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SESSION : 2

General Safety Requirements

General Safety Requirements


Objectives
1.

Our VISION - Health, Safety & Environment

2.

General site safety rules, Personal behavior and conduct.

3.

Duty of Care Employer Responsibilities , Employee obligation

4.

Signs

5.

Personal Protective Equipments ( P.P.E.)

6.

Smoking Regulation, Traffic rules, Site Access & Security

7.

Welfare & First Aid Facilities.

8.

Reporting Incidents

9.

Emergency Procedure - In case of accidents, FIRE

10.

Safety Inspections. Safety Monitoring Meeting.

11.

Safety Trainings

12.

Safety Motivation - Safety Incentive Scheme, Disciplinary


Action.

13.

Workplace Hazard & Solutions (Housekeeping, Working at


height, FIRE etc)

General Safety Requirements


Our VISION - Health, Safety & Environment
1. All accidents, illnesses, property damage and pollution are
avoidable and are to be prevented
2. No job is so urgent or demanding that it can not be done
safely
3. Adhering to HSE rules is a condition of employment
4. Setting examples through our behaviour
5. Nobody Gets Killed, Nobody Gets Seriously Injured
6. No High Risk Incidents
7. No harm to Environment

Every person returns home safely to

his family at the end of the day.

General Safety Requirements


General site safety rules, Personal behavior and conduct.
1. Prohibited

Items

Radios,

Cassette

players, CD player, Music Systems


2. Possession, use and sale of alcohol and
drugs as well as entry to the Site under
the influence of alcohol or drugs should be
forbidden.

3. Fighting and Running should be strictly


forbidden;
4. Abusive or aggressive behavior is not
permitted;
5. Tampering

with

safety

equipment

is

forbidden;
6. Causing damage on purpose or misuse of
facilities on the job site is forbidden;

General Safety Requirements


Duties of Employer to Protect Employees
Every employer shall provide adequate preventive
equipment to protect workers against the dangers of

employment accidents and occupational diseases


that may occur during the work, and also against fire
hazards

and

other

hazards

(working

at

height,

Chemical etc) that may result from the use of machines


and other equipment.

General Safety Requirements


Employees obligation on safety
Every worker shall use the protective equipment
and the clothing supplied to him for this purpose, shall
comply with all instructions given by the employer to
protect him against hazards and shall not take any
action liable to hamper compliance with such
instructions.

General Safety Requirements


Employees are obliged to
1.

Follow correct instructions, dont take chances, if they dont know, they should
ask.

2.

Correct/report unsafe conditions and help to keep everything clean and


orderly.

3.

Use right tools and equipment for the job, use them safely.

4.

Report all injuries, get first aid promptly.

5.

Use, adjust and repair equipment only when authorized.

6.

Use prescribed equipment, wear safe clothing and keep them in good
condition.

7.

Dont horseplay, avoid distracting others.

8.

Comply with all safety rules and signs.

9.

Not to intentionally or recklessly interfere with anything provided in the interest of


health and safety PPEs, Fire Extinguishers, Signages etc.

General Safety Requirements


SIGNS
Safety signs are useful tools to help
protect Health & safety of us and
workplace visitors.
Therefore, meaning and purpose of signs

to be understood and complied with.


Everyone should abide by the safety
signs displayed.

Mandatory Signs
Remind us where
PPEs must be used,
Indicates mandatory
actions

Warning Signs
Draw attention to
health and safety
hazards Point out
hazards that may not
be obvious

Prohibition Signs
Indicates where
certain actions are
prohibited

Safe Signs
Provide general
information and
direction. Shows the
location of emergency
equipments

General Safety Requirements


PPE

Personal protective equipment is a safeguard against job hazards. When used as intended
along with other preventative measures, PPE minimizes or eliminates risks to employees.

SAFETY HELMET & SAFETY SHOES are Mandatory PPE


Other PPE shall be used as per the hazards present in your
work area

Safety glasses / Face shields Flying particles

Hand Gloves Protection from sharp objects and


chemicals

Ear muffs/ plugs Protection against hearing loss

Dust Mask / Escape Mask Dust, Mist, Gas Hazards

Harness Protection from falling

Remember! PPE is the last line of defense before contact.,


hence should not be considered as first option for protection

General Safety Requirements


SMOKING REGULATION

NO SMOKING POLICY SHOULD BE ADOPTED FOR THE ENTIRE


CONSTRUCTION AREA

Smoking Zone:

If Reasonable & Practicable a designated


SMOKING ZONE with suitable Fire Fighting
equipments, Ash Drum for stubbing cigarettes

butts to be provided

This SMOKING ZONE must be away from any


sources of ignition.

CARELESS SMOKING IS ONE OF THE MAJOR CAUSE OF FIRE

General Safety Requirements


SITE TRAFFIC RULES TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS CLAIMS SEVERAL LIVES
TRAFFIC HAZARDS: Over speeding, Unskilled drivers, Not following traffic rules etc
SPEED LIMIT must be fixed as per the site requirements.
Other Traffic rules must be complied with.

No reverse policy at site (Making Round about / U Turn)

No overtake

Camel Hump Speed Breaker

Drive defensively

Not using mobile phone while driving

Usage of Seat belts for driver as well as passenger

Never ride on construction vehicle (JCB, FLT, bobcat etc)

Following Local Traffic Rules Strictly

Care other road users while driving

General Safety Requirements


Site Access & Security
A competent security can protect property from loss by
theft, fraud, fire (arson) and other form of damage.
All security-men to be trained in fire fighting and
emergency response.
They have the right to frisk all employees, vehicles and
equipment entering and leaving the site.
-Verify the Employees ID card
-Enforce drugs & alcohol policy,
-No smoking policy at the premises.

-Restrict unauthorized entry


-Material incoming / outgoing

Visitor will have to Carry his visitor ID available with security guard.

General Safety Requirements


Welfare Facilities at site
Welfare facilities at the project must be as per the total current and planned strength of the
project and must meet legal requirements.
TOILET

1. Sufficient Drinking water /


Wash area
2. Adequate number of Toilet /
Urinals as per legal req.
3. Dining /Rest area - well
ventilated, lights, cleaned &
maintained

Dining area with food rack

General Safety Requirements


FIRST AID Facility

Ensure the availability of sufficient first aid medicines (First


Aid

Spray,

Bandages,

Antiseptic

Solvent,

eye

wash,

Ointments etc) and First aid equipments (Stretcher, examine


table, trolleys, thermometer, eye wash station etc) as per the
legal requirements

Trained and Experienced First Aid providers

First Aid Case Register (Date, Time, Name, Location, Nature


of injury, Remarks etc) to be maintained for each case.

Insist and ensure that all


minor / major injuries are
reported to the first aid
provider / Safety Dept.

General Safety Requirements

Types of
incidents
to be
reported

Never Hide any incident / accidents. Hiding incidents to avoid any


blame can give chances to other similar and more severe accidents.

Never fix blame of accidents instead find the cause and take
preventive actions to avoid recurrence.

General Safety Requirements


IN CASE OF ACCIDENT
1. Stay calm, do not panic.
2. Inform your supervisor and the nearest first aid center.
3. Dont touch the injured person if you suspect that he has been
electrocuted.
4. If any material is lying on the injured person, assist others in removing it.

5. Dont move the injured person unless it is VERY essential to do so; you
may be hurting him by unnecessary movements
6. Move him only if there is further risk of injury to the casualty at the scene

of accident.
7. Dont give any drinks or food to the injured unless directed by
competent persons.

General Safety Requirements


SAFETY INSPECTIONS
Safety Representative with coordination with supervisors conduct the following safety
inspections which are an effective tools for proactive monitoring of OHS performance.
1.

Daily site safety inspection

2.

Weekly joint safety inspection

3.

Lifting tools / tackles

4.

Fire extinguishers

5.

Scaffolds / ladders

6.

PPE safety harness

7.

Power tools / ELCB

8.

Mechanical equipment

9.

Required 3rd party inspection

All the inspections are to be recorded in prescribed formats and findings are being closed
Line management should respond in time to close the findings of safety inspections.

General Safety Requirements


SAFETY MONITORING MEETING
This is another proactive approach for monitoring OHS performance.
It must organized on monthly basis, chaired by PM / CM.
Safety Engineers / Officer should record the minutes of meeting, circulate

the agenda well in advance and follow up the implementation of the minutes.

Attendees: All Engineers / Foremen, Subcontractors Supervisors, Safety


Officers

Objectives
1. To find solutions for any HSE issues remaining unresolved during the previous
months,
2. To identify the problem areas and to work out suggestions for improvement,
3. To investigate accidents incurred during the previous month and if any, to

implement ways to prevent recurrence of the same in the future.


4. To decide any special safety requirements to be taken during running month
arising out of the new site activities to be carried out.
5. To review the implementation of the HSE plan

General Safety Requirements


Training:
A best techniques to motivate the employees towards safety for a positive H&S
culture.
Training will give the employee a boost to his confidence while performing
the task.
Appropriate job skill & positive orientation of mind helps to reduce incident
rate.

General Types of trainings:


1. Safety Induction Training
2. Daily / Weekly Tool Box Talk
3. Job Specific Training
4. 3rd Party Approved Safety Training
Legal requirements to inform significant
workplace hazards and measures

General Safety Requirements


1. Safety Induction Training
All the employees to receive a detailed HSE induction
training which includes site safety rules, site specific hazards,
emergency procedures and key contacts.

An induction sticker along with ID card should be


issued to each employee after induction training.

Safety Induction Training - Contents

Site location and general information of the project.


Information about key personnel at site.
Key Elements of H & S policy (A COPY TO BE
DISTRIBUTED).
Duties and Responsibilities of Employers/Employees.
Safety Awareness talks/Tool box talks.
Importance of PPE (Safety Harness/Hard Hat/Safety
Shoe/Hand Gloves/Ear Plugs/ Goggles etc).
Emergency Procedures and reporting system in case
of FIRE/ACCIDENT.
Welfare facilities on site -FIRST AID ROOM/LUNCH
ROOM/REST ROOM/CANTEEN/ WATER
COOLERS/WASHING AREA/ TOILETS/ URINALS etc.
Protection of employees and others from the
hazardous activities such as:

Plant, Machineries & Equipments.

Working at Heights- Shuttering/de- shuttering

Scaffoldings/ladders/ Scissor Lift / Boom


Loader

Concreting / Roof work/ plastering/ painting/


block work etc.

Electricity- Power tools


Hand Tools/Cartridge and pneumatic power
tools.
Lifting Tools and Tackles.
PTW System
Handling/ storage of Hazardous material in
construction
(COSHH).
Reporting of Unsafe Acts/ Conditions/ Near
misses.
Fire prevention/Location of Fire extinguisher/
Emergency
Assembly point.
Information signs/ warning signs and their
meanings in
different languages.
Safety Motivation schemes.
Prohibition and restrictions on Photography,
Horseplay,
fighting, sleeping, smoking,
alcohol and drugs.
Vehicle entry and site security procedure.
Other project specific Instructions

General Safety Requirements


Training Topics not limited but may include
GENERAL SAFETY TRAINING
SAFETY POLICY
WORKING AT HEIGHT

EXCAVATION

JOB SPECIFIC TRAINING

FIRE SAFETY
EMERGENCY EVACUATION
HEAT STRESS

POWER TOOLS

3RD PARTY SAFETYTRAINING

LIFTING TOOLS & TACKLES

CRANE OPERATOR

LADDER SAFETY

PTW TRAINING

SIGNALMAN

PPE TRAINING

HOT WORK - GAS CYLINDER

FIRST AIDER

MSDS CHEMICAL

SCAFFOLDINGS

DRIVING SAFETY

FIRE WARDEN

WORKING ON SCAFFOLDS

ACCIDENT / NEARMISS
MANUAL HANDLING

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

CRADLE OPERATOR

MEWP OPERATOR

General Safety Requirements


Motivation Techniques Incentive Scheme
Reinforcing safe behavior in the minds of employees, by
means of positive motivational schemes, is a vital factor in
any management system to sustain their interest.
It increases the awareness, interest, and willingness of
employees to act in ways that increase their personal
safety, and that of co-workers, and that support an
organizations stated goals and objectives
The

use

of

incentives,

awards,

certification,

and

recognition to motivate employees to perform safely is an


established tool.

Incentives are rewards with some strings attached,


commonly known as the carrot and stick approach

General Safety Requirements


Motivation Incentive Scheme
Supervisors Duty:

A major responsibility of line management, with the


safety & health professionals assistance, is to motivate
workers to follow safe practices & procedures.

Ensure

your

under

working

employees

have

attended all required safety training / toolbox


Criteria
for Safety
Incentive
Scheme

meetings

Encourage them to give suggestion / report


nearmiss/ accidents /

Discourage Unsafe Actions

General Safety Requirements


Safety Day / Safety Award Ceremony
Individual project and their team can be awarded
with Safety Trophy.
The award must be decided based on the HSE
performance rating which can be evaluated through
effective HSE Audit procedures.

This award can be celebrated among the project


team.
Safety Quiz, Contest, Safety Exhibition can be
organized and winners can be rewarded.

General Safety Requirements


Motivation - Disciplinary action
While we believe that Health and Safety at work places
can be achieved through Engineering Control, Educating
the workforce and Encouraging safe practices.
We also ensure to discourage unsafe practices and
violations through appropriated disciplinary actions for
the violators/offenders.
Tools to discourage unsafe behaviors
- Verbal Warning
- Written Warning Notice
- Wage deduction
- Suspension from site for the period less than 10 days

General Safety Requirements


Commonly observed safety violations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.

Smoking at undesignated smoking zone


Employee at site without Safety Induction
Employee without Safety shoe & Helmet
Employees not using task specific PPE
Unauthorized person working on equipment
Person on unsafe/incomplete scaffold
Working/standing @ unsafe height/edge
Failure to follow Permit-To-Work system
Tool Box Talk not conducted
Equipment use without 3rd party inspection
Horseplay or Manhandling
Over-speeding while driving vehicle in site
Mis-handling of Safety equipments
Failure to report Incident or Near-miss
Eating/sleeping/resting @ un-defined areas
Urinating at places other than toilets.

WORKPLACE HAZARDS

& SOLUTIONS

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


COMMON HAZARDS PRESENT AT SITE
1.

Housekeeping

2.

Fire

3.

Working at height

Ladders ,

Scaffold,

Fall protection while work at height

MEWP

4.

Electrical safety

5.

Lifting & rigging

6.

Manual Handling

7.

Environmental hazards

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


1. HOUSEKEEPING

A Place for everything and everything is in its place.

Poor housekeeping is a major cause of slips, trips and


falls.

A tidy site and workplace means: You can


get to your place of work more easily and quickly.
work efficiently
find your tools and materials easily

How to maintain good housekeeping?


1.

Include the removal of generated debris from the area in


the activity itself.

2.

Ensure that the access are clear from any obstruction,

3.

Material should be stacked adequately.

4.

Adequate number of waste skip, food waste bins, chemical


waste area to be maintained at site.

5.

The construction waste should be removed from the site on


regular basis.

6.

Depute a dedicate housekeeping team for common areas.

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


2. FIRE
A composition of Fuel, oxygen and heat is set out as Fire

FIRE

is

construction
injuries
property
disrupt

big

hazard

at

site, it kills and


people,

and

may

production

destroys
seriously
and

the

construction process.

Practical steps can be taken to

prevent and minimize the risk of


fire in the site.

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS

JLT C1 Tower

18th January 2007

12:30 pm
CUASE
UNSAFE HOTWORK IN
LIFT SHAFT

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


FIRE - cause
Poor safety practices cause FIRE
1. Hot work Welding, Cutting etc.
2. Overheating of machineries
3. Electric short circuit and
overloading
4. Improper storage of Flammable
& Combustible liquids
5. Poor Housekeeping
6. Careless Smoking

7. Arson

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


FIRE - Prevention
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Adequate Fire Safety training


Effective PTW for all hot work
Good maintenance of electrical equipments
Restriction of smoking.
Sufficient Fire Points
Deputing competent security to avoid ARSON
Good housekeeping, Proper storage and clean up of combustible
and flammable liquids
8. Regular FIRE Safety inspection in site and camps.

EVERY EMPLOYEE & VISITORS MUST KNOW

The department / Area


emergency procedures and
evacuation routes / Fire Exit.

Locations of
extinguishers in your
area and How to use

The local
The location of FIRE
Emergency
ALRAM & How to raise Contacts FIRE
997, Police-999,
the ALRAM
Ambulance - 998

The location
of Assembly
point

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


FIRE - Fighting
A Class Fire (solid ) - Free
burning materials, paper, wood,
plastics etc
B Class Fire ( LiquidHydrocarbon ) - petrol, diesel,
kerosene etc.
C Class Fire (Gas ) LPG,
Acetylene, methane, hydrogen
etc
D Class Fire (Metal) potassium, sodium, magnesium
etc.

E Class Fire-( Electrical


Hazards) - energized electrical
equipment. As long as its
plugged in.

FIRE CLASS

FIRE
EXTINGUISHER

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


Know How to use Fire Extinguishers

Know Fire Emergency Response

PASS

RACE

R Rescue any person/s in immediate danger (only if safe to do so)


A Alarm Raise the alarm & follow emergency procedure
C Contain Close doors / windows to contain the FIRE
E Extinguish attempt to extinguish the fire

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


FIRE Emergency Evacuation
Need for a systematic Fire Evacuation Plan & Fire Drill?

Inadequate Fire Training


may leads to this

General Safety Requirements


FIRE Emergency Evacuation
ON DISCOVERY OF FIRE FOLLOWING ACTION WILL BE TAKEN IMMEDIATELY
1.

Stay calm, do not panic.

2.

Shout FIRE, FIRE and raise alarm.

3.

Inform others who may be in danger.

4.

Shut down your equipment safely

5.

With the minimum of personal risk, attack the


FIRE

6.

In the event that the fire can not be extinguished,


evacuate the building using one of the designated
Exit routes and go to nearest ASSEMBLY
POINT

7.

Inform Safety Dept / PM / CM

DO NOT USE LIFT/HOIST.


DO NOT RE-ENTER THE AREA UNLESS DECLARED SAFE.

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


3.Working at Height

It means work in any place, including a place at or below


ground level or when a person is accessing or exiting from such
a place (except via a staircase in a permanent workplace)
where if regulatory measures are not taken, a person could fall
a distance likely to cause personal injury.

Working at height is always a


high-risk activity.

Falls are the largest cause of

accidental

death

in

the

avoided

by

construction industry

It

needs

provision

to

be

of

suitable

access

equipment being properly used.


Most of Fall accidents occurred due to fall from less height

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


Working at height - Hazards
a. Fall

of person
Falls from a higher level
Falls to a lower level
Falls to the same level
Slips / Trips

b. Fall of material
Throwing tool, Fall from
unprotected edge / openings

Cause of Fall Hazards:


From Ladders,
Through gaps or holes in working platforms
(Scaffold etc),
From unprotected edge of floor or floor opening
Through fragile materials and whilst accessing areas.

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


Working at Height- Hazards

Fall from Scaffold

Fall from Ladder

Fall from unprotected edge

Collapse of scaffold

Leading cause of accident

Fall of materials

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


Working at height - Prevention
Prevention of Falls:
1. Do not work at height unless it is essential;
2. Ensure that the working platform is

Secure & Stable;


Footed on stable
ground/support/structure;
support the weight of those persons using
it and any materials; and
There is adequate working space to
undertake the work;

3. Ensure that all open edges are protected by


use of guard rails, barriers, etc.
4. Ensure suitable fall protection and give
priority to collective Fall Protection over
personal.

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


Scaffolds

An elevated, temporary work platform.

Scaffolds Hazards & Cause


1. Collapse of scaffolds Missing tie /
Bracing, Inadequate foundation

2. Fall from scaffolds Unguarded work


platforms, Damaged planks, gaps
3. Fall of materials Missing toe boards /
Gaps in platform, Over height of
materials at edge, loose materials at
unprotected edge

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


What make a SAFE and Complete Scaffolds
1. Erected, modified
and dismantled by
competent scaffolders only.
2. Erected on firm ground available with sole
plate and base plate.
3. Safe means of access and egress
4. Fully planked Scaffold platform and at least
600mm in width.
5. Suitably tied with the structure
6. All platforms with guard rails (Top Rail, Mid
Rail), and toe board
7. All four side Bracing
8. Scafftag to identify safe
& unsafe
scaffolding
SAFE

Competent person should formally inspect scaffolding


after initial erection, after significant alteration, after any
destabilizing event, and at least once 7 days

UNSAFE

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


What make a SAFE and Complete Scaffolds

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


Mobile Scaffolds

Mounted on castor wheels and are hazardous.

What make a Safe Mobile Scaffolding:1. Erected, modified and dismantled by competent
scaffolders only.
2. Height of the mobile tower shall not exceed 4 times
the smallest base width.
3. Use outriggers in accordance with manufacturer
4. Used only on firm, level, clean surfaces.
5. Moved on leveled surfaces only by pushing or
pulling or both.
6. Provision of internal ladder with trap door.

For Rolling the scaffold:


1. Make sure that the path is clear, no
material/person on the platform. Then unlock the
wheels to push the scaffold
2. Apply the force no more than five feet above the
ground.
3. Re-Lock the wheels when move ends / scaffold is
stationary
Scaffold casters and wheels shall be locked before any one is allowed to work on the
platform. These casters shall be capable of supporting the safe working load of the scaffold.

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


Mobile Scaffolds

Major cause of mobile scaffold accidents

Moving Tower with person/ material on it.

Frame used as access

Missing Brick Guard causes material fall

Overloading of Scaffold Platform

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


Ladders

Ladder should be used as a means of access and for short period of work.

What make a safe ladder:-

1. The angle - between 65 750 to the


horizontal (1 : 4) four up, one down
2. Extend at least 1 m ( 3 ft) above the
step-off point.
3. Must be tied at the level of the platform.
4. Firm & fitted with a non-slippery foot
hold.
5. No rung should be missing.
6. Rungs / step shall be clear of oil / grease
etc.,

- Avoid working off a ladder for long time


- Secure top & bottom of ladder when using as access of platform
- Make sure that only one person at a time is on the ladder.
- Dont carry materials in your hand while using ladders

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


Ladders

Many falls occur while ascending to / or descending from the ladder

Safe method for getting on / off ladder 3 Points Contact Rule

Maintain three point contacts


two hands & one foot or two
feet & one hand.

Never stand any higher


than the third step from
the top of a ladder.

Clean muddy or slippery


footwear, check the rung for
slippery surface

Dont stretch or reach


beyond the side rails of
ladder.

Face the ladder when


ascending or descending.

Dont use metal ladder near


energized electrical
equipments

Don't use makeshift ladder.

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


Edge Protection

means a barrier erected to prevent employees from falling to lower levels.

1. Must withstand 200 pound


force
2. Constructed by competent
team
3. Constructed of suitable
materials Steel Pipes, Steel
Wire ropes
4. Tied and anchored using
standard means Post , Uclamps

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


Examples of Edge Protection

Using 10mm wire rope 3 lines

Using timber

GI Pipes, Vertical Posts, Timber as Toe board

Combined with table formwork

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


UNSAFE

SAFE

While Form work

After Slab concreting

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


UNSAFE

SAFE

Floor openings MEP openings

Lift Shaft openings

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


Fall protection while formwork
Means of access, Fully boarded
platform
Use of Safety harness with anchorage
100% tie off by using twin lanyard

LIFE LINES ERECTION WITH ATLEAST THREE CLAMP

Fully boarded platforms

Access Ladder

ERECTION OF SECONDARY BEAMS

Edge Protection fixed with Table Form

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


Fall protection while Steel Structure work
Additional Hazards - Fall of structure, Crush in
between two steel members, Complex to provide fall
protection

1. Secured steel members


2. Fixed / Rolling scaffolds or MEWP
(Mobile Elevated Platform) such
cherry picker, Scissor lift to be used.
3. Provision of Safe access and egress
4. Provision of life line for anchoring
harness
5. Use of Safety harness with
anchorage
6. Safety Nets
7. Edge protection after sheeting work

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


Fall protection while roof work
Fragile area, slopes are additional
hazards, while working at roof (height).

1. Means of access, roof ladders


2. Provision of lifelines at work area
3. Use of Safety harness with
anchorage
4. Safety Nets
5. Edge protection / Warnings
6. Closed / Guarded openings
Skylights etc

More workers fall to their deaths from, or through, roofs.

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


Fall arrest system
PFAS Safety Harness, Self retractors etc
CFAS Safety Net , Fans , Air bags, Edge
protection system

PFAS: means a system used to arrest an employee in a fall


from a working level.

It consists: an anchorage, connectors, Dee Ring, a body

belt or body harness and may include a lanyard,


deceleration device, lifeline, or suitable combinations of
these.

Connector

Dee Ring

Harness

Lanyard

Self retractor
Deceleration
Device

Grab system
Vertical lifeline

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


Fall arrest system
Effective January 1, 1998, body belts were prohibited as a fall
arrest device.

What all do we consider before using PFAS?

Free-Fall Distance
Total Fall Distance
Anchorage Point Strength and Location

Therefore,
a. Anchor the harness above your
shoulder height with a strong anchor
point which can sustain your weight.
b. provision of suitable anchorage points

c. Training on how to use PFAS

The anchor point must be able to support at


least 5000 pounds.

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


Fall of materials
Cause

Throwing tool, Use of unsafe tools,


Unsafe Scaffolds - Missing toe boards /
Gaps in platform, Over height of
materials at edge,

Loose materials at unprotected edge

Prevention
1. Use of safe tools
2. Restricting throw of tools and materials
3. Use of tool pouch & tool lanyard
4. Use of ropes with bucket to get material at
higher level.
5. Safe

scaffolds

with

toe

guard

&

edge

protection

6. Keeping materials away from leading edges

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


MEWP

are designed to provide a temporary working platform which can be easily moved from
one location to another.

Such as Telescopic boom - Cherry pickers, scissor lifts,


etc.

1. Trained competent and physically


capable operator
2. Six monthly inspections by 3RD Party.
3. Must be used on level, stable ground.
4. Fully Extended Outriggers
5. Follow SWL (Safe work load)
6. Regular maintenance as per supplier
instructions
7. The user of any MEWP must inspect the
safety critical items before each use
- tyres, brakes, alarms, hydraulics, and
any other critical systems.
8. Operators and passengers must wear a
full body harness and have this clipped
securely to the platform at all times.

It is prohibited to leave the basket at any time whilst elevated.


Planks, ladders etc should not be used to gain extra reach or height.

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


MEWP MOBILE ELEVATED WORKING PLATFROM

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


Electrical Safety

Electricity is another major hazard which can injure, kill and destroy
company assets, and also is often the main source of FIRE

The hazard of electricity includes Burn, Shock, Arc, FIRE


and Electrocution.
The dangers are particularly increased where electrical
equipment is used to adverse conditions, on site in wet or
damp areas, or where voltage is more lethal.
Causes of Electrical Failure
1. Damaged Insulation, Poor cable routing,
2. Inadequate over-current protection (fuses, RCDs etc)
3. Inadequate earthling
4. Overheated apparatus
5. Earth leakage current
6. Loose contacts and connectors,
7. Unprotected connectors
8. Overloading,
9. Improper ELCBs,
10. Incompetent workers, Unauthorized repair,
11. Carelessness and complacency
12. Poor maintenance and testing
13. working in wet areas, improper sockets,

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


Electrical Safety

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


Electrical Safety Prevention
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Avoid live working


Ensure good insulation / enclosure of live conductors
Isolation (LOTO) and earthing of conductors
ELCBs on 30 mA tripping current rating.
Maintain a safe distance from live conductors
Maintenance and testing
Suitable selection of equipment (Cables, Industrial Sockets
etc)
8. Avoid overloading implement one plug one socket
9. Maintenance, testing and Inspection (Power tools, DBs etc)
10. Avoid cable under water / oil Cable route management,
11. Rain hood for DBs
12. Competent Electricians -Only authorized repairs
13. Sufficient training and supervision
DONT Operate switches with hands wet
with water or flammable materials.

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


Lifting & Rigging

The cranes are widely used in construction industries for material


handling lifting & shifting

The hazard of electricity includes Overturn of Crane,


Collision with structure, Overhead Electrical Hazards, Load
fail, Material damage, Personal injury etc
Causes
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

of Crane Failure
Untrained Operator & Signalmen
Poor condition of Cranes and lifting tools
Not following manufacturer instructions
Not following Load Limit SWL
Overloading - Placing crane on uneven surface.
Poor communication between crane operator and
signalmen
7. Improper slinging
8. Coming under suspended load
9. Swinging of loads non use of tagline
10. Dragging / Pulling loads using crane
11. Not maintaining regular maintenance and inspection
schedule
12. Working in adverse weather condition High wind
speed

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


Lifting & Rigging

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


Lifting & Rigging
Prevention

1. Comply with the manufacturer's specifications


2. Follow safe work load load capacity, angle
according to load chart
3. Valid 3rd party certification for all lifting tools
Crane, Slings, Shackles etc
4. Trained crane operator and dedicated signalmen
for each crane
5. Hand signals those prescribed by ANSI standard
for the type of crane in use.
6. Competent person inspect all machinery and
equipment:
prior to each use,
and during use,
7. Must be uniformly leveled and located on firm
footing.
8. Riggers should check load, centre of gravity, use
correct slings, softeners where necessary
9. Respect the weather condition Wind speed
Only one man should give signal. If hand signal is not visible to operator
Walkie talkie can be used.

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


Tandem Lift Where two cranes used to lift a major structure

Tandem Lift Decrease 25% of total SWL of two cranes

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS

Know the Sling Capacity SWL

Do not stand under


suspended load

Stay away from slings


when they are being
pulled out

Use tagline to
control the loads

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


Manual Handling

Back Injuries are the 2nd-most common workplace problem

The hazard of Manual handling includes Low back pain,


Hand injuries, Slip & Trip etc
Causes
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Improper lifting
Twist & Jerk
Overweight of loads
Bulky loads
Insufficient Environment Lighting, Floors, Steps,
Access
Awkward position

Prevention
Carrying the load

1. Hold the load close so you can see over it.


2. Keep the load balanced.
3. Avoid twisting the body
4. Watch out for pinch points -- doorways, etc.

5. Face the way you will be moving.

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


Manual Handling
Prevention
1. Plan the lift.
2. Know the weight of the material to
be lifted.
3. Use mechanical aids wherever
possible.
4. If load is heavy or awkward - get
help.
5. Adopt a good posture to keep the
back straight.
6. Get a firm grip of the load.
7. Carry out lifting movement smoothly.
Do not jerk,.
8. Move the feet- dont twist the trunk.
9. Keep the load close to the trunk.
10.Position feet, shoulder width apart,
giving a balanced and stable base for
lifting.
11.Wear PPE.

WORKPLACE HAZARDS & SOLUTIONS


Lift With the Legs -- NOT THE BACK.

Correct
Manual
Handling
Plan the Lift

Get Help with


heavy or
awkward
loads!

Get Help if
Needed.

Lift With
the Legs

Carry the load

Use the
right
tools!

Quiz
1.

LIST Two mandatory PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) required to


wear while entering site? 2m

2.

Write THREE Kind of incidents needs to be reported? 3m

3.

What are the THREE components of Fire Triangle? -3m

4.

What is P A S S / What is R A C E 4m It is related to FIRE

5.

What are the TWO Major hazards while working at height ? 2m

6.

What makes a SAFE SCAFFOLDS, Write any FOUR? / Write FOUR


preventive measures while using Crane for Lifting? 4m

7.

Write THREE don'ts of Mobile Scaffolds? / THREE don'ts of LADDER? 6m

8.

T / F Safety Belt can be used instead of Safety Harness -2m

9.

T / F We should always Lift load with our legs not with the back 2m

10. T / F At a time from one location 2 or more person can give signals to
crane operator. 2m

Answer
1.

Safety Helmet and Safety Shoes

2.

Fire, First Aid Case, Property Damage

3.

Oxygen, Fuel, Sources of ignition

4.

P A S S Pull the pin, Aim Low, Squeeze handle, Sweep side by side. /
R A C E Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish

5.

Fall from height, fall of materials

6.

What makes a SAFE SCAFFOLDS, Write any FOUR?


a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.

Erected, modified and dismantled by competent scaffolders only.


Erected on firm ground available with sole plate and base plate.
Safe means of access and egress
Fully planked Scaffold platform and at least 600mm in width.
Suitably tied with the structure
All platforms with guard rails (Top Rail, Mid Rail), and toe board
All four side Bracing
Scafftag to identify safe & unsafe scaffolding

Answer
/ Write FOUR preventive measures while using Crane for Lifting? Any four
a. Comply with the manufacturer's specifications
b. Follow safe work load load capacity, angle according to load chart
c. Valid 3rd party certification for all lifting tools Crane, Slings, Shackles etc
d. Trained crane operator and dedicated signalmen for each crane
e. Hand signals those prescribed by ANSI standard for the type of crane in
use.
f. Competent person inspect all machinery and equipment:
prior to each use,
and during use,
g. Must be uniformly leveled and located on firm footing.
h. Riggers should check load, centre of gravity, use correct slings, softeners
where necessary
i. Respect the weather condition Wind speed
7.

Write THREE don'ts of Mobile Scaffolds?


- Dont move mobile scaffold with person / material on it
- Dont overload the mobile scaffold
- Dont use frame as access

Answer
/ THREE don'ts of LADDER?
a.

Never stand any higher than the third step from the top of a ladder.

b.

Dont stretch or reach beyond the side rails of ladder.

c.

Dont use metal ladder near energized electrical equipments

d.

Dont use makeshift ladders

8.

T / F Safety Belt can be used instead of Safety Harness -FALSE

9.

T / F We should always Lift load with our legs not with the back TRUE

10.

T / F At a time from one location 2 or more person can give signals to


crane operator. FALSE

END OF SESSION 2

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