Professional Documents
Culture Documents
THE BROADBAND
NETWORK
GATEWAY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract
10
10
12
OTT Monetization
14
15
16
Enhanced IPTV / 16
Evolving video services and CDNs / 17
Conclusion
18
ABSTRACT
Residential service providers today are at odds with the very subscribers they serve.
Along with the liberating experience of Over The Top VoD Video on Demand (OTT VoD)
services that cater to their unique needs, subscribers now want the freedom of a
broadband service without boundaries one in which they can consume any content
or application, on any device, anytime, anywhere. Challenged by the negative impact of
OTT VoD traffic on network bandwidth and the perceived threat to their PayTV services,
service providers are responding with rigid caps on bandwidth utilization.
There is a better way. Rather than discourage the use of the very service they provide,
service providers can embrace subscriber demands for freedom and enhance their services
to thrive on higher bandwidth consumption. However, realizing these goals requires
change. Centralized Broadband Remote Access Server (BRAS) architectures lack the scale,
performance and service flexibility to thrive in this new VoD-dominated era. Service providers require a new approach to planning and building residential networks, an approach
that embraces more performance, distributed subscriber management and enhanced
feature capabilities to deliver higher quality, more personalized subscriber services.
Targeted to service providers as well as product marketing, network architecture and
network operations executives, this document provides an overview of changing subscriber
needs, the new service opportunities now open to service providers and the transformation
challenges they face. We explain how all of these challenges and opportunities are best
addressed with a distributed residential services architecture based on the Alcatel-Lucent
7750 Service Router (SR).
Residential broadband networks are once again entering a period of major change
and opportunity driven by subscriber needs and expectations (see Figure 1). The
first-generation networks based on centralized BRAS routers were driven by subscriber
demand for an always-on High Speed Internet (HSI) service. The second generation,
powered by Ethernet-based Broadband Network Gateway (BNG) routers, was driven by
subscriber demand for a linear TV service (content broadcast at specific times) delivered
in conjunction with voice and HSI services.
Todays increasingly sophisticated and Internet-savvy subscribers are raising the bar yet
again. They want to remove the boundaries and limitations imposed by todays broadband
services and customer premises equipment to create a richer, personalized experience that
leverages all that the Internet and the consumer electronics industry have to offer.
Figure 1. Customer expectations driving residential broadband evolution
INTERNET
CONNECTIVITY
IPTV AND
TRIPLE PLAY
BROADBAND
WITHOUT BOUNDARIES
CUSTOMER
EXPECTATION
RESIDENTIAL EDGE
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS
IP forwarding
Single service
ATM
RESIDENTIAL EDGE
ROUTING PLATFORM
OBSOLETE
BRAS
IPTV multicasting
Service silos
Ethernet
VoD streaming
Service blending
and personalization
IPv6, Wi-Fi
OBSOLETE
BRAS and
video edge
Enhanced BNG
Subscribers also want the freedom to blend attributes of different residential services
such as the high quality of linear TV , the flexibility of VoD and the interactivity of the
web into a single, personalized service experience that fulfills their unique digital
lifestyle needs. For example, a subscriber may want to watch an on-demand video that
is not part of the premium linear TV lineup but has high video quality, fed directly to the
big-screen TV, while using a tablet device to interact with other viewers through social
networks and reviewing suggestions for related web and video content.
12000
12000
10000
10000
10000
8000
6000
14000
12000
4000
8000
6000
4000
2000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
0
0
1000
Time (seconds
1.07 Mb upload
24.40 Mb download
x1000
6000
2000
0
0
8000
4000
2000
14000
7 music
downloads
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
1000
Time (seconds
2.17 Mb upload
1.13 Gb download
2000
3000
4000
Time (seconds
2.17 Mb upload
1.13 Gb download
No throttle, no multicast
5000
6000
youku.com
NETFLIX GENERATES 30% OF ISP TRAFFIC
WITH 3% OF ISP SUBSCRIBER BASE
BBC iPlayer
2000
2010
2005
Residential HSI profit
Netflix
2015
Service providers have responded to the OTT VoD bandwidth challenge and the shift
away from their own linear TV services by introducing rigid bandwidth caps and
down-speed techniques that limit bandwidth consumption on their HSI services. While
this approach does provide short-term relief, it pits the service provider against their
customer the subscriber and damages this all-important relationship. It also repositions the OTT vendor who fulfills subscriber demands for freedom at the top of the value
chain and popularity polls. There is a better way.
Winning the battle for the subscriber
Rather than discourage the use of the very service they provide, service providers should
embrace the concept of subscriber freedom and leverage their core strengths to thrive on
increasing network usage (see Figure 4).
Figure 4. Wining the battle for the subscriber
SP strength
Control network access
OTT content
and application
providers
Opportunity
Ensure fair-share use with personalized subscriber
plans, monetize OTT apps/content, add Wi-Fi
Enrich with VoD and web content, add new app services
Service
provider
Because they control access to the subscriber, service providers are in a unique position
to free subscribers from OTT VoD service quality issues by providing a consistently high
quality of experience (QoE) that will always be outside of the OTT vendors scope of
control to deliver. They can monetize the OTT flows that travel through their network,
provide subscribers with optimal application-aware plans to free them from rigid usage
caps or offer Wi-Fi access to provide the freedom of a home experience off-the-wire.
They can work with OTT vendors to provide optimized application services that free
subscribers from best-effort quality limitations of OTT gaming, person-to-person (p2p)
video conferencing and other applications.
Service providers can also leverage their strong relationships with content providers.
They can enrich current linear TV services with VoD and web content to deliver the
blended broadband service experience their customers crave.
Finally, service providers can use their unique ability to gather performance and service
usage data to personalize services and insert personalized ads.
At stake in this battle for the subscriber is hundreds of billions of dollars in revenue
from content alone, and the service providers position in the value chain whether as
a provider of commodity Internet access or as a conduit for value-added services. With
all the limitations of todays legacy BRAS-based architectures still in place, many service
providers are ill equipped to win their share of the revenue pie.
Pay TV
(big-screen TV)
Video
service edge
Video
servers
External
CDN or
transparent
cache
CPE
Fixed access
Aggregation
Internet
BRAS
Residential services today are delivered on separate IP service platforms; HSI service is
delivered through the BRAS router while video service is delivered through a separate
video edge router. Each service connects to a different device at the home (TV or PC),
often provisioned with a different IP address. This wall between services and lack
of unified subscriber treatment makes it difficult to deliver the blended, personalized
experience that subscribers want and is at odds with the demand for convergence
within the home.
An overlay architecture is also very expensive to deploy and maintain. Multiple IP service
platforms quickly deplete capital budgets, and the service overlays they spawn result in
complex provisioning and capacity planning in the access and aggregation networks.
Centralized architecture limitations
The HSI service that contains all the unicast video flows from Internet-based OTT providers is
delivered to subscribers from centralized BRAS routers deep within the service providers
network. Each time a subscriber starts a VoD session, a new video stream is created between
the servers/caches that contain the content and the subscriber. The resulting traffic crosses
the service providers entire network, from the peering point or transparent cache behind
the BRAS router all the way to the subscribers residence.
As more and more users shift to VoD content consumption, transport costs for video
skyrocket, and the resulting network and server congestion lowers performance and
service availability. With video taking center stage as the killer app for residential use,
central content injection and a central BRAS no longer make sense.
BRAS legacy obsolescence issues
BRAS routers may have impressive subscriber density for yesterdays Internet traffic mix
but, with Internet video in the picture, they lack the performance and capacity to keep
up. Actual subscriber density quickly drops as more and more users stream video, and
the economies of scale of a centralized BRAS architecture quickly crumble.
IPv6 migration is also an area of concern for service providers because so many legacy
BRAS routers lack the performance and scale of a carrier-grade network address translation
(NAT) capability to enable flexible IPv4-to-IPv6 migration. And because a BRAS is a
single-service delivery platform (HSI), it lacks the capability to delivery new features or
services beyond basic HSI or reap the operational and cost benefits of service convergence.
The BNG must sustain high throughput and be capable of 100G+ speeds with services
to support the rapid growth and monetization of video. This massive scale also enables
convergence: the ability to deliver all residential services from a common delivery platform
in the IP edge. Convergence enables a unified view of each subscriber with consistent
treatment of all the subscribers traffic across all services used. This enhances a service
providers ability to deliver a blended, high-quality service experience that is personalized
for each subscriber and eases the task of capacity planning across the different services.
Convergence also simplifies provisioning by removing the need for multiple service
overlays in the access and aggregation networks and the need for multiple IP addresses
per subscriber.
Figure 6. Distributed architecture based on a high-performance, enhanced BNG
IP services edge
Subscriber
Monetized
content cache
Blended, personalized,
high-QoE service
External
CDN or
transparent
cache
Service
Fixed access
Wi-Fi access
eBNG
The BNG must contain IP over Ethernet/Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (IPoE/DHCP)
subscriber management capabilities for multiservice support while remaining backwards
compatible with legacy Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE). Service intelligence
to help simplify provisioning and authentication and to ensure high availability is a
baseline requirement. Multiple queues per subscriber with flexible allocation are required
to ensure quality of service (QoS) for multiple services and applications.
In a distributed architecture, subscriber management, content caches and high-touch
processing capabilities move to the edge of the network, closer to the customer. By
distributing service intelligence to the edge, service providers can provision more bandwidth and fewer subscribers per Gigabit Ethernet (GigE) port to accommodate the growth
of video and other high-bandwidth services. VoD flows are limited to high-bandwidth
access networks and no longer traverse the entire IP network. This has the dual benefit
of enabling long-term scale and lowering cost per bit for video transport. Because VoD
content delivered by the service provider has a much shorter distance to travel compared
to content from the OTT VoD cloud, service providers can also offer significantly higher
service quality and performance than OTT offerings.
Service providers looking for a future-safe approach to delivering truly differentiated
residential services need to consider the benefits of introducing enhanced capabilities
such as high-touch processing to the common platform. High-touch processing enables
extension of IPv4-based services, OTT monetization and new types of service bundles
and service personalization for residential subscribers. The ability to distribute application
monitoring and policy enforcement capabilities right to the edge of the network
ensures the highest quality of service for residential customers. Along with the universal
gateway capability described in the next section, this enhanced ability to truly monetize
subscriber freedom is the value of the enhanced BNG ( eBNG).
Video
servers
Internet
Universal gateway
An enhanced BNG has the ability to bring other services and access methods to the
common platform. Service providers can integrate community Wi-Fi access to provide
exciting new service bundles that enrich the residential subscriber experience. They
can converge residential, business and mobile IP services on a single IP services edge
platform to reduce total cost of ownership (TCO) and provide universal access to any
content/application from any device, anywhere.
Service transformation: roadmap for success
With OTT VoD providers disrupting service provider business models and BRAS routers
lacking the performance and scale to support cost-effective video delivery and flexible
IPv6 migration, the time to begin broadband network transformation is now. Once
theyve deployed a high performance BNG at the IP edge of their residential network and
moved towards a more distributed architecture for subscriber management, service providers can truly start to capitalize on new revenue opportunities in the video-dominated
era of residential services (see Figure 7).
Figure 7. Flexible service transformation and new revenue opportunities
OBSOLETE
Legacy migration
Enhanced
video services
Real Wi-Fi
Wholesale Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi data offload
for 3G/4G
OTT monetization
Wi-Fi integration
Service providers can start by monetizing OTT applications, enforcing fair-share access
through personalized plans, offering Wi-Fi access or even enhancing existing video and
application services: the starting point will vary with each service provider. For example,
a service provider with existing linear TV services forming the bulk of their revenue may
choose to begin with enriching their video services through an on-net content delivery
network (CDN), while a service provider with no content experience may start by
optimizing their HSI service with application-based metering to create personalized plans.
Because each service transformation journey is likely to take many twists and turns as
subscriber needs, legislative constraints and even a service providers financial position
change, it is of paramount importance that service providers invest in a platform with
the flexibility to accommodate change.
Industry-leading performance
Based on current subscriber trends, Tier 1 and Tier 2 central offices (COs) will require
dozens of new 100GigE ports to handle unicast video growth over the next few years.
To meet this demand, Alcatel-Lucent recently delivered their third-generation network
processor (NP) for the Alcatel-Lucent 7750 SR, the FP3.
Supporting packet throughput of 400Gb/s, the FP3 provides the performance and highbandwidth port density to accommodate this video surge. All features are supported
at line rate so that network operators can create, monitor and control new feature-rich
services without impacting performance. Feature continuity with previous FP generations
enables FP3-enabled equipment to remain backwards-compatible while benefiting from
the latest performance enhancements.
Enabled by FP technology, the 7750 SR has the bandwidth and feature processing scale to
support service convergence and service blending, the benefits of which were described
in the section Market Trends and Challenges. Hundreds of thousands of subscribers can
be supported per chassis simultaneously to access multiple residential (VoD, HSI and
IPTV) or business (Ethernet VPN, IP VPN and business Internet) services.
10
VIDEO/CONTENT
eBNG EXTENSIONS
Carrier-grade NAT
Multiple tunneling and IPv6
migration capabilities
Integrated
Services Adapter
APPLICATION ASSURANCE
Application-to-subscriber
monitoring and control
Metering and fair-share usage
Service personalization and
consistency
SECURITY SERVICES
Distributed Denial of Service
(DDoS) attack mitigation
IPSec
IPv4
CGNAT
IPv4
eBNG
Internet
IPv4 subscriber
Migrate access and service
Carrier-grade NAT
IPv6
IPv4 transport in
IPv6 softwires
CGNAT
IPv4
eBNG
Internet
Dual stack
CGNAT
eBNG
11
Dual stack
Internet
The 7750 SR supports industry standards for softwires that tunnel subscriber IPv4
packets through the service providers IPv6 network to an IPv4 Internet.
Adopt network-wide dual stack capability
(Broadband Forum in WT-177 for IPoE and in WT-187 for PPPoE)
The 7750 SR supports wire-rate, dual-stack routing and large-scale, dual-stack subscriber
management (256,000 subscribers per chassis) to support dual-stack transition.
12
Subscriber
A
Subscribers
Wi-Fi
access
Voice
VoIP
Video
Video
Internet
Streaming P2P
Web
AIM
Netflix
YouTube
Voice
VPN access
Video
Gaming
Internet
Subscribers
Services
Application
groups
Fixed access
Boosted App
File transfer
Subscriber
B
AA
eBNG
Applications
BRAS
BNG
eBNG
13
n
ig
E
cute
xe
De
s
o n ito r
Unified:
Service management
Network management
Policy management
Reporting and analytics
OSS and billing
Basic plan
(volume/speed)
+
Flexible
recharge options
Prioritized*
Unlimited
Metered
+
Specialty app
package
+
Anywhere
Pay TV content
Anywhere
access
Pay TV content
Gaming, TV guide
Voice
Video
Internet
Other
Residential
broadband
service
Unlimited (off-peak)
Metered (at peak)
Netflix
Premium content is blended into the Internet service so that the subscriber can access
it from any device in the home or through a community broadband link. The service
provider offers this feature as an add-on to a basic metering plan. All content related
traffic including the content itself, the television guide and any related side-bar
content is identified by its application signature and is zero-rated (that is, not applied
against the subscribers cap).
Other selected applications, such as Facebook, are zero-rated for a nominal fee or
provided as a promotional incentive. OTT video applications such as Netflix are identified by their application signature and are metered.
Add-on features, such as unlimited Netflix off-peak, volume Netflix packages on-peak
or guaranteed high-quality boost for a period of time, are used to either minimize OTT
traffic concurrency at peak times or to monetize the flows.
OTT MONETIZATION
In the previous section, the AA capability of the Alcatel-Lucent 7750 SR allowed popular
OTT applications such as Facebook and Netflix to be monetized or used for promotional
purposes through specialized metering, billing and QoS arrangements. This is only a first
step in changing subscriber perception of the service provider as the provider of commodity
bandwidth to a provider of value-added services.
Service providers can extend the concepts and 7750 SR tools used to achieve personalized plans to develop a whole range of new application services. Service providers can
work with content providers, advertising providers, application providers and retailers
to set up specialized monitoring and control of their applications and services in a way
that adds value to subscribers. New revenue can be generated through revenue-sharing
arrangements with OTT vendors.
14
Examples include increasing the QoE for specialty OTT online applications or monetizing
HTTP error redirection. With specialty OTT applications, the BNG can be used to identify,
zero-rate or apply special treatment to traffic flows as they traverse the IP network.
Subscribers can enjoy the freedom of high-quality p2p video or gaming without the
timing glitches that frustrate play today. In HTTP error redirection, AA can be used to
identify and intercept erroneous page references in a URL issued by a subscriber. The
reference is forwarded to an advertising partner who provides an alternative suggestion
for a fee and is then forwarded to the subscriber.
15
For service providers without a mobile business unit, excess capacity of the Wi-Fi aggregation network can also be sold wholesale to mobile virtual network operators and other
mobile providers with a small radio footprint. The WLAN capabilities on the 7750 SR
are summarized in Figure 12.
Figure 12. New retail and wholesale revenue opportunities with Wi-Fi
Wireless
business unit
MVNO
IP services edge
Enterprise
Copper
Wireline
IP backbone
Internet
eBNG
Hot spots
Residential
Fiber
Network and policy management
ENHANCED SERVICES
Enhanced IPTV
For many service providers, the first step in enhanced video services with enhanced
BNG capabilities will start with IPTV. The Alcatel-Lucent 7750 SR supports multiple new
features that allow service providers to monetize and increase the quality of the IPTV
viewing experience:
PerfectStream video conditioning: The BNG sends two copies of the IPTV stream and
uses information from both to reconstruct a perfect stream with the highest possible
quality in cases of data loss or corruption.
Industrys fastest channel change: IPTV content is copied onto a running cache on
the BNG and forwarded to the subscriber when the channel is changed. This ensures
that the screen is not empty in the several seconds it may take to switch channels
when using the latest video compression formats.
Retransmit on error for high QoE: The information in the above cache is used to
reconstruct the multicast stream in case of error. This process ensures high video
stream integrity.
IGMP-based intelligence gathering: Requests for video content are redirected and
stored to augment business intelligence. This allows service providers to better
monetize and tailor their services and advertising campaigns to subscribers.
16
CDN
IGMP redirect with QoS adjust: Specific requests for video content can be redirected
to provide higher levels of service and increased QoS for higher-end subscribers.
Multiscreen IPTV: Providers can leverage the BNG to deliver their IPTV content
through multicast to the big-screen TV (through the set-top box) and through unicast
to any other device (through a home router). While this does not address unicast scale
issues, it is an excellent transitional step for service providers looking to provide device
freedom for their subscribers as they plan their CDN strategy.
Providers with IPTV services can leverage these 7750 SR features to continue generating
revenue and enhancing their offerings while preparing for a blended video experience
that brings in VoD and Internet content.
Internet
IP services edge
Subscriber
Linear TV
and VoD
origin
servers
Content
cache
eBNG
Fixed access
Wi-Fi access
Peer
caches
The introduction of a CDN moves the video streaming origin point and associated
bandwidth load from centralized video servers to distributed caches in BNGs located
in Tier 1 and Tier 2 COs. The decision of what content to cache is based on dynamic
demand, with stale content flushed as demand popularity declines over time. The
17
Content partner
origin servers
distributed caches with the BNG are cost-optimized for delivery of popular content
while caches deeper in the network are cost-optimized to support a deep content
library of less frequently watched content for a large audience.
Studies show that a distributed caching model based on a Velocix CDN results in a
70-90 percent bandwidth reduction between centralized video storage and distributed
caches during peak times. And because the content travels a shorter distance to the
subscriber, the QoE is far beyond anything an OTT provider can provide through their
Internet-based streaming servers.
Even though a distributed architecture greatly reduces the burden on the streaming origin
points, traffic at Tier-1 and Tier-2 COs is still expected to consume dozens of 100GigE
ports as these routers are tasked with pushing the content to individual subscribers
through the residential access network. 100GigE+ with features is far beyond the capacity
of many BNG routers in the marketplace today but well within the range of an FP3-based
Alcatel-Lucent 7750 SR.
The CDN delivery model can be used in a complementary role to the IPTV delivery
infrastructure to support both live broadcast and on-demand content requirements while
meeting user expectations for quality, availability and reliability. Service providers can
enhance their linear IPTV service with broader content choices and evolve the traditional
IPTV experience to an on-demand TV model as viewing habits evolve. Content can
be acquired by extending private content peering arrangements with a broad range of
content providers or through content federations.
CONCLUSION
To best meet subscriber demands for a broadband experience without boundaries while
achieving long-term network scale, service providers require a distributed residential
network and a new high-performance BNG. The Alcatel-Lucent 7750 SR is uniquely
qualified for this role by combining high-performance and industry-leading subscriber
management with a range of enhanced capabilities that allow service providers to truly
monetize subscriber freedom:
Industry-leading enhanced subscriber management: Resolves BRAS obsolescence
issues with the industrys most flexible, feature rich and robust subscriber
management platform.
Massive scale and performance: Delivers the sustained high throughput required to
support VoD growth and a converged residential IP edge that enables service blending
flexibility and lower network TCO.
Distributed service intelligence: Enhanced BNG capabilities based on integrated hightouch processing enable long-term scale and lower cost per bit for video transport, a
higher-quality and personalized experience for subscribers, and the ability to quickly
leverage new service opportunities.
Universal gateway: A truly unified Service Routing Operating System (SROS) enables
the 7750 SR to bring in additional services and service access networks to a BNG
platform. This opens up additional opportunities for service providers to monetize
subscriber freedom through retail or wholesale Wi-Fi access or to reap the benefits of
convergence through a unified IP services edge for residential, business and wireless
services (see Figure 14).
Billions of dollars in revenue and the service providers position in the services value
Evolution of the Broadband Network Gateway
ALCATEL-LUCENT APPLICATION NOTE
18
chain at stake. With todays centralized BRAS infrastructures requiring a major upgrade
to resolve end-of-life issues and accommodate IPv6 migration, the time to migrate to the
7750 SR is now.
Figure 14. Extending freedom, service uniformity, simplified operations and platform re-use across
residential, mobile and business customers.
LINEAR
TV
7750 SR IP services edge
Enterprise or consumer
Small Cells
VoD
LTE
7750 SR
Fixed access
Freedom of broadband
without borders
Freedom from cloud
threats and opacity
Freedom to access any
content, anywhere
Wi-Fi access
WEB
VPN AND
CLOUD
Evolved BNG (eBNG)
Cloud-optimized VPN and
business Internet services
Universal wireless data
services gateway
www.alcatel-lucent.com Alcatel, Lucent, Alcatel-Lucent and the Alcatel-Lucent logo are trademarks of
Alcatel-Lucent. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. The information presented
is subject to change without notice. Alcatel-Lucent assumes no responsibility for inaccuracies contained herein.
Copyright 2012 Alcatel-Lucent. All rights reserved. M2012032515 (April)