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Formulario Econometria I

Maria Haydee Fonseca , Octavio Martinez


1

Universidad de Chile
1.1
Departamento de Economia

Teoria Asintotica
Convergencia en Distribucion: Sea FN(X)
Pr{XN x} es una secuancia de vectores aleatorios y
F(x) Pr{X x}. Entonces XN d X cuando N
si limNFn(x) = F(x)x donde F(x) es continua. Otra
notacion es XN d F(x)
Convergencia en Probabilidad: Una sucesion de vectores aleatorios XN converge en probabilidad al vector x
(no aleatorio) si limn Pro{k Xn x k> } = 0 con
 > 0 y se denomina plimnXn = xo o Xn p x
Convergencia en Media Cuadratica: Una sucesion
de variables aleatorios XN converge en media cuadratica a
x (no estocastica) si limnE(k Xn x k2) = 0 y se
denota Xn q.m x.
Convergencia almost surely: Una sucesion de vectores
aleatorios XN converge almost surely al vector x (no aleatorio) si Pr{limnXn = x} = 1 y se denota Xn a.s. x
Desigualdad de Markov: si Z es una variable aleatoria
no negativa escalar: Pr(z > k) E(z)
k para k > 0
Desigualdad de Chebyshev: Sea X una variable
aleatoria escalar con segundos momentos finitos, entonces
Pr{|X E(X)| > } Var(X)
para  > 0
2
PN
WLLN 1 (Knintchine): si XN = i=1 Xi con Xi escalar IID y E(Xi) = finito, entonces XN p E(Xi) =
WLLN 2 (Chebyshev): si Xi escalar con E(Xi) =
i, Var(Xi) = 2i y Cov(Xi, Xj) = 0 y ademas
PN 2
1
limN N i=1 i M < , entonces XN
E(XN) p 0
TCL Lindeberg-Levy: Si Xi es una variable escalar
2
IID
con
E(X
)
=
,
Var(X
)
=

finito
tenemos
que
i
i

n(XN)
d

N(0, 1)

Cramer-Wold Device: si 0Xn d 0x donde Xn y x


vectores 6= 0 entonces Xn d x
TCL Multivariado: sea Xn el promedio muestral de vec-

tores {xi} IID con E(xi) = y V(xi) = finitos, entonces

n(XN ) d N(0, )
Teorema de Continuidad: Si Xn p x0 y g(x) es
continua en x = x0 entonces g(Xn) p g(x0)
Teorema de Slutzky: Si los vectores aleatorios Xn
e Yn tienen la misma dimension y ademas se tiene que
Xn p x0 y Yn d Y entonces 1) Xn + Yn x0 + Y 2)
Xn0 Yn d x0Y
Teorema del Mapeo Continuo: Si Xn d X y g(x)
es continua para todo x entonces g(Xn) d g(X)
Metodo Delta: sea ^n un vector aleatorio asintotica
mente normal con n(^n 0 d N(0, ) y g()
una funcion continuamente diferenciable en = 0 con

g()
jacobiano G0 | = 0 Entonces n(g(^n)
g(0)) d N(0, G0G00 )
Desigualdad de Cauchy Shwards: XY k X kk Y k
entonces (E(XY))2 E[X2]E[Y 2]
Desigualdad Jensen: k E(XX 0) k E k XX 0 k
Norma de Vectores: |X| = (X 0X)1/2
Norma de Matrices: k X k= (trX 0X)1/2
0
Derivadas de Matrices: 1) Ax
=
A
Para A una
x
x 0Ax
matriz y x vector 2) x = 2Ax 0
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^ = E
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H=

N
X
i=1

hD(i) +

N
X

Cij

(1)

j>i=1

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Result and discussions


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Formulario para Econometria I, Mayo 2015

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Summary and conclusions


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