FERTILIZATION

Ampulla
Intramural

Isthmus
Infundibulum

Fimbria
O vary

Structure of Uterus
Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

Fertilisation
Sperm
nucleus

Acrosome

Plasma
membrane
of sperm

Enzymes
from the
acrosome

Zona
pellucida

Capacitation occurs in the female genital tract

proteins from the surface of sperms

Sperm in cytoplasm
of oocyte

removal of seminal

1st Week Morula Formation

2 cell stage

4 cell stage

Polar body
Zona
pellucida

WEEK 1

1st Week Morula Formation

2 cell stage

4 cell stage

Polar body
Zona
pellucida

1st

Zona
pellucida

Week - Blastocyst
8 cell stage

Morula

Morula becomes
blastocyst - 5th day
Inner cell
mass

Zona
pellucida
8 cell stageDegenerating
zona pellucida

Morula

Blastocyst
cavity

Trophoblast
Later blastocyst

Early blastocyst

st Week Implantation
1(blastocoele)
is formed between the trophoblast & the inner cell mass
Fluid from the uterine cavity passes into the morula

Trophoblasts
actively divide to
form:
Cytotrophoblasts
Inner layer of well
defined cells

Syncytiotrophoblast
Multinucleated
cell mass

a cavity

Syncytiotrophoblast

Bilaminar
Bilaminar
embryonic
disc
embryonic disc
Exocoelomic
Exocoelomic
membrane
membrane
Exocoelomic
cavity cavity
Exocoelomic

Cytotrophoblast

nd

2nd Week
Inner cell mass (embryoblast) differentiates into
E piblast gives rise to primitive
ectoderm
WEEK
2
H ypoblast replaced by primitive endoderm
Syncytiotrophoblast

Amniotic
cavity

Week

Amnion

Epiblast

Endometrial epithelium

Extraembryonic mesoderm

ells derived from

he yolk sac wall
orm extraembryonic
mesoderm (EEM),
which fills the space
etween the
ophoblast
xternally and the
rimary yolk sac and
he amnion internally

Exocoelomic cavity

Cytotrophoblast

Exocoelomic
membrane

Hypoblast

Amnion

Cytotrophoblast

Maternal
blood in
lacunae

Extraembryonic
mesoderm
(Primary
mesoderm)

Bilaminar
embryonic
disc

Primary
yolk sac

Endometrial
epithelium

WEEK 3
3rd Week
The lateral margins of
the neural plate
become elevated to
form neural folds with
neural groove
between them

Neural
groove
Neural fold
Neural plate

Neural plate with its

Somite
folds and groove are
(paraxial mesoderm)
open to the amniotic
cavity
(i.e. on the body
surface in the middle of
the back)

Notochord

3rd Week Subdivisions of Somite

Myotome

Dermatome

42 - 44 pairs
Somatic
Mesoderm

Sclerotome
Splanchnic
3rd Week
Mesoderm
Development Vertebral Body

Cranial portion
(loose)

Caudal portion
(dense)

WEEK 4
4th Week
Forebrain

Yolk sac

Notochord

Cloacal
membrane

Intraembryonic
coelom

Neural crest

Notochord
Yolk sac

ecting

4th Week

Heart

Connecting
stalk

Somatopleure
Yolk sac

he end of 3rd week the flat embryonic disc becomes cylindrical because of the formation
Hindgut
head fold, tail fold & 2 lateral foldsForegut
Developing spinal ganglion
Amnion

wth of the neural(cut)

tube causes
the head & tail folds Tailfold
Headfold
wth of the somites causes the lateral folds
Midgut

Intraembryonic
coelom

Midgut

rgins of the four folds bound the primitive umbilical opening

Yolk stalk
Yolk sac

Lateral fold

4th Week

Extraembryonic coelom

Yolk sac

dorsal part of the yolk sac included within the head fold becomes the foregut

Dorsal
dorsal part of the yolk sac included within the tail fold becomesmesentery
the hindgut.
Allantois

Spinal
ganglion
Somite

dorsal part of the yolk sac included within the lateral folds Amnion
becomes the midgut
Midgut

Umbilical cord

Lateral
abdominal
wall

Yolk stalk

mid gut is continuous with the ventral part of the yolk sac through the
stalk, vitelline duct or vitellointestinal duct

yolk stalk normally disappears

Amnion

WEEK 5

5th Week
Epiaxial division
Supplied by
dorsal rami

Epiaxial myotome- intrinsic muscles of back

Erector spinae and tranversospinalis

Supplied by ventral rami

Hypaxial division

Segmental pattern
retained in some
regions

5th Week

The apical ectodermal ridge in

& controls the differentiation of
& muscles

Hand plate & foot plate 5th week

Digital rays 6th week

Digits 7-8 Wks

(The mesenchyme in between the
digits undergo apoptosis)

Major derivatives of the embryonic germ layers

Location
Upper1Limb
rotator+cuff
rotator+cuff
rotator+cuff

Name
Pectoralis+Major
Deltoid
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres+Minor

Teres+Major
rotator+cuff

Upper1Limb1with1
Vertebral1Column

Subscapularis

Trapezius

Latissimus+Dorsi
Levator+Scapulae
Rhomboid+Minor+&+Major

Serratus+Anterior

Action
Flexion(Shoulder)++++++++++
Abduction+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Medial+rotaion+(Humerus)
Abduction+(Shoulder)
Abduction+(deltoid)
Lateral+rotaion+(arm)
Lateral+rotaion+(arm)
Abduction+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Medial+rotation+++++++++++++++
Extension+(arm)
Media+rotation++++++++++++++
Adduction+(arm)

Innervation
Lateral+&+Medial+Pectoral+
Axillary
Suprascapular
Suprascapular
Axillary

Lower+Subscapular
Upper+&+Lower+Subscapular

Upper+fibers+G+elevate+clavicle+&+
scapula+Middle+G+retract+scapula+
to+midline++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Lower+G+depress+scapula+Upward+
roation+of+scapula
CN+XI+G+Spinal+Accessory
Extension+++++++++++++++++++++++++
Adduction++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Medial+rotation
Thoracodorsal
Elevates+&+downwardly+rotates+
scapula
C3,4,+5(dorsal+scapular)
Elevates+&+downwardly+rotates+
scapula
C5+(dorsal+scapular)
Protracts+scapula+++++++++++++++
Abduction+&+upwardly+rotates+
scapula+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Keeps+scapula+against+thorax
Long+Thoracic

Arm191Anterior1
Compartment

Arm191Posterior1
Compartment

Corocobrachialis

Flexion

Brachialis
Biceps+Brachii

Flexion+(forearm)
Supination+++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Flexion+(forearm)

Triceps+Brachii

Extension+(forearm)

Forearm191Anterior1
Compartment1
Superficial
Pronator+Teres
Flexor+Carpi+Radialis
Palmaris+Longus
Flexor+Carpi+Ulnaris
Flexor+Digitorum+Superficialis

Musculocutaneous+(C5,6)
Musculocutaneous+(C5,6)++++++++
Radial+
Musculocutaneous+(C5,6)+++++++

Radial+(C6,7,8)

Median
Median
Median
Ulnar
Median

Forearm191Anterior1
Compartment1Deep Flexor+Digitorum+Profundus
Flexor+Pollicis+Longus
Pronator+Quadratus

Tips+of+fingers
Thumb
Cuff+around+wrist

Median+(lateral+(2,3))++++++++++++++
Ulnar+(medial+(4,5))
Median
Median

Forearm191Posterior1
Compartment1
Superficial
Brachioradialis
Anconeus
Extensor+Carpi+Radialis+Longus

Halfway+between+supination+&+
pronation
Radial
Extension+(triceps)
Radial
Radial

Extensor+Carpi+Radialis+Brevis
Extensor+Carpi+Radialis+Ulnaris
Extensor+Carpi+Radialis+Digiti+
Minimi
Extensor+Digitorum

Radial
Radial
Radial
Radial

Forearm191Posterior1
Compartment1Deep Supinator
Abductor+Pollicis+Longus

Thumb

Extensor+Pollicis+Longus

Thumb

Extensor+Pollicis+Brevis

Thumb

Extensor+Indicis

Index+Finger

Radial+(posterior+interossus+
branch)
Radial+(posterior+interossus+
branch)
Radial+(posterior+interossus+
branch)
Radial+(posterior+interossus+
branch)
Radial+(posterior+interossus+
branch)

Interossi1muscles

Dorsal+Interossi+Abducts+(DABS)
Palmar+Interossi+Adducts+(PADS)

Abduction+(fingers)
Adduction+(fingers)

Ulnar
Ulnar

Thorax

External+Intercostal
Internal+Intercostal
Innermost+Intercostal

Down+G+inwards
Down+G+outwards

Intercostal
Intercostal
Intercostal

Posterior1
Abdominal1Wall

Diaphargm
Quadratus+Lumborum
Psoas+Major+&+Iliacus

Phrenic+(C3,4,5)
Extension+(lumbar)+++++++++++++
Flexion+(side)
Flexion+(hip)

T12+G+L4
L2,3,4

Anterior1
Abdominal1Wall

Lower1Limb191
Gluteal1Region

External+Oblique
Internal+Oblique
Transversus+Abdominis
Rectus+Abdominis

Gluteus+Maximus
Gluteus+Medius
Gluteus+Minimus
Piriformis
Gemellus+Superior
Gemellus+Inferior
obturator+Internus

Lower1Limb191Thigh1
Anterior1
Compartment1111111111111111111
Vastus+Lateralis
Rectus+Femoris
Sartorius
Vastus+Medialis
Vastus+Intermedius
Lower1Limb191Thigh1
Medial1
Compartment
Pectineus
Adductor+Brevis
Adductor+Longus

Flexion+(forwar/side)+++++++
Rotation+(trunk)+++++++++++++++
Compression

Extention+(hip)++++++++++++++++++
Abduction+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Lateral+Rotation

Extention+(knee)++++++++++++++++++
Flexion+(hip)

Adduction+(hip)+++++++++++++++++++
Medial+rotation++++++

T7G12
T7G12
T7G12
T7G12

Inferior+Gluteal
Superior+Gluteal
Superior+Gluteal
Lumbosacral+Plexus
Lumbosacral+Plexus
Lumbosacral+Plexus
Lumbosacral+Plexus

Femoral+(L2,3,4)
Femoral+(L2,3,4)
Femoral+(L2,3,4)
Femoral+(L2,3,4)
Femoral+(L2,3,4)

Femoral+(L2,3,4)
Obturator+(L2,3,4)
Obturator+(L2,3,4)

Adductor+Magnus
Adductor+Hiatus
Lower1Limb191Thigh1
Posterior1
Compartment
Biceps+Femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Femoral1Triangle

Lower1Limb191Leg1
Anterior1
Compartment

Lower1Limb191Leg1
Lateral1
Compartment

Lower1Limb191Leg1
Posterior1
Compartment

Inguinal+ligament
Adductor+Longus
Sartorius

Tibialis+Anterior
Extensor+Digitorum+Longus
Extensor+Hallucis+Longus

Fibularis+Longus
Fibularis+Brevis

Soleus
Gastrocnemius

Popliteus

Obturator+(L2,3,4)
Obturator+(L2,3,4)

Extension+(hip)++++++++++++++++++++
Flexion+(knee)

Sciatic+(L4+G+S3)
Sciatic+(L4+G+S3)
Sciatic+(L4+G+S3)

Femoral+nerve,+artery,+vein

Extension+(digits)++++++++++++++++++++
Dorsiflexion++++

Eversion+(foot)++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Plantarflexion

Flexion+(knee)+(plantar)
Flexion+(knee)+(plantar)
Plantarflexion++++++++++++++++++++++++
Eversion+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Flexion+(digits)

Deep+Fibular
Deep+Fibular
Deep+Fibular

Superficial+Fibular
Superficial+Fibular

Tibial
Tibial

Tibial

Tibialis+Posterior

Flexor+Digitorum+Longus

Flexor+Hallucis+Longus
Foot

Plantar+Aponeurosis
Abductor+Digiti+Minimi
Flexor+Digitorum+Brevis
Abductor+Hallucis
Quadratus+Plantae
Lumbricals
Flexor+Hallucis+Brevis
Adductor+Hallucis
Flexor+Digiti+Minimi+Brevis
Plantar+&+Dorsal+Interossi

Facial1Expresssion

Occipotofrontalis
Orbicularis+Oculi
Orbicularis+Oris
Platysma
Buccinator

Mastication

Temporalis
Masseter
Lateral+Ptergoid
Medial+Ptergoid

Plantarflexion++++++++++++++++++++++++
Eversion+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Flexion+(digits)
Plantarflexion++++++++++++++++++++++++
Eversion+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Flexion+(digits)
Plantarflexion++++++++++++++++++++++++
Eversion+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Flexion+(digits)

Tibial

Tibial

Tibial

Neck191Suprahyoid Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Stylohyoid
Digastric
Neck191Infrahyoid

Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Omohyoid
Thyrohyoid