Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Preliminary Explanations
of new Criminal Code - Volume II
Legal Publishing House from Bucharest
made under special graphics the
second
volume
of
Preliminary
Explanations
of the New
Penal Code.
(Articles
53187). The work
was coordinated
by the famous
prof. PhD George
Antoniu,
having
as authors by the
following:
univ.
prof. PhD Alexandru
Boroi, assoc. prof.
PhD BogdanNicolae Bulai,
univ. prof. PhD
Costic
Bulai,
assoc. prof. PhD
tefan Dane,
assoc. prof. PhD
Constantin
Duvac,
assoc. prof. PhD
Mioara-Ketty Guiu, univ. prof. PhD Constantin
Mitrache, assoc. prof. PhD Cristian Mitrache,
assoc. prof. PhD Ioan Molnar, assistant prof. PhD
Ion Ristea, assoc. prof. PhD Constantin Sima,
Vasile Teodorescu, univ. prof. PhD Ioana Vasiu,
PhD Adina Vlsceanu.
In this paper the following titles are treated from
the Criminal Code: Title III - Punishments, Title IV Safety measures; Title V - minority, Title VI - Liability of
legal persons, Title VII - Causes criminal liability, Title
VIII - Causes that removes or modifies the execution
of the sentence; Title IX Cause which removes the
consequences of conviction causes, Title X - Meaning
of terms or expressions in criminal law.
the
notion
behind
the
crime
and the criteria for
classification
of
traces;
trace forensic
crime investigation;
micro-traces.
This
paper
is a guide to
all
criminalitii
and specialists
have concerns
in areas that
contribute to
justice in our
country.
V. Lpdui
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pag.
901. CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION DIRECTORATE CONTRIBUTION
TO ROMANIAN FORENSIC DURING 1973-2008 (I)
CONSTANTIN DUVAC
907. AN UNCLEAR POLITICAL ASSASSINATION: BARBU CATARGIU,
1862 HISTORICAL AND MEDICO-LEGAL ASPECTS
CONSTANTIN BLCEANU STOLNICI
OCTAVIAN BUDA
912. ANOTHER STEP TOWARD EFFICIENCY AND PERFORMANCE
FOR OPTIMUM RESULTS IN FORENSIC SCIENCE ACTIVITY
MARIA GEORGETA STOIAN
ION PLEEA
916. FORENSIC TECHNICAL MEANS MANUFACTURED BY LABORATORY
IMAGING S.R.O. FORM CZECH REPUBLIC I
HANA KALABOVA
919. SPECIAL EVENTS AND TERRORISM- HISTORICAL REFERENCES (VI)
THERES NO IDEAL WORLD!
VASILE LPDUI
923. THE ROLE OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY ANALYSIS OF ALL DATA IN THE VIEW
OF IDENTIFICATION OF THE AUTHORS OF THE VIOLENCE COMPLEX FACTS
REMUS SCROB
MIHAELA ANDRA
927. THE VERIFICATION OF FORGERY WRITS AND PROCEDURE IN CASE
OF THE EVIDENCE ADMINISTRATION THROUGH WRITS
GEORGE MGUREANU
FLOREA MGUREANU
934. ACHIEVING THE PURPOSE AND MAIN RULES OF THE CRIMINAL
PROCEEDINGS BY FORENSIC METHODS AND TECHNIQUES
- PHD THESIS NICOLAE GROFU
CONSTANTIN DUVAC,
938. VISION FOR EUROPEAN FORENSIC SCIENCE 2020
IOAN HURDUBAIE
940. MURDER AND SUICIDE BY SHOOTING WITH ATYPICAL FIREARM.
FORENSIC INTERPRETATION AT THE CRIME SCENE
MANOLESCU TEODOR
TOCAN LEONARD
944. PARTICIPATION TO A PRESTIGIOUS INTERNATIONAL
TECHNICAL-SCIENTIFIC MANIFESTATION
MIRCEA FIERBINEANU
946. TECHNICS OF PRUDENTIAL SUPERVISION IN THE FIELD OF
PREVENTION AND COMBAT OF MONEY LAUNDERING
ELENA GEORGESCU
Honorary Chairman:
Academician Marius SALA,
vice-chairman of the Romanian Academy
Chairman:
Univ. prof. Lazr CRJAN PhD, chairman of Romanian Forensic
Association, dean of the Faculty of Law within the Spiru Haret University;
Vice-chairmen:
Associate professor magistrate major general (r) Dan VOINEA PhD;
main vice-chairman of Romanian Forensic Association;
Univ. lecturer Iancu TEFAN PhD,
Romanian University of Sciences and Arts Gheorghe Cristea;
Police quaestor Gabriel RU, director of Forensic Science Institute
within General Inspectorate of Romanian Police;
Univ. prof. Petre BUNECI PhD, dean of the Faculty of Law
within the Ecological University;
Police quaestor Jnic ARION-IGNAU PhD, general manager
of Anti-Corruption General Directorate;
Associate professor chief commissary Constantin DUVAC PhD;
Police quaestor Vasile VIOREL PhD,
director of General Directorate of Bucharest Police;
Associate professor Gheorghe PESCU PhD,
Dimitrie Cantemir University;
Members:
Univ. prof. Tudorel BUTOI PhD, Spiru Haret University;
Univ. prof. habilitated dr. Mihail GHEORGHI,
Free International University of Moldova;
Associate professor Gheorghe GOLUBENCO PhD,
Free International University of Moldova;
LAZARENKO LINA, Forensic Science Institute of the Republic of Lithuania;
Eng. Ctlin GRIGORA Phd, professor at the University of Colorado
Denver, U.S.A.
Prof. Saverio FORTUNATO PhD, chairman of CSI-PERITI E CONSULENTI
FORENSI Firenze, Italy;
Vladislav YANEV, Institute of Forensic Science and Criminology
of Ministry of Interior Bulgaria;
Main police quaestor Aurel VLDULESCU PhD;
Univ. prof. Valentin IFTENIE PhD, National Institute
of Forensic Medicine Mina Minovici;
George BLAN PhD, Superior Council of Magistracy;
Eng. Mircea FIERBINEANU, judicial expert;
Eng. assistant prof. Dian POPESCU,
member of Romanian Forensic Association;
Associate professor Gheorghe ALECU, Spiru Haret University;
Chief commissary ROMIC POTORAC,
deputy director of Forensic Science Institute;
Viorel-Gheorghe GAVRA, prime prosecutor of Prosecution Department
attached to Bihor Tribunal;
Chief commissary Crian-Mucenic LZUREANU,
manager of the Kennel Center, Sibiu;
Univ. lecturer Nicolae GROFU, Al. I. Cuza Police Academy;
Chief commissary Viorel COROIU, Al. I. Cuza Police Academy;
Univ. lecturer Pantelimon BOTIN, Titu Maiorescu University;
Univ. lecturer major general (r) Ioan HURDUBAIE, executive director
of the International Agency for Crime Prevention and Security Policies;
Univ. lecturer Gheorghe-Iulian IONIT PhD, Romanian-American
University Bucharest;
Chief commissary Georgeta STOIAN PhD, Forensic Science Institute
within General Inspectorate of Romanian Police;
Chief commissary Octavian CONICESCU PhD, Forensic Science Institute
within General Inspectorate of Romanian Police;
Associate professor Nicolae VDUVA PhD, Romanian University
of Sciences and Arts Gheorghe Cristea;
Eng. Anca BLAN, general manager of the Chronos company;
Col. Vasile DOAN, prosecutor National Anticorruption Directorate;
Chief commissary Ionel NECULA, Forensic Science Institute;
Cristian DUMITRESCU PhD, Spiru Haret University;
Chief commissary Grigore PTRU, chief of the Forensic Science Service
of General Directorate of Bucharest Police;
Univ. lecturer Gabriela MATEI PhD, Ecological University;
Univ. lecturer Constantin DRGHICI PhD, Romanian University
of Sciences and Arts Gheorghe Cristea;
Univ. lecturer Florin BOBIN PhD, Spiru Haret University of Craiova;
Lawyer Adrian-Cristian MOISE PhD;
Univ. lecturer Sorinel CRUU, Al. I. Cuza Police Academy.
I.S.S.N. 2069-2617
10 RON
CUPRINS
Pag.
901. CONTRIBUIA DIRECIEI CERCETRI PENALE LA DEZVOLTAREA CRIMINALISTICII ROMNE N PERIOADA 1973-20081 (I)
CONSTANTIN DUVAC
907. UN ASASINAT POLITIC NEELUCIDAT: BARBU CATARGIU, 1862 ASPECTE ISTORICE I MEDICO-LEGALE
CONSTANTIN BLCEANU STOLNICI
OCTAVIAN BUDA
912. NC UN PAS SPRE EFICIEN I PERFORMAN PENTRU OBINEREA DE REZULTATE OPTIME
N ACTIVITATEA CRIMINALISTIC
MARIA GEORGETA STOIAN
ION PLEEA
916. MIJLOACE TEHNICE CRIMINALISTICE PRODUSE DE FIRMA LABORATORY IMAGING DIN REPUBLICA CEH I
HANA KALABOVA
919. TERORISMUL I EVENIMENTE DEOSEBITE (VI) O LUME IDEAL NU EXIST!
VASILE LPDUI
923. ROLUL ANALIZEI MULTIDISCIPLINARE A TUTUROR DATELOR N VEDEREA IDENTIFICRII
AUTORILOR DE FAPTE COMPLEXE CU VIOLEN
REMUS SCROB
MIHAELA ANDRA
927. VERIFICAREA DE SCRIPTE I PROCEDURA FALSULUI N CAZUL ADMINISTRRII PROBEI PRIN NSCRISURI
GEORGE MGUREANU
FLOREA MGUREANU
934. REALIZAREA SCOPULUI I A REGULILOR DE BAZ ALE PROCESULUI PENAL PRIN METODE I TEHNICI ALE CRIMINALISTICII
TEZA DE DOCTORAT A CRIMINALISTULUI NICOLAE GROFU
CONSTANTIN DUVAC,
938. CRIMINALISTICA EUROPEAN LA ORIZONTUL ANULUI 2020
IOAN HURDUBAIE
940. OMOR I SINUCIDERE PRIN MPUCARE CU ARM DE FOC ATIPIC. INTERPRETAREA CRIMINALISTIC LA FAA LOCULUI
MANOLESCU TEODOR
TOCAN LEONARD
944. PARTICIPARE LA O MANIFESTARE TEHNICO-TIINIFIC INTERNAIONAL DE PRESTIGIU
MIRCEA FIERBINEANU
946. TEHNICI DE SUPRAVEGHERE PRUDENIAL N MATERIA PREVENIRII I COMBATERII SPLRII BANILOR
ELENA GEORGESCU
900
TO THE ATTENTION
OF READERS
Romanian Journal of Forensic Science is available
on journals.indexcopernicus.com
INDEX COPERNICUS INTERNATIONAL
901
1. Institutional development
Institutional evolution of Criminal investigation
department, former elite unit of the Romanian
Police, cant be detached from the structure of
which was part under various names, its basic
task of investigating the offenses in police power,
but is still constant and a bonding time.
First, by decree of the Presidium of the Grand
National Assembly of Romanian Peoples Republic
no. 25 of January 23, 1949, under Article 44. Align.
2 and Art. 45 of the Romanian Constitution in April
1948, was established Militia. The central coordinator
of police activity was the General Directorate of Militia,
organizational structure was set to be established by
the Ministry of Interior with the approval of the Council
of Ministers. Militia had authority to pursue and
prosecute all crimes committed on the territory within
its jurisdiction2.
After Decree no. 25/1949 entered into force,
General State Police Act from 8/21 July 1929 and Law
on organization and operation of the gendarmerie in
April 1943 were repealed, both in rural areas (police
stations) and in urban areas (county militia) operating
one law enforcement: militia.
Following the administrative division at the end of
1966, when counties were reinstated, the General
Directorate of Militia was transformed into the General
Inspectorate of Militia, and in the counties were formed
militia county inspectorates3.
By Law 21 of 18 November 1969, after separation
of the security bodies of the Ministry of Interior, due
to the establishment of the State Security Council,
was created a new organizational and operational
center of the militia, which had the following structure:
General Inspectorate of the Militia, Bucharest Militia
Inspectorate; inspectorate of the county militia, sectors
of Bucharest Militia, services, departments and offices
of the municipal and city militia, communal militia
stations etc.
In this period, on the scientific plan stands out the
Criminal Investigation Directorate newsletters and
lesson collections as study support for the police who
are carrying out investigations, published every year,
true courses of forensic tactics and methodology.
However, in the period 1976-1989, is detaching and
stands out the monumental work of forensic practical
treaty in five volumes, performed under the baton of
leading forensic (some officers to senior positions in
the Criminal Investigation Department), we mention
col. (r.) Vasile Lpdui4 , col. (r.) Ion Angelescu,
col. (r.) Constantin Aionioaie, prof. univ. dr. Vasile
Berchean5 , prof. univ. dr. Tudorel Butoi, general de
brigad (r.) Gheorghe Scarlet, col. (r.) Tudor Stnic,
col. (r.) Nicolae Coca, col. (r.) Eugen Plnceanu6
.a.
Militia functioned until December 27, 1989, when,
under Decree-Law no. 2 on the organization and
functioning of the National Salvation Front, the name
Militia was changed to Police, marking the start of
practical structural changes at the facility caused by
events held in December 1989, police remaining as
part of the Ministry of Interior7.
902
903
904
905
Notes
1. Communication presented at National Symposium
on Romanian forensic specialists contribution to the
development of forensic science, organized by the
Romanian Forensic Association on April 15, 2010 in
Bucharest, updated with some statistical data for the years
2008 and 2009 to emphasize certain trends which otherwise
maintained in 2010-2011.
2. Vasile Bobocescu, Istoria Poliiei Romne, M.I.
Publishing House, Bucharest, 2000, p. 306-307.
3. Vasile Bobocescu, op. cit., p 308.
4. For details on the work of these leading forensic
specialists in the country, some even former officers of
criminal investigation, see Lazr Crjan, Mihai Chiper,
Criminalistica. Tradiie i modernism, Curtea Veche
Publishing House, Bucharest, 2009, p. 49-51.
5. For details of our regreted professor and former
criminal investigation officer during 1974-1980, see Nicolae
Grofu, Prof. univ. dr. Vasile Berchean personalitate
marcant a criminalisticii romneti (1951-2009), article
presented at the National Symposium on Romanian
forensic specialists contribution to the development of
forensic science, organized by the Romanian Forensic
Association in Bucharest in April 15, 2010.
6. The last four mentioned former investigators are
co-authors of the volume of Forensic tactics published in
1989.
7. Vasile Bobocescu, op. cit., p. 325.
8. Ibid., p. 328.
9. Ibid., p. 326.
10. Ovidius Pun (coordonator), Nicolae Bucur,
Haralambie Neda, Luminia Petrescu, Aurel Camberea,
Florin Gheorgheci, Adrian Teodorescu, Poliia romn 19901996, G.I.R.P. Publishing House, Bucharest, 1997, p. 89.
11. Ovidius Pun (coordonator), Nicolae Bucur,
Haralambie Neda, Luminia Petrescu, Aurel Camberea,
Florin Gheorgheci, Adrian Teodorescu, op. cit., p. 159.
12. For details on the acts of the criminal prosecution,
see: Nicolae Grofu, Reflecii referitoare la actele organului
de urmrire penal n concepia Proiectului Legii privind
Codul de procedur penal forma transmis Parlamentului,
article presented at The 2nd International Scientific
906
- To follow -
INTRODUCTION
The murder, unlike the crime, represents the killing of a
political, religious or public, social or cultural representative
personality. All murders have a common characteristic:
the brutal change of forces between the governors and
the opponents or foreign power performers, a political
group or have an adjacent economical purpose. Usually,
the motivation is dictated, at political or religious level, by
vengeance or by financial blackmail.
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
Lucia Spectral
Sistemul de analiz microspectrometric i colormetric
916
Specificaii tehnice:
Componentele sistemului:
Opiuni:
Lucia DocuScan
917
Precizri tehnice:
Documente original
Scanare i Examinare 3D
918
919
920
921
922
923
Rezumat
Investigarea locului faptei, ca obiect de activitate pentru fiecare specialist, este un test
important care solicit competen, structur etic i complexitate, iar personalitatea ca un
ntreg i potenialul psihologic individual joac, n acest sens, un rol decisiv.
Cercetarea n echip presupune concentrarea cunotinelor, a priceperii i a experienei
unor specialiti n valorificarea complet i operativ a datelor despre fapta comis, n scopul
aflrii adevrului. n situaiile complexe i variate pe care le implic cercetarea, activitatea
echipei trebuie s se caracterizeze prin colaborare, schimb reciproc de informaii, munc i
spirit colegial, ct i prin nedepirea competenelor.
Identificarea autorului nu poate fi opera hazardului, ci a unei munci complexe,
constructive, iar demonstrarea vinoviei se poate face numai pe baza unor constatri
reale i consemnate n acte, ce ofer permanent toate garaniile procesuale prilor, evitnd
posibilitatea erorii.
Cuvinte cheie: identificarea autorului, autorul, investigarea la faa locului.
I. Introduction
The high level of crimes that affect the citizen in
his everyday existence can be combated only with
a response from the society through its specialized
agencies; response that has to be prompt, thorough
and appropriate to each situation.
Offences committed by violence present a particular
seriousness compared to other antisocial acts, because they
trigger immediate physical consequences to the victim and
also further trauma. Due to the destructive and irreparable
results entailed, as well as the potential dangers posed by
aggressive personalities of the perpetrators, by an often
deformed diffusion through media, acts of great violence
seriously disturb psychosocial equilibrium, which requires
special attention to restore the sense of public safety and
tranquility for citizens.
Activities related to solving the cases are preceded
by a laborious activity for gathering evidence, clarifying
the circumstances in which the offense was committed,
identifying the authors and also the victim.
Forensic contribution to solving criminal cases and thus
to identifying the authors is shown on three planes that are
in an obvious link: technical, tactical and methodological
planes.
During crime scene investigation, murder offenses require
special efforts by prosecutors, forensic specialists and
police investigators in order to clarify the circumstances and
the specific ways in which authors have acted. Determining
how the suppression of life took place is possible using
the comprehensive data collected during the technical and
scientific criminal investigation and by scientific exploitation
of the traces and material means of evidence discovered
on site.
Deviant human behaviors are considering aggressive
attitudes, characterized by use of force in interpersonal
relations. Aggression occurs when an individual is unable to
satisfy his desires and manifests itself through a violent and
destructive behavior.
The way the act is committed will be the measure of
the degree of gained aggressiveness of the place that the
aggression subject occupies in the hierarchy of private
values and the actual generation of the frustrating situation.
Empowering the act nor can be censored, nor delayed,
because the psychopath has no internal ethical censure; for
him the notion of life is unique, unrepeatable, a concept that
is foreign, strange and imposed by social and educational
conveniences.
The act is conducted on terms dictated by the
temperamental structure, degree of training, circumstances
and it leads to a state of perfect relief, release from the yoke
924
925
926
Abstract
The guilt or innocence of an investigated person or the existence or not of a subjective
right, cannot be proved without basing our decision on proofs and means of evidence,
otherwise it is probably that we may pronounce a wrong decision, which may break the
human rights and freedoms.
Among the evidence proposed and administered in the criminal trial or the civil suit,
the writs are rather frequent because of the presumptionof authenticity, especially for the
preconstituted evidence.
However, it is likely that by administering the evidence by writs, there may arise
conflicts, the writs or signatures may be contested by the opposing people, when the judge
may perform the writs verification or, accordingly, stipulate that an expertise should be
performed to establish the person who wrote or signed the document mentioned as a
means of evidence.
Key words: Forgery procedure, writs verification, writs, authentic writs, writs under
private signature, preconstituted writs.
Rezumat
Vinovia sau nevinovia unei persoane investigate ori existena sau inexistena unui
drept subiectiv nu poate fi dovedit fr a avea la baz probe i mijloace de prob, n
caz contrar, probabil vom pronuna o decizie greit, care va nclca drepturile omului i
libertile sale.
Printre elementele de prob propuse i administrate n procesul penal sau civil,
nscrisurilor sunt destul de frecvente din cauza prezumiei de autenticitate, n special pentru
elementele de prob preconstituite.
Cu toate acestea, este probabil ca administrarea probelor cu nscrisuri s creeze
dispute cu privire la autenticitatea nscrisurilor sau a semnturilor; n acest caz, judectorul
va proceda la verificarea nscrisurilor sau va dispune efectuarea unei expertize pentru a se
stabili persoana care a scris sau a semnat documentul menionat ca mijloc de prob.
Cuvinte cheie: procedura de falsificare, verificarea nscrisurilor, nscrisuri, nscrisuri
autentice, nscrisuri sub semntur privat, nscrisuri preconstituite.
927
928
929
930
minute, will sign the document and will ask the clerk and
parties to sign it. In our opinion, such remarks made on the
support of the document in dispute, especially when they are
intended to make the expert attentive on a certain part of the
document or when the document is highlighted with pencil
or ink or suffers different signs, can alter and deteriorate the
document.
When the forgery is the result of use of chemical
substances and an a special examination is required as
regards the documents support, it will be impossible for the
expert to determine the writing or signatures removed by
erasure or written with substances visible only under certain
radiation.
In our opinion, de lege ferenda, the magistrates remarks
included in the minute are sufficient if they are made properly
and the document is to be kept by the clerk.
Thus, it is forbidden to take samples from the documents
support, to require the parties to write explanations on the
document or on its overleaf, to indicate the number of the
file, page or other remarks, even if made on a free sector of
the document because all this changes the initial nature and
can hide or make difficult the examination of the documents
important graphical signs21.
It is also unwise to make new folds on the document.
The existing folds, their number, location, appearance given
by the intersection of the texts lines with such folds allow
the expert to determine if certain parts of the text were made
before or after the documents folding or other elements
useful in the technical examination of the document or
the writing thereon. The new folds on the document, after
including it in the file, make the examination more difficult or
might lead to errors as it is known that any new fold speeds
the deterioration of the documents support.
When the document is examined, it is not allowed to
expose it to chemical radiations in order to reveal the text
covered by spots of different colors or substances, to erase
it in order to disclose the remarks made on the document.
In such occasions, only technical methods can be used in
order to secure the integrity of the document in its initial form
such as: examination by glass, under microscope, UVs, by
transparence or with light conducted from different angles,
etc.
The document will not be sewed on the file because
piercing or disentangling it and then binding it could lead
to its tearing. Thus, documents from a file will be kept in
separate envelopes, which will be sewed on the file. Such
envelopes will be larger than the document to avoid folding
the document. If the document is very large or if there is no
envelope of an appropriate size, the document will be kept
in its own envelope, but it will be folded following its own
folds.
The remarks on the envelope will be made before
inserting the document, otherwise it is possible for the
substance used for writing to penetrate the envelopes
paper and to get to the document or to print on it the traces
of the writing of the envelope and to render more difficult
any further examination of the document. To avoid sewing
the document and the envelope by mistake, the envelope
will be sewed first and then the document will be inserted in
the envelope.
Special attention will be paid to the preservation in order
to prepare the examination of torn or burnt documents. The
wrapping of burnt documents will be made to not hinder the
experts further activity in terms of document reconstitution.
If the document is taken during the investigation onsite and the torn pieces are mixed with other papers, it is
advisable to collect all the pieces of paper to avoid the risk to
not take pieces of the disputed document if the investigation
is not attended by the expert.
Burnt or torn documents will be reconstituted by the
expert as, sometimes, lab techniques and methods must
931
932
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.
I. Stoenescu, S. Zilberstein, Drept procesual civil,
Teoria generala (Civil procedural law. General theory), E.D.P.,
Bucharest, 1983
2.
V.M. Ciobanu, Tratat teoretic i practic de Drept
procesual civil, (Theoretic and practical treaty of Civil procedural
law) vol. I, Ed. Naional, Bucharest, 1997
3.
I. Neagu, Drept procesual penal. Partea general.
Tratat, (Criminal procedural law. General part, Treaty) 4th
edition, Global Lex Publishing House, Bucharest, 2007
4.
I. Neagu, Drept procesual penal. Partea special.
Tratat, (Criminal procedural law. General part, Treaty) 4th
edition, Global Lex Publishing House, Bucharest, 2007
5.
I. Le, Tratat de Drept procesual civil (Treaty of civil
procedural law), 4th edition, Ed. C.H. Beck, 2008
6.
E. Stancu, Criminalistic (Criminalistics),vol. I, Ed.
Actami, Bucharest, 1995
7.
E. Mihuleac, Sistemul probator n procesul civil
(Evidence system in the civil law), Ed. Academiei, Bucharest,
1970
8.
A. Ionacu, Probele n procesul civil (Evidence in the
civil trial), Ed. tiinific, Bucharest, 1969
9.
Gh. Beleiu, Drept civil. Introducere n dreptul civil.
Subiectele dreptului civil (Civil law, Introduction in the civil law,
Subjects of civil law) Ed. ansa, Bucharest, 1992
10. M. Eliescu, Curs de drept civil. Teoria general a
probelor. (Course of civil law. General theory of evidence)
University of Bucharest, 1974
11. Fl. Mgureanu, Drept procesual civil (Civil procedural
law), 12th edition, Bucharest, 2010
12. G. Porumb, Codul de procedur civil comentat i
adnotat (Code if civil procedure, commented and supplemented),
vol. I, Ed. tiinific, Bucharest 1960
13. D. M. Moldoveanu, Tratat de grafologie i expertiz
(Treaty of graphology and expertise), Bucharest, 1910
14. I. Ionescu, Expertiza criminalistic a scrisului (Criminal
expertise of writing); Ed. Junimea, Iai 1973.
15. C. Suciu, Criminalistic (Criminalistics), E.D.P.
Bucharest, 1972
16. D. Sandu, Falsul n acte (falsehood in documents),
Ed. Dacia, ClujNapoca, 1977.
17. M. A. Dumitrescu, Manual de procedur civil
(Manual of civil procedure), 4th edition, Bucharest, Ed. Librria
UNIVERSAL~ ALC ALAY, Bucharest, 1928
Note
1.
For further details on evidence, see: I. Stoenescu,
S. Zilberstein, Civil procedural law, General theory, E.D.P.,
Bucharest, 1983, p. 335349; V.M. Ciobanu, Theoretical and
practical treaty of Civil procedural law, vol. I, Ed. Naional,
Bucharest, 1997, p. 259266; I. Neagu, Criminal procedural law.
General part. Treaty, 4th Edition Global Lex, Bucharest, 2007
and Criminal procedural law. General part, Treaty, 4th Edition,
Ed. Global Lex, Bucharest, 2007; I. Le, Treaty of procedural
civil law, 4th edition, Ed. C.H. Beck, 2008, p. 500 and the
following.; E. Mihuleac, Probation system in the civil trial, Ed.
Academiei, Bucharest, 1970, p. 8155; A. Ionacu, Evidence
in the civil trial, Ed. tiinific, Bucharest, 1969, p. 579; Gh.
Beleiu, Civil law. Introduction in the civil law. Subject of civil
law. Ed. ansa, Bucharest, 1992, p. 99100; M. Eliescu, Course
of civil law. General theory of evidence Bucharest University,
1974, p. 4; Fl. Mgureanu, Civil procedural law, 12th Edition,
Bucharest, 2010, p. 326 and the following.
2.
A. POP, GH. BELEIU, op. cit. p. 591.
3.
T.S. col. civ. dec. no. 1846/1956, L.P. no. 3/1957, p.
361, T.S. sec. civ. dec. no. 1032/1975, C.D. 1975, p. 232.
4.
I. Stoenescu, S. Zilberstein, op. cit. p. 349. In the
area of arbitration procedure, art. 358 C. proc. civ. stipulates
that the arbitration court can decide for the evidence to be filed
before an arbiter from the court of arbitration.
5.
A. Ionacu, op. cit. p. 167169, E. Mihuleac, op. cit. p.
207209.
6.
A. IONACU, op. cit. p. 167.
7.
T.S. col. civ. dec. no. 264/1955, C.D., 1955, Vol. II. p.
204, Trib. reg. Bacu, dec. civ. nr. 489/1966, R.R.D. nr. 6/1968,
p. 151, remark by I.L. Cristian
8.
See G. Porumb, Code of civil procedure, commented
and supplemented vol. I, Ed. tiinific, Bucharest 1960, p.
408.
9.
A. Hilsenrad, I. Stoenescu, op. cit. p. 361.
10.
See Decision no. 511 of June 1, 1998 of C.A.
Braov.
11.
Plenum of T.S. dec. de ndr. no. 11/1960, C.D. 1960,
p. 1719, for practice before the amendment of art. 312 C. proc.
civ.
12.
Plenum of T.S. dec. ndr. nr. X/1953, C.D. 19521954,
Vol. I p. 11, for practice before the amendment of art. 312 C.
proc. civ.
13. I. Anghelescu and the others, Theoretical and practical
treaty of criminalistics, Vol. II, Bucharest 1978, p. 113162, D. M.
Moldoveanu, Treaty of graphology and expertise, Bucharest,
1910, Henri Stahl, Graphology and expertise in anonymous
letters forgery, Bucharest, 1924 Camil Suciu, Criminalistics,
E.D.P. Bucharest, 1972, p. 454487; N. V. Terziev, Introduction in
the criminal research of documents, 1952 p. 118125, D. Sandu,
Falsehood in documents, Ed. Dacia ClujNapoca 1977, p. 24
and the following, T. I. Ulic, Graphical expertise, Bucharest,
1914.
14. I. Ionescu, Criminal expertise of writing; Ed. Junimea,
Iai 1973, p. 41.
15.
N. V. Terziev, Introduction in the criminal research of
documents, Bucharest, 1952, p. 125.
16. M. A. Dumitrescu, Manual of civil procedure, ed. a IVa,
Bucharest, Ed. Librria UNIVERSAL~ ALC ALAY, Bucharest,
1928, p. 191196.
17.
A. Ionacu, op. cit., p. 109; M. Eliescu, Treaty
of Romanian civil law. General theory of evidence, C. I.
PARHON University, Bucharest, 1951. D. Alexandrescu
Romanian civil law, vol. VII, Tipografia Naional, Iai 1901,
Cap. VII (Evidence), I. Stoenescu, G. Porumb, Romanian civil
procedural law, E.D.P., 1966, p. 158, C.I. no. 998/1936 (J.g.
1937, S.p. 123), C.I. no. 1255/1936 (P.S. 1936, p. 408, no.
40), C.II. no. 709/1937 (J.g. 1938, p. 400), in George Docan,
Repertory of summarized jurisprudence. Solutions of the High
Court of Cassation, published in the last five years, 19341938,
Bucharest, Ed. Socec, S.A. 1939 ; Fl. Mgureanu, Documents,
evidence in the civil trial, Ed. All-Beck, Bucharest, 2002.
18.
T.S. sec. civ. dec. no. 2413/1980, C.D. 1980, p. 272273, C.S.J. sec. civ. dec. no. 222/1994, in Jurisprudence Minute
of C.S.J. in 1994, Ed. PROEMA, Baia Mare, 1995, p. 9798.
19.
T.M. Bucureti, sec. IV civ. dec. no. 756/1991, in I.
Mihu, C.P.J.C. in 1991, Ed. ansa, Bucharest, 1992, p. 132.
20.
A. Ionacu, op. cit. p. 167. For further details on
the examination of evidence and probation of forgery, see: E.
Stancu, Criminalistis, vol. I, Ed. Actami, Bucureti, 1995, p.
313352; H. Stahl, Graphical expertise. Inst. of Graphical Arts
Marvan, Bucharest, 1904.
21.
For the same, see: N. V. Terziev, op. cit. p. 125126.
22.
I. L. Georgescu, I. Bcanu, op. cit. p. 121125.
23. I. Stoenescu, S. Zilberstein, General Theory, p. 362,
V. M. Ciobanu, Civil procedural law, p. 273, I. Anghelescu and
collaborators, op. cit. p. 272, A. Ionacu, op. cit. p. 169, E.
Mihuleac, op. cit. p. 209.
933
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Key words: Crime scene research, interpretation of traces discovered at the crime scene,
forensic examination of the two bodies, forensic examination and radiological.
Rezumat
Cercetarea locului faptei este un ansamblu de activiti tehnico-tiinifice criminalistice, ce
au ca scop cutarea, descoperirea, fixarea i ridicarea tuturor categoriilor de urme i mijloace
materiale de prob, care contribuie din punct de vedere material la stabilirea existenei sau
inexistenei unei fapte, a mprejurrilor producerii acesteia i la identificarea autorului sau
autorilor care au comis-o.
La faa locului specialitii criminaliti descoper o varietate nsemnat de urme i mijloace
materiale de prob, n diverse locuri, poziii i stri de agregare, care numai printr-o interpretare
bazat pe logic, tehnic i experimente desfurate contribuie la stabilirea cu exactitate a
existenei faptei i mprejurrilor producerii acesteia.
Putem afirma c interpretarea criminalistic la faa locului este chiar esena activitii de
cercetare, fr de care urmele descoperite i ridicate nu pot fi puse n legtur material
unele cu altele, pentru stabilirea mental a activitilor desfurate de autor/autori n cmpul
infracional.
ITER CRIMINIS (drumul parcurs de infractor)nu poate fi stabilit la faa locului dect printr-o
interpretare tiinific, riguroas i complet a urmelor i mijloacelor materiale de prob
descoperite.
Activitatea de interpretare criminalistic a urmelor descoperite la faa locului s-a dovedit a fi
extrem de important i decisiv - putem spune - n cazul a dou persoane gsite decedate n
condiii suspecte, n aceeai locuin.
Cuvinte cheie: Cercetarea locului faptei, interpretarea la faa locului a urmelor descoperite,
examinarea criminalistic a celor dou cadavre, examinarea medico-legal i radiologic.
941
the woman - with the face up, the head placed on the
pillow, oriented towards left (on the same direction as the
mans head). We state that the position of the womans
body was changed by the medical team, initially being
encountered with the face towards the door of access
in the room. The legs were open, partly covered by a
quilt and close to the mans body. The left arm far from
the body upward and the right arm away from the body.
The corpse was wearing easy clothes (pyjamas and
wrapper).
On the carpet, on a 0.60 metres distance, there was
a metallic device, formed of one segment of metallic tube
with spring and holder.
On the chair near the bed, on the left of the man, four
hunting-like cartridges were encountered, handcrafted,
non-chiselled, and a handcrafted cartridge case, with
percussion hint. All cartridge cases were wrapped
on rosace with adhesive tape in order to increase the
diameter of tubes to introduce them on barrel.
On the left palm of the man, on the thumb, forefinger
and middle finger, were discovered and sampled
atypical
gun,
handcrafted of two
segments of conduct-like metallic tube with a length of
40 cm;
a pipe segment is used for the introduction of
cartridge and the release of lead hitting, and the second
segment is represented by a percussion mechanism,
formed of a firing pin, arch and cocking lever. Upon the
release of lever from the socket, the pin fixed on it was
hitting aggressively the cartridge capsule, producing
instantaneously the shot;
on the barrel of the device, it was encountered
a chiselled cartridge, having a fissure and microparticles of non-burned powder on the edge of
rosace.
942
b) Womans corpse
In the occipital region of head, from the hair bun,
was extracted a plastic cylindrical element specific to
a spit, with metallic elements similar to leads.
The tegument and the skull cap presented a
star shot canker and a circular orifice with trapezoid
internal edges with the great base inside.
In the brain box, the cerebral mass presented
strong lesions on the ascendant track towards the
upper side of brain.
Photo 16.
Shot canker.
943
Photo 19. The 2nd stage. The moment when the man
shoots with the barrel introduced into the buccal cavity.
944
University of Piteti - Congress Chairman Eng. Prof. Viorel NICOLAE, PhD. Dean of the
Faculty of Mechanics and Technology, University of Piteti - President of the organizing
committee Eng. Prof. Alexander BOROIU, PhD. Head of the Automotive Department,
University of Pitesti Organizing Committee Vice President Prof. Dr. Florian IVAN Eng.
Logistic Organisation & Assoc President Adrian CLENCI Assoc. Prof Dr. Eng. Head of the
Automotive and Transportation Department;.
Key words: impact, motion, speed, energy, equation.
Rezumat
n perioada 2-4 noiembrie 2011, la Universitatea din Piteti a avut loc a zecea ediie a
Congresului Internaional de Automobilism, Ingineria Automobilelor i Mediul nconjurtor
CAR2011 ediie jubiliar, patronat de FISITA, la care am avut onoarea s fiu invitat
i s particip cu tema Determinarea vitezelor de impact frontal ale automobilelor prin
descompunerea micrilor - metod proprie - din partea Asociaiei Criminalitilor din
Romnia. Cu aceast ocazie au fost acordate diplome de excelen din partea Asociaiei
Criminalitilor din Romnia, urmtoarelor personaliti: J.E. ROBERTSON FISITA
President Gunter HOHL EAEC President and Vice-President of FISITA Eugen
Mihail NEGRU - SIAR President Jerome OLIVE General Manager, DACIA groupe
RENAULT Sorin BUE General Manager Renault Technologie Roumanie Eric RIOU
Le Moteur Moderne France, membber of AVL group Constantin STROE ACAROM
President Gheorghe DAVIDESCU Prefect of Arges Country Tudor PENDIUC Mayor
of Pitesti City Gheorghe BARBU Rector of the University of Pitesti Nicolae PANDREA
Preedintele Comitetului tiinific i Tehnic, membru al Academiei Romne de tiine
Tehnice Ion TABACU - Prof. Dr. Eng. Vice Rector University of Pitesti - Congres
Chairman Viorel NICOLAE - Prof. Dr. Eng. Dean of Faculty of Mechanics and Technologie
- University of Piteti - Organizing Committe President Alexandru BOROIU - Prof. Dr.
Eng. Head of Automotive Department - University of Pitesti Organizing Committee Vice
President Florian IVAN - Prof. Dr. Eng. Logistic & Organisation President Adrian CLENCI
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Eng. Head of the Automotive and Transportation Department.
Cuvinte cheie: impact, micare, vitez, energie, ecuaie.
Guests from several university centers from
Romania and abroad participated to this event,
where they presented scientific research topics
developed in the last several years within their
working teams. The Congress was carried out
on several scientific sections.
FISITA (International Federation of Automotive
Engineering Societies) is an independent
organization, representing more than 169,000
automotive engineers around the globe, from 35
countries. FISITA was founded in Paris in 1948
with the purpose of bringing engineers from
around the world together in a spirit of cooperation
to share ideas and advance the technological
development of the automobile. FISITAs mission
is to help create efficient, affordable, safe and
sustainable automotive transportation. We present
the Congresss participation badge:
945
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R
Rsspunde
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Acord
Acord aacces
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Securizeaz
Securizeaz d
datele
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Transfer
Transfer d
documentele
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canate llaa P
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Transmite d
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Permite
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securizat echipamente
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952