1

Some Basic Concepts

of Chemistry
QUICK REVIEW
The total number of digits in a number including the last digit

whose value is uncertain is called the number of significant

figures.
Rules for counting the number of significant figures are as
follows:
(i) All digits are significant except zero at the beginning of
the number.
(ii) The zeroes to the right of the decimal point are significant.
(iii) The above rules propose that the numbers are expressed
in scientific notation. In this term, every number is
written as N 10n
where, N = a number with a single non-zero digit to the
left of the decimal point
n = an integer
(iv) The zeroes to the left of the first non-zero digit in a
number are not significant.
(v) The result of an addition or subtraction should be
reported to the same number of decimal places as that of
the term with least number of decimal places.
(vi) The result of a multiplication or division should be
reported to the same number of significant figures as is
possessed by the least precise term used in the
calculation.
(vii) If a calculation involves a number of steps, the result
should contain the same number of significant figures as
that of the least precise number involved other than the
exact number.
Accuracy refers to how closely a measured value agrees with
the correct value.
Precision refers to how closely individual measurements
agree with each other.

Laws of chemical combination are as follows:

(i) Law of definite proportion A given compound
always contains exactly the same proportion of
elements by weight.
Note This law is not applicable to isotopes.
(ii) Law of multiple proportion If two elements can
combine to form more than one compound, the
masses of one element that combine with a fixed
mass of other element, are in the ratio of small
whole numbers.
(iii) Law of reciprocal proportion If two different
elements combine separately with the same weight
of a third element, the ratio of the masses in which
they do so are either the same or simple multiple of
the mass ratio in which they combine.
Different scales of weight are as follows:
(i) Atomic weight/atomic mass
weight of one atom of an element
A=
1
th part by weight of an atom of C-12 isotope
12
(ii) Atomic mass unit (amu or u)
1
u =mass exactly equal to the of the weight of an
atom of C-12 isotope 12
1u =

1
g = 1.66 10-24 g
NA

Note C-12 is chosen as standard because in such case,

the masses of most of the elements are whole
number or nearest to the whole number.
Atomic mass of an element expressed in gram is called
its gram atomic mass.

2 | Chapterwise & Topicwise Medical Entrances Solved Papers

The sum of atomic masses of the elements present in a

molecule is called its molecular mass.

Formula mass of an ionic compound (number of cations its
atomic mass) + (number of anions its atomic mass).
Mole Concept
(i) 1 mole of particles = 6.023 1023 particles
or
1 mole = 22.4 L (for gases)
mass
(ii) Number of moles =
atomic or molar mass
(iii) Number of molecules = NA number of moles
(iv) Number of atoms = number of molecules atomicity
Normality equation, N1V1 = N2V2

Note Normality = molarity valence factor

Equivalent weight, E
atomic weight
(i) Eq. wt. of an element, E =
valency
(ii) Eq. wt. of an ion/radical =

formulae weight
total charge

(iii) Eq. wt. of acids =

molar mass
basicity

(iv) Eq. wt. of bases =

molar mass
acidity

(v) Eq. wt. of salts =

molar mass
net positive or negative charge

Mole equivalent relationship

w
(i) Number of equivalents =
E
Equivalent M
(ii)
=
= n-factor
n
E
where, n-factor for acid, it is basicity.
For base, it is acidity.
For salt, it is valency.
Standard

condition for temperature and pressure

(abbreviated as STP or NTP) as temperature of 273.15 K
and absolute pressure of 1 atm.
Percentage or mass % of an element
mass of that element in the compound
=
100
molar mass of the compound
Empirical formula of a chemical compound is the simplest

positive integer ratio of atoms present in a compound.

The ability of a given substance to assume two or more
crystalline structure is called polymorphism.
The reactant which is present in lesser amount and get
consumed after some time, it limits the amount of product
formed is called limiting reagent.
While the other reactant other than the limiting reactant
which is in excess is called excess reagent.
Reaction in acidic medium means in the presence of H+
ions.
The ratio in which the element or compound are
represented in a balanced chemical reaction is known as the
stoichiometric ratio or coefficient.

Topic 1
Basic Concepts of Chemistry
2014
1. What is the mass of one molecule of yellow phosphorus?
(Atomic mass, P = 30)
[MHT CET]
-19
-22
(b) 1. 993 10 mg
(a) 1. 993 10 mg
(d) 4.983 10-23 mg
(c) 4.983 10-20 mg
2. Which one of the following data has only four significant
figures?
[Kerala CEE]
(a) 6. 023 1023
(b) 285 cm
(c) 0.0025 L
(d) 0.200 g
(e) 1. 0 105 m
3. The system that contains the maximum number of atoms is
[WB JEE]
(b) 8 g of O2
(a) 4.25 g of NH3
(d) 4 g of He
(c) 2 g of H2

2013
4. 1021 molecules are removed from 200 mg of CO2 . The
[AIIMS]
moles of CO2 left are
-3
-3
(a) 2.88 10
(b) 28.8 10
(d) 28.8 103
(c) 288 10-3
[UP CPMT]
5. One mole of CH4 contains
(a) 4 g atoms of hydrogen
(b) 3.0 g atoms of carbon
(c) 6. 02 1023 atoms of hydrogen
(d) 1. 81 1023 molecules of CH4
6. The oxygen obtained from 72 kg of water is [UP CPMT]
(a) 72 kg
(b) 46 kg
(c) 50 kg
(d) 64 kg
7. The weight of 112 mL of oxygen at NTP is
[Manipal]
(a) 0.64 g
(b) 0.96 g
(c) 0.32 g
(d) 0.16 g
8. For 14 g of CO, the wrong statement is
[Manipal]
(a) it occupies 2.24 L at NTP
1
(b) it corresponds to mole of CO
2
(c) it corresponds to same mole of CO and nitrogen gas
(d) it corresponds to 3.01 1023 molecules of CO
9. The vapour density of a gas is 11.2. The volume occupied
by one gram of the gas at STP is
[Manipal]
(a) 1.0 L
(b) 11.2 L
(c) 22.4 L
(d) None of these
10. What is the atomic weight of an element X for which a
sample containing 1. 58 1022 atoms weigh 1.05 g?
(a) 28 g
(b) 20 g
[WB JEE]
(c) 40 g
(d) 23 g

11. The percentage of N2 in urea is about

[KCET]

(a) 28
(b) 18
(c) 85
(d) 46
12. Number of molecules in 1 L of water is close to [KCET]
18
(b) 55. 5 6. 023 1023
(a)
1023
22. 4
6.023
(c)
(d) 18 6. 023 1023
1023
23. 4
13. The mass of 112 cm 3 of CH4 gas at STP is
(a) 0.16 g

(b) 0.8 g

(c) 0.08 g

[KCET]

(d) 1.6 g

2012
14. How many moles of magnesium phosphate, Mg 3 ( PO4 ) 2
will contain 0.25 mole of oxygen atom?
[AFMC]
-2
(a) 0.02
(b) 3.125 10
(c) 1. 25 10-2
(d) 2. 5 10-2
15. The number of sodium atom in 2 moles of sodium
ferrocyanide is
[Manipal]
23
23
23
(a) 12 10
(b) 26 10
(c) 34 10 (d) 48 1023
16. An element
[OJEE]
(a) is one type of atom
(b) is two or more types of atom
(c) has constant boiling point
(d) has constant melting point
17. The equivalent weight of K 2 Cr2 O7 in acidic medium is
expressed in terms of its molecular weight ( M ) as
(a) M/3
(b) M/4
[WB JEE]
(c) M/6
(d) M/7
18. The equivalent weight of potassium permanganate in
alkaline solution is equal to
[AMU]
1
(a) th of the molar mass of KMnO4
5
1
(b) th of the molar mass of KMnO4
6
1
(c) rd of the molar mass of KMnO4
3
1
(d) th of the molar mass of KMnO4
10
19. The total number of electrons in 18 mL of water
(density = 1g mL-1 )
[KCET]
25
24
(a) 6. 023 10
(b) 6. 023 10
(c) 6. 023 18 1023
(d) 6. 023 1023

4 | Chapterwise & Topicwise Medical Entrances Solved Papers

2011
20. Which of the following sets of compounds correctly
illustrate the law of reciprocal proportions? [Kerala CEE]
(b) P2 O5 , PH3 , H2O
(a) P2 O3 , PH3 , H2O
(d) N2 O, NH3 , H2O
(c) N2 O5 , NH3 , H2O
(e) NO2 , NH3 , H2O

2010
21. The number of atoms in 0.1 mole of a triatomic gas is
( N A = 6.02 1023 mol -1)
[CBSE AIPMT]
(a) 6.026 1022
(c) 1.800 1022

(b) 1.806 1023

(d) 3.600 1023

22. Number of atoms present in 4.25 g of NH3 is [AFMC]

(a) 6.023 1023
(b) 4 6.023 1023
24
(c) 1.7 10
(d) 4.25 6.023 1023
23. In an experiment, 4 g of M 2 Ox oxide was reduced to 2.8 g
of the metal. If the atomic mass of the metal is 56 g mol -1 ,
the number of O-atoms in the oxide is
[AFMC]
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
24. The mass of one mole of electron is
[UP CPMT]
-28
(b) 0.55 mg
(a) 9.1 10 g
(d) 6 10-12 g
(c) 9.1 10-24 g
25. When a metal is burnt, its weight is increased by
24 per cent. The equivalent weight of the metal will be
(a) 2
(b) 24
[BVP]
(c) 33.3
(d) 76
26. 60 g of a compound on analysis produced 24 g carbon,
4 g hydrogen and 32 g oxygen. The empirical formula of
the compound is
[BVP]
(a) CH2 O2
(b) CH2 O
(d) C2 H4 O2
(c) CH4 O
27. 1 u (amu) is equal to
[MHT CET]
(a) 1.494 10-10 J
(b) 1.492 10-7 J
(c) 1.492 10-13 J
(d) 6.023 1023 J
28. 74.5 g of a metallic chloride contain 35.5 g of chlorine. The
equivalent weight of the metal is
[Manipal]
(a)19.5
(b) 35.5
(c) 39.0
(d) 78.0
29. In the reaction of sodium thiosulphate with I 2 in aqueous
medium, the equivalent weight of sodium thiosulphate is
equal to
[WB JEE]
(a) molar mass of sodium thiosulphate
(b) the average of molar masses of Na 2 S 2 O3 and I 2
(c) half the molar mass of sodium thiosulphate
(d) molar mass of sodium thiosulphate 2

30. To dissolve 0.9 g metal, 100 mL of 1 N HCl is used. What

is the equivalent weight of metal?
[MP PMT]
(a) 7
(b) 9
(c) 10
(d) 6
31. During the conversion of NH2 OH N2 O, the
equivalent weight of NH2 OH is
[AMU]
(molecular weight of NH2 OH is M. )
(a) M
(b) M / 2
(c) M / 4
(d) M / 5
32. The number of molecules in 100 mL of 0.02 N H2 SO4 is
(a) 6.023 1022
(c) 6.023 1020

(b) 6.023 1021

(d) 6.023 1018

[AMU]

2009
33. The volume of 2N H2 SO4 solution is 0.1dm 3. The volume
of its decinormal solution (in dm 3 ) will be [MHT CET]
(a) 0.1
(b) 0.2
(c) 2
(d) 1.7
34. One atom of an element weighs 1.8 10-22 g. Its atomic
mass is
[Manipal]
(a) 29.9
(b) 154
(c) 108.36
(d) 18
35. The number of significant figures in 10.3406 g is
[Kerala CEE]

(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 1
(d) 4
(e) 6
36. An organic compound made of C, H and N contains 20%
nitrogen. Its molecular weight is
[WB JEE]
(a) 70
(b) 140
(c) 100
(d) 65
37. The number of molecules in 18 mg of water in terms of
Avogadro number, N A is
[J&K CET]
-3
-2
(a) 10 NA
(b) 10 NA
(d) 10 NA
(c) 10-1 NA
38. 1.5 g of CdCl 2 was found to contain 0.9 g of Cd. Calculate
the atomic weight of Cd.
[EAMCET]
(a) 118
(b) 112
(c) 106.5
(d) 53.25
39. A bivalent metal has an equivalent mass of 32.
The molecular mass of the metal nitrate is
[KCET]
(a) 168
(b) 192
(c) 188
(d) 182
40. In the standardisation of Na 2 S 2 O3 using K 2 Cr2 O7 by
iodometry, the equivalent weight of K 2 Cr2 O7 is
[CG PMT, Haryana PMT]

molecular weight
(a)
2
molecular weight
(c)
3

(b)

molecular weight
6

(d) same as molecular weight

Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

|5

2007

2008
41. Assertion (A) Equivalent weight of a base
molecular weight
=
acidity
Reason (R) Acidity is the number of replaceable
hydrogen atom in one molecule of the base.
[AIIMS]
(a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct
explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct
explanation of A
(c) A is correct but R is incorrect
(d) Both A and R are incorrect
42. The correctly reported answer of the addition of 4.523, 2.3
and 6.24 will have significant figures
[AFMC]
(a) two
(b) three
(c) four
(d) five
43. The formula mass of Mohrs salt is 392. The iron present in
it is oxidised by KMnO4 in acidic medium. The equivalent
mass of Mohrs salt is
[AFMC]
(a) 392
(b) 31.6
(c) 278
(d) 156
44. A metal M of equivalent mass E forms an oxide of
molecular formula M x O y . The atomic mass of the metal is
given by the correct equation
[Kerala CEE]
(a) 2E ( y / x ) (b) xyE
(c) E / y
(d) y / E
(e) E 2 ( x / y )
45. Out of two oxides of iron, the first contained 22% and the
second contained 30% of oxygen by weight. The ratio of
weights of iron in the two oxides that combine with the
same weight of oxygen, is
[J&K CET]
(a) 3 : 2
(b) 2 : 1
(c) 1: 2
(d) 1: 1
46. The largest number of molecules is in
[AMU]
(a) 34 g of H2 O
(b) 28 g of CO2
(d) 54 g of N2 O5
(c) 46 g of CH3 OH
47. The equivalent weight of a metal is 9 and vapour density of
its chloride is 59.25. The atomic weight of metal is
(a) 23.9
(b) 27.3
[DUMET]
(c) 36.3
(d) 23.6
48. Mass of 0.1 mole of methane is
[KCET]
(a) 1 g
(b) 16 g
(c) 1.6 g
(d) 0.1 g
49. The maximum number of molecules are present in
[BCECE]

(a) 15 L of H2 gas at STP (b) 5 L of N2 gas at STP

(d) 10 g of O2 gas
(c) 0.5 g of H2 gas
50. Number of atoms of He in 100 u of He (atomic weight of
He is 4) are
[BCECE]
(a) 25
(b) 100
(c) 50
(d) 100 6 10-23
51. 1.520 g of hydroxide of a metal on ignition gave 0.995 g of
oxide. The equivalent weight of metal is
[JCECE]
(a) 1.52
(b) 0.995
(c) 190
(d) 9

52. The weight of one molecule of a compound C60 H122 is

(a) 1.3 10-20 g
(b) 5.01 10-21 g
[BHU]
13
(d) 1.4 10-21 g
(c) 3.72 10 g
53. The crystalline salt Na 2 SO4 xH2 O on heating loses
55.9% of its weight. The formula of crystalline salt is
[Kerala CEE]

54.

55.

56.

57.

(a) Na 2 SO4 5H2 O

(b) Na 2 SO4 7H2 O
(c) Na 2 SO4 2H2 O
(d) Na 2 SO4 10H2 O
(e) Na 2 SO4 6H2 O
25 g of MCl 4 contains 0.5 mole chlorine then its molecular
weight is
[Punjab PMET]
-1
(a) 100 g mol
(b) 200 g mol -1
-1
(c) 150 g mol
(d) 400 g mol -1
The number of gram molecules of chlorine in 6.02 1025
hydrogen chloride molecules is
[KCET]
(a) 10
(b) 100
(c) 50
(d) 5
Gram molecular volume of oxygen at STP is
[KCET]
(a) 3200 cm 3
(b) 5600 cm 3
(c) 22400 cm 3
(d) 11200 cm 3
What is the equivalent weight of SnCl 2 in the following
reaction?
SnCl 2 + Cl 2 SnCl 4 (Mol. wt. of SnCl 2 = 190)
(a) 95
(b) 45
[KCET]
(c) 60
(d) 30

2006
58. A gas mixture contains O2 and N2 in the ratio of 1: 4 by
weight. The ratio of their number of molecules is [AFMC]
(a) 1: 8
(b) 1: 4
(c) 3 : 16
(d) 7 : 32
59. What is the percentage of cation in ammonium
dichromate?
[Kerala CEE]
(a) 14.29% (b) 80%
(c) 50.05% (d) 20.52%
(e) 25.62%
60. Which among the following is the heaviest? [Kerala CEE]
(a) 1 mole of oxygen
(b) 1 molecule of sulphur trioxide
(c) 100 u of uranium
(d) 10 moles of hydrogen
(e) 44 g of carbon dioxide
61. A gas is found to have a formula (CO) x . If its vapour
density is 70, the value of x is
[AMU]
(a) 2.5
(b) 3.0
(c) 5.0
(d) 6.0
62. The ability of a given substance to assume two or more
crystalline structure is called
[AMU]
(a) amorphism
(b) isomorphism
(c) polymorphism
(d) isomerism

6 | Chapterwise & Topicwise Medical Entrances Solved Papers

63. In the equation, H2 S + 2HNO3 2H2 O + 2NO2 + S,
the equivalent weight of hydrogen sulphide is [BCECE]
(a) 18
(b) 68
(c) 34
(d) 17

67. The equivalent weight of KMnO4 in acidic medium is

(a) 158
(b) 52.67
[RPMT]
(c) 31.6
(d) 49

64. Total number of atoms represented by the compound

[BHU]
CuSO4 5H2 O are
(a) 27
(b) 21
(c) 5
(d) 8

68. The least count of an instrument is 0.01 cm. Taking all

precautions, the most possible error in the measurement
can be
[AMU]
(a) 0.005 cm
(b) 0.01 cm
(c) 0.0001 cm
(d) 0.1 cm

65. The equivalent weight of phosphoric acid (H3 PO4 ) in the

reaction,
[BHU]
NaOH + H3 PO4 NaH2 PO4 + H2 O is
(a) 59
(b) 49
(c) 25
(d) 98

69. Law of multiple proportions is illustrated by one of the

following pairs.
[JCECE]
(b) NH3 and NO2
(a) H2 S and SO2
(c) Na 2 S and Na 2 O
(d) N2 O and NO

66. Total number of protons in 10 g of calcium carbonate is

( NA = 6.023 1023 )
[RPMT]

70. The standard adopted method for the determination of

atomic weight of elements is based on
[JCECE]
(a) H1
(b) C12
(c) O16
(d) S 32

2005

(a) 12.04 1024

(c) 2.01 1024

(b) 4.06 1024

(d) 3.24 1024

Topic 2
Stoichiometry and Volumetric Analysis
2013

2014
1. 1.0 g of magnesium is burnt with 0.56 g O2 in a closed
vessel. Which reactant is left in excess and how much?
(Atomic weight, Mg = 24, O = 16)
[CBSE AIPMT]
(a) Mg, 0.16 g
(c) Mg, 0.44 g

(b) O2 , 0.16 g
(d) O2 , 0.28 g

2. When 22.4 L of H 2 (g) is mixed with 11.2 L of Cl 2 (g), each

at STP, the moles of HCl (g) formed is equal to
(a) 1 mole of HCl (g)
[CBSE AIPMT]
(b) 2 moles of HCl (g)
(c) 0.5 mole of HCl (g)
(d) 1.5 mole of HCl (g)
3. 10 g of a mixture of BaO and CaO requires 100 cm 3 of
2.5 M HCl to react completely. The percentage of calcium
oxide in the mixture is approximately
(given, molar mass of BaO = 153)
[KCET]
(a) 52.6
(b) 55.1
(c) 44.9
(d) 47.4
4. In a closed vessel, 5 moles of A 2 (g) and 7 moles of B 2 (g)
are reacted in the following manner,
[EAMCET]
A 2 ( g ) + 3B 2 ( g ) 2AB 3 ( g )
What is the total number of moles of gases present in the
container at the end of the reaction?
(a) 22/3
(b) 7/3
(c) 14/3
(d) 8/3

5. Cyclohexanol is dehydrated to cyclohexane on heating

with conc. H2 SO4 . If the yield of this reaction is 75%, how
much cyclohexene will be obtained from 100 g of
cyclohexanol?
[WB JEE]
(a) 61.5 g
(b) 75.0 g
(c) 20.0 g
(d) 41.0g
6. In the synthesis of ammonia
[KCET]
N2 ( g ) + 3H2 a 2NH3 ( g )
If the quantity of N2 reacted is 700 mL, the quantity of
H2 and NH3 would be
(a) 300 mL H2 and 200 mL NH3
(b) 300 mL H2 and 300 mL NH3
(c) 300 mL H2 and 100 mL NH3
(d) 100 mL H2 and 200 mL NH3

2012
7. A metal oxide has the formula A 2 O3 . It can be reduced by
hydrogen to give free metal and water. 0.1596 g of this
metal oxide requires 6 mg of hydrogen for complete
reduction. What is the atomic weight of metal? [AIIMS]
(a) 52.3
(b) 57.3
(c) 55.8
(d) 59.3
8. 20.0 kg of N2 ( g ) and 3.0 kg of H2 ( g ) are mixed to
produce NH3 ( g ). The amount of NH3 ( g ) formed is
(a) 17 kg
(b) 34 kg
[Kerala CEE]
(c) 20 kg
(d) 3 kg
(e) 23 kg

Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry | 7

9. Stoichiometric ratio of sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate
and sodium hydrogen orthophosphate required for
[Guj CET]
synthesis of Na 5 P3 O10 is
(a) 1.5: 3

(b) 3 : 1.5

(c) 1: 1

(d) 2 : 3

2010
10. If 1 mL of water contains 20 drops then number of
molecules in one drop of water is
[AFMC]
26
23
(a) 6.023 10 molecules (b) 1.376 10 molecules
(c) 1.344 1018 molecules (d) 4.346 1020 molecules
11. Volume of a gas at NTP is1.12 10-7 cm 3 . The number of
molecules in it is
[Manipal]
12
24
(a) 3.01 10
(b) 3.01 10
23
(c) 3.01 10
(d) 3.01 1020
12. A mixture of CaCl 2 and NaCl weighing 4.44 g is treated
with sodium carbonate solution to precipitate all the Ca 2+
ions as calcium carbonate. The calcium carbonate, so
obtained is heated strongly to get 0.56 g of CaO. The
percentage of NaCl in the mixture (atomic mass of
[KCET]
Ca = 40) is
(a) 75
(b) 30.6
(c) 25
(d) 69.4
13. 1 L oxygen gas at STP will weigh
[JCECE]
(a) 1.43 g
(b) 2.24 g
(c) 11.2 g
(d) 22.4 g
14. The number of moles of H2 in 0.224 L of hydrogen gas at
STP (273 K, 1 atm) is
[JCECE]
(a) 0.1
(b) 0.01
(c) 0.001
(d) 1
15. If the density of water is1g cm -3 then the volume occupied
by one molecule of water is approximately
[CMC Ludhiyana]
3

(a) 18 cm
(c) 6.02 10-23 cm 3

(b) 22400 cm 3
(d) 3.0 10-23 cm 3

2009
16. 10 g of hydrogen and 64 g of oxygen were filled in a steel
vessel and exploded. Amount of water produced in this
reaction will be
[CBSE AIPMT]
(a) 3 mol
(b) 4 mol
(c) 1 mol
(d) 2 mol
17. x moles of potassium dichromate oxidises 1 mole of ferrous
oxalate in acidic medium. Here x is
[AIIMS]
(a) 3
(b) 1.5
(c) 0.5
(d) 1.0
18. The equivalent weight of MnSO4 is half of its molecular
weight when it is converted to
[AFMC]
(b) MnO2
(a) Mn 2O3
(c) MnO-4

(d) MnO24

19. What volume of CO2 will be liberated at NTP, if 12 g of

carbon is burnt in excess of oxygen?
[AFMC]
(a) 11.2 L
(b) 22.4 L
(c) 2.24 L
(d) 1.12 L

20. The number of electrons required to reduce 4.5 10-5 g of

Al is
[MHT CET]
(a) 1.03 1018
(b) 3.01 1018
(c) 4.95 1026
(d) 7.31 1020
21. The mass of oxygen that would be required to produce
enough CO which completely reduces 1.6 kg Fe 2 O3
(atomic mass of Fe = 56), is
[Manipal]
(a) 240 g
(b) 480 g
(c) 720 g
(d) 960 g
22. How much volume of oxygen at STP (in litres) is required
to burn 4 g of methane gas completely?
[J&K CET]
(a) 11.2
(b) 5.6
(c) 2.8
(d) 82008
23. Excess of carbon dioxide is passed through 50 mL of 0.5M
calcium hydroxide solution. After the completion of the
reaction, the solution was evaporated to dryness. The solid
calcium carbonate was completely neutralised with 0.1N
hydrochloric acid. The volume of hydrochloric acid
required is (Atomic mass of calcium = 40 )
[KCET]
(a) 200 cm 3
(c) 400 cm 3

(b) 500 cm 3
(d) 300 cm 3

24. 100 mL of PH3 on heating forms P and H2 , the volume

change in the reaction is
[DUMET]
(a) an increase of 50 mL (b) an increase of 100 mL
(c) an increase of 150 mL (d) a decrease of 50 mL

2008
25. Number of moles of MnO-4 required to oxidise one mole of
ferrous oxalate completely in acidic medium will be
(a) 0.6 mol
(b) 0.4 mol [CBSE AIPMT]
(c) 7.5 mol
(d) 0.2 mol
26. What volume of oxygen gas (O2 ) measured at 0C and
1 atm, is needed to burn completely 1 L of propane gas
(C3 H8 ) measured under the same conditions?
(a) 7 L
(b) 6 L
[CBSE AIPMT]
(c) 5 L
(d) 10 L
27. How many moles of lead (II) chloride will be formed from
a reaction between 6.5 g of PbO and 3.2 g of HCl?
(a) 0.044
(b) 0.333 [CBSE AIPMT]
(c) 0.011
(d) 0.029
28. In an oxidation-reduction reaction, MnO-4 ion is converted
to Mn 2+ . What is the number of equivalents of KMnO4
(mol. wt. = 158) present in 250 mL of 0.04 M KMnO4
solution?
[MP PMT]
(a) 0.02
(b) 0.05
(c) 0.04
(d) 0.07
29. The stoichiometry of the following reaction is
K 2 S 2 O8 ( aq ) + 2KI( aq ) 2K 2 SO4 ( aq ) + I 2 ( aq )
(a) 2 : 2
(b) 1: 1
[J&K CET]
(c) 1: 2
(d) 2 : 1

8 | Chapterwise & Topicwise Medical Entrances Solved Papers

30. 40 g of a sample of carbon on combustion left 10% of it
unreacted. The volume of oxygen required at STP for this
combustion reaction is
[EAMCET]
(a) 22.4 L
(b) 67.2 L
(c) 11.2 L
(d) 44.8 L
Fe 2+ Fe 3+ + e - ,

31.

MnO-4 + 5e - Mn 2+
The ratio of stoichiometric coefficient of Fe 2+ and MnO-4
is
[DUMET]
(a) 1: 5
(b) 5 : 1
(c) 2 : 3
(d) 6 : 1
32. For the reaction, Fe 2 O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2 , the
volume of carbon monoxide required to reduce one mole of
ferric oxide is
[KCET]
3
3
(a) 22.4 dm
(b) 44.8 dm
(c) 67.2 dm 3
(d) 11.2 dm 3

2007
33. What is the stoichiometric coefficient of Ca in the reaction?
[UP CPMT]
Ca + Al 3+ Ca 2+ + Al
(a) 2
(b) 1
(c) 3
(d) 4
34. 10 L of O2 gas is reacted with 30 L of CO gas at STP. The
volumes of each gas present at the end of the reaction are
(a) CO = 10 L, CO2 = 20 L
[Kerala CEE]
(b) O2 = 10 L, CO = 30 L
(c) CO = 20 L, CO2 = 10 L
(d) O2 = 10 L, CO2 = 20 L
(e) O2 = 10 L, CO = 10 L
35. If equal volumes of 1M KMnO4 and 1M K 2 Cr2 O7
solutions are allowed to oxidise Fe (II) to Fe (III) in acidic
medium then Fe (II) oxidised will be
[EAMCET]
(b) more by K 2 Cr2 O7
(a) more by KMnO4
(c) equal in both the cases (d) cannot be determined

2006
36. Assertion (A) In the iodometric titration, starch is used as
an indicator.
Reason (R) Starch is a polysaccharide.
[AIIMS]

Topic 1

1.
11.
21.
31.
41.
51.
61.

(a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct

explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct
explanation of A
(c) A is correct but R is incorrect
(d) Both A and R are incorrect
37. Assertion (A) K 2 Cr2 O7 is used as a primary standard in
volumetric analysis.
Reason (R) It has a good solubility in water. [AIIMS]
(a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct
explanation of the A
(b) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct
explanation of A
(c) A is correct but R is incorrect
(d) Both A and R are incorrect
38. 2.76 g of silver carbonate on being strongly heated yield a
residue weighing
[BHU]
(a) 2.16 g
(b) 2.48 g
(c) 2.64 g
(d) 2.32 g
39. How many grams of NaOH will be required to neutralise
12.2 g benzoic acid?
[MP PMT]
(a) 12.2 g
(b) 16 g
(c) 40 g
(d) 4 g
40. Sodium bicarbonate on heating decomposes to form
sodium carbonate, CO2 and water. If 0.2 moles of sodium
bicarbonate is completely decomposed, how many mole of
sodium carbonate is formed?
[J&K CET]
(a) 0.1
(b) 0.2
(c) 0.05
(d) 0.025
41. The decomposition of a certain mass of CaCO3 gave
11.2dm 3 of CO2 gas at STP. The mass of KOH required to
completely neutralise the gas is
[KCET]
(a) 56 g
(b) 28 g
(c) 42 g
(d) 20 g
42. What is the weight of oxygen that is required for the
complete combustion of 2.8 kg of ethylene?
[BCECE]
(a) 9.6 kg
(b) 96.0 kg
(c) 6.4 kg
(d) 2.8 kg
43. 2 g of O2 at 27C and 760 mm of Hg pressure has volume
[BCECE]

(a) 1.4 L

(b) 2.8 L

(c) 11.2 L

(d) 22.4 L

Basic Concepts of Chemistry

(b)
(d)
(b)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(c)

2.
12.
22.
32.
42.
52.
62.

(a)
(b)
(a)
(c)
(b)
(d)
(c)

3.
13.
23.
33.
43.
53.
63.

(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(a)
(d)
(d)

4.
14.
24.
34.
44.
54.
64.

(a)
(b)
(b)
(c)
(a)
(b)
(b)

5.
15.
25.
35.
45.
55.
65.

(a)
(d)
(c)
(e)
(a)
(b)
(d)

6.
16.
26.
36.
46.
56.
66.

(d)
(a)
(b)
(a)
(a)
(c)
(a)

7.
17.
27.
37.
47.
57.
67.

(d)
(c)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(c)

8.
18.
28.
38.
48.
58.
68.

(a)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(d)
(b)

9.
19.
29.
39.
49.
59.
69.

(a)
(b)
(c)
(c)
(a)
(a)
(d)

10.
20.
30.
40.
50.
60.
70.

(c)
(a)
(b)
(b)
(a)
(e)
(b)

Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

Stoichiometry and Volumetric Analysis

Topic 2

1.
11.
21.
31.
41.

|9

2.
12.
22.
32.
42.

(a)
(a)
(b)
(b)
(b)

(a)
(a)
(a)
(c)
(a)

3.
13.
23.
33.
43.

4.
14.
24.
34.

(a)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(a)

(a)
(b)
(a)
(a)

5.
15.
25.
35.

(a)
(d)
(a)
(b)

6.
16.
26.
36.

(a)
(b)
(c)
(b)

7.
17.
27.
37.

(c)
(c)
(a)
(c)

8.
18.
28.
38.

9.
19.
29.
39.

(a)
(b)
(b)
(a)

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

10.
20.
30.
40.

(c)
(b)
(b)
(a)

Explanations
Topic 1

Basic Concepts of Chemistry

1. Yellow phosphorus is an impure form of white phosphorus

(P4).
Molecular mass of yellow phosphorus (P4)
= 4 30 = 120 g mol

-1

\ According to Avogadros hypothesis,

Mass of 6.022 1023 molecules of P4 = 120 g
and mass of 1 molecule of P4 =

120 1
6.022 1023

= 19.926 10-23 g
1. 993 10-22 g
-19

= 1. 993 10

mg

23

2. 6. 023 10 has four significant figures. The total number of

digits in a number including the last digit whose value is
uncertain is called the number of significant figures.
mass
3. Number of atoms =
NA
molar mass
number of atoms in 1 mole
\ Number of atoms in 4.25 g NH3
4.25
=
N A 4 = NA
17
Number of atoms in 8 g O2
8
N
O2 =
NA 2 = A
32
2
Number of atoms in 2 g H2
2
H2 = N A 2 = 2 N A
2
Number of atoms in 4 g He
4
He = N A 1 = N A
4
Thus, 2 g of H2 contains the maximum number of atoms among
the given.
4. 1 mole of CO2 molecule = 6.023 1023 molecule of CO2
= 44 g of CO2
44
1021 g CO2
\ 1021 molecules of CO2 =
6.023 1023
\

= 7.31 10-2g = 73.1 mg

CO2 left = 200 - 73.1 = 126.9 mg

Hence, moles of CO2 left =

given mass
molar mass

126.9 10-3
= 2. 88 10-3 mol
44
5. 1 mole of CH4 = 16 g of CH4 [molar mass]
Thus, 1 mole of CH4 contains 4 g atoms of hydrogen.
=

6. First write the reaction for dissociation of water and then with help
of unitary method, find how much oxygen is produced from 72 kg of
water.
2H2 O 2H2 + O2
2(12+16)
= 36 kg

216
= 32 kg

Q 36 kg H2O produces oxygen = 32 kg

32
\ 72 kg H2O produces oxygen =
72 = 64 kg
36
7. 22400 mL of O2 at NTP occupied by
= 32 g O2
\ 112 mL of O2 at NTP occupied by
32
=
112 g O2 = 0.16 g O2
22400
Hence, the weight of 112 mL of oxygen at NTP is 0.16 g.
8. (a) 28 g of CO occupies = 22.4 L of CO at NTP
22.4
14 L of CO at NTP
\ 14 g of CO occupies =
28
= 11.2 L of CO at NTP
Thus, 14 g of CO occupies 11.2 L volume at NTP.
mass of CO
(b) Number of moles of CO =
molar mass of CO
14 g
1
=
= mol CO
28 g mol 1 2
1
mole of CO.
2
(c) As the molar mass of CO and N2 gas are same, thus 14 g of
CO corresponds to same moles of CO and N2 gas.
(d) 28 g of CO contains = 6 . 022 1023 molecules
Thus, 14 g CO equal to

6.022 1023
14
28
= 3.011 1023 molecules

\ 14 g of CO contains =

Thus, 14 g of CO corresponds to 3.011 1023 molecules.

10 | Chapterwise & Topicwise Medical Entrances Solved Papers

+4

+7

9. Here, vapour density of gas = 11.2

Molecular weight = 2 vapour density
\
= 2 11. 2 = 22. 4 g
22.4 g of gas occupied volume at STP = 22. 4 L
\ 1 g gas occupied volume at STP = 1 L

18. 2K Mn O4 + H2O Alkaline

2Mn O2 + 2KOH + 3[O]
(As change in oxidation number of Mn = 3)
molar mass
So, equivalent mass =
3
19. In 18 mL, number of moles of H2O

10. We know that one mole of an element = 6. 02 1023 atoms

= atomic weight of the element

mass of H2O
molar mass of H2O

density volume 1 18
=
= 1mol
molar mass of H2O
18

Now, 1. 58 1022 atoms weigh 1.05 g

(1. 05 6.02 1023 )
\ 6. 02 10 atoms weigh =
= 40 g
1. 58 1022
23

Number of molecules in 1 mole of H2O = 6.022 1023

Atomic weight of X = 40 g

Number of electrons in 1 molecule of H2O = (1 2) + 8 = 10

11. The formula of urea = NH2CONH2

\ Number of electrons in 6.022 1023 molecules of H2O

Molar mass of urea = 14 + (2 1) + 12 + 16 + 14 + (2 1)

= 6.023 1023 10 = 6.023 1024

= 60 g mol -1

20. P2O3 , PH3 and H2O illustrates the law of reciprocal proportions.
Ratio in the number of atoms of H and O combining with one P is
3 : 1.5, 2 : 1.

Molar mass of N2 = 28 g mol -1

\ % of N2 in urea =

28
100 = 46.6%
60

21. The number of atoms in 0.1 mole of a triatomic gas

Hence, the percentage of N2 in urea = 46.6%

23

12. 1 mole of water means 18 g of water which means 6 .023 10

molecules.
1 L of water means = 1000 g
1000
mol
1000 g of water =
18
As 1 mole of water = 6.02 1023 molecules
1000
1000
mole of water =
\
6. 023 1023
18
18
= 55.5 6.023 1023
13. At STP, 22400 cm 3 of CH4 = 12 + 4 = 16 g
16 112
At STP, 112 cm 3 of CH4 =
= 0.08 g
22400
14. As 8 moles of O-atoms are contained by 1 mole Mg3 (PO4 )2
\ 0.25 mole of O-atoms are present in Mg3 (PO4 )2
1
= 0.25 = 3125
.
10-2 mol
8
15. Formula of sodium ferrocyanide, Na 4[Fe(CN)6 ]

suggests that it has four sodium atoms.

Number of Na-atoms = number of moles number of atoms per
molecule Avogadros number
= 2 4 6.023 1023 Na-atoms
23

= 48 10 Na-atoms
16. An element is a pure chemical substance which contains only one
type of atom.
17. Under acidic conditions, oxidation state of one Cr changes from
+ 6 to + 3.
K2Cr2O7 + 14H+ + 6e 2K+ + 2Cr 3+ + 7H2O
Equivalent weight of K2Cr2O7
molecular weight
M
M
=
=
=
change in oxidation state of Cr 2(6 - 3) 6

= 6.022 1023 0.1 3 = 1.806 1023

22. Number of atoms in 4.25 g of NH3 = number of moles of NH3
Avogadros number number of atoms per molecule of NH3
4.25
=
6.023 1023 4 = 6.023 1023 atoms
17
= N A = 6.023 1023 atoms
23. Mass of oxygen in oxide = 4 - 2.8 = 1.2 g
Eq. wt. of metal =

mass of metal
8
mass of oxygen combined

2.8
8 = 18.67
1.2
atomic weight of metal
Valency of metal =
eq. wt. of metal
=

56 (given)
= 2.99 3
18.67

Hence, the number of O-atoms in the oxide is 3.

24. Q Mass of one electron = 9.1 10-31 kg
= 9.1 10-28 g
\ Mass of 1 mole of electrons,
Mass of 6.023 1023 electrons
= 9.1 10-28 6.023 1023
= 5.48 10-4 = 0.00055 g = 0.55 mg
25. If 100 g of metal is burnt, then it combines with oxygen to form
metal oxide. As its weight increases by 24%, then the mass of
combined oxygen would be 24 g.
weight of metal
Thus, the equivalent weight of metal =
weight of oxygen combined
=

100
8 = 33.33
24

Hence, the equivalent weight of metal will be 33.3.

Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry | 11

24 4 32
: :
= 2 : 4 : 2 or 1 : 2 : 1
12 1 16
\ Empirical formula = CH2O
27. 1 u (unified mass) is equal to exactly 1/12th of the mass of C12
atom.
1
12 g
Thus,
1u =

12 6.022 1023

26. C : H : O =

1 u = 1.66 1024 g = 1.66 10-27 kg

\
Since,

E = mc2, thus

34. Mass of 1 atom = 1.8 10-22 g

Mass of 6.023 1023 atoms = 6.02 1023 1.8 10-22 g
= 6.02 1.8 10 g = 108.36 g
Hence, atomic mass of element = 108.36
35. All non-zero digits are significant. Hence, there are 6 significant
figures in 10.3406 g.
36. Mass % of N in organic compound
atomic mass of N
=
100
molecular mass of compound

= 1.66 10-27 (3 108 )2 kg m 2s-2

= 1.494 10
28. Eq. wt. of metal =

-10

weight of metal
35.5
weight of chlorine combined

\ Eq. wt. of metal =

(74.5 35.5)
35.5 = 39.0
35.5

29. I2 + 2S2O23- 2I- + S4O62The change in valence factor of thiosulphate is 2.

molecular weight
Thus, equivalent weight of Na 2S2O3 =
2
Hence, equivalent weight of Na 2S2O3 is half the molecular weight
(molar mass) of sodium thiosulphate.
30. 1 N HCl solution means 36.5 g of HCl are dissolved in 1000 mL.
(Q equivalent weight of HCl = 36.5)
\100 mL of HCl solution contains HCl = 3.65 g
Similarly, 100 mL of HCl solution contains metal = 0.9 g
equivalent weight of metal equivalent weight of acid
Now,
=
weight of metal in solution weight of acid in solution
or
or

equivalent weight of metal 36.5

=
0.9
3.65
36.5
equivalent weight of metal =
0.9 = 9
3.65
+1

20 =

31. NH2OH N 2O
Valence factor, n = + 1 - (-1) = + 2
molecular weight M
Equivalent weight of NH2OH =
=
valence factor
2

14
100
molecular mass of compound

Molecular mass of compound =

37. In 18 g of water, number of H2O molecules is NA .

So, in 18 mg of water, number of H2O molecules would be
10-3 18
NA
= 10-3 NA
18

38. Weight of Cd = 0.9 g

Weight of CdCl 2 = 1.5 g
Weight of chlorine combined = 0.6 g (1.5 0 .9)
0.9
eq. wt. of metal
Now
=
0.6 eq. wt. of chlorine
0.9
E
or
=
0.6 35.5

or

E = 53.25

Atomic weight = E valency = 53.25 2 = 106.5

39. Given, equivalent mass of bivalent metal, M 2+ = 32
\ Atomic mass of M = 32 2 = 64
The metal nitrate formed has the formula M (NO3 )2.
\ Molecular mass of the metal nitrate = 64 + 28 + 96 = 188
40. Cr2O72- + 14H+ + 6e- 2Cr 3+ + 7H2O
6I 3I2 + 6e2Na 2S2O3 + I2 Na 2S4O6 + 2NaI
In this reaction,
equivalent weight of K2Cr2O7 =

molecular weight
32

molecular weight
6

32. As, normality = molarity valence factor for H2SO4,

valence factor = 2
\

N = M 2
N 0.02
or
M =
=
= 0.01
2
2
0.01 100
Moles of H2SO4 =
= 1 10-3
1000
\ Number of molecules in 100 mL of 0.02 N
Normality

H2SO4 = 1 103 NA
= 1 10-3 6.023 1023 = 6.023 1020
33. For solution of same substance,
N 1V1 = N 2V2

2N 0.1 =

N
V2 V2 = 2 dm 3
10

14
100 = 70 g
20

41. Acidity is defined as the number of replaceable hydroxyl group in

one molecule of the base.
42. 4.523 + 2.3 + 6.24 = 13.063. As 2.3 has least number of decimal
places, i.e. one, therefore sum should be reported to one decimal
place only. After rounding off, reported sum is 13.1 which has
three significant figures.
43. Mohrs salt is (NH4 )2 SO4 FeSO4 6H2O.
The equation is
5Fe2+ + MnO4- + 8H+ 5Fe3+ + Mn 2+ + 4H2O
Total change in oxidation number of iron = (+3) - (+2) = + 1

12 | Chapterwise & Topicwise Medical Entrances Solved Papers

(b) 28 g of CO2

So, equivalent weight of Mohrs salt

molecular weight of Mohrs salt 392
=
=
= 392
total change in ON
1
44. Let, the atomic mass of metal, M = a
Given, equivalent mass of metal, M = E
xM + y O M xO y
\ xa g metal M reacts with oxygen = 16 y g,

Atomic
weight

Number of
moles

Simple molar
ratio

22

16

22
= 1.375
16

1.375
=1
1.375

Fe

78

56

78
= 1.392
56

1.392
1
1.375

\ The formula of first oxide is FeO.

Similarly, for second oxide,

32 g of CH3OH = 6 1023 molecules

46 g of CH3OH =

% amount

Atomic
weight

Number of
Simple
moles
molar ratio

30

16

1.875
30
1.5
= 1.875
1.25
16

56

70
= 1.25
56

1.25
=1
1.25

\ The formula of second oxide is Fe2O3.

47. Given, equivalent weight of metal = 9

Vapour density of metal chloride = 59.25
\ Molecular weight of metal chloride = 2 vapour density
= 2 59.25 = 118.50
mol. wt. of metal chloride
Valency of metal =
eq. wt. of metal + 35.5

Therefore, atomic weight of the metal

= equivalent weight valency
= 9 2.66 = 23.9
48. Mass of 1 mole of methane (CH4 ) = 16 g
Mass of 0.1 mole of methane = 16 0.1 g = 1.6 g
49. 22.4 L of gas at STP occupied by 6.022 1023 molecules.
(a) In 15 L of H2 gas at STP, the number of molecules

\Equivalent weight of Fe in FeO

weight of Fe (II)
=
8
weight of oxygen

6.023 1023
15 = 4.033 1023
22.4

(b) In 5 L of N2 gas at STP, the number of molecules

(i)

\Equivalent weight of Fe in Fe2O3

weight of Fe (III)
=
8
weight of oxygen
56 weight of Fe (II)
=
8
3
x

118.5
118.5
=
= 2.66
9 + 35.5 44.5

1 mole of substance = molar mass = 6.022 1023 molecules.

Suppose in both the oxides, iron reacts with x g oxygen.

56 weight of Fe (II)
=
8
2
x

6 1023 46
= 8.625 1023 molecules
32

54 g of N2O5 =

Valency of metal =

Element

70

6 1023 28
= 3.8 1023 molecules
44

6 1023 54
= 3 1023 molecules
108
Thus, 34 g H2O contains the largest number of molecules.

Fe

28 g of CO2 =

45. For first oxide,

Element % amount

(d) 54 g of N2O5
Q 108 g of N2O5 = 6 1023 molecules

y
a = 2E
x

44 g of CO2 = 6 1023 molecules

(c) 46 g of CH3OH

According to law of chemical equivalents,

w1 E1
wE

=
w2 E2
xa
E
=
16 y 8

6.023 1023 5
= 1.344 1023
22.4

(c) In 0.5 g of H2 gas, the number of molecules

=
(ii)

From Eqs. (i) and (ii),

weight of Fe (II) 3
=
weight of Fe (II) 2
46. (a) 34 g of H2O
Q

18 g of H2O = 6 1023 molecule

6 1023 34
34 g of H2O =
= 11.33 1023 molecules
18

6.023 1023 0.5

= 1.505 1023
2

(d) In 10 g of O2 gas, the number of molecules

=

6.023 1023 10
= 1.882 1023
32

Thus, 15L of H2 gas at STP has the maximum number of

molecules.
50. Mass of one He-atom = 4 u
or
\

4 u = 1He-atom
100
100 u =
= 25 He-atoms
4

Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry | 13

51.

Ehydroxide
Emetal + EOH

Eoxide
Emetal + EO

59. Molecular formula of ammonium dichromate is (NH4 )2 Cr2O7 .

Molecular weight = 2 (14 + 4 ) + 2 52 + 7 16 = 252
Number of parts by weight of cation, NH+4

1.520 0.995
=
E + 17 E + 8

= 2 (14 + 4 ) = 36
36
% of NH+4 =
100 = 14.285% 14.29%
252

On solving, we get E = 9
52. The molecular weight of
C60H122 = 60 12 + 122 = 720 + 122 = 842

60. (a) The weight of one mole of oxygen = 16 g

Weight of 6.022 1023 molecules of C60H122 = 842 g

(b) Weight of one molecule of

SO3 = 80 / (6 1023 ) g

\ Weight of 1 molecule of C60H122

842
g
=
6.022 1023
842
=
= 1.39 1021 g
6.023 1023
1.4 10

-21

(c) Weight of 100 u of uranium = 100 1.66 10-24 g

(d) Weight of 10 moles of hydrogen = 10 g
(e) Weight of CO2 = 44 g
Hence, 44 g of CO2 is the heaviest among these.
61. Molecular weight = 2 vapour density = 2 70 = 140

Thus, the weight of one molecule of C60H122 is 1.4 10-21 g.

53. As Na 2SO4 xH2O on heating loses water, 55.9% 56% of its
weight.
\ % of weight of Na 2SO4 = 44%
Molecular weight of Na 2SO4 = 142 g
wH 2 O
56
\
=
wNa 2SO 4 44
or

wH 2 O

x=5

62. The phenomenon by which a certain crystalline compound exists

in two or more different crystalline forms is called
polymorphism, e.g. CaCO3 occurs in two polymorphic forms,
calcite (rhombohedral) and aragonite (orthorhombic).
0

Hence, the equivalent weight of

molecular weight
34
H2S =
=
= 17
change in oxidation number
2

56
=
142 = 180 g
44

25

6.02 10
= 100
6.02 1023

56. Gram molecular volume (standard molar volume) of a gas is the

volume occupied by 1 mole of any gas at 273 K and 1 atm
pressure (STP). It is equal to 22.4 L or 22400 cm 3. It is same for
all gases.
57. SnCl 2 + Cl 2 SnCl 4

64. Total number of atoms in CuSO4 5H2O are

1 + 1 + 4 + 5 (2 + 1) = 6 + 5 3 = 21
\ CuSO4 5H2O has 21 atoms.
65.

NaOH
23 + 16 + 1
= 40
1 g eq.

H3PO4

1 3 + 31 + 16 4
= 98
1 g eq.

NaH2PO4 + H2O

\ Equivalent weight of H3PO4 is 98 g.

In the above reaction, no change occurs in the oxidation state of
phosphorus. So, equivalent weight will be equal to its molecular
weight.
66. We know that protons in 1 mole CaCO3

71

= atomic number of calcium + atomic number of carbon

Eq. wt. of SnCl 2 = Eq. wt. of Cl 2

190
71
or E1 = 95
=
\
E1
35.5

+ 3 (atomic number of oxygen)

= 20 + 6 + 3 (8) = 50 g

58. Q The ratio of O2 and N2 by weight is 1 : 4.

\The ratio of O2 and N2 by moles =

(28)x = (28)5

(12 + 16)x = 140

-2

Thus, the formula of crystalline salt is Na 2SO4 10H2O.

190

63. H2S + 2HNO3 2H2O + 2NO2 + S

54. 0.5 mole chlorine is present in 25 g of MCl 4. Thus, 1 mole

chlorine will be present in 50 g of MCl 4.
But MCl 4 contains 4 moles of chlorine, then molecular weight of
MCl 4 = 4 50 = 200 g mol -1.
55. Number of gram molecules =

(CO)x = 140

1 4
:
32 28

Since, number of molecules = number of moles 6.023 1023

\ Ratio of O2 and N2 by molecules
1
6.023 1023
32
=
= 7: 32
4
6.023 1023
28

50 g of protons present in = 100 g of CaCO3

100
\ 10 g of protons present in =
10 g CaCO3
50
100
Total number of protons present in =
10 6.02 1023
50
= 12 .04 1024
67. In acidic medium, KMnO4 reacts as
2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 3H2O + 5O
or

MnO4 Mn 2+

14 | Chapterwise & Topicwise Medical Entrances Solved Papers

Q Change in oxidation number = 7 - 2 = 5

Since, Cl 2 possesses minimum number of moles, thus it is the

limiting reagent.

\ Equivalent weight of KMnO4

formula weight of KMnO4 158
=
=
= 31.6
5
5
68. As we know that least count of an instrument is equal to the most
possible error of the instrument, hence least count of the
instrument will be 0.01 cm.
69. According to law of multiple proportions, when two elements
combine to form more than one compound, the fixed amount of
one element combining with other element have simple whole
number ratio.

As per equation, mol Cl 2 = 2 mol HCl

\ 0.5 mol Cl 2 = 2 0.5 mol HCl = 1.0 mol HCl
Hence, 1.0 mole of HCl (g) is produced by 0.5 mole of
Cl 2 (or 11.2 L).
3. Let, mass of CaO = x g
\ Mass of BaO = (10 x)g
Again, equivalent mass of BaO
molar mass 153
=
=
= 76.5
2
2
10 - x
\ Number of moles of BaO =
76.5

In N2O and NO, here 16 parts of oxygen react with 14 and 28 parts
of nitrogen. 14 : 28 or 1 : 2 which is simple whole number ratio.
\ It follows law of multiple proportion.

Topic 2

56
= 28
2
x
Number of moles of CaO =
28
moles of solute
From molarity =
volume of solution (in L)

and equivalent mass of CaO =

70. C12 is chosen as standard for measuring the atomic masses of the
elements.

Stoichiometry and Volumetric

Analysis

1. The balanced chemical equation is

1
Mg + O2 MgO
2
24 g

16 g

2.5 =

40 g

\ Moles of solute =

From the above equation, it is clear that 24 g Mg reacts with 16 g

O2.
16
Thus, 1.0 g Mg reacts with
O2 = 0.67g O2
24

2 mol

Q 22.4 volume at STP is occupied by

Cl 2 = 1 mole,
\ 11.2 L volume will be occupied by
1 11. 2
mole = 0.5 mol
Cl 2 =
22.4
Thus,

H2 (g ) + Cl 2 (g ) 2HCl (g )
1 mol

0.5 mol

48.5x = 255.5
255.5
x=
= 5.26
48. 5

or
or

\ Amount of Mg left unreacted = 1. 0 - 0. 84 = 0.16 g Mg

Hence, Mg is present in excess and 0.16 g Mg is left behind
unreacted.

11.2 L

76. 5x + 28(10 - x ) = 0. 25 28 76.5

or

Further, 16 g O2 reacts with 24 g Mg.

24
0.56 = 0.84 g
\ 0.56 g O2 will react with Mg =
16

22.4 L

2.5 100
= 0.25
1000

\ For complete neutralisation (reaction), moles of BaO and

CaO = moles of HCl (solute)
x 10 - x
\
+
= 0 . 25
28 76. 5

But only 0.56 g O2 is available which is less than 0.67 g. Thus, O2

is the limiting reagent.

2. The given problem is related to the concept of stoichiometry of

chemical equations. Thus, we have to convert the given volumes
into their moles and then, identify the limiting reagent
(possessing minimum number of moles and gets completely used
up in the reaction). The limiting reagent gives the moles of
product formed in the reaction.
H 2 (g ) + Cl 2 (g ) 2HCl (g )

moles of solute
100
1000

\
4.

% of CaO =
A2

Initial 5 mol

5.26
100 = 52.6%
10

3 B2 2 AB3

7 mol

By reaction 1 mole A2 requires 3 moles B2.

7
Hence, 7 moles B2 will reacts with moles A2
3
7
A2 left = 5 - = 8 / 3 moles A2 (g)
3
1 mole A2 produces 2 moles AB3 .
Hence,

7
7
moles A2 will produce 2 moles AB3
3
3

Total moles of gases in vessel

14
8
= moles A2(g) +
moles AB3 (g)
3
3
22
moles
=
3

Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry | 15

OH

11. Given, V = 1.12 10-7 cm 3

Q 22400 cm 3 of the gas at STP has molecules = 6.02 1023

conc. H2SO4

5.
100 g

\ 1.12 10-7 cm 3 of the gas at STP will have molecules

82 g

100 g cyclohexanol produces = 82 g of cyclohexene

82
1 g cyclohexanol produces =
g of cyclohexene
100
If reaction occurs 75% then 100 g of cyclohexanol produces
82
75
=
100
= 61.5 g
100
100
The weight of cyclohexene formed
82 100 75
=

= 61. 5 g
100
100
6. N2 (g ) + 3H2 (g ) a

=
D

12. CaCO3 CaO + CO2

CaCO3 + 2NaCl
1 mol

2NH3 (g )

= 0.01 111 g CaCl 2

= 1.11 g CaCl 2
Thus, in the mixture, weight of NaCl = 4.44 - 1.11 = 3.33 g
3.33
\ Percentage of NaCl =
100 = 75%
4.44

0.006 g

13. Given, volume of O2 = 1 L

0.006 g of H2 reduces 0.1596 g of A2O3.

0.1596 6
6 g of H2 will reduce =
= 159.6 g of A2O3
0.006
Thus, molar mass of A2O3 = 159.6 g

Q 22.4 L of O2 at STP = 32 g
32
1 L of O2 at STP =
g = 1. 428 g 1.43 g
\
22.4
14. 22.4 L of H2 = 1 mol H2

Let, atomic weight of A = x

0.224 L of H2 =

2x + 3 16 = 159.6
2 = 159.6 - 48 = 111. 6

8. N2 + 3H2 2NH3
6g

34 g

\ Volume of 1 molecule of water =

Limiting reactant is H2.

Weight of NH3 obtained from 6 10-3 kg of H2 = 34 10-3 kg

\ Weight of NH3 obtained from 3 kg of H2

=
9.

3NaH2PO4
Sodium dihydrogen
orthophosphate

34 103
3 = 17 kg NH3
6 103
6Na 2HPO4

10 g (5 mol)

3Na 5P3O10 + 6H2O

Sodium hydrogen
orthophosphate

10. Q 22400 mL water contains water molecules = 6.023 1023

\ In 1 mL, the number of water molecules =

2H2

16.

Hence, stoichiometric ratio = 1.5 : 3

6.023 1023
22400

Therefore, number of water molecules in 1 drop

6.023 1023
= 1.344 1018 molecules
22400 20

mass
density

18 10-23
= 2.98 10-23 cm 3 or 3 10-23 cm 3
6.02 1
O2

2H2O

64 g (2 mol)

As 1 mole of O2 reacts with 2 moles of H2. But here 2 moles of O2

are available, thus, O2 act as a limiting reagent.
Thus, 1 moles O2 produces = 2 moles H2O
2 moles O2 produces = 4 moles H2O
\
17. The reaction of oxidation of ferrous oxalate by potassium
dichromate in acidic medium is written as
2FeC2O4 + Cr2O72 + 14H+ 2Fe3+ + 2Cr 3+ + 4CO2
+ 7H2O

Since, 1 mL contains 20 drops.

1
0.224 = 0.01 mol of H2
22.4

15. Mass of one molecule of water

18
molar mass
=
=
g
NA
6.02 1023

x = 55.8
28 g

CaCl 2 + Na 2CO3

\ 1 mol CaCO3 = 1 mol CaO @ 1 mol CaCl 2

0.56
mol CaO @ 0.01 mol CaCl 2
56

7. A2O3 + 3H2 2 A + 3H2 O

1 mol

1 mol

If the quantity of N2 (g ) reacted is 100 mL

\ The quantity of H2 (g ) is three times, 300 mL
and NH3 produced = 200 mL
0.1596 g

6.02 1023
1.12 10-7 = 3.01 1012 molecules
22400

2 moles of FeC2O4 are oxidised by = 1mole of Cr2O27 .

\ 1 mole of FeC2O4 will be oxidised by

1
= = 0.5 mole of Cr2O27
2

16 | Chapterwise & Topicwise Medical Entrances Solved Papers

+4

+2

24. 2PH3 (g ) P(s) + 3H2 (g )

18. MnSO4 MnO2

Equivalent weight =

Here, change in oxidation state of Mn is 2.

M
Thus, EMnSO 4 = .
2

\ There is an increase of 150 - 100 = 50 mL

25. 3MnO4 + 5C2O42 + 5Fe2+ + 24H+ 3Mn 2+ + 10CO2
+ 5Fe3+ + 12H2O
Q Number of moles of
C2O42- = 3

19. C(g ) + O2 (g ) CO2 (g )

1 mol
12 g

1 mol
22.4 L
27 g

27 g of Al is reduced by 3 6.023 1023 electrons

\ 4.5 10

-5

C3H8 +

3 6.023 10 4.5 10
27

= 3.01 1018 electrons

3
O2 3CO
2
Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2

1 mole of Fe2O3 3 moles of CO

Q 160 g of Fe2O3 require O2 =

3
32 = 48 g
2

\ 1.60 kg of Fe2O3 will require O2 = 480 g

22. CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O
For 16 g of methane (2 22.4) L of O2 is required.
2 22.4 4
For 4 g methane oxygen required =
= 11.2 L of O2
16
23. According to the question, the reaction occurs as
74
(= 1 mol)

CO2
44
(= 1 mol)

CaCO3 +
100
(= 1 mol)

Given, 50 mL of 0.5 M Ca(OH)2 reacts with excess of CO2.

\ Number of millimoles of Ca(OH)2 reacted = 25 mmol
Q 1 mole of Ca(OH)2 gives 1 mole of CaCO3 ,
\ Number of millimoles of CaCO3 formed = 25
\ Number of milliequivalent
=

PbO

207.2 + 16
= 223.2
1 mol

2HCl
2(35.5 + 1)
= 73
2 mol

weight (in mg)

25 100
=
= 50
equivalent weight
50

Number of milliequivalents of CaCO3 = 50

As, volume of CaCO3 solution = 50 mL
So, normality of CaCO3 solution = 1 N
[milliequivalent = N V (in mL)]
Normality of HCl = 0.1 N (given)
Volume of HCl = ?
N HCl VHCl = N CaCO 3 VCaCO 3
0.1 VHCl = 1 50
50
VHCl =
= 500 cm 3
0.1

PbCl 2 + H2O
207.2 + 71
= 278.2
1 mol

3.2
= 0.087 mol
36.5
Thus, 2 mol of HCl gives = 1 mol of PbCl 2
1 0.087
mol of PbCl 2
0.087 mol of HCl =
\
2
Number of moles of HCl =

= 0.0438 mol 0.044 mol PbCl 2

28. Change in oxidation number = (+7) - (+2) = 5
\

Normality of solution = 5 0.04 = 0.20 N

Volume = 250 mL

H2O
18
(= 1 mol)

3CO2 + 4H2O

Q To burn 22.4 L C3H8 , the oxygen required = 5 22.4 L

5 22.4
\To burn 1 L C3H8 ,the oxygen required will be =
=5L
22.4
27.

3
moles of O2
2

5O2
5 22.4 L

22.4 L

-5

21. 3C +

Ca(OH)2 +

required to oxidise 5 moles of

26. Volume of a gas at STP = 22.4 L

g of Al will be reduced by
23

MnO-4

\ Number of moles of MnO-4 required to oxidise 1 mole of

3
C2O2
= 0.6 mol
4 =
5

20. Al 3+ + 3e- Al
27 g

3 mol
150 mL

2 mol
100 mL

molar mass
change in oxidation state

\ Number of equivalents of KMnO4

= 0.20

250
= 0.05
1000

29. K2S2O8 (aq) + 2KI(aq) 2K2SO4 (aq) + I2 (aq)

In this reaction, one mole of K2S2O8 reacts with 2 moles of KI,
hence, the stoichiometry of this reaction is 1: 2.
30. C + O2
12 g

CO2

22.4 L

The amount of carbon unreacted = 40

10
=4g
100

So, the amount of carbon reacted = (40 - 4 ) = 36 g

Q At STP, for the combustion of 12 g of C, oxygen required
= 22.4 L
\ For the combustion of 36 g of C, oxygen required will be
22.4
=
36 L = 67.2 L
12
31. Fe2+ Fe3+ + e- (Oxidation)
+

8H +

MnO4-

+ 5e Mn

2+

+ 4H2O (Reduction)

(i)
(ii)

Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry | 17

D

38. 2Ag2CO3 4Ag +

Eq. (i) is multiplied by 5

2+

5Fe

3+

5Fe

+ 5e

Then, balanced equation is

8H+ + 5Fe2+ + MnO4 5Fe3+ + Mn 2+ + 4H2O

Thus, the ratio of stoichiometric coefficient of Fe2+ and MnO-4

is 5 : 1.

32. Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2

1 mol

2.76 g of Ag2CO3 will give =

2 mol

Ca Ca 2+ + 2e-

(i)

Al 3+ + 3e- Al

(ii)

Eq. (i) is multiplied by 3 and Eq. (ii) is multiplied by 2, add

Eqs. (i) and (ii) also
3Ca 3Ca 2+ + 6e-

1 mol

Q 2 mol NaHCO3 on decomposition gives = 1 mol Na 2CO3

\ 0.2 mol NaHCO3 on decomposition will give
1
= 0.2 = 0.1 mol Na 2CO3
2
41. CaCO3 CaO + CO2
11.2dm 3

+ 6e- 2Al

22 .4 dm 3 of CO2 occupied by = 1 mol CO2

3Ca + 2Al 3+ 3Ca 2+ + 2Al

1 11. 2
mol CO2
22.4
1 11 . 2
=
44 g
22. 4

\ 11.2 dm 3 of CO2 occupied by =

Therefore, the stoichiometric coefficient of Ca in the given

reaction is 3.
34. CO and O2 reacts as
CO +
20 L

1
O2 CO2
2
10 L

4 108 2.76
= 2.16 g Ag
2 276

D
40. 2NaHCO3
Na 2CO3 + H2O + CO2

= 67.2 dm 3 of CO

2Al

2 276 g of Ag2CO3 gives Ag = 4 108 g

4 108
1 g of Ag2CO3 will give Ag =
g
2 276

For complete neutralisation,

mole of NaOH = mole of benzoic acid
w 12.2
or w = 4 g
=
40 122

= 67.2 L of CO

3+

O2

39. C6H5COOH + NaOH C6H5COONa + H2O

3 mol

Volume of 1 mol carbon monoxide = 22.4 L (at STP)

1 mole of ferric oxide is reduced by = 3 moles of CO
= 3 22.4 L of CO

33.

2CO2 +

4 108 g

2 276 g

CO2 = 22 g CO2
The reaction of neutralisation would be

20 L

KOH + CO2 KHCO3

If 20 L CO reacts with 10 L O2 and gives 20 L of CO2. Thus,

left amount of CO will be (30 - 20) = 10 L at the end of the
reaction.

56 g

56 g KOH required = 44 g CO2 for neutralisation

KOH required for complete neutralisation of 22 g of CO2
56
=
22 = 28 g
44

+7

35. Mn O4 + 5e- Mn 2+
+6

Cr2 O2
2Cr 3+
7 + 6e

Equal volumes of 1 M KMnO4 and 1 M K2Cr2O7 have equal

number of moles of KMnO4 and K2Cr2O7 .

44 g

42.

C2H4

+ 3O2 2CO2 + 2H2O

12 2 + 4 = 28

96

As 1 mole of KMnO4 accept 5 moles of electrons and 1 mole of

K2Cr2O7 accepts 6 moles of electrons.

Q The weight of oxygen required for complete combustion of 28 g

ethylene = 96 g

Thus, K2Cr2O7 will oxidise more Fe2+ to Fe3+.

\Weight of oxygen required for combustion of 2800 kgethylene

36. Starch solution gives a blue (purple) colour with a drop of

iodine solution because it forms a starch-iodide complex
which is purple in colour. When it is titrated, its colour
disappear. So, it is used in iodometric titration as an indicator.
37. Potassium dichromate is used in volumetric analysis mostly in
oxidation titration because it is not hygroscopic. It forms
compounds with other elements and precipitate out.

96 2800
= 9600 g = 9.6 kg
28

43. 1 mole of gas occupied 22.4 L at STP = molecular mass of a gas

Given, mass of O2 = 2 g at 27C and 760 mm Hg (or at STP)
As,
32 g of O2 = 22.4 L at STP
22.4
2 g of O2 =
2 = 1.4 L
\
32