Cseitquestions.blogspot.

in IT/CSE
TWO MARKS QUESTION BANK
UNIT-I
1. What is Software Architecture?
The Software Architecture of a program or computing system is the
structure of the system, which comprise software elements, the externally
visible properties of those elements, and the relationship among them.
2. Why is Software Architecture Important?
Communication among stakeholders.
Early design decisions
Transferable abstraction of a system
3. Differentiate Software Architecture and Software Design
Software Architecture
Define Guidelines
Fundamental Properties
Cross-cutting concerns
High impact
Communicate with business
stakeholders
Manage uncertainity
Conceptual Integrity

Software Design
Communicate with developers
Detailed Properties
Details
Individual Components
Use guidelines
Avoid uncertainity
Completeness

4. How Architectural Structures have been divided?

Module Structures
Component and Connector Structures
Allocation Structures
5. List out the components of module based structure
Decomposition

Cseitquestions.blogspot.in IT/CSE
Uses
Layered
Class of Generalization
6. What are the components included in allocation structures?
Deployment: This view allows an engineer to reason about
performance, data integrity, availability and security.
Implementation: This is critical for the management of
development activities and builds processes.
Work-Assignment: This structure assigns responsibility for
implementing and integrating the modules to the appropriate
development teams.
7. Write the nature of development of organization
There are three classes of influence that come from the developing
organizations:
a) Immediate business b) Long-term business c)
Organizational structure
An organization may have an immediate business investment in
certain assets, such as existing architectures and the product
based on them.
An organization may wish to make a long term business
investment in an infrastructure to pursue strategic goals and may
review the proposed system as one means of financing and
extending that infrastructure.
The organizational structure can shape the software architecture
8. How architectures are influenced by the technical environment?
A special case of the architects background and experience is
reflected by the technical environment

Cseitquestions.blogspot.in IT/CSE
The environment that is current when architecture is designed
will influence that architecture.
It might include standard industry practices or software
engineering prevalent in the architects professional community.
9. What is architecture business cycle?
It is a description of a system, used to represent relationship among
structures/components of the system to the environment in which the system is
developed and implemented.
10. List out major part of the ABC
How organizational goals influence requirements and
development strategy
How requirements lead to architecture
How architectures are analyzed
How architectures yield systems that suggest new organizational
capabilities and requirements
11. List the activities in ABC
Creating the business case for the system
Understanding the requirements
Creating or Selecting the architecture
Documenting and Communicating the architecture
Analyzing or evaluating the architecture
Implementing the system based on the architecture
Ensuring that the implementation conforms to the architecture
12. Define Functional Requirements

Cseitquestions.blogspot.in IT/CSE
Functional requirements may be calculations , technical details, data
manipulation and processing other specific functionality that define what a
system is supposed to accomplish. Behavioral requirements describing all the
cases where the system uses the functional requirements are captured in use
cases.
13. State Non-Functional Requirements
Non-Functional Requirements is a Requirement that specifies criteria
that can be used to judge the operation of a system, rather than specific
behaviors. This should be contrasted with functional requirements that define
specific behavior or functions.
14. Describe the technical constraints for programming language
A specific programming language will be required for various reasons.
For example, the customer may have a Java or Ruby or Microsoft shop. You
might simply prefer a certain language over another, or have specific
expertise that dictate using a particular programming language.
15. Define Quality Attributes
Quality attributes are the overall factors that affect runtime behavior ,
system design and user experience. They represent areas of concern that have
the potential for application, wide impact across layers and tiers. Some of
these attributes are related to the overall system design,while others are
specific to run time,design time, or user centric issues.
16. List out Run time qualities
Availability
Interoperability
Manageability
Performance
Reliability

Cseitquestions.blogspot.in IT/CSE
Scalability
Security
17. What do you mean by Supportability?
Supportability is the ability of the system to provide information helpful
for identifying and resolving issues when it fails to work correctly.
18. State Testability
Testability is a measure of how easy to create the test criteria for the
system and its components, and to execute these test in order to determine if
the criteria are met. Good testability makes it more likely that faults in a
system can be isolated in a timely and effective manner.
19. Define User quality attributes
Usability defines how well the application meets the requirements of the
user and consumer by being intuitive, easy to localize and globalize by
providing good access for disabled users and resulting in a good overall user
experience.
20. What is the design of Quality Attributes?
Conceptual Integrity
Maintainability
Reusability
21. Differentiate Functional and Non-Functional Requirements
Non-Functional Requirements describe how the system works, while
functional requirements describe what the system should do
Part-B
1.Explain influence of architecture in various field
2. Differentiate functional and non functional requirements

Cseitquestions.blogspot.in IT/CSE
3. Explain the activities of ABC
4. Explain in detail about module structure
5. Explain common quality attributes in software architecture

UNIT-II
1.) What do you mean by Functionality?
Functionality is the ability of the system to do the work for which it was
intended.
2.) What are the three categories of Quality Attributes?
System Qualities
Runtime Qualities
Design Qualities
User Qualities
3.) Define QAW
The QAW is a facilitated method that engages system stakeholders early
in the life cycle to discover quality attribute requirements of a software
intensive system.
4.) Why architectures are important?
Architecture is a common vehicle for stakeholder communication
Architecture manifests the earliest decisions
5.) Why is architecture important for QAs?
Software architecture substantially determines many of the system
quality attributes
If the architecture hasnt been designed to support certain quality
attributes, is hard to add support through detailed design and
implementation only
The realization of many quality attributes does not depend on one
module alone
The decomposition of the system affects its quality attributes
6.) What is an architectural scenario?

Cseitquestions.blogspot.in IT/CSE
An architectural scenario is a crisp. Concise description of a situation
that the system is likely to face in its production environment, along with the
definition of the response required of the system.
7.) How will you achieve desired quality attributes in the design construction?
Architectural styles
Patterns
Transforming QA into functionality
Tactics
Perspectives
8.) What do you mean by interoperability?
It si the quality of a system that enables it to work with other
systems
It includes the quality to work with other systems not yet known
9.) Differentiate availability and reliability
Availability is an attribute that measures the propotion of time of
the system are up and running.
Reliability is an attribute that measures the systems ability to
continue operating overtime

10.) List the attributes related to portability

Adaptability
Installability
Conformance
Replaceability
11.) Mention the reasons why the use of quality attributes is not common
Misunderstanding of their importance
Inadequate languages for expressing them
Inadequate specification of quality requirements in projects
Inadequate modeling methods and notations
Inherent difficulty in designing for quality attributes
Lack of documented design and architectural patterns
The fact that quality control is an after the on most projects
12.) Mention the steps involved in QAW
Introductions and AQW Presentation
Business/Programmatic Presentations
Identification of Architectural drivers
Scenario Brainstorming

Cseitquestions.blogspot.in IT/CSE
Scenario Consolidation
Scenario Prioritization
Scenario Refinement
13.) State the benefits of QAW
QAW provides for a wide variety of stake holders to gather in one room
at one time very early in the development process
Identification of the conflicting assumptions about system requirements
Provides increased stake holder communication, an informed basis for
architectural decisions, improved architectural documentation and
support for analysis and testing throughout the life of the system
14.) Mention the need of documenting Quality attributes
The QAW provides an opportunity to gather stakeholders together to
provide input about their needs and expectations with respect to key quality
attributes that are of particular concern to them.
15.) What are the six part scenarios in Quality attributes?
Source
Stimulus
Artifact
Environment
Response
Response measure
16.) What is the need to go for quality attribute scenarios?
To solve solutions for problems like:
The definitions provided for an attribute are not operational
A focus of discussion is often on which quality a particular aspect
belongs to
Each attribute community has developed its own vocabulary

17.) List out the possible values used for the testability scenario portions
Scenario Portion
Possible Values
Source
Unit developer, increment integrator, system verifier,
client acceptance tester, system user
Stimulus
Analysis, architecture, design, class, subsystem
integration, system delivered
Artifact
Piece of design, piece of code, complete system

Cseitquestions.blogspot.in IT/CSE
Environment
Response
Response Measure

At design time, at development time, at compile time, at

deployment time
Provide access to state data values, observes results,
compares
% Coverage: prob.of.failure; time to perform test;
length of time to prepare test environment

18.) How security Scenario can be characterized?

Non Repudiation, Confidentiality, Integrity, assurance, availability and
auditing
19.) How usability scenario can be divided?
Learning system features
Using system efficiently
Minimizing the impact of errors
Adapting the system to user needs
Increasing confidence and satisfaction
20.) List out Business Quality Attributes
Time to market
Cost and benefit
Projected lifetime of the system
Targeted Market
Rollout schedule
Integration with legacy systems

UNIT-III
Two mark questions
1.What do you interpret from the term 4+1 view model?
The logical view, which addresses the functional requirements of a
system
The process view, which addresses the concurrent aspects of a system at
runtime
The deployment view, which shows how run-time components are
mapped to the underlying computing platforms
The implementation view, which describes the organization of static
software modules such as source code, data files, etc.

Cseitquestions.blogspot.in IT/CSE
The use-case view, which is used to drive the discovery and design of the
architecture
2.Define Views and how will you represent.
A view is a representation of one or more structural aspects of an architecture
that illustrates how the architecture addresses one or more concerns held by
one or more of its stakeholders. A view may be narrowly focused on one class
of stakeholder or even a specific individual, or it may be aimed at a larger
group whose members have varying interests and levels of expertise.
3.Give example for Logical View.
4.Compare Physical view and Development view.
5.State few benefits and limitations of Viewpoints.
6.Differentiate view and viewpoint.
7.When will you say that the views are consistent?
8.Classify the types of inconsistent views.
9.Classify the critical roles played by Scenario view point in 4+1 view model.
10.Show the three step procedure to choose a view.
11.Illustrate the different kinds of views.
12.What is a called a view packet?
13.Summarize the characteristics of the classes of logical architecture.
14.What are the two strategies available to analyze the level of concurrency in
4+1 view model?
15.Give the significance of SEI model.
16.Give the usage of operational view point.
17.Mention the styles used for logical view and development view.
18.How the 4+1 view is seen by the software industry? Generate the scenarios
that are considered difficult and easy.

Cseitquestions.blogspot.in IT/CSE
19.What is called an architectural element?
20.Compose any two UML notations for module view type.
UNIT-IV
TWO MARK QUESTIONS
1. Define an architectural pattern
An architectural pattern is a concept that solves and delineates
some essential cohesive elements of cohesive elements of software
architecture
2. Differentiate Architecture Style and Architectural Pattern
Architecture Style
Architectural Pattern
It tells about what components and It tells about how the components
connectors are to be used (What?) and connectors are to be
implemented (How?)
Less domain specific
More domain specific
3. What do you meant by concurrent processing
Concurrent processing takes advantage of virtual or physical
parallelism to split computation into several parts like processes, threads.
4. Mention the variations in data flow systems
Control: Push versus Pull
Degree of concurrency
Topology
5. List the key aspects of routines
Routines correspond to units of the task to be performed
Combined through control structures
Routines known through interfaces(argument list)
6. What are called layered systems?
An ordered sequence of layers, each layer offers services
(interfaces ) that can be used by programs(components) residing with
the layers above it
7. State the strength and weakness of layered systems
Strengths:

Cseitquestions.blogspot.in IT/CSE
Clear dependence structure benefits evolution
o Lower Layers are independent from the upper layers
o Upper layers can evolve independently from the lower
layers as long as the interfaces semantics is unchanged
o Strict Layering: Limits propagation of change
Reuse
Weakness:
Not universally applicable
Performance
8. Mention some of the properties of object oriented architecture
Data hiding
Can decompose problems into sets of interacting agents
Can be multi-threaded or single thread
9. List some examples for event based implicit invocation
Debugging systems(listen for particular breakpoints)
Database Management systems(for data integrity checking)
Graphical User interfaces
10.State the properties of layered systems
Support increasing levels of abstraction during design
Support enhancement(add functionality) and re-use
Can define standard layer interfaces

11.What do you meant by open and closed layer architecture?

Closed architecture
Each layer only uses services of the layer immediately below
Minimizes dependencies between layers and reduces the impact of
a change
Open Architecture
A layer can use services from any lower layer
More compact code, as the services of lower layers can be
accessed directly

Cseitquestions.blogspot.in IT/CSE
Breaks the encapsulation of layers, so increase dependencies
between layers
12.What are the properties of a model-view-controller
One central model, many views(viewers)
Each view has an associated controller
The controller handles updates from the user of the ciew
Changes to the model are propagated to all the views
13.What do you meant by code on demand?
Client has resources and processing power
Server has code to be executed
Client requests the code and obtains it then runs it locally
14.What are called State-Transition Architecture?
System structures in terms of states, state transitions, that is
useful for architectural real time
Systems
15.What is called distributed process Architecture?
Program consists of distributed components organized into a
static or dynamic configuration this is a special case of the objectoriented architecture
16.Mention the properties of pipes and filters
Pure data driven interaction
Each component has a set of inputs and a set of outputs
Data transmitted as a whole between filters
Filters are independent programs that can be recombines freely to
build family of systems
Each transformation step is completed before the next step starts
Filters ignore identity of others filters
17.What are the components in black board systems architecture?
The software specialist modules, which are called knowledge
sources(KSs)
The blackboard, a shares repository of problems, partial
solutions, suggestions and contributed information.
The control shell, which controls the flow of problem solving
activity in the system

Cseitquestions.blogspot.in IT/CSE
18.What are the uses of rule based systems
Rule based systems are used as a way to store and manipulate
knowledge to interpret information in a useful way. They are often used in
artificial intelligence applications and research
Rule based systems can also be used to perform lexical analysis to
compile or interpret computer programs, or in natural language processing
19.Give an example of an event driven architecture
When a consumer purchases a car, the cars state changes from
for sale to sold. A car dealers system architecture may treat this
state change as an event whose occurrence can be made known to other
application within the architecture
20.What do you meant by match resolve act in a rule based system?
Match: The left-hand sides of all productions are matched against the
contents of working memory.
Conflict-Resolution: One of the production instantiations in the conflict
set is chosen for execution. If no productions are satisfied, the
interpreter halts
Act: The actions of the production selected in the conflict-resolution
phases are executed

21.Mention some of the message delivery issues in a publish subscribe

system
The broker in a publish subscribe system may be designed to
deliver messages for a specified time, but then stop attempting
delivery, whether or not it has received confirmation of successful
receipt of the message by all subscribers
A publisher in a publish subscribe system may assume that a
subscriber is listening when it is not
22.List some of the heterogeneous styles
REST

Cseitquestions.blogspot.in IT/CSE
C2
Distributed objects
Object oriented and client server network style
CORBA

UNIT-V
Two mark questions
1. Point out the advantages and disadvantages of ADL.
Advantages of ADL:
Provide flexibility
Provide high level of abstraction
Provide testing and verification ability
Provide simplicity
Provide software quality
Reduce cost and time
Disadvantage of ADL:
Limited operability
Lack of automatic extensibility
Limits the design freedom
Problems with concurrency control
Poor resource utilization
Do not handle periodic tasks
2. Express the objectives of formal methods.
Requirements specification
- Clarify customers requirements
- Reveal ambiguity, inconsistency, incompleteness
System/software design
Decomposition
- Structural specification of component relations

Cseitquestions.blogspot.in IT/CSE

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

- Behavioral specification of components

Refinement
- Demonstrating that next level of abstraction satisfies higher
level
List the properties that ADL should exhibit.
Ability to represent components along with property assertions,
interfaces and implementations
Ability to represent connectors, along with protocols, property
assertions and implementations
Abstraction and encapsulation
Types and type checking
Ability to accommodate analysis tools openly.
List the disadvantages of UML as an ADL.
Weakly integrated models with inadequate semantics for analysis
Connectors are not first class objects
Visual notation with little generation support, hidden and
ambiguous relationship between views both too much and too
little
List the rules for sound documentation.
Documentation should be written from the readers point of view,
not the writer
Avoid repetition
Avoid unintentional ambiguity
Use of standard organization
Record rationale
Keep it current
Review documentation for fitness of purpose
How do ADL differ from programming languages?
ADL differ from programming languages in that programming
languages in that programming languages aim to bind specific solutions
with the architectural abstractions while ADLs deliberately suppress
such binding
What is cloud computing? List the various services provided by them.
Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, ondemand network access to shared pool of configurable computing
resources that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal
management effort or service provider interaction. The cloud model is

Cseitquestions.blogspot.in IT/CSE
composed of five essential characteristics, three service models and four
deployment models.
Services provided:
Infrastructure as a service
Platform as a service
Software as a service
8. What are the pitfalls in Informal description?
Vagueness
Barriers during communication caused by vagueness
Infeasibility in system validation
Weakness in architectural behavioral description
9. Show the significance of SOA.
More flexibility (business agility)
Reduced cost of operation through consolidation
Higher quality
Reduced risk, cost and complexity for development
Lessen the dependencies on vendors
Good service design (partitioning) will outlive your middleware or
implementation technology
Commoditizing more and more parts of the IT infrastructure
10.State the need for formal languages.
To support model oriented specification- Specify system behavior
by constructing a model in terms of well-defined mathematical
constructs
To support property oriented specification- Specify behavior in
terms of properties that must be satisfied
To support visual specification- Specify system structure and
behavior by graphical depictions
To support execution specification- Specify system behavior
completely enough that specifications can run on a computer
11.Differentiate Open and closed systems.
Closed system
- Fixed set of elements
- Adaptation can only act on them to keep the system on track
Open system
- Elements can appear and disappear

Cseitquestions.blogspot.in IT/CSE
- Adaptation must both discover existing elements and act on
them to keep the system on track
12.Give the uses of architectural documentation.
A vehicle for communicating the systems design to interested
stakeholders at each stage of its evolution
A basis for performing up-front analysis to validate architectural
design decision and refine or alter those decisions where necessary
The first artifact used to achieve system understanding
13.How control, relationships and data are indicated in visual notation?
Control is indicated as solid lines
Data is indicated as dotted lines
Relationship is represented as arrow between the nodes
14.Classify the fundamental capabilities of ACME.
Architectural interchange
Extensible foundation for new architectural design and analysis
tools
Architecture description
15.Show the different perspectives of a system defined by UML.
Design
Implementation
Process
Deployment
16.What do you meant by view template and view catalog?
A view template is the standard organization for a view. The purpose of
a view template is that of any standard organization : it helps a reader
navigate quickly to a section of interest and it helps a writer organize
the information and establish criteria for knowing how much work is
left to do.
A view catalog is the readers introduction to the views that the
architect has chosen to include in the suite of documentation
17.Compare ADL with other Programming Languages.
ADL differ from programming languages in that programming
languages aim to bind specific solution with the architectural
abstractions while ADLs deliberately suppress such bindings.
18.Which UML diagrams are examples of behavioral descriptions?
Ordering of interactions among elements
Opportunities for concurrency
Time dependencies of interactions

Cseitquestions.blogspot.in IT/CSE
Interaction diagrams or state charts as defined by UML are
examples of behavioral descriptions
19.Compose the steps to create your own Web service.
1.Create a project in the Eclipse workspace of type 'Dynamic Web
Project', which
will host your web service.
2. Write the Java code (the 'business logic') that implements your web
service
functionality.
3. Use Eclipse to automatically generate the components (WSDL etc.)
that will
transform the Java code into a web service, and then ask Eclipse to run
that web
service for you.
4. Create another project of type 'Dynamic Web Project', which will
host the client
application that you will use to access and test the web service.
5. Use Eclipse to automatically generate a set of web pages that function
as a client
interface to call the web service.
6. Use the web page client to send a request to the web service and
observe the web
service's response.
20.Design a template for documenting a view using UML.

Cseitquestions.blogspot.in IT/CSE