Procedures:

PREPARATION:
1. First and foremost, before starting the experiment, make sure all the valves are closed and
all other connections are tight-fit and leak-free. (NOTE: to check if the valves are
closed, turn them in the clockwise direction.
)

Figure 1: All valves closed before priming

2. All hand and neck accessories should be put away in order not to cause any casualties
during the experiment.
3. Be on your working attire and avoid wearing unnecessary clothing such as a scarf in
order to avoid accident such as the cloth being eaten by the shaft when it is already
spinning.

4. Keep the gas cock open and the priming cap located in the
centrifugal pump in order for the air to be released when
priming.

Vertical
position means
gas cock is
open!

Figure 2: Gas cock open

Figure 3: Open the Priming cap for the air

and water to come out
START-UP OPERATION/PRIMING:
5. After all things are prepared and ready, turn on the axial pump with the switch located
above it to start the priming.

The switch is
located here!

Push this to turn

on!

Figure 4: Turning on the Axial Pump

6. Once the axial pump is turned on, open valve #4 to allow the water into the centrifugal
pump. (NOTE: To open, turn the valve in a counter-clockwise direction.
)

7. Wait for a few minutes to see to it that the water comes out of the priming cap of the
Opening
Valve
#4 water is still not coming out of
centrifugal pump.(NOTE:Figure
If you 5:
have
observed
that
the priming valve, strike the flange of the centrifugal pump located at the bottom of
the floor. This process will close the foot valve and will let the water fill the pump
and not be sucked down.)

Strike it like
this with a
pole

This is
what you
will strike
with the
pole

Figure 6: Troubleshooting if water is still

not coming out of the priming cap

8. When water finally comes out of the priming valve, turn the shaft of the centrifugal pump
to release some of the trapped air.

A lot of air
bubbles!

No air
bubbles!

Turn the shaft to

remove air bubbles!

Figure 7: Removing Air Bubbles

9. After the air is removed, the gas cock and the priming cap can now be closed.

Horizontal position
means it is closed!

Figure 8: Closing the gas cock

10. Turn on the centrifugal pump and at the same time, open the valve beside it as fast as you
can and make sure that the pressure does not cross the red line. Keep it turning as fast as
you can until the valve is fully opened. (NOTE: before turning on, close valve #4 first.
(SEE Figure 5))
No accessories
please so
remove these!

This is the valve

that you will open

Turn counterclockwise as fast as

you can

Turn this On!!!

Figure 9: Fully Opening the Valve of the

Centrifugal pump

Beware of the red

line! Keep
Spinning! And
FAST!

Figure 10: Pressure Gauge of the

Centrifugal Pump
11. Adjust the bypass valve to obtain the desired pressure. When the desired pressure is
achieved, the valve located near the Kaplan Turbine can now be opened. Record the
pressure reading.
12. Turn off the axial pump and close valve #4. (SEE Fig. 4 and Fig. 5)
TURBINE OPERATION
13. Open valve #9 in the Kaplan turbine to feed it with water in the brakes. (NOTE: do not
fully open this valve as this causes the water to splash from all directions. Just
adjust it enough for the water to pass through and wont splash.)

Figure 11: Opening of the valve #9

SAFETY PRECAUTION: If by chance you smell like theres something burning,
you can adjust valve #9 to add more water to the brakes. Consequently, this will affect the
speed of the turbine thus changing your readings. There will be no choice but to redo the
readings. So a tip, before starting the reading, adjust valve #9 enough to give water without
enabling you to smell something burning throughout the experiment.
14. Open valve #10, which is the inlet valve for the turbine.

Figure 12: Opening of inlet valve of the

Kaplan Turbine

15. Adjust the lever in order for the main shaft to turn. (NOTE: Make sure that the vane
setting is at the center at the start of the operation.)

Make sure the vane

setting is at the
center at the start of
the operation.

Adjust this for the

propeller to start
spinning!

Figure 13: Default Settings of the Turbine at

the start of the operation
16. You can now take the readings needed for the experiment.
17. Adjust the guide vanes to the desire setting. Record the setting.
18. Load the turbine by placing weights on the pan and adjust the screw rod connected to the
belt until the arm rested at the center of the pointer. Record the weight used and the
rotational speed from the gage connected on the belt drive.

Take the
speed here

Inlet and outlet

pressure gauge

Adjust vane setting

here

Place the weights

here

Figure 14: Kaplan Turbine

19. Note the reading of the pressure gauge at inlet and outlet.
20. To measure the volume flow rate, use the flow meter using the v notch weir. When the
water levels on the crest, the scale reading must be in zero, if not then subtract or add the
corresponding needed value. Record the reading in the scale.

Figure 15: The V-notch weir and the scale

reading

21. Repeat steps 16- 19 but with a different vane angle setting (2.7, 5, 10.5, 15.2, 19.5, 23,
26.7, 29) and weight. (for vane setting, refer to Fig. 13)
22. Tabulate all the acquired data.
23. Graph any relationships of the values taken from the operation to your own discretion.
SHUTTING DOWN:
24. Close valve #10 of the inlet opening of the turbine. (Refer to Fig. 12)
25. Close valve #9. (NOTE: You can simultaneously close both valves.) (Refer to Fig. 11)
26. Return the vane setting to the center. (Refer to Fig. 13)
27. Turn off the centrifugal pump. Once you turn it off, turn it slowly until the pointer
reaches the red line. After that, spin the valve as fast as you can until it is fully closed.

Data and Results:

Weight: 1 kg
Vane Setting

Inlet Pressure

2.7
5
10.5
15.2
19.5
23
26.7
29

0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.4
0.4
0.3

Discharge
Pressure

Speed
450
800
1300
1600
2100
2350
2600

Triangular
Weir (cm)
28.6
31
33.7
37.9
39.4
40.2
41.7

Rectangula
r Weir (cm)
5.7
5.7
5.7
7.2
5.6
5.9
7.9

Triangular
Weir (cm)
28.4
31.2
33.6
35
38.3
39.4
41.5

Rectangula
r Weir (cm)
7.1
3.2
5.9
1.4
1.2
1.1
1.1

Triangular
Weir (cm)
27.9
31.2
33.1

Rectangula
r Weir (cm)
5.5
5.5
6.3

Weight: 2 kg
Vane Setting

Inlet Pressure

2.7
5
10.5
15.2
19.5
23
26.7
29

0.45
0.45
0.45
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4

Discharge
Pressure

Speed
0
400
700
1400
1750
1950
2000

Trial 2:
Weight: 1 kg
Vane Setting

Inlet Pressure

2.7
5
10.5

0.45
0.45
0.45

Discharge
Pressure

Speed
300
650
1100

15.2
19.5
23
26.7
29

0.45
0.45
0.4
0.4

1400
2100
2300
2550

36.2
39.7
40.4
41

7.8
5.2
5.8
7.4

Speed

Triangular
Weir (cm)
29.1
31.8
32.9
36.2
38.7
39.5
40.8

Rectangula
r Weir (cm)
7.4
3.8
4.8
2.1
1.6
1.3
1.1

Weight: 2 kg
Vane Setting

Inlet Pressure

2.7
5
10.5
15.2
19.5
23
26.7
29

0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.4
0.4
0.4

Actual Weir
22.65
25.5
27.4
29.55
34.15

Discharge
Pressure

0
350
600
1250
1600
1900
2100

Torque (N-m)
5.89581
5.89581
5.89581
5.89581
5.89581

Power Output (kW)

13.89170752
26.85730121
44.45346407
55.56683009
77.79356212