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CHAPTER 3:
KINETICS OF GROWTH
IN BATCH AND
CONTINOUS CULTURE
Lecture Outline
Introduction
Batch Growth Characteristics
Growth
Cell growth
Substrate Cells Extracellu lar Products More Cells
S X P nX
net
1 dX
X dt
Cell growth
net g kd
1 dN
R
N dt
Hemocytometer
Agar plates
Particle counters
Hemocytometer
Batch Growth
Lag Phase
dX
net X where X X 0 at t 0
dt
X
ln
nett or X X 0 e nett
X0
max
max
Deceleration Phase
Stationary Phase
dX
kd t
kd t or X X SOe
dt
Death Phase
Death Phase
1.
2.
where:
3.
Yield Coefficients
YX / S
For
Yield Coefficients
into an
extracellular
product
energy
energy
Yield Coefficients
YX / O2
YP / S
O2
dS / dt m
m
X
Microbial Products
Growth-associated products
These products are produced simultaneously with microbial
growth
Specific rate of product formation is proportional to the
specific growth rate, g
Note that g is not equal to net, the net specific growth rate,
when endogenous metabolism is occurring
Growth-Associated Products
1 dP
qp
YP / X g
X dt
Non-Growth-Associated Products
q p constant
Mixed-Growth-Associated Products
q p g
Environmental Factors
dt
R kd N
'
d
Ae
'
R
Ea / RT
k Ae
'
d
Ea / RT
Where:
Ea =activation energy for growth 10-20 kcal/mol
Ed =activation energy for death 60-80 kcal/mol
bacteria
(most) pH = 3 to 8
yeast pH = 3 to 6
plants pH = 5 to 6
animals pH = 6.5 to 7.5
Saturation kinetics
Saturation kinetics
where :
The redox potential is an important parameter that affects the rate and
extent of many oxidative-reductive reactions
For actively growing cells, the maintenance requirement is low, and heat
evolution is directly related to growth
The heat of combustion of the substrate is equal to the sum of the metabolic
heat and the heat of combustion of the cellular material:
Hs (kJ/g S)
YH (g dcw/kJ)
Glucose
15.64
0.072
Methanol
22.68
0.029
Ethanol
29.67
0.043
n-Decane
47.64
0.038
Methane
55.51
0.015