bin dng pht sinh.
3.8. Mt trn ca ng trt ln phi st kht vi mt di ca m bin dm khi lao
y sao cho khng c nhng chi tit b phn no li cm ln.
3.9. Khi lao ko kt cu nhp trn ng trt ln, khng cho php dng nhng con
ln c ng knh khc nhau v c cc khuyt tt nh mo van, cn xc, st m hoc
mn u. Mt ca ng ln khng c g gh, mi hn hoc cc chi tit khc li ln phi
c ty bng.
3.10. Tc lao ko dm trn con ln khng c vt qu 30m/h, cn trn tm
trt, khng qu 15m/h. Tc hnh trnh ca pit-tng kch y dm theo hng ngang
khng c vt qu 5mm/s.
Trc khi tin hnh lao ko dm, tt c cc vt liu thit b dng chng ko u
phi c kim tra k lng v ghi vo bin bn nghim thu.
3.11. Khi thi cng c s dng h ni, phi kho st v thm d trc phm vi hot
ng ca h ni di nc m bo su nc di y h n ln hn 0,2m.
3.12. H ni dng trong thi cng l cc phao thp ni ghp hoc s lan thp.
Trc khi lp t h ni mi phao thp hoc s lan phi c ng kim v c ghi
vo bin bn nghim thu.
3.13. Khi di chuyn h ni bng h ti ko hlm phi b tr sn cc im neo d
phng v chun b sn cc thit b thay th chng buc cp ln thn h ni c d dng.
3.14. cc gc cnh ca h ni phi gn thc o vch sn r rng o
mn nc trong sng. Khi cht ti trn h ni phi thng xuyn kim tra ln lch ca
h i chiu vi tr s thit k.
3.15. Trc khi v trong sut qu trnh s dng h ni lm vic trn mt sng, phi
c y thng tin v d bo thi tit thu vn trong thi gian tin hnh cng vic.
3.16. i ch huy trn h ni phi c trang b b m in t lin lc vi b
phn iu khin h ti ko hlm, tr ni v vi b phn iu hnh trn b.

11

3.17. Khi vn hnh my cu t trn h ni phi m bo tnh n nh vng, cho

php my cu hot ng thi cng khi c gi vi vn tc khng qu 10m/s v khi c sng
n cp 2 (vi chiu cao sng nh hn 25cm).
3.18. i vi my cu kiu cng t hnh v my cu kiu chn d khng c ng
ray dn, phi m bo tr s chnh lch ca chn cu khi di chuyn khng c vt qu
1/500 chiu di cn vi ca cu.
3.19. Ct s dng trong CTTBPT thi cng cu, nu khng c yu cu c bit khc
phi m bo sch, kh, ng knh ht qua mt sng t 1 n 1,2mm. Ct phi c bo
qun tt, khng b ng nc hoc ngm nc.
3.20. Kch dng trong thi cng cn phi m bo lm vic theo hng ng tm,
vic iu chnh ch lm vic ca tng kch hoc nhm kch phi cn c vo ng h o
p lc; dng kch y phi c thit b hlm (d phng); khi kch ta trn mt thp th phi
lt tm m bng g, khi ta trn mt g th lt m thp phn b lc.
Khi kt cu nhp t ln mt kch phi t bn thp m gia phn b lc. trong
mi trng hp khc, phi c lp m gia bng g dn t trn mt kch.
Khi kch chu lc, phi m bo trng tm ca lc ln kch trng hp vi ng
tim hnh trnh ca pit-tng.
3.21. Phi lp cng v tin hnh th ti cc CTTBPT trc khi a vo s dng
thi cng cu.
3.22. Trc khi a cc CTTBPT vo thi cng cu, cn phi t chc kim tra,
nghim thu v lp thnh bin bn. Danh mc cc CTTBPT cn nghim thu, theo ch dn ca
n BVTC.
3.23. Trng thi ca cc CTTBPT phi c kim tra theo di trong qu trnh thi
cng cu. Vic quan st v kim tra CTTBPT phi c thc hin trc khi chu ti v sau
khi vn hnh trn sng nc.
3.24. Cc yu cu k thut, hng mc v phng php kim tra cc CTTBPT trong
qu trnh trin khai thi cng cu, c quy nh theo bng 3.

Bng 3
Yu cu k thut
1. sai lch v v tr so vi n:
i vi kt cu thp, theo mt bng,
khng qu 30mm.
i vi mi loi hnh kt cu, xin theo
hng thng ng khng qu 0,0025.
i vi mng cc, qui nh theo bng 5.
2. sai lch v cao trnh ca kt cu g
v kt cu thp, khng qu 50mm.
3. sai lch v ng bao hnh hc ca
dm v gi , khng qu +20mm v 10mm

i tng kim
tra

Cch thc kim tra

Tng kt cu

o bng thc

nt

nt

nt
nt

nt
nt

nt

o bng my thu bnh.

12

4. song song ca ng ln trt

di khng sai chnh qu 25mm.
5. chnh cao
Theo mt phng ca ng ln ring r,
khng qu 1mm.
Theo hai im ta ln khng qu 2mm

Tng kt cu

o bng thc

nt

o bng my (cch 2m
mt im o)

nt

6. chnh ng knh cc con ln thp

trn mt tr ta, khng qu 0,3mm.
7. lt kh ca phao ng kn khi th,
gim i khng qu 0,1At

Tng con ln

o bng my (cch 1m
mt im o).
o bng thc kp

Tng phao

o bng ng h p lc
th theo qui nh ng
kim

4. Cng tc ct thp v bb-tng

4.1. Khi tin hnh cng tc ct thp v b-tng phi tun theo cc yu cu ca Tiu
chun nh nc Kt cu b-tng v b-tng ct thp ton khi - quy phm thi cng v
nghim thu v cc qui nh ca qui phm ny.
Cng tc ct thp
4.2. Trong trng hp ct thp si cng cao c lm gia nhit, vic th nghim
kim tra tnh nng ca si thp ch tin hnh sau khi l gia nhit xong.
4.3. Khng cho php dng h quang in ct si thp cng cao, dy cp thp
v thanh thp chu lc; khng cho php dng hi hn ct cp thp c bc; cm vic hn
st gn vo ct thp chu lc m khng c bin php bo v ct thp ny khi s tc ng
ca tng nhit v tia la; khng cho php dng ct thp chu lc lm dy dn mch ca my
hn in hoc lm dy tip t cho mt my in.
4.4. Trong trng hp n BVTC quy nh ni buc ct thp sn v li thp
bng tay, th khng c php dng cch hn nh.
4.5. Si thp cng cao, dy thp bn, cp thp v cc loi ct thp khc dng
trong kt cu b-tng phi c chn theo ng chng loi yu cu ca n thit k, phi
c lu gi trong nh kho kh gio v thong gi; phi c bin php chng g cho cc loi
ct thp trong mi trng khng kh m.
Khng cho php di chuyn cc b hoc cun thp mt cch tu tin, gy nn tnh
trng un gy, h hng hoc lm bn ct thp.
Khi vn chuyn ct thp nguyn kin v ct thp l ch to sn thnh sn, phi
chn phng tin thch hp vt liu khng b t, bn hoc dnh, cc loi ho cht c
mui v a xt.
4.6. Tt c vng neo phi c lau chi sch khng cn du m v khng c lm
hng cc rlnh ren, trc khi lng t vng neo vo cc b ct thp; tt c cc li neo cng
phi c lau sch v kh b mt li trc khi ng vo vng neo.

13

4.7. Trc khi lp t ct thp chu lc l lin kt sn a vo vn khun, phi tin

hnh nghim thu v lp bin bn.
Trong qu trnh lp t ct thp, khng cho php hn nh (hoc buc) ct thp chu
lc vi cc loi ct thp phn b, cc ct ai v vi bn thp m gi cng nh vi vn
khun hoc cc chi tit khc.
Phi dng trc tip kh nn thi sch nc v cht bn bm vo khe rlnh vn khun,
trc khi t lng ct thp chu lc vo bn trong vn khun .
i vi ct thp c cng trc trn b, cn lu chng g cho ct thp ny trong
thi gian cha b-tng. i vi ct thp c ko sau trong ng ghen, cn ch phng
nga ct thp ny c th b xt st.
4.8. Mi cng tc lp t trong kt cu lp ghp hay ton khi(khng k nhng iu
b sung trong BVTC) u phi c tin hnh mt cch t m trc khi b-tng; cc kt
qu kim tra v nghim thu phi c ghi vo bin bn i vi cc hng mc cng tc n
du.
4.9. Trnh t cng ko ct thp trong kt cu phi tun theo ch dn ca n thit
k.
Kt qu cng ko tng si hoc b si cng mt lc phi c ghi vo nht k cng
trnh.
4.10.Khi cng ko ct thp trong kt cu b-tng, phi m bo cc yu cu sau:
a)Cng b-tng trong kt cu v v tr mi ni t khng c thp hn tr s
quy nh ca thit k tng ng vi mi cng on, cng b-tng c xc nh bng
phng php khng ph hu mu hoc bng th nghim nn mu; trc khi cng ko ct
thp, phi kim tra kch thc ca kt cu theo thit k v phi m bo khng c vy g, k
h v nhng khuyt tt khc lm nh hng n cht lng ca b-tng;
b) Kt cu nn p phi ta ng v tr theo ch dn ca thit k, cn im ta gi
dm phi m bo chuyn v t do;
c) u neo v kch phi c t ng tm trng vi si thp ko cng v gi
nguyn v tr trong sut qu trnh cng ko;
d) Ct thp cng ko xong phi c ph lp bo v, hoc c b-tng chm
ln, hoc c bao ph bng vt liu ngn cch theo ch dn ca thit k bo v ct thp
khi b g trong sut qu trnh cng ko.
4.11.Khi cng trc ct thp trn b, cn phi:
a) Trc ht chn la ct thp cng chu lc ng u: ko cng c nhm ct thp
hoc cc nhm thp n gi tr 20% ca lc cng kim tra, v gi trng thi ny;
b) Theo di trng thi chu lc v gi nguyn v tr thit k ca ct thp, ca dy
no hoc ca cc thit b gi im un ca ct thp.
c) m bo vic iu chnh li nhng si ct thp c lc cng thp hn lc cng tc
ng ban u, no cht li hoc cng ko li cc b ct thp .
d) Khng c gy ra mt mt ng sut trong ct thp to d ng lc vt qu tr s
quy nh ca thit k (mt mt do chnh lch nhit ca ct thp cng ko v b-tng khi
ninh kt); i vi kt cu theo thit k in hnh, quy nh khng qu 60MPaa (600kg/cm2).
4.12. Kt cu b-tng, khi c ni lc cng trc do ct thp truyn vo, phi m
bo c cng bn khng nh hn tr s quy nh ca thit k. Trong trng hp ny, cn
tun theo nhng yu cu sau:
14

a)Kt cu phi c ta vo v tr theo d nh ca thit k sao cho c chuyn v t

do; khng c cht ti ln kt cu ngoi d nh ca thit k, k c tr s phn lc do ti
trng b tc ng;
b)Vic nn p ln kt cu phi c thc hin mt cch nhp nhng; trnh t nh
tng tao si thp cng cao (CC) phi tun theo ch dn ca thit k;
c)Trc khi ct ct thp bng hi hn, phi lm sch mt ngoi thp cho n mt b
t khng c vt b-tng hoc cht bn khc bm vo ; vng ct ct thp b nung nng (sau
khi ct) cng phi c lm sch. Khng cho php ct ct thp bng in hn; nn ct ct
thp bng ca.
4.13.Mt ngoi cn neo v u cc b thp chu lc cn bc b-tng c chiu dy
khng nh hn chiu dy tng bo h ca kt cu ch th.
4.14.Vic cng ko thanh thp CC bng phng php nhit in phi c tin
hnh theo yu cu cu thit k, ph thuc biu cng ngh l vch ra trong BVTC.
4.15.Vic kim tra cht lng mi ni ct thp khng chu lc phi c thc hin
ph thuc chng loi thp v l c ch dn trong n kt cu cng trnh.
Phng php kim tra (ph hu hay khng ph hu mu) l c quy nh trong
thit k.
Theo phng php khng ph hu mu, phi kim tra 100% cc mi ni hn cho
chng loi thp u tin, 50% cho chng loi th hai v 15% cho chng loi th ba.
Theo phng php ph hu mu, vic kim tra theo thit k quy nh vi s mu th
ph thuc chng loi mi ni cn kim tra.
4.16. Nghim thu cng tc ct thp, gim st cht lng, khi lng v phng
php kim tra ct thp, thc hin theo quy nh trong bng 4.

Bng 4
Yu cu k thut

i tng kim tra

1. Thi gian bo qun si thp CC,

ct thp v cp thp ni che ph kn
hoc trong nh kho-khng qu 1 nm.
m khng kh- khng c qu 75%.
2. sai lch cho php so vi thit k,
tnh theo mm:
Kch thc bao ngoi ca sn ct
thp lin kt v li ct thp:
i vi ct , dm, bn v vm, 10
i vi mng, 20
Khong cch gia cc thanh ct thp
ring r hoc cc hng ct thp vi nhau
theo chiu cao:
i vi kt cu c chiu dy trn 1m
v kt cu mng, 20
i vi dm, vm, bn, c chiu dy
(theo mm)

100% ct thp CC

Phng php hoc

cch thc kim tra
Dng my o m

Tng sn

o bng thc

nt

nt

nt

nt

Tng sn

o bng thc

15

nt
Trn 300l 10.
nt
T 100 n 300, 5
nt
n 100, 3
Khong cch gia cc ct ai ca dm
nt
v ct, gia cc lin kt ca sn ct thp,
l 10.
Khong cch gia cc ct thp phn
nt
b trong mi hng, 25.
V tr cc ct ai so vi trc kt cu
nt
(hng ng, hng ngang hoc xin), l
15.
3.Sai s cho php khi ch to, lp t Tng thanh ct thp
v cng ko ct thp so vi tr s thit k:
Chuyn v dc tng h u mt
thanh ct thp, l 0,5mm cho mi 10m di
ca b thanh.
Cng ko t u neo cc si thp Lm 6 mu kim tra
CC-khng thp hn tr s ni lc ko trc khi thi cng.
ca si.
Lp li vic kim tra
ny khi l dng n
10.000 neo, trong
trng hp thay i
khun c v sa
cha thit b cp gi
neo
nt
Kch thc u neo, 0,2mm
4.Sai s (theo mm) khi kim tra chiu
di ca hai u thanh chu ko:
Theo nhm thanh, l 10.
Theo th t, l 30.
5.Sai s (theomm) v khong cch
gia cc thp hoc thanh thp vi cc chi
tit khc ca ct thp chu lc:
Khi c li tnh theo thit k nh hn
60mm, l 5.
Khi c li tnh theo thit k ln hn
60mm, l 10.
6.Sai s (theo mm) v v tr thit k
ca neo trong b-tng khi cng ko ct
thp v cp thp trn b:
mt u gn u dm, l 40
mt gia, gn u dm l 60.
cc mt khc, i vi cc neo cn
li, 200 (khi khong cch tnh nh nht
gia cc neo l 100mm).
7.Sai s cho php khi kim tra chiu

Tng thanh ct thp

nt
Tng b phn kt
cu
nt

nt
nt
nt
nt
nt
nt
o kim tra theo
mu

Lm th nghim ko
t o kim

o bng thc cp
com pa
o bng thc trn
b cng hoc trn gi

o bng thc trn

b cng hoc trn gi

nt
nt

Tng ct thp

nt

nt
nt

o bng thc
nt

Tng kt cu neo

o bng thc
16

di L ca thanh ct thp (khong cch

gia mt trt trong ca neo v u neo)
l 0,001, trong phm vi + 50; -40mm.
8. knh ca mt ta (b cng trong Mi thng kim tra
phm vi t kch v neo, khng qu 1: mt ln, khi ko trn
100
b v khi ko sau
trn khi b-tng
mi nt lin kt
9. chnh xc ca im t kch khi Tng im t kch
cng ko nhm ct thp tng ng vi lc
tc dng ng u l 10mm
10.Cng trc cp thp xon hoc bn
i, ko vt 10% tr s ni lc kim tra,
duy tr trong khong 5 pht.
11.Dung sai cho php (tnh theo %) v
cc tr s cng ko ct thp bng kch(so
vi ni lc kim tra):
Ring r i vi ct thp cp thp,
thanh hoc si thp khi ko

Tt c cp thp

Tng ct thp

Theo trnh t l 5

20% ct thp trong

nhm

Theo nhm l 10

Tng nhm
Tng ct thp

Chung tt c i vi ct thp, cp
thp, thanh v si trong mt nhm, l 5.
12.Sai s v tr s dln di so vi thit
k (theo %)
Ring r i vi ct thp, cp thp,
thanh v si thp, l 15
Trong mt nhm ct thp, cp thp,
thanh v si, 10.
13. chnh xc khi o dln di
n hi chu ko (theo mm) ca :
Ct thp dc l 0,1
Ct thp ngang (ct ai) l 0,1
14.Tr s (%) cho php ca tng cc
mt mt ng sut ko gy ra do ma st
kch v phn ngm ca neo.
Vi neo kiu chn u c ng bc, l
5 (*)

Vi neo hnh cn, 10(*)

o trc tip t trn

b cng hoc trn gi

o kim tra gc
nghing v mt g
gh theo mt phng
ta
o bng thc dt

o lc bng my o
tn s hoc my o
ng tng t
o kim tra bng
my p k v dln
di
nt
nt
o bng thc dt

Tng nhm

nt

Tng thanh ct thp

nt

nt

o bng dng c c
chnh xc tng
ng
nt

nt

Ch khi xc nh ni
lc kim tra

nt

o kim tra qua my

p k v dln di
bng my o tn s
hoc my o ng
tng t
nt
17

15.Thi hn cho php (tnh theo ngy

m(**) h ct thp trong rlnh, khng
c bo v chng g, nhng cha c
phun p va bn trong (khi m khng
kh ca mi trng bn ngoi nh hn
75%)
L 30, i vi thp si.
L 15, i vi cp thp.
L 30, i vi thp thanh(to d ng
lc bng nhit ).

Tt c cc ct thp
nt
nt

Kim tra thi gian

theo ng k (s
nht k thi cng)
nt
nt

(*) - Tr s ny c th c xc nh qua th nghim.

(**) - Cho php c thi hn cao hn quy nh ny ch trong trng hp p dng gii php
c bit bo v ct thp tm thi khi b g. D c p dng gii php bo v ct thp
tm thi, nhng i vi tt c ct thp chu lc h trong rlnh khng c qu thi hn
3 thng.
Tt c thi hn cho php c tnh tng ng m mi trng l 75%; nu
m thc t ln hn, tt c thi hn cho php u phi rt ngn hn theo quan st hin
trng.

Ghi ch :
1. Cc ct thp dng si, cp v thanh nu c sai lch v tr s lc cng ko vt
qu gi tr quy nh trong bng ny, u phi cng ko li hoc thay th.
2. Cho php li trong kt cu khng qu 5% s lng ct thp trong tng s,
s ct thp ny hoc ko qu n di 20% ni lc lm vic, hoc ko cha n ng sut
chu ca - si thp .
3. trit tiu dln n hi ca ct thp, tin hnh to ni lc trc bng 20%
ni lc kim tra trong ct thp
Cng tc b tng
4.17. Vic sn xut v vn chuyn b-tng phi tun theo quy nh ca Kt cu btng v b-tng ct thp ton khi-quy phm thi cng v nghim thu do Nh nc ban
hnh v cc qui nh ca qui phm ny. Hn hp b-tng c sn xut trong my trn
quay cng bc; cho php sn xut hn hp b-tng t nhuyn ln hn hoc bng 5cm
bng my trn kiu trng lc, (o bng st t do).
Va xi mng- ct c sn xut trong my trn va. Cho php sn xut va xi
mng-ct trong my trn quay cng bc lm b-tng.
4.18. Cht ph gia cho va c a vo my trn ng thi vi vic a nc vo.
Cht ph gia m c phi c ho sn cho lolng ra. Cc loi ph gia phi c ho trn
sn trc khi vo my trn cc ct liu, theo ch dn ca hlng ch to.
4.19. Thng cha, khi dng vn chuyn hn hp b-tng, cn phi c lm sch
v thau ra sau mi ln cha hn hp; vic lm sch v thau ra thng cha khng c
chm lu qu 30 pht.
18

4.20. Vic b-tng phi thc hin theo quy nh ca BVTC. Hn hp b-tng
phi c vo vn khun thnh tng lp ngang, khng c gin on theo hng di
chuyn t mt pha cho tt c cc lp. Khi din tch mt ct ngang ca kt cu b-tng tri
di trn 4m hoc tri rng trn 3m, cho php v m nn hn hp b-tng theo cc lp
xin, hnh thnh cc on ngang di 1,5 - 2m ca cc lp chng ln nhau. Gc xin
theo mt phng nm ngang ca cc lp chng ln nhau khng c vt qu 300, trc
khi tin hnh m nn. Sau khi v ri u hn hp b-tng theo tng lp trn sut b
mt, mi tin hnh vic m nn b-tng theo tng on.
4.21. Hn hp b-tng c th c cung cp bng my bm hoc my nn kh cho
mi hnh loi kt cu vi cng sut b-tng khng nh hn 6m3/gi, mc d c iu
kin kh khn no v nhng ni mi phng tin c gii khng th qua li c.
4.22. Trc khi tin hnh m nn, tng lp hn hp b-tng l phi c dn
u trn b mt ngang ca kt cu. Chiu cao tri ln cc b so vi cao chung ca mt
phng hn hp b-tng, trc khi m nn, khng c qu 10cm. Cm dng cc loi m
rung san u v nh bng cc lp hn hp b-tng nm trong vn khun. Cc lp hn
hp b tng ch c tin hnh m nn sau khi l dn tri v san u trn b mt l .
4.23. Phn hn hp b-tng b mt mt trn dy chuyn v thit b b-tng vo
kt cu phi c tnh b cho . Cm vic dng nc b vo phn hn hp b tiu hao
trong qu trnh b-tng.
4.24. Lp hn hp b-tng sau phi c trong thi gian lp b-tng l ri trc
cha b ninh kt. Nu qu trnh b-tng b gin on vt qu thi gian bt u ninh kt
ca lp hn hp b-tng trc, phi lm ngay vt ni thi cng. Lp b-tng vt ni ny
phi t cng t nht l 1,2 MPa mi c tin hnh tip trn vt ni thi cng. thi
gian cho php tip hn hp b-tng sau ln gin on c xc nh qua mu trong
phng th nghim, ng thi ph thuc vo phng php lm sch lp mng xi mng trn
mt vt ni thi cng.
V tr ca vt ni thi cng phi c quy nh theo BVTC. Nu khng c quy nh
ring trong thit k th b dy ca lp b-tng tip sau khi t vt n thi cng phi t t
nht bng 25cm. Cc vt ni thi cng khng c t nhng on c nc chy qua, v
nhng on ngp nc c cht n mn.
4.25. Hn hp b-tng cho mi lp ri hoc mi ln hon thin bng my rung,
phi c m nn k sao cho c chc li mi ngng, khi vng bt xi mng ni ln trn
mt v ch tip gip vi vn khun.
4.26. Cc loi thanh rung, x rung hoc my m bn ch c th dng thch hp vi
kt cu b-tng; chiu dy mi lp hn hp b-tng c v m nn khng c qu
25cm.
i vi kt cu BTCT, vic to rung ng mt ngoi c th p dng khi m nn
lp b-tng mt trn v mt ngn cch.
4.27. Mt thong ca phn b-tng mi xong (k c khi tm ngng ) phi c
bo m khi b mt nc, phi che y kn trnh nc ma ri thng vo .
Vic bo v mt thong ca b-tng mi xong phi c duy tr ngay trong sut
thi gian cho n khi b-tng t cng khng nh hn 70% cng thit k .
19

4.28. Trong qu trnh hn hp b-tng phi m bo nguyn vn trng thi ca

hnh dng kt cu, vn khun v dn gio . Khi pht hin c bin dng hoc c chuyn
dch cc b kt cu vn khun, gio hoc ch lin kt, phi c gii php chnh sa ngay
lp tc hoc trong trng hp cp bch, phi nh ch ngay vic thi cng khu vc xy ra.
4.29. Nhng yu cu k thut thi cng b-tng, khi lng v cch thc kim tra
nghim thu cng tc b-tng, c quy nh theo bng 5.

Bng 5
Yu cu k thut

i tng kim tra

1. Ti v tr , hn hp b-tng phi
m bo st theo thit k v khng sai
khc qu 15%, cn ch s cng
khng sai lch qu 10% so vi thit k.

Khng t hn 2 ln
cho mt hn hp,
hoc c 2gi kim
tra 1 ln khi gp thi
tit thay i, m
thay i v khi thnh
phn ct liu c bin
ng.

2. Nhit ca ct liu hn hp btng khng c sai khc qu 20C so

vi tr s tnh ton khi lm th nghim
(nc v thnh phn hn hp khi cho vo
my trn, hn hp b-tng hoc va khi
ra khi my, hn hp b-tng hoc va
ti v tr .

C 4 gi kim tra 1
ln vo ma ng;
hoc 2 ln kim tra
cho mt ca lm hn
hp b-tng trong
iu kin nhit
khng kh thun
tin.
3. Chiu dy mi lp hn hp b-tng Trong sut qu trnh
khng c vt qu tr s sau:
b-tng.

Phng php hoc

cch thc kim tra
Kim tra theo TCVN
4453 - 1995 v cn
c vo s nht k thi
cng .

Da vo nht k thi
cng, dng nhit k
o.

o v quan st

40cm - khi m cht trn bn rung,

rung hoc h rung n hi.

nt

nt

25cm - khi cch m cht nh trn v

kt cu c hnh dng phc tp, c ct thp
b tr dy c.
5 n 10 cm - khi b tr u my m
dc theo chiu di kt cu, my c gn
cht v t cng vo thnh bn kt cu.
40cm - khi m cht bng my m
di cm tay.
25 cm - khi dng my m bn hoc
my rung trn x i vi kt cu b-tng
khng c ct thp v c mt lp ct thp.
12cm - i vi kt cu c 2 lp ct
thp

nt

nt

nt

nt

nt

nt

nt

nt

nt

nt

20

4. Phn nh khi lng b-tng

cho ton b kt cu nh sau:
Din tch mi khi - khng qu
50m2.
Chiu cao khi - khng qu 2m
B tr mi ni thi cng - nhng ch
c tht hp.
5.Chiu cao (theo m) ri t do ca hn
hp b-tng khng c ln hn tr s:
2 - khi vo kt cu b-tng c ct
thp.
1 - khi cu kin BTCT c sn.
6 - khi vo kt cu b-tng khng
c ct thp, vi iu kin m bo
ng nht ca b-tng v tnh nguyn vn
ca vn khun.

Cho tng kt cu

o v da vo nht
k thi cng

nt

nt

nt

nt

nt

o v quan st

nt
nt

nt
nt

5. Thi cng Nn v Mng

5.1. Cng tc thi cng nn v mng cn theo cc yu cu ca Tiu chun hin hnh,
cc qui nh ca qui phm ny v n thit k k thut, BVTC.
5.2. Trong trng hp thi cng cc dng mng khc nhau cn phi tun theo cc
mc trong phn 5 ca qui phm ny, cho php tham kho cc ti liu c lin quan khc
nh:
a) s thi cng v v tr mng v b mng, cu to cc v h thng vng vy
ngn nc km theo cc ch dn v sai s theo mt bng v chiu cao;
b) bng tin tng hp, s nht k ng cc, cc ng, v cc vn thp, nht k
khoan v b tng vo l cc khoan nhi;
c) cc kt qu th ng cc ng (dng ba ng hoc ba rung);
d) cc kt qu nn tnh cc ng, cc ng hoc t nn mng (nu h s thi cng
yu cu).
H cc v cc ng
5.3 Cc c ng h bng ba m bo su ngm thit k n chi nhng
khng c nh hn 0,2 cm cho mt nht p, cn cc ng c h xung bng ba rung
vi nng sut h rung giai on cui khng nh hn 5 cm/pht. Nu yu cu trn khng
c kh nng t c, cn p dng phng php xi mi cc hoc t cc vo l khoan mi
h cc n chi tnh ton, i vi cc ng p dng phng php o t pha di
mi cc trc hoc dng ba rung loi ln hn.
Cho php o t ct pha di mi cc trc t 1-2m, vi iu kin khi c p lc
nc tha trong lng cc, tc l c ct nc trong lng cc cao trn 4-5m so vi cao
trnh mt nc hoc cao trnh mch ngm.
5.4. su khoan mi cc bng 0,9 chiu su h cc trong t, cn ng knh l
khoan mi bng 0,9 ng knh cc trn hoc 0,8 ng cho cc vung cng nh cca
gic, v c iu chnh theo kt qu h th cc.
21

5.5. Kt cu cc h xuyn qua tng dy l loi t cng, c thc hin bng cch
dng mi khoan dn hng.
Cho php ng cc trc tip qua lp st do mm hoc t st m khng c thnh
phn t cng.
5.6. Sau khi h xong cc ng, cn ly ht t mn y lng cc, lm sch, nghim
thu y cc (k c vic m rng mi cc) v t lng ct thp trong trng hp cn thit,
sau b-tng nhi vo lng cc.
Sau mi ln buc phi dng thi cng, cng vic b-tng nhi c th tip tc thc
hin nu khong thi gian dng khng lm mt linh ng ca hn hp l . Trong
trng hp ngc li ch cho php tip tc cng vic khi c gii php m bo cht lng
lin kt tt mt tip gip gia phn b tng mi v phn l trc .
5.7. Vic y hn hp b tng trong lng cc ng BTCT trong phm vi c du
hiu thay i nhit do tc ng ca mi trng xung quanh (nc, khng kh, t) phi
thc hin theo yu cu c bit c ch dn trong BVTC (la chn thnh phn hn hp,
cch nhi b-tng, lm sch mt trong lng cc,...) cao trnh di phm vi mt
on bng mt ln ng knh cc nhng khng nh hn 1m, m bo an ton cho cc
c th hn ch s xut hin vt nt trong khi b-tng nhi.
5.8. Vic kim tra v nghim thu cht lng cng tc ng cc v cc ng qua cc
a tng khc nhau phi tun theo yu cu k thut ghi trong bng 6.

Bng 6
Yu cu k thut

i tng kim tra

Phng php
kim tra

Tng cc

o bng thc

nt

nt

nt

nt

nt

nt

nt

nt

1. Sai lch cho php v mt bng tim cc v cc

ng so vi thit k ti v tr y b hoc i cc:
a) i vi cc vung, cc tam gic v cc c
kch thc khng ln hn 0,6 m (tnh theo cnh
cc vung, cnh nh cc tam gic, hoc ng
knh cc trn) b mng ti ch hoc trn i
cc, tnh theo tr s cnh hoc ng knh (m)
nh sau:

Khi cc b tr mt hng theo mt chnh cu:

- theo hng dc cu, khng vt qu 0,2 ca
tr s
- theo hng ngang cu, khng vt qu 0,3
ca tr s

Khi cc b tr hai hng hoc nhiu hn theo mt

chnh cu:
- i vi hng cc ngoi cng, dc cu, khng
vt qu 0,2 ca tr s
- i vi hng cc gia, dc cu, khng vt
qu 0,3 ca tr s
- theo phng ngang cu, khng vt qu 0,4

22

b) i vi cc vung, cc tam gac v cc trn

c kch thc khng ln hn 0,6 m sai lch
cho php l 5 cm (khng ph thuc vo s lng
cc) b mng kiu lp ghp hoc trn mt nn
bt buc phi dng cc thit b nh hng (lng
khung ct thp, khung dn hng, cn cu).
c) i vi cc ng ng knh ln hn 0,6 m
n 3 m, ng xin, tnh theo tr s ng knh
(m) nh sau:

Khng s dng thit b nh hng:

- i vi cc n v cc b tr mt hng theo
mt chnh cu, khng vt qu 0,1 ca tr s.
- i vi cc b tr 2 hng hoc nhiu hn,
khng vt qu 0,15 ca tr s.

Tng cc ng

o bng thc

nt

nt

Cho tng cc ng
nt

o bng my
thu bnh
nt

nt
nt

nt
nt

Khi c khung dn hng (khung nh v)

- nu trn cn, khng vt qu 5 cm
- nu trn nc, su nc l H(m) khng
vt qu 0,03H -

2. v dch cho php ca tim h khung dn

hng so vi v tr tim cao trnh mt khung
nh sau:
- nu trn cn, l 2,5 cm.
- nu trn nc su nc H(m), l 0,015H.

3. sai lch ( gim nh) ca chiu su h

cc v cc ng so vi tr s thit k
k (khi h cc
vo t trn 4m, c xt n xi cc b):
a) Cc di n 10m (vi iu kin tnh kh nng
chu theo t nn) l 25cm
Cc di trn 10m, l 50cm.
b) Cc ng vi mi chiu di l 25 cm

Tng cc
nt
nt

Quan st o
bng thc gn
trn thn cc
nt
nt

Ghi ch:
1. Sai s cho php ca cc cc (cc v cc ng) so vi n thit k, trong mt bng,
c tnh ti mng v c tnh ngay trn cc tr khng c b ( b-tng ti ch)
c coi nh ti cao trnh b mng hoc i cc. Cc tr s cho php v sai lch v tr
so vi n thit k theo mt bng ca h cc l nu trn bao gm c tr s chuyn v
mt y b cc hoc i cc do c sai lch ca cc theo phng ng hoc do c thay i
xin cc.
Sai s cho php v thay i gc tang theo phng thng ng (so vi tr s thit k)
ca cc cc xin khng c vt qu 200:1 khi b tr theo 1 hng v 100:1 khi b tr
t hai hng tr ln.
2. i vi cc loi mng v cc tr c b hoc i cc ch to sn, c lin kt
vo cc cc nh cc u ct thp dc th ra v lp y b-tng ti ch, sai lch cho
php v v tr cc theo mt bng so vi thit k mt y b hoc i cc khng c ln
hn 5cm.
Trong trng hp b v i cc ch to sn, khi lp ghp vo h cc v cc ng, phi
dng ni ghp kiu lin hp hn thp vi thp v bu lng lin kt, sai lch cho php
trong trng hp ny c qui nh theo thit k.
23

3. S lng cc b sai lch khng vt qu 25% tng s cc i vi cc mng v tr

c mt hng cc v 40%, i vi mng cc c hai hoc nhiu hng cc.
4. Khi s cc thc t b sai lch so vi thit k vt qu tr s gii hn cho php, vic
chp thun kh nng dng li h cc ny phi c c quan t vn thit k mng hoc tr
xem xt gii quyt.
Thi cng cc khoan nhi
5.9. Cng tc thi cng cc khoan nhi cn theo cc yu cu ca qui phm ny v
tiu chun ngnh v Cc khoan nhi-Qui trnh thi cng v nghim thu.
5.10. Cho php s dng p lc ca ct nc hoc dung dch va st gi thnh vch
l khoan thi cng cc khoan nhi; nu v tr l khoan cch cc ngi nh hoc cng trnh
hin c nh hn 40m, cn la chn gii php thi cng thch hp m bo an ton n nh
cho cc cng trnh ln cn .
Trng hp to l cho cc khoan khng dng ng (ng thp, ng BTCT) gi
vch l m dng gu ngom t (c bit i vi l cc c nc) cn phi hon chnh mt
trong l cc khoan n ng knh thit k bng thit b ng doa hnh tr trn (ng chun
lm c).
5.11. gi khng cho lng ct thp ca cc b y ln hoc dch chuyn trong qu
trnh rt b tng vo l, cng nh trong mi trng hp b tr lng ct thp khng ht
ton b chiu cao ca cc, cn phi c kt cu gng gi c nh lng thp theo ng v tr
thit k.
5.12. Trng hp gp l khoan kh trong lp ct, l khoan c ng vch (ng thp
hoc BTCT) cng nh l khoan khng c ng vch do xuyn qua a tng st v st ti v
tr cao hn mc nc ngm nhng khng xut hin lp ct hoc ct y l, cho php
b-tng lng cc khng dng ng dn m rt t do cao ri khng qu 6m.
Trng hp gp l khoan y nc, thi cng b-tng trong lng cc theo phng
php rt ng theo chiu thng ng, c qui nh trong Qui trnh thi cng b-tng di
nc bng phng php va dng.
5.13. Cng tc kim tra, nghim thu cht lng thi cng cc khoan nhi phi tun
theo yu cu k thut ghi trong bng 7.

Bng 7
Sai s cho php

i tng Kim
tra

Phng php kim tra

Tng cc

o bng my thu
bnh, ng di v thc

1. sai lch cho php v v tr mt bng

nh v v trc xin (tg
(tg) ca cc khoan so
vi thit k: (tnh theo tr s d - ng knh
cc):
Khi b tr mt hng cc theo mt chnh cu:
0,04 d; 1:200 - trng hp thi cng trn
nc.

24

 0,02 d; 1:200 - trng hp trn cn.

Tng cc

dy.
o bng my thu
bnh, ng di v thc
dy.

Khi b tr hai hoc nhiu hng cc theo mt

chnh cu:
0,1 d; 1:100 - trng hp thi cng trn
nc.
0,05 d; 1:100 - trng hp thi cng trn
cn.

nt

nt

nt

nt

2. Sai s cho php (tnh theo cm) v kch

thc thc t ca l khoan v kch thc
m rng bu y cc so vi thit k:
25 - theo chiu su l khoan ( cao
trnh)
5 - theo ng knh l.
10 - theo chiu su ca on hnh tr
m rng bu.
10 - theo ng knh m rng.
5 - theo chiu cao on hnh tr m
rng.

Tng l khoan

o theo ch dn ca
thit k mng cc.
nt
nt
Tng on m
nt
rng
nt
nt
nt
nt

3. Sai s cho php (tnh theo cm) v v tr

t lng ct thp trong lng cc khoan so
vi thit k:
1 - theo v tr t ct thp dc vi nhau
trn ton chu vi ca lng.
5 - theo chiu di thanh thp.
2 - theo c ly cc bc ai xon c.
10 - theo khong cch cc vng ai
cng mt lng thp.
10 - theo khong cch cc con k to
lp bo v ct thp.
1 - theo chiu cao con k
2 - theo ng knh ca lng thp ti v
tr t vng ai cng.

Tng lng ct
thp
nt
nt
nt

o bng thc cun

thp v thc dt.
nt
nt
nt

nt

nt

nt
nt

nt
nt

Theo TCVN
nt

Theo TCVN
nt

2 cc cho mt
cu
nt

Kim tra bng thit b

c chng v quan st
Kim tra 6 mu t li
khoan qua cc.

4. Sai s cho php v ch tiu va bb-tng

vi ln kim hnh chp 1616-10cm, bbtng trong nc vo lng cc theo phng
php rt ng theo chiu thng ng:
2 cm - theo tr s st.
2 % - theo tch nc.

5. Sai s cho php v ch tiu b tng lm

cc khoan:
Khng c vi phm v tnh lin tc trn
ton chiu di cc
+ 20; - 5% cng b-tng

25

Ch to v h ging chm
5.14. i vi mi v tr c th, cn la chn cc gii php thi cng ch to ging
chm ph hp vi kh nng k thut ca n v v m bo hiu qu kinh t cao, nh: ch
to ngay trn v tr t mng (dn mt bng thi cng trc, to mt bng trn o p, lm
sn cu cng tc c nh)hoc lm bn cnh v tr xy dng mng (lp cng a ring, lm
trn h ni hoc sn cng tc); km theo cc gii php thi cng h ging chm vo su lng
t : dng tc ng ca trng lng bn thn (thm ph ti xp-kch p nu cn; kt hp
xi thnh bn; dng o va st ...) hoc dng dn ba rung h.
5.15. Trong qu trnh h ging n cao thit k, cn phi c gii php phng
nga kh nng ging b nghing lch (dng kt cu hng dn, o t ng u theo mt
bng y ging, cht ti cn bng trn ging trong trng hp dng ph ti cn bng trn
ging trong trng hp dng ph ti xp hoc kch p...) hoc b kt trong t (dng lp
o va st, xi thu lc hoc kh nn, cht ti...).
5.16. phng nga kh nng ct tri xy ra lp y ging, phi m bo sao cho
chn ging lun ngp su vo t t 0,5 n 1m, cn mc nc trong ging khng c
thp hn mc nc bn ngoi. Nu gp trng hp ging b treo hoc khi cn y xa cc
m ci nm kt di chn ging, ch cho php tin hnh cc thao tc trong iu kin lun
c p lc nc d tha trn mt y ging bng cch y nc vo sao cho mc nc
bn trong cao hn mt nc bn ngoi xung quanh ging t 4 n 5m.
5.17. Kim tra nghim thu cht lng ch to v h ging chm phi tun theo cc
yu cu k thut ghi trong bng 8.

Bng 8
Sai s cho php
1. sai lch cho php (tnh theo %) v kch
thc mt ct ging so vi thit k:
0,5 - theo ng knh ngoi, nhng khng
qu 10 cm.
0,5 - theo chiu di v chiu rng ca
ging, nhng khng qu 12 cm.
1 - theo ng cho ca ging.
0,5 - theo ng bn knh trn quanh
ging, nhng khng qu 6 cm.
2. sai lch cho php (tnh theo cm) v
chiu dy thnh ging so vi thit k:
3 - nu l b tng
1 - nu l b tng ct thp
3. sai lch cho php v v tr h ging so
vi thit k:
Theo chuyn v ngang mt trn ca ging

i tng kim
tra

Phng php kim

tra

Tng ging

o bng thc

nt

nt

nt
nt

nt
nt

nt
nt

nt
nt

nt

o bng my kinh
26

l ... 0,01 ca su h ging

Theo phng thng ng l ... 1% ca
nghing.
Theo su h ging l ... 30 cm.

Tng ging
nt

v v thc
o bng qu di v
thc
nt

Thi cng mng nng

5.18. Khng cho php c s gin on gia hon thnh thi cng h o vi xy
dng kt cu mng. Trong trng hp phi gin on cng vic trn, cn c gii php
m bo c tnh t nhin ca t nn ti . Lp y h o gn n cao thit k
(khong 5 - 10 cm) cn c sa dn sch mt trc khi thi cng mng.
5.19. Trc khi thi cng mng phi hon thnh vic a nc mt v nc ngm ra
khi h o (o rlnh hoc m ng thot nc ngm, h mc nc ngm...)cn c la
chn ph hp vi iu kin ti ch v c s chp thun ca t chc t vn thit k. Trong
trng hp ny, cn c gii php khng cho t bn ng di y h o v khng lm
ph hu c tnh t nhin ca t nn ti .
5.20. Trc khi thi cng mng cng trnh cn phi lp bin bn nghim thu h o
vi s tham gia ca Ch cng trnh, T vn gim st v Nh thu; trong trng hp c bit
phi c s tham gia ca c quan T vn thit k v n v o c.
Hi ng nghim thu cn cn c vo h s thit k mng: V tr, kch thc, cao
y mng, hin trng ca nn v c tnh ca t nn, cng nh kh nng t mng theo
thit k hoc thay i cao trnh mng.
Vic tin hnh kim tra nn t mng khng c lm tn hi c tnh t nhin ca
t ti ; khi cn thit, ngoi vic ly mu lm th nghim trong phng, c th thm d
hoc p th trn nn t.
Nu Hi ng nghim thu thy c trng ca t nn theo thc t khc vi thit k
th cn phi xem xt n BVTC; vic tip tc thi cng phi c c quan T vn thit k
v Ch cng trnh quyt nh sau khi l i chiu v tnh ton li.
5.21. Cc kt cu c sn dng thi cng mng nng phi c t trn mt lp
m ct, dm hoc ct xi mng c dy khng nh hn 5 cm (i vi t nn st) v
c m cht san phng mt cch cn thn.
Trong trng hp nn c ch lm cc b th phi p b t cng loi m bo
mt nn phng v cht.
5.22. Vic kim tra nghim thu cht lng thi cng phi tun theo cc yu cu k
thut ghi trong bng 9.

Bng 9
Sai s cho php

i tng kim tra

Phng php kim

tra

Tng mng v b

o bng my

Sai s cho php (tnh theo cm) v kch thc

thc t v v tr b tng mng - b mng ti
ch (hoc lp ghp) so vi n thit k:
5 ( 2 ) - Theo kch thc mt bng

27

+ 2; - 5 ( + 1; - 0,5 ) - Theo chiu dy lp

bo v.
2 ( 1 ) - Theo cao trnh nh (mp) mng
hoc b.
2,5 (1) theo v tr mt bng soo vi tim cu

nt

kinh v v thc
di
o bng my
kinh v v thc
di
nt

nt

nt

Tng mng v b

Ghi ch: Tr s ghi trong du ngoc trn bng tng ng vi mng v b lp ghp.
Trong qu trnh thi cng mng nng, cn kim tra:
Phn t phi dn ht trong h o, cu trc ca t nn khng cho php b xo trn
hay b hu hoi;
Cu trc ca t khng cho php b hu hoi trong thi gian ht dn, chun b mt
nn v lp t cc khi mng c sn;
Gi cho t trong h o khi b ngp nc d lm lp trn mt nn b nhlo v xi
mn;
c trng ca t nn thc c so vi thit k;
Tnh y ca cc gii php p dng bo v t nn khi b bin tnh trong thi
gian h o h l ra v cho n khi hon thnh xy mng;
su v kch thc thc t ca mng, cng nh v cu to v cht lng vt liu
lm mng, so vi thit k.
6. Thi cng cu cng b tng v
b tng ct thp.
6.1. Khi xy dng cu cng BT v BTCT phi tun theo cc iu qui nh ca tiu
chun Nh nc v Kt cu b-tng v b-tng ct thp- Quy phm thi cng v nghim
thu, tiu chun ngnh v Qui trnh thi cng v nghim thu cu b-tng d ng lc, ngoi
ra, phi tun theo cc yu cu k thut nu trong Qui phm ny.
6.2. Trong giai on thi cng lp hng, kch y, lao ko, ch ni kt cu nhp dm,
nh thu xy dng phi c trch nhim lp trc cc bc cng ngh thi cng trin khai
thc hin.
6.3. Vic lp t cc kt cu c sn ch c php bt u sau khi l kim tra bng
my v cao v v tr mt bng ca m tr, mng, v cc thit b ph tm thi cng,
cng nh cc cng vic o c nh v xc nh v tr lp t kt cu theo thit k, kt
qu kim tra c ghi vo bin bn.
Trc khi lp kt cu nhp trn cc tr m phi xp t sn cc gi theo ng
tim cu.
Qu trnh lp t kt cu, t khi ghp ni cu kin cho n khi xong ton b, phi
thng xuyn theo di v kim tra bng my. Ni dung kim tra gm: chnh xc v v tr
cc on hoc khi lp, trng khp mt tip gip, cc chi tit k m, cc khoang trng,
cc rlnh ng lun v cc chi tit kt cu ti mt ni ghp v mi lin kt.

28

6.4. Sau mi khoang ch to xong (hoc mi khi lp) ca kt cu nhp, u phi

dng trc c kim tra v tr khoang lp theo mt bng v mt ct dc. Khi dng trc c
kim tra, phi theo di ln ca tr trong qu trnh thi cng, cn trong trng hp
cn thit, phi xt tnh n nh hng ca bin dng tc thi do c gia nhit khng u ln
kt cu.
Trong qu trnh lao ko dc (hoc sng ngang) kt cu nhp trn h con ln phi tin
hnh kim tra thng xuyn bng trc c v v tr tim nhp cu v cc tr (k c tr
tm). tin hnh kim tra trng thi ng sut trong kt cu khi c ch nh ca thit k.
6.5. Khi thi cng lp t kt cu cu phi p ng cc yu cu c bn sau:
a) Cn cu thi cng t ti v tr c xc nh trong BVTC v b tr ngoi thc
a. Cm vic ngm gi my cu vo kt cu ang lp rp, cm vic neo gi v tho h khi
lp nhng v tr cha c xem xt trong thit k TCXD;
b) Vic h kt cu nhp xung sn o, vic tho d sn o, cho kt cu nhp ta
vo con ln v vic iu chnh tr s phn lc gi ta hoc tr s ng sut u phi tun theo
cc yu cu k thut nu trong h s thi cng;
c)Vic lp t khi th ln t cu kin phng dng phin (bn) c thc hin bng
cch dng gi dn hng hoc kt cu khc tng t, m bo chnh xc v hnh dng
khi cng nh mt ct dc - ngang khi th, m bo ng dy ca lp tip gip cc cu
kin;
d) Ch tin hnh tho b hoc tng cng cc b phn lin kt khi khng xut hin
ni lc ph trong cc b phn .
6.6. Tt c cc cu kin v cc ph kin trc khi lp t thnh khi ln phi c
kim tra k. Nu pht hin c sai st, Hi ng nghim thu bn bc c gii php khc
phc.
Trn cc cu kin dn tri ra lp rp cn phi ghi r mt ngoi: danh s v trng
lng ml hng, im trng tm ca cu kin v tr mc cu cng nh ng tim kim tra v
tr t mc o c.
6.7. B mt tip gip ca cu kin nhp cu BTCT, trc khi chuyn vo v tr lp
hoc trc khi ghp thnh khi th, cn phi lm sch bng phng php phun ct hoc
bng bn chi. Khng c dng cc dng c no p hoc bm vo mt tip gip.
Vic lm sch b mt tip gip ca cu kin phi c thc hin k lng v c
nghim thu cn thn.
6.8. Ti cc b mt tip gip (mt cu) ca cc t ng cng BTCT c sn nu b
st v do b c st vi mc cu, trc khi lp t, phi c sa cha v trt va b-tng
lin mt nh ban u; khng c dng dng c c khot vo thn cng hoc khng
c k t cho t cng b un vng.
6.9. Khi s dng cc phng tin chuyn ch ta v ghm cc cu kin cn phi
ch khng pht sinh bin dng d trong kt cu; mt u cc khi lp ghp ni theo
chiu di kt cu v cc mt chng thm phi c bo v khi b st v.
Vic vn chuyn cc loi dm kh ln, cc cu kin c sn ca kt cu nhp v m
tr, cng nh cc cu kin BTDL, phi c thc hin theo ng cc yu cu c bit nu
trong BVTC hoc cc yu cu k thut qui nh trong cc tiu chun ca Nh nc v
ngnh GTVT; nu vn chuyn trn sng, phi tun theo ch dn ca c quan qun l ng
sng.
29

Vic xp t cc cu kin ln phng tin vn chuyn phi m bo neo chng chc

chn, trnh c tc ng ca lc gi, lc xung kch v lc ly tm. Trong trng hp cn
thit phi bo m xp t hng trong khun kh nht nh c th xoay chuyn d dng
khi phng tin i vo ng cong; trng hp cu kin di chuyn ch trn xe moc, mt
u ca cu kin phi trn mt ta sao cho d di ng; nu l phng tin ch ni, phi
m bo n nh v thng bng khi di chuyn.
6.10. Cc cu kin phi xp vo kho cn p ng cc yu cu v bo qun nh sau:
- Khng c qung nm hng ln cc phng tin vn chuyn;
- Gi gn cc cu kin khng b h hng do dy buc hoc cc chi tit kp gi khc.
- Khng c t cc khi lp BTCT ln cc con k.
Cc loi gi cu cao su v cc b phn khe co dln mt cu phi c bo v
trnh tc ng ca nh sng mt tri, phi cch cc thit b sy t nht l 1 m, trnh mi tc
ng ca du la v cc ho cht khc gy ph hu cao su.
Lp t cc mi ni thi cng cu
6.11. Cc ct thp ch v tm lt phi c hn ghp li sau khi ghm gi cc
cu kin c sn ng v tr thit k.
Trnh t thao tc hn phi thc hin theo ch dn ca thit k, theo cc yu cu ca
Tiu chun ngnh Cu thp v kt cu thp- quy trnh thi cng v nghim thu v bo m
gim nh nht tr s ng sut ph pht sinh do hn.
Khi chnh sa cc u ni cn ch loi tr cc vt nt gy thp v khng lm vo
tng bo h b-tng.
Cng tc b-tng mi ni ch c thc hin sau khi l nghim thu mi hn v
t ct thp, cng nh l khc phc cc sai st pht sinh.
Ti nhng mi ni m ct thp ch khng s dng hn hoc ti cc chi tit m lt,
ch c thc hin b-tng sau khi l hon thnh cng vic chnh sa mi ni v c
nh cc cu kin c sn vo ng v tr ni ghp theo thit k. Cc mi ni dc gia
cc phin dm (bn dm) v cc mi ni ngang ca nhp dm gin n c thc hin
b-tng sau khi h dm vo gi cu chnh thc. Trnh t b-tng ti cc mi ni trn
nhp dm lin tc hoc lin tc nhit c tin hnh theo n BVTC ring.
6.12. Ti cc mi ni trn mt cu, trc khi b-tng hoc va, phi c ra
sch v gi m t. Hn hp b-tng (va) c vo mi ni mt cch lin tc v c
m nn cn thn. Mt l ra ngoi ca b-tng (va) phi c m nn tht bng phng
ngang u vi kt cu cn c ni ghp v trnh khi b bc hi nc trong thi gian bo
dng (ph lp gi m, ri vt liu ngn cch nh nng..)
6.13. Hn hp cht keo dng vo mi ni phi c lm th nghim trc trong
phng th nghim kim tra cht lng ca thnh phn vt liu. Khi cn thit, phi kim
tra Moduyn n hi v h s Poatsng ca keo. D vi hp cht keo tng ng theo yu
cu ca thit k nh vy, nhng vn phi kim tra thm sc chu ct ca mi ni keo qua
mu th nghim (mu keo hnh lp phng).
i vi cc mi ni b-tng dng keo dn, phi chn thnh phn cu t thch hp
vi iu kin ngoi tri thay i, khi ng dn khng phi dng cch sy nng kao dn
trong mi ni.

30

6.14. Khi thi cng mi ni, keo c ph u ln hai mt ca kt cu b-tng cn

ni ghp. Khng c l keo chy tri trn mt ng ca kt cu vto dy lp ph keo
thch hp, c mi ni keo kht cht khi nn bng trc p n gin ng vin chu vi.
Mi ni keo c nn p trc tip sau khi bi keo ln b mt b-tng cn ni ghp
trong mt thi gian ngn tu thuc c tnh cng ngh v bm dnh ca keo. tin
hnh nn p mi ni keo, nn p dng mt s ct thp trung gian to ng sut hoc dng
thit b chuyn dng, to nn lc nn p u trn ton mt ct ca mi ni keo t tr s
ng sut 0,05- 0,2 Mpa (0,5- 2 kgl/cm2).
Trong trng hp cn phi iu chnh mt ct dc v v tr ca kt cu lp t trong
mt bng, c s tho thun ca c quan thit k, cho php b sung khng qu 15% khi
lng keo lm lp chm iu chnh kt cu, nhng chiu dy ln nht mi ni khng
qu 5mm.
Trong trng hp dng keo ni ghp cc cu kin ca m tr theo chiu cao, cho
php bi keo ln mt mt ca mi ni v keo c nn p ngay trong qu trnh lp t dn
cc khi lp ln cao.
6.15. Trong qu trnh v sau khi kt thc thi cng lp ghp kt cu (trc khi tho
d vn khun, cht ti tm thi hoc kt thc vic cht ti) cn phi kim tra cng bn
ca mi ni v i chiu vi thit k theo tng giai on thi cng. Mi trng hp thay i
thnh phn hp cht, vt liu lm mi ni v thnh phn keo, cn phi ghi chp y vo
s nht k thi cng.
6.16. Yu cu k thut thc hin cc mi ni thi cng cu, khi lng v phng
php hoc cch thc kim tra nghim thu trong qu trnh thi cng, c qui nh theo bng
10.

Bng 10
Yu cu k thut

i tng kim tra

Phng php hoc

cch thc kim tra

Cc lin kt

o bng thc dt,

my ton c hoc
th di.

Cc tr ng
nt

o kim tra bng

my ton c hoc
th di.
nt

nt

nt

Cc kt cu

o my thu bnh

1. sai lch cho php v v tr tng

quan cc cu kin BTCT c sn, lin kt
bng mi ni va bb-tng:
a) Sai lch mp ngoi ca cc cu kin ni
gn nhau: 5mm
b) Nghing lch ca ng tim tr ng
c chiu cao H (m) so vi v tr thit k mt
ct nh tr:
Khi H < 4,5m, l 10mm
H = 4,5m 15m, l 15
H > 15m, l 0,001 H nhng khng ln hn
35mm
c) Sai lch vcao trnh nh tr, ct ng,

31

tr khung l 10mm
d) Sai s v chiu dy khe ni gia cc cu
kin c sn:
Vi khe ni hp, dy t 20 n 30mm l
10mm.
Vi khe ni rng, dy t 70mm tr ln, l
20mm
2. Dung sai cho php v cc ch tiu hn

Cc khe ni

o bng thc dt

nt

nt

hp bb-tng v va lm mi ni:

a) T l nc: xi mng
vi hn hp b-tng l 0,35-0,5
vi va, khng ln hn 0,45
b) st
vi hn hp b-tng l 4-5 cm
vi va, khng ln hn 8 cm
3. Cng cho php ca bb-tng v va

100%

Theo cc tiu chun

t TCVN 3105-1993
n TCVN 31111993

nt

nt

Tng mi ni

Quan st, kim tra

bng thc cp hoc
thc dt chnh xc.

Tng m phi
trn keo

Quan st, kim tra

mu 2x2x8 cm khi
tng ng sut
0,2-0,4 MPa/s
nt
Quan st, kim tra
s sut hin dng
chy t qulng ca
keo khi nhng a
thu tinh hay inh
vo .
Quan st, kim tra
dnh bm ca keo
qua gng tay

khi lm mi ni;

a) Trong thi gian nn p trong khun dn

khi lin kt tm thi v tho d vn khun,
khng nh hn 15 Mpa (150 kgl/cm2).
b) Trc khi tho d ti trng thi cng
hoc ti trng khai thc, cng phi t
tng ng tr s qui nh ca thit k i vi
tng giai on thi cng
4. Cc ch tiu cho php v lin kt cc

cu kin c sn bng keo:

a) i vi mi ni dn keo cht kht c

chiu dy trung bnh (chn khng t hn 4
im o theo chu vi mi ni) khng c ln
hn 3mm. Chiu dy ln nht ca mi ni keo
nhng im o cc b theo chu vi, cho php
khng ln hn 5mm.
b) Mduyn n hi ca keo 1500 MPa
(15000 kgl/cm2).
c) H s Potsng 0,25

5. lu ho ca keo (tnh theo gi):

Theo cng ngh (thi gian bi keo ln b
mt cn dn), khng t hn 1 gi.

Theo tnh ho cng (thi gian cu kin

c th dnh cht vo nhau khi p) khng t hn
4 gi

nt
Tng t 20 pht
mt ln

Tng t qua mi
gi

32

Phun p v lp y trong ng r
nh.
6.17. Vic phun p va xi mng ct vo ng kn v lp y vo rlnh h phi do i
th chuyn nghip thc hin.
Vic phun p vo ng kn v lp vo rlnh h c tin hnh sau khi kt cu l lp
t xong v l a trc tip cc b thp cng cao hoc ton b ct thp d ng lc vo
trong kt cu. Nu khong thi gian t lc ko xong ct thp n khi phun lp va vo ng
rlnh vt qu thi hn quy nh ghi trong mc 15 bng 4 th phi c gii php tm thi bo
v ct thp khi b g (dng np hoc ng chp kn ln u neo, lm l thot khi m y
di ca u neo, nh k a lung kh nng kh vo rlnh, dng cht c ch tm thi to
mng ph ln ct thp trong ng kn, hoc c th dng xi mng-cadein bc tm thi ln ct
thp t trong rlnh h..)
6.18. Dung dch va phun p phi c ch bin sn v nho trn trn my chuyn
dng cho nhuyn bm vo kt cu. Khng c trn va phun p bng phng php th
cng.
6.19. Trc khi bt u phun p va vo ng khng qu mt ngy, phi bm y
nc vo xc nh kn ca ng. Nhng ch r r pht hin thy v mp vin ng
phi c bt kn ngay sau khi y nc ra khi ng. ng thi dng ng chp lm sn y
kht ln neo, nu cu to neo khng c sn cc nt y l bm ny.
Trong trng hp ng khng c kn n mc nh hng n cht lng phun
p, Hi ng nghim thu phi a ra gii php khc phc, c s tham gia ca i din c
quan t vn Thit k.
6.20. Dung dch va c tin hnh phun p vo trong ng, sau khi l bm y
nc vo ng ny. Khi cc v tr neo ct thp d ng lc t cc cao khc nhau, vic
bm y va phi bt u t cc neo nm pha di trc.
Phun p va vo ng c tin hnh lin tc. Trong trng hp hnh thnh Nt bt
ng ng, dng nc bm ra lng ng v phun p va mi thay th. Sau khi ng kn no
va cn nt cht l bm va ninh kt tt.
i vi nhng ng c on cong xin hai u, tin hnh nn p va qua ng ni gn
vo c 2 u neo. Trong qu trnh phun p va vo ng, va c bm t mt pha u neo
sang u neo i din l hon tt vic phun p.
6.21. Vic phun p va vo nhng ng t thng ng theo chiu cao ca thn m
tr c thc hin theo tng tng cao 20-25m mt on, tng ng vi tng on ct thp
to d ng lc t theo chiu cao ca thn m tr nh thit k quy nh.
Phn trn ca cc tng t ng (khng k tng trn cng) trong thn m tr u c
lp ng ni va thot ra khi bm vo lng ng, va lp tip on ng cho tng trn
v bm va tip vo.
T vic bt u phun p va vo ng tng di cng ln n tng trn cng theo
chiu cao ca thn m tr, ch tin hnh trong thi gian khng qu 5 gi. Ring phn va
trong ng ca tng trn cng phi c nn p cht.
Trc khi lp y va (b-tng) vo rlnh h, hai bn vch ca rlnh v cc ct thp
cng d ng lc phi c lm sch v thi kh kh. Va (b-tng) lp y vo rlnh phi
33

c m nn cn thn. Trng hp ct thp d ng lc c xp thnh b v t vo mt

s hng rlnh h, vic lp va phi tun theo ch dn ca BVTC. Trn b mt b-tng lp
rlnh c ph lp chng thm nc gm mt s mng ngn p li, hoc lp ph bao ti, bo
dng m 2-3 ln trong ngy v duy tr trong vng 2 tun l.
6.22. Khi phun p vo ng kn v lp y trong rlnh h, phi tin hnh kim tra
thng xuyn cht lng cung cp va (b-tng) v qu trnh p () va (b-tng),kt qu
kim tra phi ghi vo s nht k thi cng.
6.23. Nhng yu cu k thut khi thi cng phun p v lp y trong ng rlnh, khi
lng cng vic kim tra nghim thu cng nh phng php v cch thc kim tra, c
qui nh theo bng 11.

Bng 11
Yu cu k thut

i tng kim tra

Phng php hoc

cch thc kim tra

1. Cc ch tiu c trng ca va bm
a) Tnh lu ng: ngay sau khi va sn Khi c s thay i
kp th iu kin
xut ra, l 40 2 giy.
vt liu v cng
Va sn xut ra sau 60 pht, l 80 5
ngh bm
b) co ngt (gim th tch) khng qu
nt
2%
c) Cng t c sau 7 ngy khng
nh hn 20 MPa (200 kgl/cm2) v sau 28
ngy, khng nh hn 30 MPa (300 kgl/cm2)

Theo TCVN, kim tra

qua mu 10x10x10cm
Theo TCVN
Kim tra trn mu nn
th 10x10x10cm
(theo TCVN)

2. Vt liu va bm:
a) Xi mng poclng (lm b-tng cu
cng) mc 400 hoc cao hn.
b) Cht ph gia ho do

3. Cng ngh phun p:

a) p lc lm vic ca my bm va 0,51 MPa (5-10 kgl/cm2)
b) tc lp y va vo ng rlnh
khng ln qu 3m/pht
c) nn p va trong ng 0,6 0,05 MPa
(6 0,5 kgl/cm2)
d) thi gian nn p, 5 2 pht
e) ng knh l u vi bm khng
nh hn 14mm
g) ng knh l u neo hoc kt cu
tip nhn va bm vo, khng nh hn
16mm.

Khi phi trn vt

liu
nt

Kim tra theo TCVN

Trong qu trnh
bm
nt

Qua my p lc k

Trong qu trnh
bm
nt
Trc khi bt u
thi cng
nt

Kim tra bng p lc

k
Quan st trn ng h
o bng thc cp

nt
V kt qu trong
phng th nghim

Theo di tng gi

nt

4. Vt liu bb-tng (va) dng lp y

rlnh h:
34

Xi mng poclng mc 500 hoc cao

Khi la chn
hn
thnh phn btng hoc va
5. tch nc ca bb-tng (va) trong Khi la chn
24 gi khng ln hn 2% th tch
thnh phn btng hoc va

Theo TCVN
Theo TCVN

Ghi ch:
Trng hp ng rlnh bng kim loi hoc bng nha tng hp, vic phun p v lp
y va c t l N/X ln hn 0,4 c tin hnh bt k ma kh hu trong nm.

Nhng c im thi cng kt cu b-tng ton khi

6.24. Khi la chn loi hnh vn khun pha tun theo cc yu cu quinh ca Tiu
chun ngnh Qui trnh thit k cc cng trnh v thit b ph tr thi cng cu.
6.25. Khi la chn gia cng vn khun dng b tng v b tng ct thp lm
m tr cu, cn phi xem xt nhng im sau:
- Tnh bin dng ca vn khun v b t (i vi kt cu d ng lc) di tc dng
ca ni lc nn p;
- Nhng u gc vung v gc nhn ca kt cu b-tng phi gia cng vn
khun vut thnh gc trn bn knh 20mm, hoc phi vt mp theo kch thc khng nh
hn 10x10mm (nu trong bn v thit k khng c ch dn khc);
- dc mt bn vn khun ca khi nguyn th l 1 : 20.
6.26. Cng tc nghim thu vn khun nh hnh, ch to sn trong xng, phi tun
theo cc yu cu ca nh my ch to.
6.27. Mi cng tc chun b b-tng vo vn khun u phi c ghi nhn vo
bin bn cng tc.
6.28. B mt vn khun tip xc vi b-tng phi c ph lp chng dnh trc khi
. Cht chng dnh c ph kn mt lp mng ln b mt vn khun l c lm sch
cn thn.
B mt vn khun sau khi c ph lp chng dnh cn phi gi khng dy bn,
nc ma v nh nng mt tri.
Khng cho php lm dy cht chng dnh vo ct thp v cc chi tit k m.
Khng cho php s dng cht chng dnh trong c thnh phn gy tc ng xu
cho b-tng.
Khng cho php s dng cht hn tp du m thi cng nghip lm cht chng
dnh.
6.29. Cc yu cu k thut cn phi p ng trong gia cng ch to v lp t vn
khun, khi lng cng tc kim tra nghim thu cng nh cch thc kim tra, c qui
nh theo bng 12. Kt cu vn khun v cc bo m theo ng kch thc ca cc b
phn cu (c tnh n vng thi cng) l nh trong bn v thit k.

35

Bng 12
Yu cu k thut

i tng kim tra

1. Sai s cho php v v tr v kch thc lp Mi kt cu vn
t vn khun tun theo Tiu chn Vit Nam v khun, kim tra
Tiu chun ngnh v kt cu bb-tng v bb-tng trong qu trnh
ct thp ton khi.
lp.
2. Sai s cho php v khong cch:
Gia cc gi ta vn khun ca kt cu chu
un v gia cc im lin kt ca kt cu b t
Tng khong
thng ng so vi kch thc thit k, l 25mmcch
theo 1m chiu di. Khng ln hn 75mm- theo
ton di.
Vnh phng trn mt phng thng ng hoc Tng mt phng
mt nghing ca vn khun theo thit k, gia
cc ng giao ct, l:
5mm- theo 1m chiu cao.
20mm- theo ton chiu cao ca mng.
10mm- theo ton chiu cao n 5m ca thn
tr v ct.
3. Sai lch cho php v v tr tim vn khun
so vi thit k l:
Tng ng tim
15mm- i vi mng
8mm- i vi thn tr v mng kiu ct
kt cu thp.
4. Sai lch ca khung t kch vi ng tim Tng ng tim
ca kch theo ng thng ng: khng cho im kch hoc
php c sai lch.
b t
5. chnh cao ln nht cho php ca dm Cao mi dm
gnh khung t kch, l 10mm
gnh
6. cn cho php ca vn khun trt vi Tng vn khun
mi cnh bn l + 4 v -2 tnh theo 1 m chiu
trt

Cch thc kim tra

o bng my
kinh v, i chiu
mc cao c v o
bng thc cun
o bng thc
cun
o bng thc dt
v dy di

o bng thc
cun
o bng thc v
th di
o bng my
thu bnh
o bng th di

cao.

7. cn ngc: khng cho php

8. Khong cch cho php gia kch v

khung t (khng k trng hp khong cch

gia cc khung t tu ) l 10mm
9. Sai lch cho php v ng tim:

ca kch so vi ng tim kt cu l 2mm.

ca vn khun c hon v hoc xp t li,
so vi ng tim ca cng trnh, l 10mm
10. Sai lch cho php v khong cch gia

nt
Theo thit k

nt
o bng thc
cun

Tng ng tim

nt

nt

nt

Tng vn khun

o trn vn
khun hoc sn
phm kt cu u
tin
Quan st bn

cc mt trong vn khun so vi kch thc thit

k, l 5mm
11. g gh cc b cho php ca vn

nt

36

khun l 3mm.

ngoi v kim tra

bng thc 2m.

6.30. Hn hp b-tng khi vo trong thn tr kiu lp ghp theo tng tng phi
c ri u theo chu vi ca thn tr v m nn k trn ton b din tch theo tng tng
, nht l gn cc v tr ni thng ng v cc khe lm ca khi.
Vt ni thi cng gia cc tng ring r phi nm cch mt trn ca tng khi lp bao
quanh v phi di l 20-30cm, nhng khng c ln hn mt na chiu cao ca khi lp
bao quanh.
Qu trnh b-tng cc khi lp phi ghm gi cht gia cc lin kt cng vi
nhau; nhng mp ni ghp no b h cn c trt kn li.
6.31. Ti phn thn tr m tip xc thng xuyn vi mc nc thay i cao-thp
trong ngy, hn hp b-tng kt cu thn tr hoc b-tng trong lng ct ng, trong
phm vi ny, phi c thm cht ph gia chng n mn do mi trng; st ca hn hp
phi t trong khong 2-4cm theo phng php o hnh chp ct.
Trc khi hn hp b-tng vo trong lng ct ng theo phng php di
nc, b mt b-tng l c trc phi lm sch mn t v lp xp ph bn trn.
6.32. Khi thi cng kt cu nhp theo phng php c hng, vic b-tng tng
on hng phi c tin hnh lin tc v khng c c vt ni thi cng. on b-tng
tip sau ch c tin hnh sau khi phn b-tng trc l t cng theo ch dn ca
thit k.
6.33. Nhng yu cu k thut phi thc hin khi tin hnh b-tng kt cu ton
khi, khi lng v cch thc kim tra, theo qui nh ca bng 13.

Bng 13
Yu cu k thut
1. Cng bb-tng cho php t:
ca lp bt y trong lng mng ging hoc
trong h mng trc khi tin hnh ht nc,
khng nh hn 2,5 MPa (25 kgl/cm2)
ca phn kt cu thi im b ngp nc,
khng nh hn 2,5 MPa (25 kgl/cm2)
ca phn nm trong lng ct ng, theo
phng php trong nc, trc khi lm sch
mn v b-tng xp trn mt, khng nh hn 2,5
MPa (25kgl/cm2)
2. Nhit cho php: ca kh quyn khi
b-tng vo lng kt cu thn tr ton khi lp
ghp, khng thp hn 150C.

i tng kim tra

Trc khi bt u
ht nc ra

Cch thc kim tra

Theo TCVN v
TCN

Trc khi b ngp

nc
Trc khi bt u
b-tng tip

nt

C 4 gi mt ln

o ti ch v ghi
vo s nht k
cng trnh
o ti ch

Xy lp mng v m tr.
6.34. Cc khi lp m tr phi c t ng cao trnh v theo ng ng th di
bng cc tm nm iu chnh. Mi tng khi lp thn m tr khng cao qu 5m, mt trn
37

ca tng di ng thi l nn ca tng trn phi c o c cao trnh v i chiu v sai

s cho php. Khi thc hin thi cng cc mi ni ghp cc khi lp, phi ch trt kn cc
khe l h c th gy mt va.
Va b-tng xi mng ct dng trt kn phi c st trong khong 6-9cm.
6.35.Mt ngoi ca cc mi ni ghp khi lp theo vin bao quanh phi c trt
kn bng va xi mng-ct kh t cng 30 MPa (300 kgl/cm2) v bo qun trnh b
nt. Mi ni theo vin bao quanh phi c lm phng mn, cht, dnh kt tt vi b-tng.
Khng dng keo dn lm mi ni theo vin bao quanh ny.
6.36. Khi thi cng kt cu c sn ca m tr cu dng ct (nh cu vt cao), phn
ca thn ct phi c gi cht tm thi nh b g dng chuyn dng bng thp hoc
kt cu dn hng.
ng lt ct dng nm chn gi phi c a vo n mt na chiu su ca
bo m sao cho c th b-tng lin khi cho ct chn v rt nm chn ra. Trong
mi trng hp phi c bin php khng cho nc chy vo ng lt ct v mng.
6.37. Trc khi xp t cc khi lp thn m tr v mng, phi gi gn cc khi ny
khng b bn.
6.38. Cc yu cu k thut cn phi tun th khi thi cng mng v m tr, khi
lng cng tc v cch thc kim tra, c qui nh theo bng 14.

Bng 14
Yu cu k thut

i tng kim tra

Tng hai khi lin
k

Cch thc kim tra

o bng thc

v chiu dy khe ni t thn m tr,

to thnh t cc mp ca khi lp, l 5mm.
v ng tim cc khi lp mng v m
tr, lin kt bng cc khe ni t
l 5mm- theo chiu cao
l 10mm theo cc kch thc khc cn
li
3. dy cho php ca mi ni thn m
tr bng cc khi lp, vi mi ni l keo dn,
tun theo im 4-5 ca bng 9.

La chn ch nghi
ng
La chn ch nghi
ng

nt

Xem im 4-5
bng 9

Xem im 4-5
bng 9

4. Sai lch cho php ca cc ng tim

to thnh theo chiu cao kt cu m tr:

Tng thn m tr

Dng my kinh v
v cao c quan
st

nt

o bng thc

Tng tr m

Kim tra t mu
b-tng l chn.

1. lch dch cho php:

cc mp bin ca khi lp c sn lin k
lm thn m tr l 5mm.

2. Sai s cho php:

Khi dng mi ni keo dn, tnh theo n

v chiu cao H, l 1/250.
Khi dng mi ni t, khng ln hn
20mm

5. Hn hp bb-tng dng vo lng

m tr:

o bng thc

38

thnh phn xi mng khng nhiu qu 350

kg/m3.
T l N/X khng qu 0,5.
Chiu dy ca mi lp ri khng ln hn
300mm
1. Sai s cho php v v tr tim kt cu:
khi thi cng so vi ng tim m tr
theo mt bng o c trn ton mng
i vi tim cc, cc ng, ct theo mt
bng, cao trnh mt di i cc, l 30mm
i vi tim tr , ct tr , cao trnh
mt nh, l 5mm.

7. Sai s cho php v cao trnh

trnh thit k
nh cc cc (cc ng, cc ng, cc khoan)
so vi mt di ca i cc, l 50mm
8. Khe h nh nht cho php: gia mt
bn kt cu cc, ct tr vi mt bn ca l
cha sn trn i cc, l 30mm.

nt
Tng tr m

nt
o bng thc

Tu chn ch nghi
ng

nt

Tu chn ch nghi
ng
nt

o bng thc

nt

nt

nt

Thi cng xy lp cng

6.39. Cc khi c sn lm mng ng cng c lp t trc tip trn nn ngay sau
khi nghim thu h mng, nn t mng cng c thi cng theo ng dc dc thit k
v vng xy dng qui nh.
Cc khi lp c t theo tng on mng theo hng t ca ra cng ln dn n
ca vo cng. Mi khi hoc mi hng khi lp trong phm vi mt on mng phi t ph
hp vi thit k v thng hng theo mt mt phng ca mng lm chun. Cc khi lp sau
khi l lm sch mt ngoi, phi c t theo ng v tr thit k trn mt lp va xi mng
ri mt; khng cho php trt va b sung vo di khi c l lp t, cng nh vic x
dch khi c sau khi va l ninh kt. chnh cao khi lp trong mt hng khng c
vt qu 10mm.
Mt dc ch ghp ni phn h o su nht ca mng tng u vi mt nn ca
mng thn cng phi c lp y bng ct- dm hoc hn hp ct- xi mng, m cht
theo tng lp v ri va xi mng ln.
6.40. Khe ni ng ca mi hng khi c phi c lp y va ct- xi mng, cnh
ngoi khe ni ng cng trt kn mt vi cc khi tip gip nhau.
Khi va khe ni mt ngoi l ninh kt th khng c trt thm vo mch ni.
6.41. Cng kiu ng thp tn ln sng c sp xp v lp t ti v tr thit k sau
khi l nghim thu phn t nn lm mng cng.
6.42. Khi thi cng cng, cn phi thc hin cc yu cu sau:
a) u cng ca ra c thi cng trc khi lp t cc on thn cng.
b) Khi lp t cc t cng trn phi m bo lp b-tng m di cc t cng
t dc thit k v c gc vt sao cho tip xc cht kht vi b mt ng cng pha di
theo sut chiu di thn cng.
c) Lp t cc t cng vung gc hoc t cng ta trn mt , phi dng va c
st 6-8 cm lm lp m.
39

d) Khi t cc on cng bng thp tn ln sng phi dng b g nh hnh bao

gi pha di khng thp hn 1/3 mt ct ngang ng, hoc phi to mt nn san rt bng
phng sau nm t ct hai bn thnh ng rt cn thn ng thi m nn k n cao
trn 1/3 mt ct ngang ng.
e) Vic lp rp cc ng tn ln sng phi m bo sao cho gia m bulng, ai c,
vng m vi bn tn thp khng c dnh ht t.
6.43. Vic kim tra nghim thu lp t cng phi c tin hnh trc khi lp t c
ghi bin bn.
6.44. Cc ch tiu k thut cn thc hin trong thi cng xy dng cng, khi lng
v cch thc kim tra c qui nh theo bng 15.

Bng 15
Yu cu k thut

i tng kim tra

Cch thc kim tra

Tng mp chnh
khi c
Tng on mng

Dng thc o
Dng thc o

Tng cu kin

nt

Tng khe h

nt

Tng cng

Dng my thu
bnh v da vo
bnh .

Tng th tch va
mt mng

Theo TCVN

nt

nt

nt
nt

nt
nt

1. Sai s cho php v v tr thi cng lp t

cc cu kin ca cng:
Bc chnh cc khi c lm mng trong cc
hng khng cao qu 10mm.
Chiu di v chiu rng ca cc on mng,
l + 2 v -1cm.
x dch tng i ca cc cu kin btng v BTCT lin k, l 10mm.
Khe h gia cc on mng v cc t cng
(theo ch s thit k), l 5mm.
ng tim dc cng theo mt bng v mt
ct dc (vi iu kin khng c on ng
nc), l 30mm

2. Cng bn cho
cho php ca lp va ct xi
mng:
Khi xy cc khi lp mng, dng cp va
theo quy nh ca thit k nhng khng nh hn
20 MPa.
T l N/X khng ln hn 0,65

3. st cho php ca va ct - xi mng:

Dng cho san nn di y ca hng khi
lp mng di cng v dng cho khe ni ngang,
l 6-8cm, theo phng php hnh nn ct.
Nh trn cho khe ni ng l 11-13cm.
Nh trn, cho khe ni ph ngoi, l 2-3cm

Ghi ch:

Khe h gia cc t cng v cc on mng cng phi trong mt mt phng.

40

Lp t kt cu nhp
6.45. Trc khi thi cng lp t kt cu nhp, h thng cn cu nng chuyn cc loi
a n cng trng u phi qua kim nh v nh gi cht lng. Hot ng ca cc
my cu trn nn t p ch c php tin hnh sau khi t ti y l m nn cht ph
hp vi yu cu ca BVTC.
6.46. Cc loi cu kiu cnh hng v kiu khung cng t trn ng ray, khi vn
hnh, phi c n v chuyn ngnh qun l ng st cho php. ng ray my cu di
chuyn phi ph hp tiu chun lp t hin hnh.
6.47. Khi nng, h v di chuyn kt cu nhp (dm) phi:
- m bo sao cho qu trnh nng v h theo phng thng ng; khng c dng
ti ng thi no cng kt cu;
- m bo khe h gia mt di ca kt cu lp t vi nh ray hoc mt t khng
nh hn 0,2m;
- m bo sao cho cn vi ch hot ng trong phm vi nh trc ca n BVTC.
6.48. Trc khi tin hnh lp t kt cu nhp v cc dm ring r bng my cu
kiu hng chy trn ng ray qua cc tr , phi:
a) Kim tra trc nn ng p cho my qua li, tnh trng ng, cng bn v
n nh vn c ca kt cu cn lp t, v quan st phm vi gii hn bi cc kin trc
xung quanh my cu nng ti c th a lt vo;
b) m bo sao cho vic qua li ca my cu trn cc ng ray k tip nhau m
khng b st mt in p trong li in cung cp.
6.49. Trnh t di chuyn my cu cc loi trn cng trng lp t kt cu nhp
phi c xc nh trc trong h s BVTC.
6.50. Trong trng hp cng mt lc dng hai cn cu vi tin hnh mt cng
vic, cn thc hin mt cch nghim ngt cc qui nh ca BVTC, di s ch o thng
nht ca ngi chu trch nhim v an ton lao ng trn cng trng. Trong h s BVTC
phi xc nh r trnh t vn hnh (nng cu, thay i chiu cao, gc quay) cho mi cn cu
vi, s cp treo v ng di chuyn c xt n ti trng trn my cu v sc nng ti.
6.51. Cc yu cu k thut cn tun th trong thi cng lp t kt cu nhp, khi v
cch thc kim tra theo qui nh trong bng 16.

Bng 16
Yu cu k thut

i tng kim tra

1. Tim dc theo mt bng ca kt cu nhp Mi phin dm
(hoc dm) ng st so vi ng tim ca v kt cu nhp
mng o c, l 10mm.

Cch thc kim tra

o bng my
kinh v da vo
mng tam gic
c

41

2. Nh trn, nhng kt cu nhp (hoc dm)

ng b, l 0,0005 L (L- chiu di nhp) nhng
khng ln hn 50mm.

Mi phin dm
v kt cu nhp

3. Nh trn, nhng kt cu nhp bng g, l

20mm.
4. ng tim dm thi cng lp t trn

nt

o bng my
kinh v da vo
mng tam gic
c
nt

nt

nt

kt cu nhp l 15mm.
Vic nng v h kt cu nhp.
6.52. Vic nng v h kt cu nhp bng h thng kch, bng cc loi my nng y
hoc h bng cc hp hnh tr trn, c p dng trong iu kin khng th dng my cu
mt cch thun li c. Khi nng kt cu nhp phi bo m t th lun n nh v ti
trng phn b trn mi my nng lun ng u trn im ta. Khi nng (h) kt cu nhp
bng h thng kch phi kim tra n nh ca kt cu trong trng hp chu tc ng
ng thi ca ti trng ngang do lc gi v s gia tng tng h ca im ta, gia tng
ny c tnh bng 0,01 tr s khong cch gia im ta. i vi cc im ta nhp dm
BTCT, phi gi gn sao cho phn b-tng trn mt tr khi b h hng.
6.53. Qu trnh nng (h) kt cu nhp trn h thng kch thu lc, cho php:
- nghing lch ca kch khng vt qu 0,005 tr s chiu rng b k;
- Hnh trnh t do ca pit-tng (khng t nc hlm) khng qu 15mm;
- Nng (h) kt cu nhp ng thi khng qu 2 im gn lin nhau;
- chnh cao cc gi ta nng (h) kt cu nhp theo hng dc v hng ngang
khng ln hn 0,005 tr s khong cch cc gi ta khi dng kch nng v khng ln
hn 0,001- khi dng pa-lng xch.
6.54. Khi phi h kt cu nhp t cao ln hn hoc bng 2m, nu khng th p
dng h thng my cu c th dng cc hp ct hnh tr trn l li th. Trong trng hp
, phi dng cc gii php bo m tnh n nh ca hp ct khi xy ra ti trng gi ngang
cng nh khi dm b nghing lch.
Kt cu nhp h trn cc hp ct phi thc hin mt cch ln lt v t t, sao cho
u ny ca kt cu khng c chnh cao vt hn u kia 0,005 tr s chiu di nhp.
Cho php h ng thi kt cu nhp dm thp u trn cc hp ct khi c s theo di kim
tra bngf my o c ti mi im h kt cu nhp sao cho chnh cao nt gi ta ny
so vi gi ta kia khng vt qu 5cm.
Thi cng lp hng kt cu nhp
6.55. Khi thi cng lp hng, na hng hoc lp hng cn bng cc kt cu nhp, phi
tun theo cc yu cu sau:
a) Trc khi lp hng kt cu phi tin hnh phc tra t m vic ngm gi cc khi
c lm i trng (neo) hoc lin kt cc cm khi neo, phi xc nh v tr lp hng theo
mt bng v mt ct dc, nhng cu to lm mc (du), cch thc nh hng v lin kt
chnh xc v tr cc khi lp theo h khng gian phi c qui nh trong n BVTC v
c ch dn k thut sn xut khi c.
42

b) Cc khi lp hoc cc cu kin lp phi c t vo kt cu theo ng trnh t

v tun th nghim ngt cc ch dn trong BVTC.
c) Nghim cm di chuyn cc my thit b lp hng, cc kt cu v vt liu, cng
nh bt c khi th no khc cha c xt tnh trong thit k;
d) Trong qu trnh thi cng lp phi c m bo c h thng kim tra ng b v
v tr khng gian mi cu kin c v kt cu; h thng kim tra v cc thng s kim tra
ng b phi c quy nh trong BVTC.
e) Cn phi loi tr mi kh nng va p vo kt cu lp t trong khi thi cng hng.
6.56. Ch cho php kt cu lp t hng c ta trn hai tr tm (theo s lin
tc) khi c cc my thit b c bit kim tra thng xuyn tr s phn lc c hai tr ta
theo ch dn ca thit k, c s gim st ca tc gi n v s kim tra thng xuyn ca
K s trng T vn gim st.
6.57. Cc b phn gi cu ca kt cu nhp lin tc sau khi c t ng vo v tr
thit k, phi tin hnh tho d cc khi neo i trng. Vic d b cc khi ny phi tun
theo ch dn BVTC. Cu to gi cu v neo gi cc khi phi c xt tnh n kh nng
tin hnh chnh sa v tr gi ca kt cu nhp cho ng v tr trn mt bng v mt ct dc.
a cc thit b neo gi cc khi phi theo ng trnh t qui nh ca n BVTC.
6.58. Trc khi b-tng khi neo, phi thc hin lin kt vng chc cc on
hng vo khi b-tng neo, loi tr mi kh nng phn b-tng l trc b h hng do
nhit bin i tng ln hoc do cc bin dng khc ca phn kt cu ghp ni hng.
6.59. Vic cng ko cc thanh b ct thp trong qu trnh ghp ni theo chiu di
kt cu nhp cn phi thc hin c trnh t theo ch dn ca BVTC. Trong cc kt cu c
dng keo dn ghp ni, cc ct thp chu cng ko d ng lc phi c b sung cho
sau khi keo l ng dn.
6.60. Khi to d ng lc cng hoc nn p kt cu bng cc ct thp cng cao,
ngoi vic kim tra ni lc v ng sut ko trong ct thp, cn phi kim tra vng ca
kt cu, chuyn v ca cc gi ta v cc bin dng trong b-tng, theo yu cu ca bn
thit k.
6.61. Thi cng ghp ni cc khi theo chiu di kt cu nhp bng keo dn phi t
chc sao cho khong thi gian t khi bi keo n khi nn p mi ni keo t ngn nht (ph
thuc cng ngh hoc kh nng bm dnh khi s dng mi ni keo).
Vic nn p nhanh mi ni keo y lng keo tha ra ngoi v vic t cht
keo ni phi thc hin ng u trn ton mt ct ni. Ni lc nn p ph thuc c ca
keo v kch thc b rng ca b mt dn keo. Kt thc vic nn p mt ni keo, tt c ct
thp t trong rlnh ca kt cu phi c lm sch cc vt c dnh keo.
Khi bi keo ln b mt cn ni ca khi lp lin k, phi bo m khong cch gia
cc mt u khng nh hn 0,3m; cc khi lp phi c c nh chc chn khi b x
dch gn li nhau trong qu trnh gia cng mt ni keo.
6.62. Cc yu cu k thut cn phi thc hin khi thi cng lp hng kt cu nhp
BTCT c sn, khi lng v cch thc kim tra, c qui nh theo bng 17.

Bng 17
43

Yu cu k thut
i tng kim tra Cch thc kim tra
1. sai lch cho php theo mt ct dc v Tng kt cu nhp
Quan st bng
mt bng u mt cc khi lp hng, ghp ni
my cao c, kinh
v v thc o di
theo chiu di bng keo dn, l 50mm, so vi
v tr thit k.
2. Tr s cho php nn p nhanh mi ni keo Cho mi mt ni
o bng p lc
khi lp hng khng nh hn 0,2 Mpa (2kgl/cm2).
k v lc cng
trong ct thp
3. lch cho php theo mt ct dc v mt Tng kt cu nhp
Quan st bng
bng v v tr
my cao c, kinh
tr ca cc khi lp hng, ghp ni
v v thc o di
theo chiu di bng hn hp va b-tng, l
20mm so vi v tr thit k.

Lp t cc kt cu nhp trn cu tm
6.63. Vic lp t t hp kt cu nhp theo chiu di trn h cu tm di chuyn phi
c thc hin mt cch chnh xc ph thuc cc cng c v thit b a ra phc v thi
cng.
6.64. Vic t hp ng s hnh hc theo chiu di kt cu nhp trn cc dm
di chuyn phi c o c kim tra trc theo ch dn ca BVTC v v tr khng gian ca
ng ray dng di chuyn my thi cng. Mt ct dc nh ray phi tng thch vi ng
vng n hi ca dm do chu ti trng ca khi lp v phi kt hp xem xt n cng
ngh ch to cc khi lp c lm sn trong cng xng.
6.65. Vic vn hnh thit b lp dm c thc hin thng qua b tr tho d dm
cu tm, bo m c th di chuyn dm theo hng thng ng xui chiu hoc ngc
chiu.
6.66. Khng cho php s dng my thi cng nng cu cc khi lp khc cha
c xt tnh trong thit k.
6.67. Mi phn on kt cu nhp a vo lp t phi c kim tra k lng v v
tr v phi nh v lin kt chc chn khi dn hng u tin. Vic ghp ni cc on
khi c bng hp cht keo dn phi tun theo cc ch dn v cng ngh ta khe ni, m
bo thun tin v an ton cho vic a keo vo khe.
Khi nn p cc on khi c c ghp ni bng keo phi t ng u trn
ton b mt ni v theo ng thi hn, khng vt qu qui nh k thut s dng hp cht
keo cho n khi bt u ng cng. Kt thc vic nn p mi ni keo, tt c rlnh t ct
thp cng cao phi lm sch trn ton chiu di rlnh khi b dnh keo.
6.68. Mi ni hp long ca cc phn on lp kt cu nhp c thc hin bng
b-tng ti ch. B-tng khe ni c xc nh tu theo cu to ca khe v ch dn ca
thit k.

44

6.69. Cc yu cu k thut phi thc hin khi thi cng lp t kt cu nhp dm

BTCT trn cc dm di chuyn, khi lng v cch thc kim tra c qui nh theo bng
18.

Bng 18
Yu cu k thut

1. sai lch cho php v ng tim ca

thit b lp dm v ng chy ca my cu
so ci v tr thit k, l:

i tng kim tra

Trc khi lp t
mi nhp

Cch thc kim tra

Quan st o bng
my cao c, my
kinh v

Trong qu trnh
lp t tng phn
on.

o bng thc

nt

nt

nt

nt

30mm, theo ng tim ca my lp dm

2mm, theo mt bng tim ray
2mm, theo mt bng nh ray nhng
chnh cao v nh ray trn cng mt ct bt k
khng ln hn 1mm.

2. Khe h cho php thi cng mi ni

hp long
long:
Khng nh hn 600mm, i vi khe ni
gia khi dn hng vi khi lin kt u
tin, cng nh vi cc khi l lin kt trc
bng keo dn.
Khng nh hn 400mm i vi khe h c
tri u neo ca cc khi l lp t sn
Khng nh hn chiu da ca kch v
400mm, trong trng hp phi t kch vo
khe ni cng ko ct thp cng cao.

Lao ko dc v sng ngang cc nhp cu

6.70. Vic ko v sng nhp cu phi c tin hnh di s ch huy trc tip ca k
s trng hoc i trng cng trnh. Nhng ngi l hiu bit cc quy tc thi cng thch
hp v cc quy nh v an ton k thut mi c php tham gia cng vic ko v sng
nhp cu.
6.71. Lao ko nhp cu cn c thc hin bng cc thit b y, vic di chuyn kt
cu nhp phi m bo u n vi tc cho php bng cch lp t kp thi cc tm m
lm t vt liu d trt ln, nhm trnh lao mnh dm v chch hng i.
Trong qu trnh lao ko cc nhp cu lin tc phi kim tra cc phn lc thc c ca
tr v cc bin dng trong kt cu, ph hp cc hng dn ca BVTC.
Trn nhp cu v c bit mi dn, khng c t nhng thit b v vt liu ngoi
d tnh ca BVTC.
6.72. Khi lao ko nhp cu ti nhng ni c dc dc hay c cong ng th mt
dc trt trn mi gi ta cn song song vi mt phng y dm trn cc gi gi .
Trong BVTC cn c tr b trc thit b hlm hoc cn cn thit.

45

6.73. Trong qu trnh lao ko, phi b tr sn thit b c bit theo di hng i ca
kt cu nhp m bo chun xc v tr thit k tim cu theo mt bng.
6.74. kim tra vic sng ngang nhp cu, cc ng ln phi c nh du bng
sn bn vng vi 0,001 tr s khong cch gia cc ng ln.
6.75. Trong qu trnh ko v sng nhp cu, phi kim sot c vic di chuyn dm
trn cc tr cu bng cch dng thit b m bo t ngt hot ng khi cn thit.
Trong thi gian lao ko (bng con ln ) nhp cu phi lp t h thng in m t
i ch huy n cc v tr iu khin ln trn cng trng.
6.76. Kt cu ca gio cc phn on kt cu nhp t trn ng dn phi
iu chnh c cao trnh v phi m bo khng b ln qu tr s cho php khi chu tc
ng ca trng lng cc phn on v ca my cu.
6.77. Kch thc ca b phn y trt phi c t dc theo mt pha cng hng
vi kch hot ng v d sa cha b phn trt ny.
6.78.Khi lao ko kt cu m trong rlnh dc ct thp khng c phun p va
hoc c phun p nhng cng va t nh hn 20 Mpa (200kg/cm2 ) th phi xt tnh
thm cho kt cu ny trng hp c ct thp chu lc nhng khng c lin kt vi btng.
6.79.Vic lao ko (trn con ln ) nhp cu c tin hnh vo ban ngy l thun
tin; trong sut thi gian lao ko cho n khi kt thc hon ton, phi m bo nhp cu lao
ra lun ta ln tr chnh v tr ph tm lin tip nhau.
6.80.Khi pht hin c bin dng cc b h thng di chuyn ca nhng b phn
nhp cu v nhng thit b ph tr, cng nh c s vn hnh no khng tt ca cc phng
tin di chuyn, th cn lp tc dng ngay c cc bin php x l cn thit.
Trong thi gian di chuyn nhp cu, cm lp t s dng bt k dng c thit b no
b hng hc.
6.81.Nhng yu cu k thut khi lao ko dc v sng ngang cc nhp cu BTCT
khi lng cng vic v cc phng php kim tra gim st thi cng, phi thc hin theo
bng 19.

Bng 19
Yu cu k thut
1. sai lch cho php ng tim
nhp cu lao ra so vi thit k khng ln
hn 50mm.
2. lch dch cho php mt u
nhp dm so vi u kia khi sng ngang,
khng ln hn 0,001 chiu di ca nhp
3. Dung sai cho php (theo mm) khi
b tr tm m trn nhn trong kt cu
trt khng ln hn cc tr s sau:

i tng kim tra

Mi nhp dm

Phng php kim tra

Dng my kinh v v
o bng thc.

nt

nt

46

4.
50 - i vi khe h ca cc tm m
lin k theo chiu di nhp.
2 - i vi hu s chnh v
dy ca tm m.
10 - i vi chuyn dch tng i
ca ng tim thit b ln.
4. Hiu s cho php (theo mm) v cao
trnh ca thit b sng ln trn mi tr
nh sau:
Khng ln hn 2, khi nng kt cu
nhp thay tm m.
Khng ln hn 2, i vi cao trnh
ca thit b sng ln trn mt tr
5, sai s so vi cao trnh thit k.

Tng tm m

o bng thc

nt

nt

nt

nt

Trn cc tr

nt

nt

nt

nt

Dng my kinh v

Vn chuyn v lp t nhp cu trn h ni.

6.82. Khi vn chuyn v lp t nhp cu trn h ni cn phi m bo:
a) Thc hin cc cng vic c nu trong BVTC, ph hp vi trnh t lp t c
tho thun ca c quan qun l ng sng;
b) Gi ng khe h gia phn l ra ca chng n trn h ni v di y nhp dm
cho php lp t h ni d dng, c xt n dao ng ca h do tc ng ca gi v
sng;
c) Lng th xung sng va , c xt tnh n vic b li phn thiu ht nc
x ra h ni lm cho bnh ln do c bin dng n hi ca nhp cu, cc thit b t
trn h v chnh tr ni ny.
d) B tr dy nng cp neo thch hp kp thi ghm cht vo h ni khi c ti
trng gi tng ln.
e) C hng dn v tp hun trc cc thao tc cho cng nhn thc hin trong iu
kin kh tng thu vn hoc a im xy dng c phc tp.
6.83. Trong thi gian vn chuyn hoc lao ko nhp cu trn h ni, phi lp t h
thng lin lc in thoi gia i ch huy vi cc tu ko, s lan, tr cu, v vi trm kh
tng thu vn gn nht thng xuyn nhn c cc d bo v tc v hng gi, v
lng ma v dao ng mc nc. Trn nhp cu phi t my o tc gi.
Trn h ni phi c trang b cc phng tin cu h.
6.84. Nhng yu cu k thut thc hin vic vn chuyn v lp t nhp cu cc
loi trn h ni, khi lng cng vic v cc phng php kim tra gim st thi cng, phi
tun theo cc quy nh trong bng 20.

Bng 20
Yu cu k thut
1. Lin kt cc tr ni vo u neo
c nh h ni theo mt bng vi cc tr s

i tng kim tra

Phng php kim tra

47

sai lch cho php (theo cm) so vi thit k

l:
2 - Trong thi gian ang chu ti hoc h
dm cu vo tr.

Cho tng h ni

o bng thc

10 - Khi d ti thnh tu v a h ni
nt
nt
vo v tr nhp cu.
2. Tin hnh xp hoc d trn tr Cho mi ln thao Dng thc o sng
tc
ni c xt n cc bin dng qu mc cho
php, nghing lch v chnh cao ca
mc nc cha trong cc phao thp hoc cc
khoang x lan vi sai lch so vi tr s
thit k khng ln hn 5cm.
3. Kim tra quan trc su lung di Cho tng lung Da vo nht k quan
trc
chuyn ca trc ni, m bo c khong
trng di y h ni ln hn 20cm, k t
chiu su mc nc cao nht, c tnh n
kh nng xut hin mc nc thp theo thit
k.
4. Di chuyn nhp cu trn sng v lao
ko kt cu trn tr ni theo cc tr s cho
php sau:
Khi tc gi khng ln qu 5m/s (*)
Mt ln, trc khi Dng my o tc
bt u cng vic
gi
Khi mc nc dao ng khng qu Tng gi khi di
Dng thc o sng
15cm/ngy m.
chuyn
o bng thc
5. Tc cho php khi di chuyn h Theo di thng
xuyn khi di
Dng my o bng tc
ni khng qu 10km/h
chuyn
di chuyn.
Khi
a
ra
v
a
o
bng thc
6. Khe h gia mt nh tr v mt
vo
di nhp cu khi a vo v a ra khi
nhp, khng nh hn 10cm.
(*) Khi c gi dt ln hn 10m/s, h ni phi c ghm cht vo cc im neo,
cn cc phng tin c ti trng nng (tu li t hoc h ti ) phi tho d.
Lp t gi cu
6.85. Gi cu bng cao su v cao su nha tng hp phi c t trc tip ln mt
b k gi ch to sn v m bo khng qu sai s cho php theo bng 21; cn gi cu bng
thp v gi cu hnh chu phi c t ln mt lp va xi mng - ct hoc b-tng plime
tri u trn mt b k rng bng chu vi ca gi vi dy khng qu 3cm. Cho php gi
cu thp v gi hnh chu t trn cc con k hoc cc nm iu chnh cao , sau phun
p vo khe h bng cht keo tng hp t nha poxy hoc ty bcht keo.
6.86.Trc khi phun p vo cc khe h, phi tin hnh bt kn xung quanh v t cc
ng dn tng p lc dnh kt. Theo ng chu vi ca mi gi phi t t nht l 4 ng
48

dn. ng dn phi t trc tip vo khe h (khi chn kn cht khe bng dy bn ) hoc vo
l cha sn tht di gi theo d nh ca thit k.
6.87. chn bu lng neo vo nh tr, phi dng va xi mng - ct, b-tng Plime
hoc cht keo tng hp t nha poxy c vt liu n.
6.88.Tt c gi cu cc loi a ra cng trng u phi c h s chng ch kim tra
cht lng km theo.
Trc khi lp t gi cu hnh chu, phi m bo tht trn gi, np chu v tht
chu l c p st vo nhau bng bu lng nha g lp; kim tra song song gia mt
phng ca tht v mt y chu; phi xc nh mt phng trn ca tht c cc l sn
nh v tim gi.
Mt tip xc ca gi v mt phng ln trc khi lp t phi lau chi sch s v cht
bng cht graphit hoc bi m disulphit - molipden.
6.89. Gi cu kiu di ng phi lp t theo ng thit k c tnh n nhit
khng kh thi im t gi, cng nh co ngt v t bin ca b-tng kt cu nhp.
Khi lp rp gi cu, cn nh du im gi tng quan vi v tr ban u ca tht v
v tr c nh du theo quy nh ca nhit h dm vo ng im gi.
6.90.Vic t h dm cu vo gi c tnh ton theo yu cu thit k v cu to v
theo BVTC.
6.91.Sai s cho php khi thc hin lp t gi cu, khi lng cng vic v cc
phng php kim tra gim st thi cng, phi tun theo qui nh trong bng 21.

Bng 21
Sai s cho php
1. chnh cao mt b k gi so
vi thit k trn mt tr m l 2mm.
2. nghing ca mt phng b k
gi so vi v tr mt phng ngang thit k
l 0,002 ca b rng mt k (chiu di
nht ca mt cnh b ).
3. chnh cao mt nh m tr c
t ng b gi cu thp v gi hnh
chu trn cng mt m tr l 0,001 tr s
(khong cch tim gin ch dm ch).
4. ng tim ca gi cu hnh chu
kiu di ng thng so vi hng chuyn
v theo thit k im nt gi nhp cu
l 0,005 chiu di nht mt cnh ca b
k gi.

i tng kim tra

Cho cc b k gi
nt

Phng php kim tra

o bng my thu
bnh.
o cao trnh

Cho cc m tr

o bng my thu
bnh.

Cc gi cu kiu di
ng thng.

o bng thc

7. Lp rp kt cu thp v kt cu thp lin hp BB-tng.

49

7.1. Khi lp rp cc kt cu bng thp v thp lin hp chu lc vi b-tng ct thp

(TLHBT) cn phi tun theo cc yu cu tiu chun ngnh Cu thp v kt cu thp - quy
trnh thi cng v nghim thu hin hnh v cc ch dn ca phn ny.
Nhng yu cu trong phn ny c p dng thi cng lp rp cu thp v cu
TLHBT vi cc loi lin kt: hn, ma st, bu lng, t hp, hn hp hn ma st trong mt
mt ct. i vi cc cu c lin kt inh tn, phi tun theo cc qui nh ca Qui trnh thi
cng v nghim thu cu cng l ban hnh nm 1975.
Khi lp rp phn kt cu ca thp cu treo dy vng, cu treo dy xin, cu nng
m, ngoi nhng yu cu ca phn ny, phi thc hin cc ch dn ring ca thit k cng
trnh v h s BVTC.
7.2. Tt c cc cu kin trc khi a lp rp vo kt cu cn phi c kim tra v
thc trng v ghi vo bin bn. Khi c kt cu kim loi b h hng hoc bin dng vt qu
mc cho php ca tiu chun nghim thu, tiu chun k thut hoc nhng ch dn ca thit
k khi ch to, cn lp hi ng nh gi v lp bin bn. Trong hi ng cn c s tham
gia ca i din nh thu, n v thit k, ch cng trnh v nn c thm i din ca c
quan nghin cu khoa hc - cng ngh.
Hi ng cn phi lm r nguyn nhn h hng, a ra gii php sa cha (hoc
thay mi) giao cho n v no c nhim v sa cha h hng. Bin bn kim tra gi cho
n v lp bn v lp rp kt cu.
Nhng khuyt tt do mi hn nu khng c pht hin trong xng th nh my
ch to phi chu trch nhim sa cha kt cu ngay ti chn cng trnh.
Nhng cu kin nu pht hin c nhng vt nt trn vt liu hn lan chuyn sang kim loi
c bn, hoc b tch lp mp cu kin, th phi thay.
7.3. Nhng cu kin (hoc b phn cc b ) b cong vnh, nu khng c vt gy,
ng nt v gy gc, cn phi c sa cha bng phng php gia nhit hay c nhit.
Vic sa cha bng phng php ny cn c thc hin theo ng cc quy nh hin hnh.
Tt c cc cu kin b vnh cong u phi nn sa li trc khi a vo lp rp.
7.4. Khi tho d v xp t cc chi tit kt cu thp cn t vng chc trn cc dm
k bng g dy trn 150mm, khong cch gia cc dm phi thch hp khng pht sinh
bin dng cc b. Khi xp theo nhiu tng th phi t mt lp ng so vi lp di. Chiu
cao mi chng cu kin khng c qu 1,5m. Cc bn nt, bn ph ni v nhng chi tit
nh nh khc cn c bo qun trn gi c vn ghp, cn bu lng v cc chi tit kim loi
khc c trong ln tri hoc trn k c ph kn.
Tt c cc cu kin c xp theo trnh t sau: theo vn n, theo ml s k hiu, v
theo th t a ra lp rp. Ml s ghi sn xng ch to phi c nh du v tr d
c. Trng hp ghi ml s bng sn phi dng loi sn bn mu, ghi vo hai v tr trn cu
kin trn mt thong tm mt. Vic chuyn kt cu v a vo lp rp cn thc hin c gii
ho, nhm trnh b va chm mnh cng nh trnh to ra nhng vt st lm trn b mt kim
loi v bin dng. Nghim cm dng sc ngi qung nm v lt cc cu kin.
Khng cho php hn g hoc hn nh cc thit b cu lp vo cc cu kin ca nhp
cu v kt cu chnh.
7.5. Cc phi kin lp gip thnh khi ln phi c thc hin theo trnh t cng
ngh, trn c s n thit k thi cng lp rp cc phi kin thnh khi ln.

50

7.6. lp rp cc cu kin cho kt cu nhp phi s dng lun chuyn cc gio

vn nng, sn treo, cu thang, trong qu trnh thi cng.
Khi thi cng lp rp cc cng trnh phc tp, nn s dng nhiu ln cc cu kin vn
nng hoc kt cu nh hnh, cc phng tin ni, mi dn cc x , dm gnh, cc xe
y, bn trt.vv...
Cho php tin hnh tho d cc b phn lin kt v cc chi tit tng cng khi ni
lc trong c trit tiu, tc l khi nhp cu lp rp xong l t n tr s chuyn v v
ni lc tnh ton trng thi : tr s chuyn v v ni lc trong kt cu khi kch v v tr
t kch cn dn gii trong BVTC v kim tra trong qu trnh tho d.
Cu to v lin kt lp rp
7.7. Khi thi cng nghim thu kt cu thp v kt cu TLHBT lin kt bng bu lng
CC, phi tun theo tiu chun ngnh Quy trnh thi cng v nghim thu rm cu thp lin
kt bng bu lng CC hin hnh v nhng quy nh trong h s thit k kt cu v
BVTC.
7.8. H s ma st tnh ton ph thuc phng php gia cng mt tip xc ca lin
kt nh sau:
0,58 - Gia cng bng phun ht kim loi hay phun ct, sau a ra lp rp ngay.
0,50 - Gia cng bng phun ht kim loi hay phun ct mt mt tip xc sau to
mng bo v tm thi bng cht c ch, mt bn cn li, dng bn chi thp khng c mng
bo v
0,42 - Gia cng bng la sau lp ngay.
0,35 - Gia cng bng bn chi thp sau lp ngay.
7.9. Khi thi cng nghim thu kt cu thp v kt cu TLHBT lin kt bng hn, phi
tun theo tiu chun ngnh Kt cu thp - yu cu k thut gia cng hn v nhng quy
nh trong h s thit k kt cu v BVTC.
7.10. Khng c di chuyn v nng bc bng my cu cc cu kin ln hn g vo
nhau, m phi dng cc thit b g c bit m bo cu kin khng b bin dng.
7.11. Khi lp dng kt cu nhp lin kt bng hn trn h khung , gi hoc
gio, phi m bo tr s vng xy dng ng theo thit k. Phi quan st k nhng gc
cnh v im t gy mi hn ghp ni khi chnh sa kt cu b bin dng do cc tr s ca
kt cu c n nh trong BVTC v c kim tra ngay khi hn cc khi lp ghp u tin.
Khi lp dng v hn nhng cu kin ln cng phi xt tnh n s bin dng v x dch gia
cc cu kin v tr mi ni do nh hng ca nhit ngoi tri.
7.12. Trc khi trin khai mt mi hn, phi bo cho i trng thi cng kim tra
cng vic chun b. Nu nhng mi no l chun b xong nhng qua 24 gi cha tin hnh
hn, nht thit trc khi hn phi sy kh v lau sch mt ln na, bo li cho i trng
bit.
Thi cng lp hng, na hng v hng cn bng

51

7.13. Thit k thi cng lp hng, na hng v hng cn bng phi c nghin cu
v khng nh tnh ton cc gii php m bo bn, tnh n nh, tnh bt bin ca kt
cu lp rp v cc chi tit lin kt qua cc giai on thi cng.
7.14. Cc im neo gi nhp cu c tnh ton theo iu kin m bo n nh
v tr ca h thng nhp cu - cn cu ng vi di hng ti a v c th trc khi
chu ti trng lp rp, cao hn 20% so vi ti trng tnh ton. Kt qu th nghim cc im
neo cn c lp thnh bin bn.
7.15. Khi cn kim tra tr s phn lc gi trn cc tr k tm, phi dng kch du c
ng h o hoc my to p lc thu tnh c tm cm ng.
7.16. m bo n nh chng trt dc cho nhp dm ang lp, phi ghm dm
vo u tr chnh thng qua vic bt cht tt c bu lng neo gi nu l loi gi c nh,
hoc thng qua va bu lng neo gi va chm cht cc con ln, nu l gi di ng.
7.17. Khi lp rp dm cu trong vng c ng t, phi tin hnh lp t ngay cc
b phn chng ng t theo thit k nu khng gy tr ngi trong qu trnh lp rp.
7.18. Khi thi cng lp hng cn bng hai pha ca nhp cu, khng c lp pha
ny hng cha ra sm hn pha kia mt khoang dm. ni hp long hai u hng ca
nhp cu, cn m bo c nh c s trng tim theo hng thng ng, hng ngang v
gc nghing ca cc u on ni ghp vi nhau. Vic hp long cn c tin hnh
trong mt khong thi gian ngn nht thi im nhit khng kh ngoi tri t n
nh.
7.19. V tr thit k theo mt bng v mt ct ca nhp cu lp theo phng php
hng phi c iu chnh mt cch chnh xc v v tr hnh hc t khoang lp u tin
hoc t khi khung lp u tin. Trong trng hp ny, vng xy dng phi c m
bo chnh xc qua cc l khoan sn nt lin kt, xc nh c kch thc hnh hc ca
kt cu bng cch lp cc con li v bu lng cc nt lin kt.
Vic iu chnh v tr kt cu nhp vo ng tim cu cn tin hnh ngay sau khi h
nhp dm xung m tr chnh.
Trong qu trnh lp bu lng CC lin kt theo phng php ma st phi m bo
tin hnh xit hon chnh lc tng khoang theo cch lp ui v nu chm hn, cho php
vn ra cha xit hon chnh khng qu ba khoang dm, k c khoang ang lp.
Khi thi cng lp hng kt cu nhp c lin kt dng hn hp bu lng - hn ni, phi
lp hon chnh ton b vic hn ni v xit bu lng cho tng nt, tng khoang, khng c
chm li.
7.20. Khi lp dm dng gin hoa, cn m bo s khp kn tng khoang lin tip
khng b bin hnh; khi lp rp khoang gin dng khung, cng phi m bo tng on
khng b bin hnh.
Thanh ng chu lc ko khi lp thnh khung kn tam gic, cho php dng cn cu
lp rp a mt cch chnh xc vo l lin kt, bo m sao cho kim sot c tr s
ni lc pht sinh khi lp vo v tr.
Khi lp rp ng thi mt on ca gin ch v cc b phn mt cu, phi lp
cc thanh lin kt dc v ngang sao cho m bo c n nh cc b phn lp rp ca

52

kt cu nhp. Khng cho php chm tr lp rp cc thanh lin kt dc v ngang pha trn
ca gin qu hai khoang, k c khoang ang lp.
7.21. Khi so l lin kt cc kt cu lp rp, khng c dng dng c hoc bin
php no lm lch lc v gy mo m cc l. Khng c dng thc Panme kim tra
trng kht cc l lin kt.
7.22. Vic di chuyn v nh v my cu lp t trn kt cu nhp phi thc hin
theo hng dn ca BVTC.
Vic di chuyn my cu sang khoang tip theo ch c tin hnh sau khi l to
thnh h bt bin v l lp s lng bu lng theo thit k ca khoang trc.
Cng tc chng g kt cu thp
7.23. Trc khi khi cng chng g dm cu thp v kt cu thp phi hon thnh v
nghim thu mi cng tc lp rp v sa cha xong mi sai st trn kt cu.
7.24. Trng hp chng g cu thp v kt cu thp bng phng php sn to
mng, phi theo cc ch dn v yu cu k thut ca tiu chun ngnh Sn cu thp v kt
cu thp - quy trnh thi cng v nghim thu
7.25. gio v gi treo thi cng sn phi m bo cng , ch to n gin
v bo m an ton lao ng.
Trc khi khi cng, phi th nghim gi treo theo ti trng thit k v nht thit
phi lp bin bn th nghim. i vi cc cu ang khai thc phi t gio v gi treo
ngoi kh tnh khng an ton ca cng trnh.
7.26. Nhng yu cu k thut thc hin bo v kt cu thp khi b g, khi
lng cng vic v cc phng php cch thc kim tra, phi tun theo qui nh trong bng
22.

Bng 22
Yu cu k thut

i tng
tng kim tra

1. Cc yu cu v vt liu sn ph
thuc mc n mn ca mi trng,
vng kh hu v tnh cht quan trng
ca kt cu cn khai thc, tun theo
tiu chun ngnh Sn dng cho cu
thp v kt cu thp

Theo tng l hng

2. Chun b b mt sn, thi cng sn,

tun theo tiu chun ngnh sn cu
thp v kt cu thp - qui trnh thi cng
v nghim thu

Tng cng on sn

3. dy tng cng ca mng ph,

qui nh ph thuc mc n mn ca

Sau khi sn lp cui

cng

Phng php hay cch

thc kim tra
Theo tiu chun
ngnh(22TCN) v tiu
chun Nh nc (TCVN)

Theo tiu chun ngnh

o bng my o chiu
dy mng sn kiu cm
ng in t. dy thch
53

mi trng:
n mn yu: 70 - 80 m
n mn trung bnh: khng nh hn
80 m
n mn mnh: khng nh hn 100
m

ng vi tr s trung bnh
cng ca 5 ln o.

Cng tc nghim thu

7.27. Khi lp rp cc kt cu thp v kt cu thp lin hp cn t chc kim tra
thng xuyn theo cng on.
Cc kt cu dng lp rp cng trnh trc khi sn v chu ti trng thi cng - khai
thc cn c Ban c s nghim thu. Khi nghim thu cn kim tra:
chnh xc lp rp tng b phn ring l v ton b kt cu theo kt qu kim tra
mt bng v cc mt ct bng my - thit b chuyn dng;
Khng c nhng h hng khuyt tt bn ngoi ca cc b phn lp rp;
kht cht ca v tr tip gip nhng b phn kt cu vi b mt ca m tr;
Cht lng cc mi ni hin trng v cng xng (mi hn, ni ma st, ni bu
lng,v..v...);
m bo thc hin cc yu cu ring ca thit k v iu chnh ng sut, to ng
sut trc trong kt cu nhp, v..v..;
Kt cu v b phn kt cu ph hp vi h s xut xng, s nht k thi cng, bin
bn nghim thu cng on v cc b phn n du.
Kt qu nghim thu cc kt cu dng lp rp cng trnh cn c lp thnh bin
bn.
7.28. Yu cu k thut cn thc hin khi tin hnh cng tc nghim thu, cng nh
khi lng cng vic v cch thc kim tra, tun theo qui nh trn bng 23.

Bng 23
Yu cu k thut
i tng kim tra
1. sai lch cho php v tr s
tung vng thit k so vi tr s
thc o sau khi lp t kt cu nhp
trn cc m tr (c tnh n vng
n hi do trng lng kt cu nhp,
i vi chiu cao tung (tnh theo
mm) l:
Nu nh hn hoc bng 100 - i vi dm kiu gin
cho php khng ln hn 10mm
hoa o cao trnh mt
Nu trn 100 - khng ln hn 10%
cu cc im nt
i vi dm biu bn
c, o im gia v
phn t nhp
2. chnh cao cho php (theo
nt
hng ngang) ti cc im nt kt
cu nhp sau khi lp t trn cc m
tr, (trong B l khong cch gia

Cch thc kim tra

o bng my thu bnh

nt

54

cc tim gin ch:

Cc im nt gin hoc dm ti
nt
gi - khng ln hn 0,001B.
Cc im nt cng mt danh s ca i vi dm kiu gin
cc dn ch lin k hay ca cc mt hoa o cao trnh mt
ct ngang dm ch - khng ln hn
cu cc im nt
0,002B.
i vi dm biu bn
c, o im gia v
phn t nhp
Cc im nt cng mt danh s
Tng nhp cu
ca gin ch lin k thuc cu
ng st vi t vt cu hp chun khng ln hn 8mm.
3. sai lch cho php theo mt La chn t vic o
bng ca ng tim dm chnh hoc sai lch trong mc
(3)
gin so vi thit k khng ln hn
0,0002 L (trong L - chiu di
nhp ).
4. sai lch cho php tng Cc chi tit t s quan
im nt theo mt bng so vi st bng mt pht hin
ch cong
ng thng ni hai im nt lin
k (hai pha), khng ln hn 0,001
chiu di khoang.
nt
5. cong vnh lc cho php
ca ng trc tim thanh kt cu c
chiu di L:
Cc thanh ring l ca gin ch v
nt
dm ca h mt cu - 0,001L, nhng
khng ln hn 10mm.
Cc thanh ca h lin kt - 0,0015
nt
L, nhng khng ln hn 15mm.
nt
6. phng cho php ca bn
bng dm c c chiu cao H khng
ln hn 0,003 H.
nt
7. Nh trn, khi c sn tng
cng, khng ln hn 0,006H.

nt
o bng my thu bnh

o trn mt bng

o bng thc dy cng

o bng thc v dy
cng

nt
nt
nt
nt
nt

8. Thi cng cu g
cc qui nh chung.
8.1. Cc yu cu ca phn ny ph hp i vi cng trnh cu g s dng lu di.
8.2. Trong n kt cu cu g phi nu r tt c cc quy nh v kt cu, vt liu,
phng php ch to cc b phn kt cu, trnh t lp rp ti ch cng nh cc bin php
chng mc chng chy.

55

8.3. Phi ch to cc b phn kt cu cu g ti cc nh my hoc cc bli sn xut.

Phi c gii ho n mc ti a mi qu trnh lp rp cu g.
8.4. G hng sc l vt liu ch yu dng ch to cc b phn chu lc ca cu
g. G xy dng nguyn cy phi theo tiu chun quc gia TCVN 1076, g x theo tiu
chun quc gia TCVN 1075.
Trong cc trng hp ring l, c d kin trong n thit k, cho php dng cc
loi g tt nh g si, lc ip tng, b hng, tng bch v cc loi g c tnh nng c l
tng ng.
8.5. Tu theo b phn kt cu, g x dng ch to phi c cht lng p ng cc
yu cu Tiu chun Nh nc.
8.6. G dng ch to cc kt cu chu lc phi p ng c cc yu cu v
cng c hc qui nh trong thit k. Trong cc trng hp sau y phi kim nghim
cc yu cu v cng : Mu sc g khng bnh thng v t trng thp; lp g hnh
thnh qua mi nm qu dy hoc qu mng; lng g ca lp li
i vi cc kt cu kiu gin hoa, khng cho php dng cc loi g cha qua th
nghim v cng c hc. phi tin hnh th nghim g chu p dc th (hoc chu un).
8.7. m ca g dng lm cc b phn kt cu dm cu v m tr khng c
vt qu 25%.
m ca cc kt cu kiu dn hoa khng c qu 18%. Khng hn ch m
ca g dng cho cc b phn kt cu nm hon ton di mc nc thp nht.
8.8. Khi a g x ti cng trng phi phn g theo loi mc ch s dng v theo
cht lng, phi t g ln gi c k m bng cc thanh m c tm thuc phng mc v
chng m. G x c m di 25% phi t st nhau cn g x c m ln hn 25% th
t tha.
8.9. Phi tc sch v v co sch mt g mt ngoi ca cy g v ca thng gc
vi tim dc cy g. Phi u tin dng g x dng gia cng s b (g x chuyn dng).
Phi ca u tm g x thng gc vi tim dc tm g v qut vi.
8.10. G x dng ch to cc b phn kt cu dm cu phi c hong kh t
nhin, nu thi gian xy dng hn ch, th cho php dng bin php hong kh nhn to khi
khng th phi kh ngoi tri.
8.11. Vt liu ch yu ch to cc cu kin thp chu lc tnh ton trong kt cu
g l thp cc bon thng thng s hiu CT 38 (theo TCVN 1765 hoc tng ng). i
vi cc cu kin khng chu lc tnh ton cho php dng thp s hiu CT 31.
8.12. Cc b phn kt cu g phi c b mt nhn. Nn bo mt g x v ch bo
u g cy trn nu c quy nh ring trong n thit k.
8.13. Cc kch thc v mt ct ngang ca b phn kt cu chu lc khng c
thiu ht so vi kch thc thit k qu 1/40 ng knh cy g hoc cnh tit din thanh
g. Phi o ng knh cy g u nh.

56

8.14. Phi trang b cc dng c (cc mu lm dng v cc dng c khc) ch

to cc b phn kt cu bo m gia cng c chnh xc theo mc yu cu. Sai s cc kch
thc thi cng ca cc dng c ny so vi kch thc thit k khng c vt 1mm.
8.15. Cc b phn kt cu ch to bng mu c dng bn khng c c sai s v
chiu di qu 2mm.
8.16. Nhng b mt kt cu chu p ti cc mi ni v cc mng phi c gia cng
bng ca, nhng khe h trong mi ni khng c vt 1mm, khng cho php c khe sut,
bt k khe to nh th no. Khng cho php bt cc khe trong mi ni bng cc chm,
cc ming m thp .v..v..
8.17. Cc cht, m v cc chi tit khc bng g dng lin kt cc b phn kt
cu g phi lm bng g chc c th thng v khng c bnh g k c cc mt g.
8.18. Cc l dng cho cu kin lin kt bng thp phi c khoan bng my khoan.
ng knh mi khoan phi quy nh cho ph hp vi ng knh ca bu lng.
Phi khoan cc l t bu lng neo to hn ng knh bu lng 2mm, cn i vi cc
l t bu lng lin kt th khng c c khe h.
8.19. Cc cu kin bng thp lin kt cc b phn kt cu phi ph hp vi danh
im ghi trong cc bn v thi cng, khng cho php t bt k loi m no di cc
vng m.
8.20. Cc cu kin bng thp chu lc tnh ton (thanh neo, ming p .vv... ) phi l
thp ton phin. Trong trng hp cn thit ni ghp th phi dng hn in h quang v
nht thit phi th nghim cht lng cc mi hn.
8.21. Nu cc l lp rp khng chnh xc v sai lch vi khong cch nh hn mt
na ng knh l th cm ng p bu lng vo l, m phi khoan l rng ra. Nu cc l
lch nhau nhiu hn th phi thay cc b phn kt cu mi.
8.22. Phi qut sn du, hc n hoc bitum ln trn cc phn bng thp (ming p,
thanh neo, ai c, bu lng).
8.23. Phi p dng mi bin php cn thit trnh cho cc b phn l ch to khng
b nh hng trc tip ca nh nng mt tri, ca gi v nc to iu kin cho vic lp
rp c chnh xc.
8.24. Phi ng cc v th nghim cc dng cho cu g theo ng yu cu ca phn
5 qui phm ny.
8.25. Sai s cc l ng so vi v tr thit k khng c vt qu cc tr s sau
y:
a) x dch ca cc cc c ng knh d trong mi hng theo dc x m phi
0,5d, v theo chiu ngang x m phi 0,2d.
b) Sai s cc so vi v tr thng ng hoc v tr nghing khi chiu cao phn trn mt
t l h, phi 0,03h, s lng cc cc c sai s trong tng hng c qu 2 ci, cn
trong ton b nhm cc khng c qu 10% tng s cc.
57

8.26. Phi ct cc thp nht cao 70cm trn mc nc thi cng. Phi ct u cc
bng ca v gia cng th no x m hon ton che khut cc u cc.
Khng cho php ct u cc trc khi nghim thu cc.
Trc khi t x mi phi iu chnh mi cc theo cc v tr thit k, cc u cc
phi ca bng v tt c cc b mt tip gip gia cc v mi phi c tm thuc phng
mc.
8.27. Trong mng tm kiu xp g ci ln phi phng mc k cc phn nm trong
t.
8.28. Khi h mng trng hp tr bng g xp c cht t st v nc ngm th
nht thit phi m mt lp dm dy t nht l 10cm
8.29. Nn lp rp cu g theo tng mng hoc khung khng gian (dm cu, phn
trn tr hoc mt phn ca cc kt cu gin, khung).
Phi cn c vo cc phng tin cu trc v kh nng chuyn ch chn cc phn
on cng trnh thnh tng phin lp cho thch hp.
8.30. Phi t cc b phn kt cu ln gi l c kim tra nh v v t cc
thanh m m bo ngang bng lp rp cc b phn thnh tng on.
Khi lp rp phi dng cc dng c v thit b c gii ho m bo lp nhanh v
chnh xc.
8.31. Cc phn l lp xong phi tr thnh nhng kt cu cng khng bin hnh, cho
php cu trc chuyn ch v nh v m khng nh hng ti lin kt tip im v kch
thc hnh hc.
Mun vy phi kim ton cc tng on theo kt cu tnh nh v tr bt li nht
c th xy ra v khi xt cn phi gia c bng cc thanh chng, dy neo .vv...
8.32. Trc khi t phi kim tra cc tng on v chnh xc ca kch thc, v
cht lng ch to v lp rp.
8.33. Phi kim nghim cc dm cu g kiu gin h hoc tng gin ring bit theo
ni lc sinh ra khi chuyn ch. Cm khng c t gin nm khi chuyn ch.
8.34. Ch lp rp cc on sau khi l xit cht cc bu lng, thanh neo v sa cha
cc h hng sinh ra trong khi chuyn ch.
Phng mc v chng chy
8.35. Dng cc cu g, phi thc hin mi bin php kt cu ra trong n thit
k nhm m bo cho kt cu c kh ro, thng gi v phng chng m (cc khe h cc
g che, lp cch nc).
8.36. Phi dng thuc phng mc phng cho g ca cc b phn kt cu khi
b mc.

58

Cc thuc phng mc khng c phai tan khi gp ma, khng lm gim cng
g v chu lc ca g cng nh khng gy g cc b phn thp. Ngoi ra thuc phng
mc khng c hi n sc kho ca ngi gia cng cc loi g tm thuc phng mc.
8.37. Phi khoan v c trc khi tm thuc phng mc cho g. Trong trng hp
phi gia cng thm g l phng mc t trc th ch gia cng phi tm thuc phng mc
li cn thn.
8.38. bo v cc cu g chng chy th ngoi cc bin php ra trong thit k
(sn, phng chy, lp rm ph cu gia ng ray .vv..) cn phi qut sch c, cy kh,
v bo, mu g .vv.. ra khi 2 bn b cng nh di gm cu mt khong 30m v pha
thng lu v h lu cu.
8.39. sai lch cho php khi ch to v lp rp kt cu g khng c vt qu tr
s qui nh trong bng 24.

Bng 24
sai lch cho php
1. Kch thc thc o ca mt ct ngang
cc cu kin chu lc b gim nh so vi thit
k (tnh theo ng knh ca g trn hoc
cnh bn ca x g x) 1/40.
2. cong hoc vnh ca cu kin chu
lc bng thp ghp cht vo kt cu g trong
phm vi lin kt, trn chiu di 1m - khng
ln hn 1mm, nhng khng ln hn 10mm
trn chiu di ton b.
3. kht cc mi ni cu kin chu
nn khng ln hn 2mm.

4. knh ( chnh mt phng) ca

i tng kim tra

Tng cu kin

Cch thc kim tra

o khi nghim thu

nt

o bng thc,
kim tra lin tip.

Tng v tr lin
kt chu lc

o bng thc
hoc bng thc l
o khe h
nt

nt

cc b phn ghp ni trong lin kt bng bn

ph ni, khng ln hn 2mm.
5. sai lch v su ca mng ghp Tng cu kin
so vi thit k khng ln hn 2mm.
6. sai lch v khong cch gia La chn ch c
nghi ng
ng tim ca cc bu lng chu lc, cc cht
g, cc then v cc inh g trong cc mi ni
so vi tr s thit k,
nt
i vi l vo, l 2mm.
i vi l ra, nu ngang th l 2% ca
nt
chiu dy lp ghp nhng khng ln hn
5mm; nu dc th l 4% ca chiu dy lp
ghp nhng khng ln hn 10mm.
7. sai lch v khong cch gia tim La chn v tr
cc inh gn, cc inh cht v cc inh vt ni c nghi ng
trong cc mi ni so vi thit k, trong trng
hp c bn thp ni ph cnh bn ca u Tng phin khung

o khi nghim thu

nt

nt
nt

o khi nghim thu,

theo di s nht k.
o kim lin tc
59

mt cc cu kin vi nhau, khng ln hn

2mm.
8. S lng mi ni (*) b tr so le, trn
cng mt ct khong gia on ca khung
lng ghp g trn, khng ln hn 1/3 tng s.
9. di chiu cao ca khung lng g
hoc phn cao ca kt cu g (xt n cao
chm ca kt cu v ngt kh ca g khi
gia cng ) khng ln hn 5% chiu cao.
10. Sai s cao trnh nh x m m tr
pal so vi thit k 5mm.

lng

quan st

nt

Quan st trc tip

ti hin trng

Tng v tr m tr
pa l

o bng thc
hoc my kinh v

nt

o khi nghim thu

(dng my kinh v
hoc dng thc o
vi ng dy
cng)
nt

11. nh v theo mt bng ca mt Tng v tr m tr

nh m tr bng kt cu g so vi ng tim
nh v ca cu khng ln hn 20mm.
12. sai lch theo chiu thng ng
hoc xin theo thit k ca mt bn kt cu
m tr kiu khung pa l g (vi chiu cao ca
pa l l H) khng ln hn 0,005H.
13. sai lch (theo mm) v kch thc
ca kt cu nhp cu g so vi thit k khng
ln hn:
a) 20, vi chiu di nhp n 15m.
b) 30, vi chiu di nhp trn 15m.
c) 10, vi chiu cao cu n 15m.
d) 20, vi chiu cao cu trn 15m.
e) 5, vi khong cch gia cc im
nt thanh m gin cu.

pa l
nt

Dng thc o di

Tng v tr m tr
pa l

nt

Ghi ch: im (8)

(*) - khng cho php c mi ni on u mt.
9. Cng tc p t trn cng v quanh m cu.
Gia c mi dc.
p t trn cng v quanh m cu
9.1. Cng tc p t trn cng thot nc v xung quanh m cu c thc hin
sau khi kim tra cht lng t p v kim tra i chiu theo yu cu thit k v thi cng
xy dng kt cu, lp t h thng thot nc v chng thm.

60

9.2. Khi tin hnh p t trn cng v xung quanh m cu, ngoi cc yu cu quy
nh trong phn ny ca qui phm, cn phi p ng cc yu cu ring ca n thit k.
9.3. Khi thi cng cng, khong trng h mng cn c lp y t m cht
ngay sau khi nghim thu phn mng. Khng c p lp khong trng ny khi trong h
cn nc.
9.4. Khi p t ln cng, trc tin phi p khi lng th t hai bn ng cng,
sau mi p tip n cao trnh thit k.
Cc phng tin giao thng ch c php i qua cng va lp t khi l lp xong
t ln nh ng cng mt lp dy t nht 1m, cn i vi my i qua - t nht l 0,5m.
Vic p khi lng th t cn c tin hnh di s gim st ca bn ch u t
hoc t vn gim st v c bin bn xc nhn.
Vic p t cn thc hin theo qui trnh m nn t xy dng hin hnh.
9.5. Phi ch t bit n cht lng m nn nhng ch kh t nh phm
vi phn t y di ng trn, ch chuyn tip gia cc on ng, mt ngoi li lm ca
ng tn thp ln sng, vv....
9.6. Khi t cng trn sn dc, vic p t trn cng cn c bt u t pha
di thp, c bit ch m cht cn thn tng lp t. cao p pha di phi lun
lun cao hn cao t pha trn.
9.7. Vic p t mng m cu cng nh p phn t sau m (theo chiu di bng
chiu cao p sau m cng thm t nht l 2m k t ui m, ngang vi mt t t nhin ti
). v p trong phm vi tng chn ca m, phi dng loi t thm nc tt vi h s
thm khng nh hn 2m/ngy m.
Vic m nn tng lp t t nn m cu, t p trong phm vi tng chn u
phi c m cht bng my m rung hoc my m treo.
9.8. Nhng yu cu k thut p t trn cng v quanh m cu, khi lng v cch
thc kim tra c qui nh theo bng 25.

Bng 25
Yu cu k thut

i tng kim tra

1.B rng khang trng p lp cng

khng nh hn 10m v khng nh hn 4m
t chn mi p n cng.
2. Kch thc lng t:
Mt trn - khng thp hn nh cng
Mi dc - khng dc qu 1:5.
3. Nhng loi t c xt dng lm
nn t di cng tn thp, dng p lng
th t hai bn cng tn thp: ct ht va,
ct ht to, si, dm, si, t latrt
c ng knh ht khng ln hn 50mm.
4. p lng th t bn cnh cng BT
v BTCT cho php dng cng loi t p
nn ng.

Khong trng cho

tng v tr t cng

Phng php hoc

cch thc kim tra
o bng thc cun.

Lng th t cho
tng cng

o bng thc dy
v thc ch A.

nt

Quan st v theo tiu

chun v phn tch
mu t

Lng th t cho
tng cng

Quan st

61

5. p vo khong trng gia vch h

nt
v mt bn mng cng: p u tng lp
ngang ng thi hai bn cnh mng, theo
dy m nn cho php ca tng lp.
6. Chiu dy (theo m) cho tng lp t
p c m cht:
Cho tng lp
a) 0.40 - 0.45, i vi t st c
m cht bng my lu chuyn dng.
nt
b) 0.50 - 0.65, i vi t ct c
m cht bng my lu
nt
0.20 - 0.25, i vi t ct c m
cht bng my m hi p.
c) n 0.15, i vi t ct c m
nt
cht bng my rung cm tay.
7. H s cht ca lng th t p Theo mt ngang
cao 0.25 - 0.5 v
cng tn thp: 0,95
0.75 d ca hai bn
cng vi khong
cch 0.1 v 1.0m k
t thnh bn cng khng t hn 2 mu
cho mi im o.
8. H s cht ca lng th t p Cho mi lp m
cng BT v BTCT: 0.95.
cht. Khong cch
o k t thnh cng
ra 0.6 n 1.0m
9. H s cht ca t p trn nh Cho mi lp m
cng c chiu cao trn 2m: 0.85 - 0.95.

Dng my o
cht

o bng thc
nt
nt
nt
Dng my o
cht thch hp

nt

nt

Cng tc gia c mi dc
9.9. Nh thu thi cng phi d tnh trc phn vic gia c mi dc lc mc nc xut
hin thp nht, p ng dn trn b bli sng; d tnh trc phn t ct cho vic gia c
bo v mi dc v cng trnh chnh tr dng chy. cho php p cp t vo cng trnh nu
m bo m nn t n cht thit k. Phi thu dn trc cc vt th ln ngn (vt liu
ph thi, hc ri ln, gc cy...). phm vi thng xuyn b ngp chm trong nc ca
mi dc cc cng trnh gia c b hoc y dng sui, tin hnh sa sang hoc cp thm
theo yu cu ca thit k, m khng cn m cht t sau ny.
9.10. Nhng phin hc, BT hoc BTCT dng gia c mi dc, nhng cu kin dng
ph mt dc dng li cn c ch to v lp t theo ch dn ca thit k c tnh n iu
kin thi cng vng ngp nc thng xuyn hoc vng b ngp nc c chu k.
9.11. Cc phin lp v khi lp to thnh lp ph dng li t trn mi dc cn tin
hnh t di chn ln mt mi ca cng trnh. Khe ni ca cc phin lp phi c trt kn
ni lin trc khi mi dc b ngp nc. phm vi thng xuyn b ngp chm trong nc
ca mi dc cc cng trnh gia c b hoc y sng sui, vic to dng lp ph mm bng
62

cc phin c sn phi c xp t theo c, din tch phi xp gia c ln hn 100m2 di

dng vy c vi phin n chm ln phin kia 0,5 - 1,5m, bng cch dng thit b cu ni
chuyn dng, ph hp qui nh ca BVTC; trong trng hp ny khe ni gia cc phin
khng phi trt kn.
9.12. Nhng yu cu k thut v cng tc gia c mi dc, phng php v cch thc
kim tra, c qui nh theo bng 26.

Bng 26
Yu cu k thut

i tng kim tra

1. sai lch b mt t mi dc so vi
thit k 5cm.

2. nh gi cht lng sn xut vt liu

2 im o trong
phm vi ng
knh ca bc chn
do thit k ch nh
1 ln theo l vt
liu

Phng php hoc

cch thc kim tra
Dng thc o mi
dc
Theo tiu chun
ban hnh

cho cng trnh : dm, si, hn hp ct - si

theo TCVN v TCN.
Dng thc o
3. Chiu dy t nht (theo cm) ca lp 1 ln vi din tch
2
mt mi 200m
ph gia c:
10 - khi lp t bng tay.
15 - khi lp t bng my cu.
nt
Dng thc o mi
4. sai lch b mt ca lp ph gia c
dc
( bng) + 3 cm trn on nn 5m.
5. nh ga cht lng vi (KT) a Hng xut ca hlng Theo tiu chun th
nghim vt liu vi
k thut (lm lp ph): h s thm Kf - ch to vi a k
thut
KT.
0,02cm/s, ln cht khng nh hn
500gr/m2 cng bn t gy khng nh
hn 30kg trn di rng 5cm.
6. Phn chng mp cho php khi ni ghp 1 ln o trn chiu
o bng thc.
cc di vi KT khng nh hn 10cm khi di ni ghp 50m.
khu hoc dn lin mp.
7. nh ra ca mp phin BT v BTCT 1 ln o cho b mt
nt
lin k khng ln hn 10mm, b rng cc khe
mi dc 100m2.
h ca kt cu khng trt mch khng ln
hn 10mm; khi khe rng ln hn phi trt
mch khe .
10. Lp t mt cu
Lp t kin trc tng trn cu ng st
10.1. ng trn cu phi p ng cc yu cu ca ng trong khu gian. Kt cu
ca ng v mt cu phi t cng bn v n nh sao cho m bo an ton v m
thun cho on tu qua khng hn ch tc , cng nh s ln bnh ca on tu trong
trng hp b trt bnh.

63

10.2. Khi ri lp ba lt xung quanh np l thot nc mt cu, phi ph trc mt

lp dm hoc cui to kch c 80 120mm ln trn np. Khi ri v m cht ba lt,
cng nh khi t ng, phi c bin php bo v tng phng nc khi b h hng.
10.3. T vt cu t trn nh tng u m phi c chnh sa chiu cao sao cho
k ta bng u trn ton b b mt nh tng v c neo gi cht.
10.4. Tt c cc rlnh khc v l khoan trn t vt lun bu lng, inh gm, bu
lng mc, u phi c phng mc, cc khe nt trn g phi c phun thuc phng mc,
cc u mt t vt c ai bng thp dt. Trn t vt u c nh du nm lp t.
10.5. Trng hp t vt t trn u m inh tn hoc bu lng ca x thp, phi c
rlnh cha sn mt di t vt.
10.6. Cc vn lt dc trn mt cu u di ng ca kt cu nhp cn c ct on
cha sn m bo gi nguyn khi c s bin i nhit v v dch ca kt cu nhp.
10.7. Vic thi cng lp t mt cu kiu ray t trc tip ln bn BTCT, khng c
ba lt, cn thc hin theo ch dn ca thit k, c tnh n yu cu ca c quan qun l
ng st.
10.8. Trc khi cho php ti trng on tu i qua, vic lp t mt cu phi c s
tham gia ca bn i din cng qun l ng st.
Nhng sai st l pht hin cn phi c khc phc trc khi cho ti trng an tu
qua cu.
Khng cho php m cu cho on tu qua khi cha c s xem xt ca thit k v
tng phng nc chng thm nc cho mt cu.
10.9. Nhng yu cu k thut khi lp t kin trc tng trn ng st, khi lng
v cch thc kim tra thi cng, c qui nh theo bng 27.

Bng 27
Yu cu k thut
1. Sai s cao trnh nh ray so vi tr
s tung thit k tuyn:
Khi chnh cao nh hn 50mm
khng ln hn 4mm.
Khi chnh cao ln hn 50mm
khng ln hn 8%.
2. Sai lch ng tim ray theo mt
bng so vi v tr thit k ( theo mm):
Trn on tuyn thng vi mt cu
khng c ba lt khng ln hn 30;
Nh trn, vi mt cu c ba lt
khng ln hn 50;
Trn on tuyn cong, vi mt cu
khng c ba lt khng ln hn 20;

i tng kim tra

Cch thc kim tra

Tng nhp cu

o bng my thu bnh

nt

nt

nt

o bng my kinh v

Tng nhp cu

nt

nt

nt

64

Nh trn, vi mt cu c ba lt
khng ln hn 30;
3. Nhng yu cu khi lp t t vt:
s b tr theo thit k tnh c gia t
vt (khng k t vt t trn x ngang)
10 15cm.
Khe h gia t vt v cnh trn ca
x ngang khng nh hn 1,5cm.
T vt t trn cu kin ca h lin kt
bn nt khng cho php.
su khc t vt trong phm vi t
ln cnh ca x dc h mt cu dm
thp, 5 30mm.
4. Nhng yu cu v mng ba
lt (theo cm):
Chiu dy ba lt di t vt
khng t hn 25
Chiu dy ba lt di t vt ti a
khng ln hn 60
Dung sai v chiu dy lp ba lt 5.
5. Dung sai tnh c mp trong ca
ray chnh v ray h bnh so vi tr s
thit k khng c ln hn 10 mm.
6. Mt nh ray h bnh phi thp
hn ray chnh khng qu 5mm.

nt

o bng my thu bnh

Tng nhp cu

o bng thc

nt

Bng quan st

Tng rlnh khc

o bng thc

Tng t vt

nt

nt

nt

nt
Theo chiu di ray

nt
o bng dng

nt

nt

Lp t cc b phn mt cu
10.10. Trc khi lp t cc b phn mt cu phi thc hin hon thnh mi cng
vic v lp rp kt cu nhp, trt kn cc khe h ni ph; b tr v kn cc kt cu khe co
dln, ng thot nc, cc rlnh nc, hng ro lan can, ph kin gn trn phn xe chy ca
bn mt tim cu v k c vic t ng bc dy thng tin.
Vic b tr cu to mt lp b-tng ph ln mt cu c chc nng va lm lp mt
va cch nc, c php lun ti ch cng vi cc khe ni dc gia cc phin dm ca
kt cu nhp.
10.11. i vi nhng lp ph b-tng nha ng hoc b-tng xi mng ca phn
mt cu c chc nng lm phng v bo v, cn s dng loi hn hp m bo c yu
cu thit k v kh nng chng nt rn do nhit thay i (ph hp vi vng xy dng) v
kh nng chng thm nc.
Hn hp b-tng cng vi cc cht ph gia khc m bo bn khai thc, khng
b trn trt d ht m hoc nc mt, t nhng ch tiu k thut thit k. Cm s dng
cc cht ph gia ng cng nhanh, d gy n mn ct thp.
Li s dng lm ct cho lp b-tng mt cn phi c co sch g.
Khng c dng dy thp an thnh li lm ct cho lp ph bo v mt cu.

65

10.12. Lp ph mt cu (lp lm phng chu n mn) c th p dng kt cu btng vi ht t nung (b-tng kramzit) hoc b-tng nha vi ht nh.
10.13. Vic sn xut v nghim thu thi cng lp ph mt cu bng b-tng kramzit
hay b-tng nh cn thc hin theo ng cc qui nh ring ca tiu chun ngnh.
Nu qu trnh thi cng ri mt pht hin cn c lp m v b ph thm iu
chnh mt ct dc trn cu t m thun th phi c s tho thun nht tr ca c quan thit
k.
Khi lp t cc cu kin trn mt cu, cn m bo lin kt kn lp o ng vi cc
kt cu khe co giln, lan can tay vn v cc khi xy va ng ngi i b.
10.14. Vic lp t cc bn dn chuyn tip t nn ng vo u cu ng i b
phi thc hin theo mt trnh t v thi gian n nh trong thit k, c tnh n cu to ca
bn, c trng ca t p sau m v lp nn t bn dn ny.
Nu c bn ch cng trnh cho php, c th thi cng lp mt ng tm thi
phm vi tip gip gia cu v ng hoc lp t tm thi cc bn dn ri tip tc o c
theo di mt thi gian t n nh, mi y m cht phn trn ca lp mt v lp t
hon chnh cc bn dn theo ng thit k.
10.15. Khi lp t cc ng ray trn mt cu dng cho tu chy in, cn t theo
yu cu ca tiu chun ring chuyn ngnh.
10.16. Lp t h thng thng tin v h thng chiu sng trn cu, phi thc hin
theo qui nh ca cc c quan chuyn ngnh, c xt n cc yu cu ph hp vi tiu chun
xy dng.
Khi thc hin cc cng vic v lp t h thng thng tin qua cu, khng c hn
nh cc chi tit, cc rlnh l, cc inh mc ln kt cu cu, nu khng c s tho thun ca
c quan t vn thit k.
10.17. Vic chng thm cho cng trnh cn thc hin theo ng ch dn thit k v
ph hp cc qui nh ca qui trnh hin hnh l c duyt.
10.18. Cc vt liu c dng lm lp chng thm phi ph hp vi hng dn
ca bn thit k v c tnh v yu cu sn phm, v iu kin k thut ch to sn phm.
Khng cho php s dng cc vt liu chng thm nu khng c chng ch km theo. Trong
mi trng hp khi quan st pht hin nghi ng v cht lng vt liu th cn tin hnh
kim chng trong phng th nghim theo cc tiu chun sn phm tng ng ca ngnh v
Nh nc ban hnh.
10.19. Vic chng thm cho cc phin dm cu ng st phi thc hin sn trc
trong nh my ch to.
10.20. Cc loi ng thot nc v ng lun cp in phi c nh v tr trc khi
b-tng kt c. Khng c dng cc nt g thay vo v tr cc ng trong qu trnh
b-tng.
10.21. Vic thi cng lp chng thm trn cng trnh cn c thc hin trong iu
kin thi tit kh ro trong ngy.

66

10.22. Mp ni ghp cc cun vi chng thm hoc cc cun li thp an ri mt

cn c xp chng ln nhau, c xt n hng thun dng chy ca nc mt.
10.23. Phi tin hnh ri lp vi chng thm cc b cc v tr t ng thot nc
v ct in trc khi ri chng thm trn ton b mt cu. Vic ri b sung vi chng thm
cc thnh ng thot nc v ming ng lng kim loi phi c thc hin trc khi qut
lp bi tum ph ln mt ngoi.
Tt c cc khe h gia cc ph kin ng thot nc phi c thi cng mt cch cn
thn v t m.
Cc mp ng tip gip ca lp phng nc vi ng thot nc khng c lm mp
m gy ng nc trn mt cu.
10.24. Khi thc hin cc cng vic chng thm cho cng trnh cn kim tra cht
lng tng phng nc ph hp yu cu thit k v cc tiu chun k thut hin hnh, kim
tra kn kht ca ng thot nc v khe co dln, cng nh kim tra cc ch tip gip ( gc
cnh, mp bin, mp va, ct in ) v cht lng lp to dc, tng phng nc v lp
bo v.
Trong cc lp chng thm khng c n ng cht keo dn, khng c np un
gp, khng b xuyn thng v cc h hng c hc khc. Nhng h hng pht hin tng
lp chng thm cn c p v li.
10.25. Ch cho php lm lp bo v mt cu sau khi l nghim thu hng mc thi
cng tng phng nc, km theo bin bn l kt thc cng vic.
10.26. Trn bn thp trc hng lm mt cu ca kt cu nhp thp vnh cu phi
m bo kt cu mt gm nhiu lp, trong c lp chng g mt thp, lp to nhm b
mt bng cch dng cng gm kt, v tng ph b-tng nha theo kt cu hai lp.
Trong trng hp a vo thnh phn lp to nhm ng thi c chc nng bo v
mt thp th khng phi lm lp chng g na.
10.27. Vic chng thm bo v mt thp bn mt cu cn c thc hin bng cch
lm sch mt kim loi, ty ht vt sn v vy bm b mt bng cch phun ct thi kh.
10.28. Thi gian gin on k thut gia kt thc lm sch b mt v bt u thi
cng lp chng g bn mt cu trc hng khng c qu 7 gi vi m khng kh n
70% v 3 gi vi m cao hn.
10.29. Sn ph lp bo v chng g mt cu thp bng my nn kh hoc my ri
khng c p kh; khng c dng chi qut ln mt lm lp chng g.
10.30. Vic thi cng lp ph mt chng g khng c li khuyt tt nh: b
bng lng, c bt kh, b nhn nhm, c l h, c ch cha sn. Khng cho php c nhng
ch bong trc v c vt g.
Khng cho php ngi v xe my thi cng i li trn lp ph mi sn.
10.31. Trc khi lm tip lp to nhm bo v trn nhng phn l sn ph chng g,
cn c s hng dn ca n v lm th nghim vt liu v ghi nhn trong nht k thi cng.

67

10.32. Tt c cc thnh phn hn hp plime ca lp bo v to nhm khi a ra s

dng phi trn u cn thn, xi mng phi kh mn, cn cht liu nha phi c kh nc.
10.33. Hn hp plime cn c ch to theo trnh t sau: nha than c un
nng n nhit khng qu 600C, sau nha tng hp v du thng theo t l khi
lng cn thit nho trn u, rc bt xi mng poc lng, rt nha than l chng vo
v tt c thnh phn c trn u; cho cht lm rn vo hp cht ri li o trn cn thn.
Thi gian t lc ch to xong hn hp plime n khi ri lng ln mt bn thp
khng c qu 20 30 pht.
10.34. Ngay sau khi lng lp bo v to nhm cn ri tip loi dm cng (
grant), kh sch ln b mt bn thp, trc khi hn hp bt u ng cng.
10.35. Ch sau 4 5 gi lm xong lp to nhm, ngi mi c th qua li trn lp
va ri, sau 24 gi cc phng tin thi cng c gii mi c php qua li. khi b h
hi lp to nhm mi ri, cn rc mt lp ct mng di 5mm nhm lp k h dm.
Trc khi ri lp ph b-tng nha phi qut ht ct bng chi, cn b mt th phun
nc ra sch.
10.36. Lp ph b-tng nha cn c thi cng theo kt cu hai lp b-tng nha
nng theo tiu chun k thut mt ng b-tng nha l ban hnh.
10.37. Nhng yu cu k thut cn phi thc hin khi thi cng lp mt ng xe
chy trn cu, vic kim tra trong thi cng, cng nh khi lng v cch thc kim tra,
c qui nh theo bng 28.

Bng 28
Yu cu k thut
1. Li ct thp lm lp ph mt

i tng kim tra

Cch thc kim tra

Trn tng cu

Kim tra theo tiu

chun vt liu v theo
n thit k.
o bng nhit k

cu
2. Nhit khng kh ngoi tri
cho php khi lp t tng phng nc
khng thp hn 100C.
3. Nhit thi cng cc hn hp
cht c mattc nha ng nng l 160
1800C.
4. Phn chng v phn chp mp
ni cun vi ngn nc v cun li
thp ri mt khng nh hn:
100mm, phn chng lp u
tin.
300mm, phn chp mp cc lp k
tip, tng ng vi mp ni ca lp
trc.
5. Phn ph cc b nhng ch h
hng ca lp phng nc bng cch v
rng ra t mp ch hng khng nh hn

nt
Cho mi m trn
mattc.

nt

Cho mi lp

o bng thc

nt

nt

Cho mi ch hng

nt

68

200mm.
6. Thi cng tng ph mt trn bn
thp trc hng:
Nhit khng kh ngoi tri
khng thp hn 100.
Khng c cht bn nhim du m
trn mt bn.

Tng cng trnh

o bng nhit k

Tng mt bn thp

Quan st, dng vi

trng thm cc vt nghi
ng c du m
o bng my o
dy in t s.

nhm b mt t yu cu thit
nt
k v qua phng th nghim dy cc
lp ph:
Lp chng g, khng nh hn La chn im o
60m (tng ng loi sn chng g dy o bng trung bnh
cng ca 5 ln o
poxy km)
Lp to nhm v bo v dy 2,5 Tng m trn (tr s
4mm. Bng hn hp plime:
trung bnh ca 3 mu)

nt
Theo qui nh ca
phng th nghim

T l khi lng cc cht trong hn

hp
Thnh phn dm kch c 10 Trn trn din tch mt Quan st o bng thc
20mm, khi lng 6 8kg trn 1 m2 0,5m2. Khong cch
mt.
gia cc hn dm
khng qu 50mm.
B -tng nha mt cu phn xe Mt l khot thm d Theo tiu chun ngnh
chy, l 7cm.
din tch 7000m2,
v kt cu b-tng
Phn ngi i b, l 3cm.
nhng khng t hn 3
nha ng nng.
l cho mt nhp cu.
11. Nghim thu cng trnh
hon thnh
11.1. Khi nghim thu cc cng trnh cu v cng (nghim thu tng th) l hon
thnh a vo khai thc cn thc hin cc yu cu ca php lut v qun l u t v xy
dng v Tiu chun Nh nc v Nghim thu cc cng trnh xy dng.
11.2. Tt c ti liu nghim thu cho khai thc cu cng a vo s dng cn c
lp thnh vn bn theo qui nh ca Nh nc, c chun b theo mu biu ca cc tiu
chun l nu iu 11.1.
11.3. Trc khi nghim thu cu cng l xy dng xong a vo khai thc, cn xem
xt kim tra tnh ph hp h s thit k l c duyt cng nh cc yu cu v nh mc
v tiu chun cht lng cng vic xy dng cng trnh. Khi nh gi cc th nghim cng
trnh cn tun th theo yu cu ca Tiu chun ngnh v Th nghim cu.
11.4. Cc cu c ng dng tin b k thut ln u v cu ln c bit, nu thuc
i tng phi th nghim trc khi a vo khai thc, cn s dng phng tin c ti trng
tng ng hoc khng nh hn 80% ti trng thit k trn tuyn ng o c
nh gi cht lng cng trnh.

69

Vic t chc th nghim cu phi do c quan c thm quyn quyt nh. Kt qu

th nghim cn c lp thnh bin bn, c s tham gia k kt ca i din cc bnch u
t, t vn thit k v qun l khai thc.
11.5. Trc khi nghim thu cng trnh a vo khai thc lng sng di cu v khu
cng, cn tin hnh dn sch cc vt cn; ng chui di cu vt cn c m bo
ng tr s cao trnh thit k; trn cu v ng dn vo cu cn t cc bin bo cc tiu,
bin bo hiu ng sng; th nghim h thng chiu sng, vn hnh th cc thit b lp
t trn cu; cho chy th h thng c in iu khin ng m cu kiu nng ct; hon
thnh v th nghim cc h thng bo v v cc cng trnh ph tr iu tit dng chy du
lng; lp t (nu cn thit) cc khung cng khng ch kh tnh khng; hon chnh h
thng phng chy l c tr tnh trong thit k.
11.6. Khi c nhng sai lch v v tr v kch thc kt cu ca cu cng l thi cng
so vi thit k c pht hin trong qu trnh o c kim tra bng cc my thit b
chuyn dng, vic xem xt nh gi th nghim cn c xut pht t gc kh nng
chu ti v cht lng khai thc ca cng trnh. c bit ch trng nh gi vic thc hin
cc yu cu v kch thc kh gii hn ca cu, cc kch thc ca khe phng nhit v khe
co giln, chuyn v ng ca gi cu so vi trc tim gi ( nghing ca trc ln ) vic
xut hin b phn hoc kt cu cng trnh mt lch tm ph, ph hp lch cho php
l tnh trong thit k.
Khi nghim thu cng trnh a vo khai thc, vic gim kh nng chu ti theo tnh
ton tng b phn hay tng kt cu ring bit l lp rp, do pht hin c sai lch v v tr
v kch thc, khng c vt qu 5%.
11.7. Vic s dng cu cng cha xy dng xong nhng cn khai thc theo tng b
phn hoc tng kt cu l xong ca cng trnh cho cc phng tin thi cng c gii hn
tip tc hon thnh xy dng, cn c xem xt ngay trong BVTC.
Vic thng xe k thut nh vy cn c bn ch cng trnh xc nh sau khi
nghin cu tnh trng k thut ca b phn kt cu l xy dng xong, c s tham gia ca
i din t vn thit k; vic xem xt ny cn m bo an ton cho cc phng tin qua li,
c km theo cc yu cu v tc nghip v tc di chuyn ca phng tin trn kt cu.
11.8. Cng tc nghim thu cho khai thc tm thi cu cng ng st cha hon
thnh xy dng xong cn c tin hnh theo trnh t lm qun l c B GTVT hoc c
quan qun l chuyn ngnh ng st (c B u quyn) ph duyt.
Vic khai thc tm thi cc cu cng ng st ch c php vi iu kin l xy
dng phn chnh ca cc cu cng l hon thnh, kt cu cng trnh l c kim tra
v th ti (nu thuc i tng th nghim l tr tnh trc).

70

Ph lc 1.
(Ch dn)
Gii thch cc ch tt dng trong qui phm
------------------------------------------BT b tng.
BTCT b tng ct thp.
BTDUL - b tng d ng lc.
BVTC bn v thi cng.
CC - cng cao.
CTTBPT cng trnh v thit b ph tr.
KT - a k thut.
GTVT giao thng vn ti.
ML - mng li o c.
TCXD t chc xy dng.
TLHBT thp lin hp chu lc vi b -tng ct thp.
TVTK t vn thit k.

TVGS t vn gim st.

Ph lc 2.
(Bt buc)
Danh mc cc tiu chun lin quan
K hiu

Tn tiu chun

22 TCN 60 84

Qui trnh th nghim b-tng xi mng

22 TCN 62 84

Qui trnh th nghim b-tng nha.

71

22 TCN 63 84

Qui trnh th nghim vt liu nha ng.

22 TCN 68 84

Qui trnh th nghim cng khng p ca b-tng bng dng c

HPS.

22 TCN 227 95

Tiu chun phn loi nha ng c ( bi tum c ) dng cho

ng b.

22 TCN 57 84

Qui trnh th nghim cc ch tiu c l ca .

22 TCN 58 84

Qui trnh th nghim bt khong cht dng cho b-tng nha

ng.

22 TCN 61 84

Qui trnh phn tch nc dng trong cng trnh giao thng.

TCVN 337 86 n
346 - 86

Ct xy dng.

TCVN 4376 86

Ct xy dng phng php xc nh hm lng mica.

TCVN 1770 86
n 1772 - 86

Ct, , si xy dng.

TCVN 139 91

Ct tiu chun th xi mng

TCVN 4195 86
n 4202 86

.t xy dng.

TCVN 4447 87

Cng tc t Qui phm thi cng v nghim thu.

TCVN 2683 - 91

.t xy dng

TCVN 4506 87

Nc cho b-tng v va.

22 TCN 57 84

Qui trnh th nghim cc ch tiu c l ca .

TCVN 4029 85
n 4032 85

Xi mng.

TCVN 4787 89

Xi mng.

20 TCN 65 89

Qui nh s dng hp l xi mng trong xy dng.

TCVN 3105 1993

n 3111 1993

Hn hp b-tng nng v b-tng nng

TCVN 3112 1993

n 3120 1993

B-tng nng

72

TCVN 5726 1993

B-tng nng, phng php xc nh cng lng tr v muyn

n hi khi nn tnh.

22 TCN 60 84

Qui trnh th nghim b-tng xi mng.

TCVN 4252 88

Qui trnh lp thit k t chc xy dng v thit k thi cng.

TCVN 3972 84

Cng tc trc a trong xy dng.

TCVN 4055 85

T chc thi cng.

TCVN 5724 1993

Kt cu b-tng v b-tng ct thp. iu kin k thut ti thiu

thi cng v nghim thu.

TCVN 5592 1991

B-tng nng. Yu cu bo dng m t nhin.

20 TCN 171 89

B-tng nng. Phng php khng ph ho s dng kt hp my

o siu m v sng bt ny xc nh cng nn.

TCVN 4453 1995

Kt cu b-tng v b-tng ct thp ton khi. Qui phm thi cng

v nghim thu.

TCVN 4452 87

Kt cu b-tng v b-tng ct thp lp ghp. Qui phm thi cng

v nghim thu.

22 TCN 209 92

Qui trnh thi cng b-tng di nc bng phng php va dng

22 TCN 202 89

Qui trnh s dng cht ph gia tng do cho b-tng xi mng.

22 TCN 79 84

Qui trnh thi cng vt liu xi mng li thp.

22 TCN 247 98

Qui trnh thi cng v nghim thu dm cu b-tng d ng lc.

22 TCN 248 98

Vi a k thut trong xy dng nn p trn t yu.

22 TCN 204 91

Bu lng cng cao dng cho cu thp.

22 TCN 24 84

Qui trnh thi cng v nghim thu dm cu thp lin kt bng bu

lng cng cao.

22 TCN 235 97

Sn dng cho cu thp v kt cu thp.

64 TCN 92 95

Sn tn hiu giao thng dng lng trn nn b-tng nha ng.

22TCN 253 98

Sn cu thp v kt cu thp. Qui trnh thi cng v nghim thu.

73

22 TCN 217 1994

Gi cu cao su ct bn thp. Tiu chun ch to, nghim thu, lp

t.
Qui nh k thut b tr, lp t gi cu cao su ct bn thp.

20 TCN 170 89

Kt cu thp. Gia cng, lp rp v nghim thu. Yu cu k thut.

22 TCN 200 89

Qui trnh thit k cc cng trnh ph tr thi cng cu.

20 TCN 160 - 87

Kho st k thut phc v cho thit k v thi cng mng cc.

22 TCN 257 - 2000

Cc khoan nhi - Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu.

TCVN 4091 - 85

Nghim thu cc cng trnh xy dng.

22 TCN 170 - 87

Qui trnh th nghim cu.

Ph lc 3.
(bt buc )
mu biu nht k thi cng
B giao thng vn ti
Tn tng cng ty
Cng ty (x nghip)

Tn cng trnh:

S nht k giao cho:

Ngy .. thng.. nm...

74

Giam c cng ty (x nghip)

.........................
( ch k)

75

s nht k cng trnh s

Cng trng:

qua sng:

ti Km:

ng st (b)

I - Thuyt minh v cch ghi s nht k thi cng.

1) S nht k l ti liu sn xut c s v phi phn nh mi sinh hot sn xut
ca cng trng t lc khi cng cho ti lc bn giao.
2) Phi giao s nht k cho ngi ph trch cng trnh thuc n v thi cng v
s ny phi c ghi ngay t ngy bt u chun b cng trng.
3) Sau khi bn giao cng trnh, khi gii tn cng trng phi giao s v cng ty
(x nghip) hoc s a phng cng vi bo co sn xut.
4) Trong s (chng II) phi ghi tt c cc s liu v cng trnh v khi lng
cng tc vi nhng nt ln.
5) S (chng III) phi km theo tt c cc ti liu k thut thit k c trng
cho cng trng.
- Cc bn v ca n thit k k thut v cc bn v thi cng c ch dn v
ni dung ca tng bn v s lng cc bn in.
-

D ton.

Tt c cc ti liu b sung cho thit k v d ton.

Tt c nhng ti liu iu chnh thit k v d ton.

- Tt c cc bn v ca n thit k thi cng do n v thit k gi xung v

do phng k thut coong trng lp.
- Cc bn kt lun ca cc bn kim tra k thut .v..v. v cc yu cu b sung
cho thit k v d ton cng trnh.
- Tt c cc ti liu k thut khc c trng cho ton b cng trnh ( bin bn
th nghim, bn giao, v..v..)
6) Trong s (chng IV) phi ghi ton b bin ch cn b k thut tham gia sn
xut v mi s thay i vi bin ch .

76

7) Nht k thi cng ( chng V ) l phn chnh ca s cng trnh. Nht k cng
tc l ti liu dng lp nn tin cng tc. Nht k ghi lc khi cng mi cng tc v
phn nh ton b qu trnh thi cng tng phn ca cng trnh ch yu.
Phi m t cng tc ca tg nhp cu, phn nn ng i ti cu, cc cng trnh iu
chnh dng nc.
i vi cc cng trnh tm thi, nht k ch ghi lc khi cng v lc kt thc cng
tc (ghi ring cho mi cng trnh) v khi lng cng tc hon thnh theo cc ch tiu tng
qut.
Trong nht k phi ghi r h tn ngi ch huy trc tip thi cng cng trnh.
8) Trong s (chng VI) cc cn b cp trn chu trch nhim kim tra thi cng
v cht lng cng tc ghi nhng kin nhn xt ca mnh.
Ban ch huycng trng phi c cc nhn xt vit trong s v ghi vo nh
thc hin nhng iu l ghi trc khi cn b kim tra ri khi cng trng. Cn b kim
tra phi xem xt li cc nhn xt l ghi t trc v kim tra s thc hin cc nhn xt
cng nh s thc hin cc kin m cc cn b llnh o khi i thm l ng gp.
Ban ch huy cng trng phi ghi vo s nht k vic thc hin cc .
Phng k thut thi cng cng trng ph trch vic ghi s cng tc.
II - Cc s liu c bn v cng trnh
1) Tn cng trnh ( b phn cng trnh ):
2) Ngi thit k v lm d ton:
3) Ngi lp cc bn v thi cng:
4) Ngi duyt d ton:
5) Ngi duyt thit k:
6) H tn v t chc ca ngi nghim thu v ca cc gim st vin thng
xuyn:
7) Thnh phn ban nghim thu cng trnh v kin chnh xut trong bin
bn nghim thu:
8) S cng trnh:
9) Khi lng cng tc ch yu ( tnh theo cc b phn kt cu ):

77

III - Bn k cc vn bn k thut nhn c.

Ngy thng
cng trng
nhn c

Tn cc bn v v cc ti
liu khc ( d ton cc bn
thuyt minh cc bin bn
kim tra cc thay i v sai
s v nhn ca ai? )

S cc bn
v v d
ton . v..v..

S lng
bn sao

Ghi ch

IV - Bn k danh sch cc cn b k thut cng tc (trc tip) ti cng trng

Chc v

M t

Ngy nhn vic ti

cng trng

Ngy thi vic

78

V - Nht k thi cng ( ghi trang tri )

Ngy thng
nm

S th t

Hng mc cng tc hon thnh

H tn cn b k
thut ph trch cng
tc

Phng php thi cng v khi

lng vt l cc cng tc hon
thnh cc iu kin cng tc s
bin din ca qu trnh k
thut.

VI - kin nhn xt ca cn b kim tra v cn b lnh o ( ghi trang phi )

kin kim tra

Ngy thng nm

kin tip thu

kin ca cn b kim tra cng nh ca Ghi tip thu cc nhn xt,

cc cn b llnh o cp trn khi n nu gii php, tin ,
thm cng trng v tnh trng cht phn cng gii quyt.
lng cng tc

Ton b trong s cng tc ny:

nh s v ng ..... t.

79

Mc lc
*******
1. Cc qui nh chung.
2. Cng tc o c nh v.
3. Cc cng trnh v thit b ph tr.
4. Cng tc ct thp v b-tng.
Cng tc ct thp.
Cng tc b-tng.
5. Thi cng nn v mng.
H cc v cc ng.
Thi cng cc khoan nhi.
Ch to v h ging chm.
Thi cng mng nng.
6. Thi cng cu cng b-tng v b-tng ct thp.
Lp t cc mi ni thi cng.
Phun p v lp y trong ng rlnh
Nhng c im thi cng kt cu b-tng ton khi.
Xy lp mng v m tr.
Thi cng xy lp cng.
Lp t kt cu nhp.
Vic nng v h kt cu nhp.
Thi cng lp hng, kt cu nhp.
Lp t cc kt cu nhp trn cu tm.
Lao ko dc v sng ngn cc nhp cu
Vn chuyn v lp t trn h ni.
Lp t gi cu.
7. Lp rp kt cu thp v kt cu thp lin hp b-tng.
Cu to v lin kt lp rp.
Thi cng lp hng, na hng v hng cn bng.
Cng tc chng g kt cu thp.
Cng tc nghim thu.
8. Thi cng cu g.
Cc qui nh chung.
Phng mc v chng chy.
9. Cng tc p t trn cng v quanh m cu. Gia c mi dc.
p t trn cng v quanh m cu.
Cng tc gia c mi dc.
10. Lp t mt cu.
Lp t kin trc tng trn cu ng st.
Lp t cc b phn mt cu.
11. Nghim thu cng trnh l hon thnh.
Phn ph lc
Ph lc 1. Gii thch cc ch tt dng trong qui phm.
Ph lc 2. Danh mc cc tiu chun lin quan.
Ph lc 3. Mu biu nht k thi cng.

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