:

LLUSTRATION
OF

s.

v^

LONDON

LOVELL REEVE

HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN

1855.

.'

Fitdi del. etlith

Vincent Brooivs Imp

TO

THE HONOURABLE SIR JAMES W. COLVILE,

PTTIS]!fE

JUDGE IK TUB SUPREME COUBT OE CALCUTTA,

PRESIDENT OF THE ASIATIC

SOCIETY

OF

KNT.,

ETC.,

BENGAL

AKB
i

THE HONOURABLE SIR LAURENCE PEEL KNT

CHIEB'

JUDGE IN THE STJPEEME COTJBT OP CALCUTTA,

ETC.,

PRESIDENT OF THE AGRI-HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF

INDIA

^m
m ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Mrnh m

MttsuukX

OF THEIE EMINENT SERVICES IN PROMOTING THE DIFFUSION

OF SCIENCE AND
OF HORTICULTURE IN INDIA,

BY THEIR FAITHFUL AND OBLIGED FRIEND

JOSEPH
EoTAL Gaudeks, Kew,
June

30, 1S55.

>'

D.

HOOKER

c-l

LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS.

HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN,

Copy.

HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCE ALBERT,

Copy.

Copies,

Copies.

The Most Noble the Marquis Dalhousie

W.

The Right Hon. Earl Eitzwilliam

John Brightwen,

The Eight Hon. the Earl of Burlington

Borrer, Esq., F.L.S., Henfield

Yarmouth

Esq., Great

Thomas Brightwen,

Esq., Great

Yarmouth

The Right Hon. the Earl of Verulam

Dr. Campbell, Superintendent of Dorjiling, Bengal

The Eight Hon. the Earl of Eosslyn

Thomas Carnegy,

The Eight Hon. Lord Braybrooke

Sir

The Eight Hon. Lord Henniker

John Cathcart,

........

Bart., Chertsey

Ayr

The Eight Hon. Lord Harris

Miss Cathcart, of AUoway

The Dowager Countess of Caledon

Dr. Cleghorn, Madras Medical Service

The Eajah of Burdwan

....

10

Thomas

.....

The Honourable the East India Company

The Government

Esq., of Craigie

Elias Cathcart, Esq., Auchindrane,

of India^ Bengal

Coates, Esq., Ferguslie

30

Miss Marianne Colston

10

Sir

Cambridge University Library

vernor,

The Eoyal Library^ Berlin

Colvilc,

Judge of Supreme Court, Calcutta

Agra

Mrs. Gibson Craig, Edinburgh

E. Colvin, Esq., Bengal Civil Service, Lieutenant-Go-

J.

Edinburgh University Library

James W.

.
A,

The Corporation of Liverpool

The Eev.

The

Charles Darwin, Esq., F.E.S.,

Library^ Marlborough

The Library, London

The University

House

Thomas Gery Cullum,

Hardwick

Bart.,

Down

......

Professor Daubeny, F.E.S., Oxford

Institution

M. Alphonse De CandoUe, Geneva

Library, Gottingen

The Mercantile Library

Sir

Association,

New York

L. L. Dillwyn, Esq., F.L.S., Swansea

.....

The Astor Library,

New York

M.

The Library of the Imperial Botanic Gardens,

St.

Pe-

J.

B. Elliott, Esq., Bengal Civil Service

Walter

tersburg

The Metcalfe Library, Calcutta

The

P. Edgeworth, Esq., F.L.S., Bengal Civil Service

Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta

George Balfour, Esq., Bengal

J. P. Gassiott, Esq., F.B.S.,

Civil Service

Civil Service

J.

....
....

E. Gowen, Esq., F.H.S., London

Miss Graham, Limekills, E. Kilbride

Clapham

William Gourlie, Esq., F.L.S. , Glasgow

A. K. Barclay, Esq., F.E.S., Bury Hill

Madras

G. E. Frere, Esq., F.B.S., Roydon Hall

Professor Balfour, F.L.S., Edinburgh

Elliott, Esq.,

....

.....

Sir E. Barlow, Bart., Bengal Civil Service

John Gray,

Esq.,

Joshua Bates, Esq., London

John Gray,

Esq., Wheatficld, Lancashire

Greenock

J.

H. Batten,

Esq., Bengal Civil Service

Arthur Grote, Esq., F.L.S., Bengal

Civil Service

r"

W.

Bean, Esq., Bqpgal Civil Service

Mrs.

Belfield,

Thomas

W.

Primley Hall, Torquay

Bell, Esq., E.E.S.,

Bell, Esq.,

J.

Bengal

H. Gurney,

Esq., M.P., Catton

Lady Jane Hamilton, Eozelle

London

Eobert Hanbury, Esq., London

Civil Service

C. Harland, Esq., Bengal Medical Service

Mrs. E. L. Blackburn

The Eev. Professor Henslow, F.L.S., Hitcham

William

Miss Henslow, Hitcham

Blvtlie, Esq., Ilollandbank

LIST OE SUBSCRIBERS.

Copies.

Mrs. HensloW;

sen., Bildestone

Bengal
Doijiling,
F.L.S.,
Esq.,
Hodgson,
B. H.
Brian Hodgson, Esq., Arnheim, Holland

John

Eliot

T.

Sir Laurence Peel, Chief Justice, Calcutta

Colonel E. A. Reid, C.B., Madras

Jameson, Esq., M.D., Saharunpore Botanic Gardens

T, P. Aston Key, Esq., Bengal

J.

Civil Service,

Patna

Sigismund Rucker, Esq., E.H.S., Wandsworth

Turnham Green

Esq., E.H.S.

Dr. Mackay, LL.D., Dublin

Service
Medical
Bengal
Macrae,
Dr.

'.

Service
Civil
Bengal
Esq.,
M'Leod,
E.
D.

Arthur Malet, Esq., Bengal

Civil Service

John Strachey, Esq., Bengal

The Right Hon. Laurence

Messrs.

A.

J.

W.

.......
.....

Civil Service

Sulivan, E.H.S.,

Fulham

......

Cuthbert Thornhill, Esq., Bengal Civil Service

....
*

J. S. Torrens, Esq.,

M. Ambroise

Masters and Son, Canterbury

Esq., Albemarle Street

Sameed Nath, Bengal Hurkura, Calcutta

Bengal Civil Service

Verschaffelt, Ghent.

The Rev. Dr. Whewell, E.R.S., Cambridge

Moffatt Mills, Esq., Bengal Civil Service

John Murray,

Army

Dr. Thomas Thomson, F.R.S., Calcutta

Miss Martin, Edinburgh

Mrs. Mason, Copt Hall

.....
......

London

R. H.

Solly, Esq., F.R.S.,

....
....

Army

E. Silvester, Esq., North Hall, Chorley

Captain Baird Smith, Bengal

Wandsworth

Captain Walker S. Sherwill, Bengal

Civil Service

George Lock, Esq., Bengal

Saunders, Esq., F.R.S.,

Army

H. C. Rothery, Esq., E.L.S., London

W. W.

.......

D. Llewellyn, Esq., F.R.S., Penllegare

John Luscombe,

of Practical Geology

Mrs. Rawdon, Larkfield, Eastbourne

Howard, Esq

Dr. Lindley, E.R.S.,

Museum

Dr. Percy, F.R.S.,

R. Hudson, Esq., F.R.S., Clapham

W.

........

Oldham, Esq., F.R.S., Calcutta

J.

R. Withecombe, Esq., Bengal Medical Service

r

James Yates, Esq., E.R.S., Highgate

Major Nation, Bengal Army

....
L

Joseph Nield, Esq., M.P., London

......

Dr. R. Wight, E.R.S., Grazely, Reading

^
/

Copies.

'-.

DU

I HAVE had a double object in publisMng the present

my

friend, the late

Botany

Mr. Cathcart,

ION.

Work

one

is

memory

to pay sucb a tribute to the

as should ensure the association of his

name with

of

the progress of Indian

the other, to record the services he has rendered to that science by having caused a magnificent

series

of coloured drawings of

Himalayan plants

made

to be

in a previously almost

unknown

part of

that mountain-range, and which since his death has been presented, through me, to the Hoyal Gardens of

Kew, by

his sister,

These objects,

Miss Cathcart, of AUoway.

it

appeared to myself and to Mr. Cathcart's friends, would be best attained by publishing
9

a limited series of the drawings, in such a form as should convey to the patrons of Botany and Horticulture
in this country and in India

some idea of the beauty and

interest of that

Mora

to

whose

illustration

Mr,

In carrying out these views, I have been

Cathcart so zealously and liberally devoted his time and means.

r

SO fortunate as to secure the services of

Mr. Mtch, who has redrawn aU the Plates, availing himself of

my

preserved specimens and analyses, and, by his

has corrected the

most of the

stiffness

own

unrivalled skill in seizing the natural characters of plants,

and want of botanical knowledge displayed by the native

artists

who executed

'

originals.

I have endeavoured to choose such subjects as combine

scientific interest

with remarkable beauty in

form or colour, or some other qualification that would render them eminently worthy of cultivation in England,

and can only regret that I

am

obliged to limit myself to so small a selection

the drawings in question,

of which there are nearly one thousand, affording ample materials for a large series of equal beauty and
ovelty with those

To make

published.

this

volume a better

illustration of a

mountain Elora, I have

added a few figures of alpine plants which were found at greater elevations than Mr. Cathcart was enabled
to visit,

and these are reproduced by Mr. Fitch from drawings of

my

own.

Mr. Cathcart was an ardent amateur, a man of a highly cultivated mind ; naturally of a
disposition,

as

much

he loved science

for its

as the prosecution of

mainspring of his actions.

own

them

sake

and the hope that the

gratified his tastes for

would benefit others

what was curious and beautiful in nature, was the

His zeal was singularly unobtrusive,

in India were aware of the extent of his exertions

fruits of his labours

retiring

so that

few even of the cultivators of science

his pursuits were, however,

weU known

to a wide circle

>>

INTRODUCTION
by wliom he was held in high esteem, and who, though they might not share

of friends in tliat countiy,

tastes,

To

coidd appreciate his devotion to them.

assured, be acceptable,

no

than to aU

less

men

of science, who, whether or not they

yet find

many followers amongst

is

cultivated.

may

add, too, that I hope

may

will,

am

labour in the same

man whose

country and devote themselves to the same pursuit, look for some record of a
deservedly praised so long as Botany

and labours

such, a brief notice of his life

his

services

wiU be

Mr. Cathcart's example wiU

the members of that branch of the service to which he was so long attached,
r

a branch of which aU the members have the means, and

all,

at one period or other of their career, the time,

to devote to the

The

late

advancement of some department of

science,

whether as amateurs or as students.

James F. Cathcart was the youngest child of the Honourable David Cathcart, of Alloway,

Judge in the Supreme Court of Session and Justiciary of Scotland

he was born

at

Edinburgh, 19th

February, 1802, and educated at the

High School

In 1818 he was sent

of that city.

to

HoUand

with a

an LL.D. of the University of Leyden, at the famous Botanic Garden of which ancient seat of

brother,

learning he imbibed his

couragement from

first

On

love of Botany.

his maternal grandfather, Dr.

his

return to Scotland he

met with the warmest en-

Mure, a botanist of considerable attainments, residing in

Ayrshire, in whose house young Cathcart found an excellent Hortus Siccus and botanical library.

His time

was passed partly in Ayrshire and partly at Edinburgh, where he availed himself of the lectures of Dr.
Jamieson, the Professor of Natural History, and Dr, Eutherford, the Professor of Botany.
r

After being appointed to the Civil Service, Mr. Cathcart passed through the usual course of studies at

Hayleybury

and before leaving

for Calcutta in

1822 he spent some time

in Paris, chiefly pursuing his

favourite science at the Jardin des Plantes.

In India Mr. Cathcart devoted aU

his hours of relaxation to the study of plants, birds,

observing diligently, training his native servants to coUect, and sending seeds
for books.

of

home

and

insects,

to his friends in exchange

His health, however, never robust, soon gave way, and he was early obliged to repair to the Cape

Good Hope, on

In 1833 he took advantage of

sick leave.

his three years' furlough to return to Europe,

briaging with him a fine Hortus Siccus, which he presented to the Boyal Botanic Gardens of Edinburgh.

Natural History

still

occupied him in his native country, and he devoted himself with peculiar pleasure to a

re-examination of the woods, glens, and mountains of the south of Scotland.

Erance, Switzerland, and Italy, spending the winter of 1835-6 in
to Bengal.

Here

his health quickly failed him,

time to the Cape of

Good Hope

and

Eome,

In 1835 he travelled in

shortly after

after a short visit to Dorjiling,

which he returned

he repaired a second

(about the year 1839), where he remained nearly a year, diligently coUectiag

minerals and plants.

/

close of his long Indian career,

Towards the

Mr. Cathcart's health gave way a third time, and he

obtained leave to spend the last few months of his period of service at Dorjiling, intending to stay there for
r

a year or more,

if

the cliinate suited him.

His main object in doing

this

was to study

at leisure the rich

and

\
r

varied flora of that then almost

unknown

portion of the Himalaya, and in the hope (as he afterwards told

>

me) of forwarding

knew

my

views,

1 was then exploring.

by employing

his artists in illustrating the

botany of that country, which he

INTRODUCTION.
I shall never forget the pleasure our
of mountains, on his arrival

he was

meeting afforded

-first

was in the

It

up
the
steep
ascent
o

toilins"

forests of the outer

-B

walking beside his pony

to Dorjiling,

himself and his servant laden with flowering plants and ferns, as I was descending on an excursion to

the Terai, at the foot of the mountains

On my

long

house, surrounded

Our conference was very

by a broad verandah, from which baskets of Orchids,

which living plants of

Lepcha

collectors,

who scoured

his plans,

and invited

He

kinds were piled in profui

all

it

was an earnest of many

my

co-operation

and in

his house

were suspended, and on the

etc.,

had already established a corps of

the neighbouring forests, descending to

bringing every plant that was to be found in flower

me

but

return to Dorjiling a few weeks afterwards, I found Mr. Cathcart occupying a larg

floor of

told

brief,

2000

feet,

were two

and ascending

artists busily at

he intended to procure more

artists,

8000

to

He

work.

the best that could

be obtained, from Calcutta, especially those skilled ones, who had been trained under WaUich and Griffith
r

in the Eotanic Garden,

and to draw every plant of

interest that

he or I could procure.

Flora of the Himalaya was a work which I contemplated, he most liberally offered

drawings on

my

me

that a

the use of

all

the

return to England, and expressed a wish that I should direct his artists to the plants best

worth figuring, and instruct them in perspective, and in drawing the microscopic

which native

Knowing

artists are

mainly

Mr. Cathcart continued to

deficient.

the points in

reside at DorjiHng

the latter part of the time he kept as

details,

many

and in the neighbourhood

as six artists steadily employed,

till

the winter of

1850

during

and accumulated a collection of

nearly one thousand drawings.

1000

feet

For the

below Dorjiling and 6000

feet

last

year he resided at Leebong, a singularly beautiful spot, about

above the

sea.

His house occupied a mountain spur that projected

-r~

from that on which Dorjiling

5000

feet below,

is built,

overhanging the steep forest-clad gorge of the Great Eunjeet

and descending in steep jungly

slopes

on

the natives to cut paths, directing their operations with

skilful landscape gardener.

either hand.

all

Through these

forests

he had caused

the taste and judgment of an experienced and

These openings led through the tangled jungle, and wound amongst

of giant timber-trees, which

river,

clothed with climbing Pahns, wild Vines, Peppers, FotJws,

tall

trunks

Eodg

and Ij^omma, and laden with masses of Orchids and Perns, suddenly emerging on eminences commanding
views of two hundred miles of snowy mountains, rising range behind range in dazzling beauty, and again

descending by zigzags to cascades fringed with Perns and Mosses, and leading thence along the margins of

rippHng streams, overshadowed by Tree-Perns, Bamboos, and wild Plantains.

In such scenes Mr. Cathcart passed nearly two

air.

His health not permitting of

along which he could ride his pony

spot in the forest, where he

years, spending the

his taking strong

and

his habit

was to have

whole day, when

his explorations

fine, in

the open

were confined to the patl

his meals prepared for

him

at

some favourite

might tranquilly admire the beauties of the surrounding vegetation and the

grandeur of the distant prospect, and at which his collectors would rendezvous with baskets fuU of rare and
F

beautiful plants, which were poured out on the grass at his feet,

and

selections

made from them

for the

artists.

In February, 1851, on

my own

return to Calcutta, previous to embarking for England, I found

Mr

INTRODUCTION.

IV

He had

Cathcart residing at Garden Eeach, opposite the Eotanic Gardens.

and the period of

before,

his service

having expired, he

quitted Dorjiling a few weeks

proposed to leave India in the following

He

sending the drawings to me, but spending some months on the Continent himself.

them

tiU his arrival,

when he proposed

Himalaya Rhododendrons, and to

Europe, and for this work I had

and

expend 1000 on

to

distribute it

to the principal botanists

work

me

to retain

similar to the Sikkim-

scientific establishments

and

from

offered to contribute the descriptive matter

my

in.

manuscripts

collections.

On

the 7th of February I saw

my

friend for the last time

the balcony of his house, as the steamer rapidly bore

followed

me

to Europe, but not to England

on the 8th of July, 1851, in

It remains to record

for

Science

it.

is

me down

me from

he signalled a happy voyage to

the Hoogly on

my homeward

way.

He

Switzerland,
in
Lausanne,
at
apoplexy,
of
suddenly
died
he

his forty-ninth year.

my

my

obligations to

I could not have undertaken the present work

to

illustrating a

desired

month,

not yet self-supporting

and to the many friends who have come forward

requires the countenance of amateurs

it

which

late friend's family for that liberal assistance without

no

less

as subscribers

than the severe

-

"Works like the present must appeal to the lovers of art and

studies of proficients to ensure its progress.

afford
that
objects
the
for
Botanists
of
labours
indebted
the
to
mainly
horticulture, the latter of whom are
-I,
the
cultivators
enjoyed
by
opportunities
the
are
Innumerable
delight.
rational
and
most
their
greatest
them
-

'

and
can
exist
alone,
pursuit
neither
indeed,
another:
aiding
one
mutually
of Horticultnre and Eotany of
still less

can they be advanced independently.

It has

been one of

my

purest sources of gratification to find,

^

that the fruits of

my own

Himalayan journeys

(in

the prosecution of which abstract science was

my

primary

object)

have been both appreciated by the lovers of gardening, and have afforded to Mr. Eitch the means

"
justly
that
have
been
drawings
of
series
a
Ehododendrons,"
Sikkim
Illustrations
of
the
in
of executing,
I

pronounced as of unrivalled excellence in an

No

artistic point of view.

the
Plates
render
now pubArtist
to
Eotanical
incomparable
same
spared
by
the
have
been
pains

Hshed worthy of imitation, as combining

scientific

accuracy in the truthful representation of details with

I

graceful grouping in perspective, judgment in

'
L

>
F

upon

stone.

and colouring, and freedom with delicacy in drawing

EXPLANATION
OF THE

PLANTS FIGURED ON THE TITLE-PAGE

The following Sikkim-Himalayan plants have been reduced and grouped hj Mr.

Eitch, chiefly from

Mr. Cathcart's drawings.

1.

In the centre of the

2.

In the centre of the group of

To

the left

title-page, Cathcartia villosa.

flowers,

two flowers of Magnolia CamphelUi.

3.

4.

Codompsis

5.

Bactylicapnos

6.

Meconopsis Nepalensis (yellow panicle of

stem of the mountain Bamboo, on the left-hand side of the title-page.

injlata,

climbing round the middle part of the

tJialictrifolia (in fruit)

Eamboo

stem.

round the lower part of the Bamboo stem.

flowers),

next to the

Bamboo

leaves.
r

7.

Arisama, species undescribed

8. Brnhus rosafolius,
9.

Buhis

red

fruit,

purple-hooded Arum, with two

below the left-hand Arisama

calycimis, red fruit, below 7,

10. Rhododendron

Dalhousm

trifoliolate leaves

beneath the Meconop

leaf.

and across the bottom of the Bamboo stem.

(white), to the left of the

Magnolia CamphelUi

11.

Bhododendron Ilodgsoni,

12.

Bhododendron fulgens,

18.

Bhododendron ceruginosum^ a few flowers above the head of B. fulgens.

(2).

to the right of 9.

to the left of 9,

and immediately above the Buhus

(8).

14. Vaccinium salignum, below B. DalhotmcB.

15. Calanthe, species?, leaf and pale purple flower, to the right of 14.

16. Cceloggne cristata, to the right of 15.

17. Codogyne ocellata, a single flower, above 16, and a

little to

the right of

it.

18. Codogyne Hooheriana, two purplish flowers and leaves, below the Magnolia petals

To
19.

the right of the

Magnolia

stem of a mountain Rattan cane, Calamus, on the right-hand side of the

20. Purple-flowered

Ipomma

(species

unknown), elevation 5-0000

21. Hodgsonia heteroclita, both climbing round the

Palm

feet,

title-page.

and

stem.

22. Meconopsis simplicifolia (blue), between the leaves and flowers of the Hodgsonia.
23. Bhododendron AucMandii, large white-flowered, to the right of the Magnolia.
24. Bhododendron

word

Thomsoni, var. candelalrum, between the Magnolia and B. Aucklandii (beneath the

"villosa").

25. Bhododendron Thomsoni (scarlet), between B. Auchlandii and the Hodgsonia leaf.

26.

BuIms flaviis " yeUow Raspberry," below Bhododendron Thomsoni.

,

27. JDactylicapnos thalictrifolia, in flower and fruit (see also 4), at the extreme right hand, lower corner.
28. jEschynanthus Peelii, to right of Bhododendron Auchlandii.
I

29. Calanthe veratrifolia (pale

lilac),

below Bhododendron Auchlandii.

30. Cmlogyne prcecox (purple), below 27.

I lai^e

J.D.H.iel..W:ELtc'h.litli

"^cent BrooKS

^-S,

^-

'i(ME^

'. Tffili

(CjLrMm.,j

MALE PLANT,

^U
^<.

vw

[^'

^xll

Zi.

Fd

FiUg o

irapv

1'
T'

PLATE

I.

HODGSONIA HETEROCLITA,

u.f. et t.

Nat. Ord. Cucurbitace^e.

Gen

Fl. Mas. Calycis tubus elongatus

limbus patcriformis, 5-gonus.

Petala

basi calycis limbo

patentia, apice tmncata, fimbriato-lobata

monadelplige

sequans

Placentm

lobum

Stio

lobis longissimis, tortis,

Fl. Tcem

loculis linearibus

Ovarium

maris.

Testa ligriosa, reticulatim

caly

Semina per paria

Endouleura crassissima, suberosa

brevis ; plumula lobata.

masculi spicati, basi hradeati

Corolla

tubum

Stylus elongatus,

pulpa dura repleta.

Embryo exalbuminosus

utrinq

Bacca depresso-glob

Polia alterna, sempervirentia, coriacea, palmatiloba.

Anth

triadelpha.

sed basi ovario sphscrico adhserens

3, parietales, basi

minore plerumque

pendul

Caulis alte scandens, ramosus.

Flores mayni, extus rufo-brunnei, velutiiii

foeminei

puberuli

v.

Petioli elongaii.

Cirrlii

laterales^ ^-^-jid\

HoDGSONiA

heteroclita {Hook.JiL et Thorns, in Troeeedings of the

Linnean

Society,

No. LIV. Nov

3-5 -lobis

foliis

glaberrimis, calycis lobis dorso glandula cornea, petalis obcuneatis fimbriis longissimis toi

seminibus oblongis testa profund

Wall

Hab. In

Cat.

No

sylvis densis

Chittagong

grandiflora, Wall. Cat.

Java

This magnificent plant

Fl.

Hoxb.

alt.

5500 ped. ascendens; Assam, mont.

Kliasia

Silhet

May, June.

one of the most curious and beautiM of the whole natural family to which

is

belongs, and was therefore selected

by Dr. Thomson and myself

to bear the

name

of E.

E.L.S., of Dorjiling, in the Sikkim-Himalaya, a gentleman whose scientific services in the

and Sikkim

Fl,

No

montium inferiorum Sikkim-Himalayae, ad

Penang

Tricliosanthes heteroclita,

justly merit this honour,

and in whose hospitable residence

my

H. Hodgson,

it

Esq.,

Himalaya of Nipal

examination of this splendid plant

was conducted.
I

Hodgsonia

England

is

very

in

many

parts of Eastern Bengal, but has not hitherto

once flourished in the Calcutta Botanic Gardens, but has long since been

it

graphical distribution
of Penang,

common

lat.

is

very extensive, as

it

lat.

27 N.

inhabiting the deepest and most sheltered valleys of the outer range.

The stems

lost there.

Its geo-

appears to range from almost the level of the sea in the island

6 N., to 5000 feet in the Sikkim-Himalaya,

for it agrees tolerably

been cultivated in

It

at the latter elevation, however,

is

probably also a native of Java,

with the descriptions of several species of Trichosanthes described by Dr. Blume.

are slender lianas,

frequently one hundred feet long;

they climb the forest

trees,

and

their

branching ends, matted together, and covered with leaves, sometimes form dense hanging screens of bright
green foliage.

The

large flowers appear in

and the females breaking

abundance in the

forest,

the traveller's head.

and winter.

off just

when

above the ovary

are very deciduous, the males falling

these flowers

may

whoUy away

often be seen strewing the ground in

the plant itself cannot be recognized amidst the canopy of vegetation above

The great melon-like

Its coarse, hard,

May, and

fruit,

green pulp exudes a

called " Kathior-pot"

gummy

fluid in great

by the Lepchas, ripens

abundance, but

is

in

autumn

austere

and un-

The embryo

eatable.

wMte, of the texture of an almond, and mucb esteemed, tbougb

is

it

lias

but

little

flavour

Some

of tbe botanical cbaracters of tMs plant are most remarkable.

The

flower in all respects resembles

that of a TricTiosanthes, but the ovary and fruit wholly differ from that genus, and ally

East African genus Telfc

The

placentae are decidedly marginal,

at the base of each side of each placenta, contract

and often two embryos, though one

cells,

more

to the
"

collateral ovules

an adhesion, and together form only one seed with two

A further botanical account of

freq^uently imperfect.

is

and the two

it

it

be

will

'

found in the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London.

the

The name
fruit,

heteroclita

was given by Dr. Roxburgh to

supposed to belong to TricJiosantJies),

which he referred

it

we have

this plant

m allusion

retained the name, because

(which he, not being acquainted with

to its differing considerably

its fruit

proves

it

to be even

from the genus to

more

heteroclite, or

anomalous, as regards the natural family to which

it

belongs.

This plant,

when introduced

but not in winter, when

-1

it

into England, will require

an almost

tropical heat

and damp in summer,

ought to be kept more cool and dry.

-i

Plate

I.

Male plant of Hodgsonia

tlie

anthers

and stigmal

Fig. 2.

Pig

heteroclita, of

Ovary of a female

Fig. 1

Longitudinal section of the calyx-tube, showin

flower, with a longitudinal section of its calyx-tube,

showing the

Transverse section of an ovary, showing the six pairs of parietal

styl

magnified.

,-\

h-

-..

rkte

II.

Vincent Brooks imp,

I..D.H.del..W"Iitcii-litK.

M Kk
t?Tj\r|

FEMALE PLANT.

'""'^%

PLATE

II.

HODGSONIA HETEROCLITA,
(t'emale plant.)

See Description opposite Plate

I.

H.f.et t.

Plate

J.D.H

dfil

"W. Htxib

Hlh
"\^ceiit Brofjks

\n \]

IX

,-:

It
y-

Imp

III.

PLATE

III.

HODGSONIA HETEROCLITA,

H.f.

(PRUIT.)

See Description oj)posite Plate

I.

k
^

T.

ate

J-D.Iioolker anal

W. Fitch

lith

YinQunl Brooks

.mimMA. cAMPii;

wfir
iL^

r^wrn^r

^i

V-7

mP

Ii

IV

PLATE

IV.

MAGNOLIA CAMPBELLII,

H.f. et T.

(eloweeing plant.)

Nat. Ord. MAGNOLiACEiE.

Arbor

excelsa, foliis ovalibus vel ovatis utrinque glaberrimis

vel subtus albo-sericeis, floribus ante folia
ipathis

dense fusco-pilosis, petalis

sylvis

den sis Himalayae exterior!

TMs

pellis

Mora

Hooh.fil. et Thorns,

ped.

M.

Sikkim, Bhotan.

superb tree, wMcli forms so conspicuous a feature in

tlie

Aprili,

scenery and vegetation of Dorj ilin

g

chosen by Dr. Thomson and myself to commemorate the

eminent services of our friend Dr. Campbell, Resi
dent at Dorjiling, in connection with the

rise

and progress of that important Sanatarium,

contributions to our knowledge of the geography

and natural productions,

arts,

many

as also his

manufactures, and races of

the Nipal and Sikkim Himalaya.

The Magnolia Camplellii was discovered by Dr.

on the outer ranges of Sikkhn,

at elevations of

thence ascending to the top of Sinchul, 8000

the central ranges at the same elevations,

it is

GriflSth in

8-10,000

much

is faint.

May

In

the tree

is

the

wood

is soft

often deformed, flowers are sometimes produced.

nearly twice as large as that represented here

older trees are

more

and the

size

and almost

Young

tree

from

fruit ripens in October,

The flowering branch drawn

iionally

seen on

straight, often eighty feet

is

end of aU the branches, when the

in full leaf,

forest-tree, aboundino-

though occa

feet

they vary from white to deep rose-colour, or aLnost crimson, and in

leafless

scent

;"

The trunk

less frequent.

high and twelve to twenty in girth, covered with black bark

We

it is

appearing on the road above Pacheem, and

feet,

and Tonglo, 10,000

feet,

flowers are produced abundantly in April, at the

Ehotan

is

The

useless.

as yet perfectly

six to ten inches

the

when a few smaU, and

in Mr. Cathcart's coHection

plants have the leaves perfectly glabrous

is

those of

or less silky on the under surface.

V

There are two other species of this genus in India

found in the interior valleys of Sikkim, where
is

it

one [M. glolosa, H.f.

et T.) has hitherto only

inhabits the skirts of woods, at 9-10,000 feet elevation;

a smaU, also deciduous-leaved tree, with globose flowers,

snow-white, and as large as a

appear with the leaves in June, and are very sweet-scented.

spicua of our gardens.

pL 200),

The

is

third Indian specie^,

M,

It

smaU

fist,

closely allied to the Japanese

M.
iii.

inhabits subtropical valleys.

it

and glohosa would no doubt prove hardy in England, but

it

which

sphenocarpa, Roxburgh (Coromandel Plants, vol.

a native of Chittagong, the Khasia mountains, and Mpal,

where

if. Camphellii

an almost

The

been

if.

sphenocarpa will require

tropical heat.

Plate IV. Flowering specimen

of Magnolia Camphellii.

and spike of

ovaries.

2.

Fig. 1. Flower with the perianth removed, showing the

stamens

Stamens.

3.

Stigma:

magnified.

.1

W.Fitcli.del etkl.JD.H.aaial.

^iQct-ni:

3i(&^
N

J\

liA

BULm

it.

^tdjaS Inxp

PLATE

V.
I

MAGNOLIA CAMPBELLII,

///. et T.

(iRUITING PLANT IN POLIAGE.)

See Description opposite Plate IV,

Plate V.

represents a branch with leaves and ripe fruit

inety feet high, in

with

its

leaf.

Kg.

1.

behind

Seeds, of the natural size.

2.

is

an old leaf

seed

to the

left,

two full-grown

Vertical

outer fleshy covering removed, showing inside the endopleura, containing albumen and

sections of seed,

showing the

trees, sixty

of the testa of

embryo

red, fleshy, outer layer of testa, the black crustaceous coat of the same, the

Vertical

albumen, and
F

minute embryo.

6.

Embryo -.aU

..clX6

<>

W.YMi del.eLlith

JD.H.a.iial

Vincent Broods Imi)

"l-s
i

m^
9

211

o
1

PLATE

VI.

TALAUMA HODGSONI,

H.f. et T.

Nat. Ord. MAGNOLiACEiE.

Arbor mediocris,

obovato-oblongis coriaceis glabris margine subsinuatis,

floribus terminalibus solitariis,
^" interioribus minoribus, fructu magno, carpellis subtetragonis
argute rostratis diametro ti
longitudinalem excedente, rachi profimde excavata, foveolis
rotundatis
foliis

Hooh. fil. et Thorns. Flora

In

sylvis densis

Himalayas

exterioris, regione

subtrop

ped.

ipali

Fl. April

This

is

not an

uncommon

close to the road,

densely clothed with

young

plants.

The

plant in the Sikkim forests

forming a smaU

its large,

flowers

at

Khersiong and below Leebong, where

it

twenty to forty feet high, flowering in AprH, and

alway

tree,

handsome

green leaves,

very fragrant and aromatic

which attain a very great

though they do not

size

pand much, they

exceedingly handsome, from the rich plum-bloom on the

purple outer sepals, contrasting with the ivoiy
whiteness of the inner ones
all the pieces of the flower are thick, hard,
and fleshy
The wood is very soft
:

and worthless
F

Talauma Eodgsoni
would require

to be

flourishes in a stiff clay soH, as

grown

Plate VI. Flowering branch

Fig.

1.

do almost

Himalay

the

and

in a conservatory heated in winter.

of

Talauma Hodponl, with a full-grown

Stamens and column of

Longitudinal section of ovary

2.

Stamen.

ijied.

3.

Vertical section of

Rip

albumen and embry

young

leaf of a

Transverse

showing the woody alveolate axis and insertion of the seed

and 11, transverse sections of
Endopl
d
>

all

behind, of

of

Pollen

The same with most

Seeds

all

13.

Embry

Ovary

of the carpels removed,

of the natural

si

e.

10. Vertical,

Portion of endopl ura {very highly

i

ified.

i
"W'nceiit.

WFitdiM. JDEanal

S\iT TT fT""^ TR

llLi^vi^^

1/1

IT^HA

A,
r

^TTTT^r^

^.A,

dllU^J

^
01

fT5

II

fS)

'V

TTR

4t 1

.tk-oo^KS

TiDp

PLATE

VII.

MICHELIA CATRCARTII,

H/.

et T.

Nat. Ord. MAGNOLiACEiE.

Arbor

excelsa,

foliis

oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis utrinque secus costam

pilosis

amplis, sepalis
Thorns.

Hab. In

sylvis

This

Mora

Himalaya

which elevation

it

petalis

Indica.

?;.

novem, staminibus gynoecium

1. .

tree

new

winter, the

It

is

temperata

freely at

Sikkim,

5-6000

alt.

snowed upon ;

as if

some seasons than

ped.

M.

April

feet,

mth

give

it

the

name

of

beyond

which in

as is the case with its allies, however,

The

at others.

leaves are only partiaUy shed in

It has

and bears the name of Mr. Cathcart, around whose residence

fine trees of it stood

and rather short branches.

who

fil-

ones being put forth during or immediately after flowering,

in April and May.

Leebong, near Dorjiling, some

carpenters,

conspicuous in April from the abundance of blossoms

hitherto been found nowhere but in Sikkim,

trunks,

spicatis,

on the outer range of the Sikkim-IIimalaya, from 5-6000

rarely ascends.

much more

dense

some years the branches are covered, appearing

the trees flower

fere superantibus, carpellis

glabris, floribus

79

orientalis exterioris, regione

common

a very

is

cum

c^terum

The wood

is

these were about sixty feet high,

at

and had straight

good, and used for household purposes by the

Bengali

Champa, which

also

is

commonly applied

to several other species of

Magnoliacea.

The MicMia
leafy

it is
;

CatJicartii

not, however, so

of Dorjiling,

and

is

also

is

weU adapted

showy nor hardy

akiost

1000

it

as the

M.

exceha, which

is

found in Nipal and the Khasia mountains.

Magnolia Camplellii, bears white fragrant

winter;

for a large conservatory, being almost

the

flowers, four to five inches in diameter,

that Sinchul mountain appeared for

feet in height, just

common

below the summit.

many

The other

days as

if

white-flowered species

M. exceha forms

would probably prove hardy in England. In the spring of

1849

leafless,

an evergreen, and always

it

and

a tree as lofty as
almost

is

flowered so profusely

leafless in

when

stiU

a snow-shower had faUen across a belt of

Indian species of MicJielia are chiefly tropical

or

six

subtropical trees.

Plate VII.
7, 8.

Fig. 1. Stmncns.

2. Pollen.

?,<xAi -.natural size.

all magnijied.

9,

3.

^ ^

-^ -^

^-

,, ,,,,-^.,-1

r-, 1-^ ,-^ ,-^ ^-^

Gynoecium.

.^ .^

^, ^\./-S,

^ _ ^

_.

^ ^ ^ ^ ^

i G^r^A
.

w-w-,,i,i,^-,,i.#-*<-*<^..

_,

_.

-_

-.-all maffnifled.

10. Longitudinal sections of seeds.

Ripe

fruit

:-tor/

II. Section of albumen.

12.

Embryo:

>

TV

Viiicc-m

J D,TI.

del et anal 7/. Pitch

,

TiTQ.y/s
."To.:,ks

iinp

lit]i

T*

^^E(L-

I
,

jJ
.

S"

"f^

a}1

'-

^S. O Vi)^.^^

H
I

'

PLATE

VIII.

MECONOPSIS SIMPLICIFOLIA,

///. et T.

Nat. Ord, Papaverace^.

Herba

scaposa, tota patentim hispido-pilosa setis scapi decurvis,

omnibus radicalibus

foliis

scapis 1-floris, floribus nutantibus violaceis, capsula

Papaver simplicifolium, Don, Prodr. Flor. Nep. p.

Hab. In Himalaya

alpina

central! et

orientali;

Hooh. JiL

laiiceolatis in

et Thorns.

petiolum ang

Flora Indica

Wc

Nipalia ad Gossain-than, Wallich

Sikkim,

000 ped

12

alt.

Fl

Mai. Jun
I

The present

is tlie

whole Himalaya, and

where

expands

it

pitable regions.

its

It

is

most beautiful and conspicuous of

common

very

in rocky

and gravelly

May, exposed

delicate blossoms in

all tlie

alpine flowers of Sikkim, if not of the

places, at

12,000

to the violent winds

was originally discovered by Dr. "WaUich's

feet elevation

and snow-storms of those inhos-

collectors in Central Nipal,

-\

found further west in the Himalaya.

The accompanying Plate

There are only two scapig

The

horridula, H.f. et T.

prickles,

it

AU

it is

it is

Nutt.

longer

style,

is

little

is itself

present and the

M,

handled, and has verj

other vegetation was to be

Welsh Poppy

and would hence be referred by some authors to the

but that genus

own.

one of the most alpine plants in the world, and I have

upwards of 17,000 feet elevation, where very

much

but has not been

a smaller plant than that figured here

the Himalayan species of Meconopsis differ from the European

having a

phomm,

at

in the Himalaya, the

which pierce the skin when the plant

scapes, with smaller, paler purple flowers

gathered

of

been found in Sikkim

latter has only

more densely covered with harsh

many

species

my

from a drawing of

is

and upwards,

met

(Jf.

Am

perhaps not really distinct from Meconopsis, and

with.

Camhrica) in

genus Styl
differs in

the valves

of the capsule dehiscing

down

to the base.

Meconopsis simplicifolia would no doubt succeed perfectly weU in an open border or rockwork, provided
A,

it

be kept damp and

cool,

and not exposed to too long-continued sunshine.

</^r\^\.

VIIL

Pig. 1, Hairs of the scape,

all magnified.

7.

Ripe capsule.

8.

11. Loneitudinal section of albumen

Stamen.
Seeds

12.

3. Pollen.

Ovary

5otk natural size.

Embryo

all

maq

Seed
iiied.

of ovary

The same, with the

Ovule
testa

removed

'

'

'

'

"

'

'

'

riate
H'

- -

^TiT-

4S4h
y.

't'^^^W,

/;

^' V

^v^.
r

N^-.

.1 1

''^*n^^

.X
si'
^^l!iii.,.

*^ r.
'i^r-

f^i

-HL'JftJb,^

r.-"'

-:,"'

""V
.
-

,,'-'','.v[.-;
..--'^vi.--

T^'^

--" ^ih

.-

.^.r--

- ... ",^Tf;,fT_,
-,-i'f^,f-T.,

.^.^

">;^-^.

M
<.

''^'^,

-M''

Sv^

"'..

- iW'
J

-!
-.
,

^'

'

'

-HI

^^v.

h;p-'

1"

'.

<;*'

'-T -

'A

\
r.-y

**

v::^j:::

'*. ^n.. I'

d.-

'"h.

*:

.i''-1

^ *-,

1,-1

-II
-

^.j-i.-.!-"'

>'>"^-.-j,'

*ll'

Pit.

^*S':::
.-^^

lh"!'

':'.;.

\
''..."

>.'

'i'.

''"

-^;^e

"ih-.

v:r.

.'F

L
'

'

1"

>~SS^

''t

ri^TT

'^.

ji!^^'--'

-^^

'^-

"^

-^

'

.J*

:N

'f:t'

':>

'"^.

.r-.-i

vV

pTL

Fi<T

[IIS'

"['*''

--

*-.

..^'""

^yT'

.;;

y
/

-v

-;r^;

_If

.rA
7

r-',

.'.-

,\>

LV'i

-,^-'"-"'

'

.-"

*'-C

ir^

'I

v*--**

'^

Ll-J.'

/A'///'^^.

^..

.\4\

Ov

'

'^>^.

..mllfH

-.- -

,.tl^*'

..-'

aI

-"i'

<

T^V
'

'

i?:

^-^.....

.^-'''^-',

-Vi

'"

-A--

'''-.'

'^,

'-..
'I

..',

'<?--.-.
^",.

"'>-

"./.

Li

"-fc^^

:->^

'.1

<

'-J

'

*v,f-

,.

Wx

3^'

\1

0^..

*B

\?='^::

'*.

N.

<*..

'*"--...

.-*i

"l*f-

vw

.v;^^:^

'It/.

..r

s.

'.

\:.

:--,.

^^^:-^

/
/

(IW

'V,

''

->. \\

'

'

'

IT'-/

*<-' l

;.'"^*,

1'

\\

\ \

';

-.V'f

-**'**-

\'^'-v

V-'*

.-

-*

.
*"-

'

W^ \i

.-"

,#

'-

-:.'e(.x/

....

"\-\

"

',

'

'-

*-'--

-,-'

**

'.**,

'

'.:'w./-

I
1

:w'

j>?

.,

'w,,,"'-^':^^V''.'':r

#**?^.

/.

X
/y/>
/

>v

-l^^.

^^r^
h-

-^F

-.-','1
T

Vv

*^^,'-v,

:^

J*

F'_

''..,
/

-'

-.-

'.

^/A

x>

"
1

i^^-^V::

y-

L\1

rt^l

\\ \

"

\
.^

^fV'v.

J*

t-l

v^

>

'J

f [[hi

\
Wli.
.^';-i'-.J
yi
1

%:^

I.

'>.

.i~*

-Tii'jJ'
-'

'"<^
-'':>
r'

Jl*-

"^^

;.

'.
n

'.-

^V

'dl

^feJft.v-rJK-

!'*.

^\''f.^'fm

--*,,

.,1 _
I^l'^

F
'

-L-"-

d_

h
'

If "f*.. IP,-"-

,.

..

'"-y.VJ

;>.xx^
-,v'

.-'.->

.-^-''-

-F

''*''' S c
^.._

r**^:.!*";'

.,^l

t*^-"'--!*' -'

'

,-"

.'

'"i

'xV

'^.

:'^v----\

J.V'

,,.'.<^--*^'-*
.,'0'-

<'^K

V- '

,y"

T^.

<'

^ P-^V-'--'

in.

'"-

V^^ -A.

i*H

'-'**-.
rr

'-

>

*.

'.

'--

'

\\

^^'

>*

A-

.(ft*H

'

I'a

..^;

'

k--.i.

.-(i

'T

!*'< 'l-k *>!,!..

t-

1 ^
,

IVh Vr

-Ha

^fl ,''

r1

-.

ll

""

^B.

'I

l-^-'
-'1

.J

'h

ki

...j.:'?'^'

^ >

'

r.

<

,.'-'

.Jjf'
.1^1

"^

'^ -1

^>v.^'*^.,.

T?;-^

ii^rS

V
'.

'

'(
I

4-'

1/

.^

'"^-^

'

''F

''If

"^'i.

'

'

?
-'^

V--

Vj""'

..

-I

'^*"*''^

'^

.:

,^'

.-<-<'
H

..a*^:^.-:--....

^;^^^*^

L^-v>'

'-.->,.

^\

"'^-

'^-

'I.'',-":?:"*^,

'T^V^

^.

^ .-

Vs:

-;*a^'

-^--.

-f
-,.

-y

.;

.;

\^

Z"*-

'^^-^.v

.,

'

'.I

::

^-^"-Fj

-K
Fl

"^i'

--

'*.

\\

^1

--!

>-

V
V

S)

"^,^*-*''-

A,-'"'

:;

\\

-,7'..

-j'''-'!>*H>*i"K'^v^',. ..

'"

'"

\-

t*rtj

-VC

..-

\l
/
1^'

--^^::.

.1- *
' /
'

K\

A,

'^ x>

'It
\'>
-*.

\.

<kJ

#)T,;

I;

ii.'-V.

.^1,

*^-v.

%
\

'

.V

<\

-A

>

:!-

r*.'

^
r

'

,l<

'W^S^:

/ -'W:--y

'V

m'

sii:

';^:
/' V

IC

^'i:

rv

;\

'h

'V
\

1^

^'
K.V:.-!.

^^..

>^.
.>

Ill'

-y.

1.

*l

,"\

IT.'

.
XA

-td

'.''

^^1

X..

'"^

^v...

'

.--

'<

,,

-t^'

-yy^

->

\.'

\.

^''^?^_-:i
'R:.'

^:

I'

'

^1

:\
tH--

V
."J?*-

fv.

'_

-J.

hi_'

-^'^.

*^'

-V

f^^i
L

X-}

i
J^

^--^

|N'>

^^'

-^^t

>^
'

F
1

^-^ -

.-^"

'li

-T.

'

-^

1
V

j'

v*^

.^<r

V-

,^

-'.,

...^;^

'*^^**'.*rt^-.iij'v

-<*3i*'^

.f':JV,

.yv-\

>'.':'

//

...X-';-"

^-^"^

.-

vs

."

xs

v-

:i

^/j

-_

1.

'
.

-t'

r.

;r ="i---

.y-

4H
.fl-'

t^i

^^

^^ri.
L'

/*

.-"

^..

f-.

/]

^v

':'*

'-m'

^'
^' .

'

'^^ ^B-

j*-

..^''
*

:<7-.

.^

-*;f,-'.
^^ -^'JH,y._

>*
'.''.*

.V^"'

VL-'-

>v
"-

.^^
ai'

v-"

'

If;
-T-"

.^*'

^^

-c-,s"

^/

./-:

J-1'T

-f-^.'<

v*

.'

.'

-X
.

'I't

T#.

"1-

I'-..

,'-- -

."

.#^^:

'V

;'-:

^ ,*'
.4

'V
l'

rfisft

\^

'^

r^

\>A

^\
'.

'

'

:>i

.--c
,"tf,'.^

As

1-

-'JI i

!5^-

T'
b

'^''

>

^
:
-J'
.

'','

^-

:^^

-^

1-

f:\^

r;-'

rf..

T_'

?4^,
/'

W^W

.t.-'

?
L-

^^>^r/.

v%-*
-^
IfI-

>^ iV'-J

'_

L-Wr
*'*"id

-^^Jiii^J

1- ^-''^

**^..

'/

\v:sw:;

't> '-.

-;''

C-

-*v

>-

V^L

'!-'

;^'
-:f
'
4%

'

life

jji

>

-v.

^v

,^

f^

'sm

^
*

^
.1'

'"-.?!;'

Tt

-.Hv'lx--'."

^5

3
-(-

"

j.--^.j,.j :-7'i -i.L-l

'.y*

iV^V,:'

H.-* -<*-:-

*.

J-

*-\

S'
y\-^

//

^4.
-f'-

w^-

"l.

f^^'.'i"

-h

,W-'-

...,-'-^

v^ .->L..

-\:i

X
l^

ii
L

i-i

rk

s.^

X- V.

..

X
V
>rf->
ii-\

i6

^>:a

-"-.

k-i

^''

m^

-.

^-

x-l'

d''

''.

^'

.X

*j' 'tji''^

\fJ-

^"^^,:

*-**.-,_

%.

ffP

>.

.-iS

o_

"<

X^^;^ s

.'
Fb-_'

* .-

nik
-

\h

/Wpi'^S'-*'

'"''^^^

^km

--P*1'>L
^T',,.

>-

X-

w^

V^

-V

//
>

t-*

^--*

Lv

^
/

F^

i-

^"

r*'

^1

h'h

y"

-.;-i

'1

^X

LV

'?f>^

7.
.f

_.

-'

-,4tT-'-l

l/
<

ij-

-Li

A
l1.

:a*

(*

v\
rr.

i^
'>:^
b-

0^

'1

it

i.:^

Eh

r-^i*:-

k:im

-*f"

_ll

'i

.'

,H

:^''W^i

..A

t\^

^i^

."j^.
V-:^

-';.
tf

- *

Ci-.'

',

^x

'''

^tte.

Wf?-

.^.

i<

ji*^

L<
/

f^
^f

iAi:-^^-

*.

K>.
'

>.
=(.

-J^'tV:

:^X

?'

^.'

S.I
--.

-y-

(*

'I

.^r I
F

!:1J^

r
'-I

."'
*l

i
V

f(^
-J'

V'

J-

LX-

,-''

^'^.

\K'
y.-

Mil

,*^

M
J

'I

l^.

".

-(

>r,k.<

:.^*7rii^-^>'

.<i

VJ

y^ J

L'^F*

\r-r.
-1 ]_
Ll

I"

"^

J'

S"

!*^.

\
"^

V.

\,
V'j

"TfI

.,-h,-T'''i'

'V
'<

V'l

RS'i-

Vs:*-'--

S-!.'

' h'k

r-*'

"

'\

.;i>jy^

;?

ik^
"'

^l'..
-<>

k'

,,;-^,
ImK-r

J.T)Jl,dd

&an.^]./,V.Tit>::^-: Irth

'/

'-.^

:>

'-

VL.

^^r7:

^;x

-'^-^
/

>y^-i

1\

''>

1,

i''^**

\^

r-j

^-'j

'

m,i^erj,

MlrD(IDH'D';PSA^^

W 1 FA

Vf/j^T
.Q

Ml

Breokr.

Imp

PLATE IX

MECONOPSIS NIPALENSIS,

DC.

Pap averages.

Nat. Ord.
't

Herba

elata, robusta, tota setis

patentibus

pubeque

stellata sicco

aurea obtccta,

caulinis sessilibus linearibus

foliis

oblanceolatisve sinuato-lobatis, floribus aureis racemosis,

pedicellis elongatis patentibus, capsula
ippressis

Indica,

Hab. In

sylvis

v. I.

pubeque

p. 253.

Be

dense obsita.

CandoUe, Prodromus,

Papaver paniculatum, Don, Frod.

Himalayas centralis

et orientalis temperatse

FL Nep. p. 197

v.

\.

p. 121

Wall. Cat.

Nipal ad Gosain

10-valvi

Hooh.jil. et Tlioms. Flora

8123

Sikkim

ped

Fl. Mai. Jun.

sj \.rv

N^^.
'"V^

V<

'v.'X.*'

*W/' *_-

*-'\^*^\> v^*v^,^V'^^Av''^

"i

This superb plant,

when

by Dr. Wallich's coUectors

.nk

five feet
is

in Nipal,

and I found

and luxuriant herbage on the

the level of the sea.

and

seen from a distance, resembles a small yellow Hollyhock

The accompanying

The whole

high

skirts of

it

in the

damp

interior valleys of Sikkim,

Silver-Mr forests (Ah

figure

is

was discovered
growin- amidst

WeUiand), at 10-11,000

taken from a sketch of

plant, like its congeners,

It

my

feet

above

own, of a specimen that

abounds in a bright, chrome-yeUow,

acrid juice,

fetid,

considered to be highly poisonous.

There

is

another and scarcely

less beautiful species of this

genus in Sikkim, with a

many-flowered panicle and smaUer blue-purple flowers

it is

found

much more branched

at equal elevations

on the outer ranges

*

of Sikkim and Nipal, and

pi.

abundant on the top of Tonglo

4668), and has flowered at

also vegetated at

Kew

Kew, from

seeds which I sent to

it is

M.

the

JFalUcMi, Hook. (Eot. Mag.

England in 1848

The present plant has

from seeds which I sent home in the foUowing year, but has not
flowered

Two

other panicled species of Meconopsis inhabit the

M.

mor

Western Himalaya, the M.

rohusta, H.f. et T., both very beautiful plants, neither of

England.

The

Eoyl

aculeata,

and

which have hitherto been introduced into

single-flowered species I have alluded to under the previous Plate.

"*^^^j\j *^ ^^ \y *_/

Hairs of the
magnified.

Seed

Rip

em.

agnified.

-./s./

v/ vv

<.^

-j-\f'\./\j--j-\^

Stamen,

psule, natural size ;

L

have gr

2.

^yv/vj

the testa removed

15. Longitudinal

'V\>*^-- \^ :.f\j-

J-

-^\^ y^ -^ \j \J\^\j ^J*J-:j-^-^\^\^\jy_/^<^- -^

^ \^'*J~\y-\^\y

Ovary

Pollen

8, hairs
t^

of

its

-.J^-^y--^-

r'X/'*^ \J V> \_"^/ \^

Transver
surface, magnifi

of
7.

albumen

6.

Embryo

Deformed embryos from

Ovules
10.

eds

'

'

'

'

''

'

\
\

r,**

1.-

-i-'i

'h'

'*-"^'t^-,,^^.

'--^^

'^^'"'"'''-.-*

"*.

'^^

->. ..-

1-*^

^j

>4

^.H*vi--.pp ^^^^
'

^.-fli---"^-.-

'^.

-,

r4-44b..

"^v.

,^^

.-^^^

,-..^

"t:
-L.

,^'

"**--_

i"

^,

;>-

^-

'^,

".^

^.

.^.
"-.

s:

'

,_^^ ^-4--*'*'*^

'''-''>.^,
,

>

"-^.

/
fI'

..*-^'.

i4'#v-r

*t Cj.-*"

->-"

yvxi

~'-**-,

^^^

>-^^

^.

i'

'"'-">">'...,

,;.

>

''--

--'

H*^"

u.-i'"

.-,'^-

"**.#,^i_ murnfrf-

V.

T\

(-.*(FtW ff'

"v.

/ y

'^

'

ilia*

'"'-^.-It'^

ms^'

^4

V'""'-^'^'*-^,.

UI'j

'--^

"h

^^b.

:^_y

.--'

;-^

,-

>lk *-,'**'

:,'

iti

*H'.

'^

'T

**^
:J^
.".

.^"

>

S2^"i^>i

~^...

"i.

'^

IT'

r" ^.J^-l

/^

'd'-**""* "ta

*,

It

J-*'~''

,1",

r:

^,^
Vh-

-^

N.

-^

I
V"

\-

.<

.^'

K>

..*^

r<t

^4

w:

\i\

^r-l

/
r^

^r.-*

-"'

^ *^..flC--^'

c-''^::

,f

'T.

'b

-llt^

<-.

"'-'*.

"it-.

"v^*.

";-r

/
-.If'

A
.V\

^HVi'J*-*.

'V

,-^''

*"

^^,

.^'

--^

f
^

'I

'"F

-''

'

111

<---

t*

r---"
F.^'

^i^.

^-

'X

V\^'

.^"'

'-.,1'

'-^

-1

\y

^.'

-*^'

'<

^-i

r^-^

*^'.

.1.

r/

fTi'

.,<*'

c'

>-

i'

.,'

.-*>'

.^

^''

r*

'J

V^

>4:'-

^^ ^'Vr^^^l

-Vl

^f

*-^p

^t..

..'*'

"Vr-

'X

r:;
^*.

^/^

^<w

W3

^!

PpI'

'%

**'* * H- *"l-|l-l*j ,

'

^*s.n./-.;>

l^^^

,rV

^titi---..

,...^

'ifj

'.-.

..'

^-,

\ j*^

'/.

.^^W^IWlft*--,,

:.--^"

rJ F

t'

'''.

v.

iLl

i!^,

"S-

*^_

*>'^'^

,-iL^H^^i^

Hj

a::.

I.

'**'"'*

p r*^

.y

/
'

-flj

"...,

v.,

b.^.

./

-iu^tf .'

N\

V.

>-.

X
X

r-v..

t.

.\

^,

-V'-

/^'"

-.

"^-^^

'-Tjl

^^'^'*.'^-.,

^n"-

KKt ^1~ '-^""l

^Fb

-^

^.

TTt

.\

'>.,

a^ 1

>^'.

'-"^

_/

-.*_-

^^^
-''.

^..

'-~.

-IP

^*^,

-If'

-.-p

'

"

-.--.

^i*H

..'^

.-

't.

^/>
Vf'

".^.

A-

A
t

f^

t.

rj

~--.

\:

'>>i.

"^
-*-

"1^.

\'

h-

i'>

/'

N...

*, I,

v
-^j

H.

>.-Ji?tot'

v,

V-

''^-

f-

/i

^.''

/^

*1l>1

'-_

NX

JA4\

\A

c?

ff

>

'-J

f^\

>

X.

.^

[f-'i^.

_--'

\.

.--^"

/'

i?.^

^;

,^'

y'

jp

-i>.

f>^'
-^

r >-

/i

r**H*m*.>,,i'''^

i-

-^^

t"

^^'

y'

tr.

'i

^.^

l-F^.,_^'

^-i.

//,-./'
"h-l

.->'

'

ii

fv

^..

V.'-J.

/*

yr

'II

.-^-^rSi..
:^7

.-^'

?r*"-

','

"...

-fir

'1

"*'.

/'

N.

,1'
''1.

^'

\.s.

1,'

.*.

1 14

^'

''.,

"*<.

'I

L'

'

'

..-'v.

--

r"

(^.

//,

,^

-.^-^

'

"At

,--'-^'

'^yWfVW^*,h,^-^.

\.

jt

*.t.^ '--""

-wJ
J

.7 ',

I'

'^-'

-I

'-1.--^-

-F

W*!^_.
Pl''-

"_^

-"

K,i -'

....,,

"

.1'

>:

\,

E-

\ s.

'

'.' Li

-^

^'

-^f-^Sv'

.^.*"

I"

1/

..f

>

%-

Ci'

.V.J

=4^..
Cb

i.

r^i

^u.l

"1*--,

'

!-

)./'

-.'^'^'"

.,^---"

"_

'/'

t>..

^^

'i'

*^^5'

'-'-t'J

.-^
^r^

Vf

,r\

''*!

f^'

->..-.

}1

\'

'

,Vh

-T'

_l

\1.

'f<-.

//'

t^.

'/-I
I

7)

llr^

.'

?3^
-^'l

fv.

s-::'

,^^.j<-'"''

;j
r

/
'

L'

/j

-^

-^

.^^..

f'^'

'

*;

i-*"*

rtr*^

-^
' *

-^

^*V--

HFHh-|

--,,

\!f

i-i^

,j

.X'

"4

^K

r!

ti

^4 /

^1*'

^^

Fl1

,^--^'

'-

'>7v.
-d'.

'X

/)

;?.VvT iT-j.t^ 1, J ..^*. r--!-"-

/.

1.^4

.---'

"*lJ

,,i-' *,*;

s^-

-r

.11'

-I.,'

1^

/
--

"--.

-I

'^Z-'

'*'

v,_/
'/-

'-

,<---^"

_^'
t:^J
*,''"

'--F^^

;-,,-'^
J"

-S--^"
.^'

%.

.d''

_.**

L.- "r

,-^"

_>-''

/
.J

'l-^.

l .-

'-"^'^--

^>-

,.r'

rife..
^ ^

%.'V-.

rl^-'

s,-^r

.i

&

ri'iFr-

><<

X,
*3.

S'.

...<

'"-

.A

..

'.^**>.j->^-

>s.

*..

>irr^

'-'l*-.-

i>

^;

"-A.

"-^F

4
..

*J-

I-.

^u.

..

^1-'

*".

^^:^^^-^>'

0.

't.-_'

'O

^3r-

<

'IV'-^

'.--,

fc^

i-i

/;

'4,

V-

.:v Tl'-^Jt'

.1

\.

.^

-'.

^T'

.."-*

/*--

'

-.'-

?>.

"l^VT.^^l**" *"^1^'--'"'^

fT^ ^.t'- --- /4-W *,^^^

rfj

.--''

L^.

,i(^:-l.
-

v^

'--mf

4:

iU

>H^n>

t.l

"J..

^'"^'^""-"-^f^r-p^t^-^..^.

It-l-,!^

"^^v~^'^...

'

l-^F-* .1

.M-

r^M.

'"*-

^t\

I*^"^^,'

V'>,

^''^'^.**:

,*-r;

"r

iW^irl^V'*^^
T^>:*

SJ

.V

m.

...-'\

^-.,P--'-

i<

rr:^^^:^;;^--

.^

"'^F
'

^..

Vl

'

^
a.'.''

-^v-f ''''"
^^p.

^. ''-

-t,'

^.-

_r

V
/

F-J

-I

.-->%.

J-*

i\
'

=^5^

^^^

.^.

,-.;

"*

**i;-T-.r

u-t^w^^

.-l'

'

tLJ

BBI.(*1-^

.X. .*-

jrl

,-.

V-.l|-

ti*.

-X

.,'V/
-

\i

>'

L-- -^

if-

1;
rr

I.

'*..

1?

-X

1
I.-,

;'^.-'=

r.

vii

'f:

-r''

Vi-H'tAtS'i-i

it;

-,^"

U\

'.

'-..

^9

..

.-

:h.

ni

./

'>

-ii-[*tif.'.

h.

i-n

I'-.'-

'\-

I
I

ji

. I

Pv,

.-.vl

r--

s]

V
j^

a-.-

-X'
I

'T '<H-

-I

t-\~,_

^I

%..
e

"^1..
r'

7Kt

J
-j-i.-^ '\.

v^

".-''^T
i^^^^*^"""**1*1.* r^^^*""^

^S^'

^hpi F

A.

-^l-

^;?

;y

^'-.-

;&
~-i

i^

'^

';i

l\
-^^*i*''

f.f

jt:

F.'r/.
--

^;t

^
^,-.1'

'"-"'"--'
i"/

JiTS'-:

*^^'^^-.-,

"-^

,..

'*W
i^fi

'.-.

^-.''-'

^.

>

.m

-S

'->]

>*'

--^

'

.'

i-"!

'

l''

>

-^

..v-'

f-s

">
I:'

i
'

- J

-I"

>.--"

p'^t

I'

.#

: >

-.'

iLl

',i--^"
/

^.

'f'

^^^^^
L-

--iSiK^:

If
^

/;

' -->

*,

",

I-

-^o<J^'
^5^?*-

IC

^1

V'

A,

^^.

^V">

IS

'J

Y
J

..J^H^
'-^s

ijsx.^^:mh;
.'

!(.

;^^ J'-i

>i^

A.

'^^

IV *

::'

^
.

'flU^'

-.-

^^A--

1-^^r",
Jb
"-

tii
H

m
I

F^

.1^

:^'^K

hy'J

vv:

H
U-^

^/^

S'-

'^f

1;

rr

hr

\.
*>f:

\'

i-v-

h"

^^

<^'^--^

JH

r'-^

-'

.^-..--;t>;H-?*'_^',r,.
-:-l

>1.

"^

.'^-i'(

v^ '-y.

s^>

-'.

i'rt^

X.

*-"

^^.y^

9'

'

! .in'

V
.

pE'->;-^

J^-~t-..

-"'%--

".;^"-.r"^'''.'*^\

-^^

Vi

",,

'

"H

b-i

->

("1-^
-,

^: ik^

-<"*^-.

^/

>.

^'
f l:

\. '^

>-

'VT

thVO

CSfe: -i^

'tJ
'

p^^ ?ii

rV'u.<-

'-td

t'

x.

_^'

'^',

11

^P

;<'.>

^^^

"^^

^L^i^
X

;^.
-

\^

-Tia

.t.-

'1'

',

AA

L->

i'r-

-V^^^^

'^

frfl-d^^'i^J

'S--P,"

,.y-^

.-^

'^,

-t.

S.i

l:v

^^'^'^^

.^'

r'.

>.

:i
.

'i,"j

<

f'^
-

1|

.^^

fe

.*'

^J

;.?

'
.

-T.

{\

'

'\N

LV-

V'

t^

'>;

-1

-sf

^iWl^l^tf^,^'^

-"*'

'-r '.'!,
'*.
^

I-'

.r'
.

_ _ V.

::?

-*

'

^,(5i'

.-'-.

'*

>-'.,..-^>'^?

-l'

.-.,/,

^,

'I

-_>

c
J">,

^5

:.p^:

'

^'

V.

'-

ir

'*f^-r**'

.:i

^4

./

'V

*/

.^i

I^A

\-*^'

r^^>^.-

r^??

--;".'

..-"I

.^'^i

^>

iJr

rc

r*^

.-i>

'-

V
"-

-.;-

*-

Vf:
i;

^jj

.-"'-

'Of-

*v.^'vvii^.

^r.

w.

i:^-^"

--

,fl.

.f^-

'.
'-

^M

y-T"
.1?

V...

?Mr

^
i.\-}

.^

f'A

'T

if.'

'!^.?.'

^'i

.t-^.

V
,^'
ij-

:*^

'<

;s::->.^i|K

w?
-

^'-.'T^

I,;

V--.

X:.

^J

Ii--.

t^l

i:.-j
.-.

.'*

'

"-^

v-V;'^'^
*<'-

-'"1.,"^

t.

\i\:

\v

"-r-

-\

t:

f-.
^'

v^

: r.A

'''

:;.!

v..

';>r^

./

<.-'

.^.
J:? -

-'

"

''

y
\''^^^
,'ll'

bii^'*v-*'

'm-

X'

^^

''

-J'
i.

yv>

*:

ft"

'j^
b^rj.,

ri-

J-Ej

-l.*

CV..

TF

;-*;'

'"rfi.

^J
1

-''

iL

-*l.

>
i^Bi

.-^
^'-^.'-^'i^'-J
:.''

-fi
i*>l

-(i

"l

r *-- ^v>-.

1:

*-i

I!i
1

F-

/^

f>i
-

'"rih

It

"'-1

a/:;

- 'I

-^t

J'.

i^.^

.V-

/K

'

-^

>?

^1

'-^'
J.-l

JFP

^r
II
c

P^\

l^

kbi

,.

--.V';^*r*_
jr

cTi

L*X."-l*ft..

kti'fiyi^p.

J^

r-^

<^i

'
i

It

'

'

-S

'

^'
rft

*fc

1^

-^

ffV

-I

-r,

TsTT.^-

,<-

.V'

-!..

.-

4;

rlil

VW

/'

iW:;i.
^ ;

'*

'-:-f:-

-VV

^t

<^^
-.i.lr

ft'
L-

1,

ii.
rv-..

/i

.f

^J
,^H

V,'

.^:
'

-+

^'

'\

\-

1^

\^

^
**'

'

feI-'.

^s;^>^

>

i'i

'

y-'--.

I'jj

-'^''

fft V-'n

i^-*"

1'.-

,4,

!*

fe

L**^

sv,

V'

r^

-^W:

.J

-1

^^m=y

,J*^-

.>^

't^

fe:
'vl

Ms

L^-l

"^-^U--'

^-'y-

-L

-,'
JF

-IT*^'

**-v^^

J*"-.
-

Ml

>

yw*

,-".

'

^'MU

1'

"'"-^

.-I'-i

'^*r

-'i

54
'

'

*_

rJ

-1

'V-J
-if!'

>

/^1^.^'^>>

r*

Vt

S\

^^11

.^a

f^l

>^

H^>

-I

WPitcb, ad.et

Itli,

J.DiLcmal
Yiiicent Broolts Imp

I1DESA2

JKSMII

Fn\i

^ o

"

PLATE

DECAISNEA

X.

INSIGNIS,

BI.

et T.

Nat. Ord. LARDIZABALEiE.

Char. Gen.

subimbr

JPetala

masc. monadelpha, tubo

processum subulatum producto ; in hermapliroditis parva,

disciformi obliqua.

indefinita

Prutex

Decaisnea

insignis, ///. et T.

; foliis

antlieris parvis, filamentis liberis

brevibus

Ovula numerosa, placentis 2 filiformibus sutura ventrali approximatis inserta

FoUictdi pulpa repleti

nitida

draceo, antheris oblon

definita, biserialia, horizontalia, obovata,

erectus, suhsimpkcV

foliis

compressa ;

testa

imparl

patentibus impari-pinnatis, petiolo basi articulate,

foliolis

ppositis

lanceolatis acuminatis subtus glaucis, floribus polygamo-dioicis racemosis, sepalis

linca]

nosis cylindricis recurvis. 7ioo/^.//. et Thorns, in Linn. Soc. Proc. 1854, et in

Flora Ind\

Hab. In Himalaya

orieiitali interiore,

The genus Decaisnea

it

is

rcgione tempcrata

Sikkim

et

Bhot

and

it differs

in other

all

and more important characters from

the other
alii

its

known

Lachen and Lachoong

ascends to nearly 10,000.

the

fruit,

colour,

Its

valleys,

at elevations

It inhabits

full of

the Lepchas,

who

a white juicy pulp, that

call

wooded

valley

I gathered

it first

and afterwards at Chola, where

it

green flowers appear in May, and are scarcely visible amongst the leaves

on the other hand, which ripens in October,

and

of 7-8000 feet

for

species are climbing

the central regions of the Himalaya, and has not hitherto been found near Dorjiling.
in the

Mai. ; fr. Oct

on many accounts one of the most remarkable in the Himalaya mountains,

belongs to a very limited and peculiar Natural Order, of which

plants,

FL

pcd.

is

is

very conspicuous and handsome, of

very sAveet and pleasant

the plant " Nomorchi," and

it is

the "

Loodooma"

pale yell

gerly sought after by

its fruit

of the natives of

Dr. Grifiith was the discoverer of this plant, which he called Slacl

his

Bhotan

manuscript journals

(Itinerary Notes, p. 187), after an eminent microscopical observer; but before his death he
transferred that

name

to a genus of Palms.

Dr. Thomson and I have dedicated

it

to our friend Professor Decaisne, of Paris

one of the most learned botanists of the present day, and the author of a monograph of the natural
family to

which

this plant belongs,

which

is

a model of sagacity in botanical investigation

of cultivation in England, for the sake of the fruit alone

it

Decaisnea

is

well worthy

would require protection from the spring

frosts

but wiU no doubt prove otherwise hardy.

Many

of the botanical peculiarities of Decaisnea are extremely

J

habit,

and the pinnated leaves jointed

The pith

is

ceous plant.

ovules, instead of

Himalayan genus EollhdlUa,

especially the erect

at the base of each pair of leaflets,

very large, in which respect, as in habit and general appearance,

The

Such
as in
it

the pinnate Berberries.

much

resembles an Aralia-

growing from the surface of the cavity of the ovary, as in the

are confined to two placentse near the ventral suture,

allied

and instead of being

orthotropous and imbedded in cavities of the fleshy ovary, they are superficial and
anatropous.

As

the

:
.

fruit ripens, a dense, firm, transparent pulp

with vessels from the

pel

with them, and a cavity

The
"Wall.

fruit of

it is

an

is

this

is

developed from

pulp closely invests the seeds, but does not form

and abundant Himalayan plant

is

Fig.

1.

Sepal.

it is

known

Stamens of

Seed with the

Carpel
13. T]

magnified.
testa

EollhdlUa latifoUa,

in English gardens under the

forests

hermaph

hermaphrodite flower
12. Ovules

supplied

name

not nearly so palatable a fruit as that of Decaisnea, being mealy and insipid.

Diminished sketch of Decaisnea removed from the dense

4.

fruit,

organic adhesion

also eaten in Sikkim, the

the " Kole-pot" of the Lepchas, and has been long

;

the inner surface of the

also left in the axis of the carpel

allied

of Stauntonia latifolia

all

removed.

in

which

Pollen.

of carpel
section of ripe carpel,

ransverse section of carpel

natural

17. Longitudinal section of albumen.

7.

Flowers
g
Stamens and

18.

Seeds, natural size.

size.

Embryo

11,

all magnified.

r-

>

'

T-/-T

"1

^hiVyV .ritCTi

Q&4., et-jilTi

/ii'-ctint.

VP

i-KT^
I

ILJi

r^s

XX

^r\i

U-F

i
^y^

05
s^

^7

I^

^-ro
A'''

^.

T^-.-

ihx^m.

'I

Br^oJis

Imp.

PLATE

XT.

DUABANGA SONNERATIOIDES,

iiam

Nat. Ord. Lythrarie^.

Arbor

elata,

ramis horizontalibus

subsessilibus patcntibus

verticillatis,

ramulis tetragonis petiolos

communes

oblonds acuminatis b

Mis

oppositis disticliis

subtus glaucescentibus

axiUaribus terminalibusque, pedunculis teretibus,

petalis obovatis unguiculatis

mentientibiis.

paniculis

floribus amplis albis, calyce crasso 6-fido segmcntis

6 acutis,.

undulat

subulatis, anthcris curvis lineari-oblongis, styl

lobato, capsula rotundata 6-8-valvi.

DuABANGA

somieratioides,

Hamilt

Commentary on

Lagerstroemia grandiflora, Boxh. Hort. Benn.

Nat. Gen. ser. 3. z;. 2. . 84, Brock

Hab. In

sjlvis tropicis

Tenasserim.

A very
The trunk

ad basin Himalayse

orientalis

n.

the

'

Ilortus Malabaricus' in Linn. Soc. Trans,

38. Floi

et

Be

Candolle,

Mem

MSS.

ospartium, Griff.

provinciamm Bliotan

503

v. 2. j.

Sikkim

in

montibus

Fl. Aprili.

remarkable plant, forming, from

its

peculiarity of habit, a singular feature in

erect, forty to eighty feet high, undivided,

or

is

Indica,

22. p. 111.

v.

limbs spread drooping from the trunk: these

its

native forests.

sometimes forking from the base, and the lower

long, slender, sparingly branched,

and the branches are

-^

four-angled, loosely covered with large spreading

leaves.

Owing

to the leaves beinff arransfed in

two ranks

the slender branches resemble petioles, bearing

pimije of a compound leaf; the leaves

further often

recurved, and are deep green above, and ahnost

white beneath.

in April,

exhale a rank fetid odour, something like

asafoetida,

The stamens

petals drop.

are

when they

aU bent inwards in bud.

The

The large blossoms expand

first burst,

and

but become inodorous before the

fruit is as large as a

smaU

apple,

and

is

well

described both by Hamilton and Eoxburgh.

Buahanga was

first

made known by Dr. Eoxburgh, who procured

plants of

it

from Chittagong

Botanic Garden at Calcutta, and prepared an exceUent

description, published after his death, in the
Indica;'

it

has also been fully described by Hamilton in his

for the
'

Elora

Commentary on the 'Hortus Malabaricus,'

in

the seventeenth volume of the Linnsea

Transactions.

will require stove heat in this country during

the

should be kept

Plate

XL

much

drier.

Fig. 1. Petal.

stamens

removed

2.

The wood

Stamen.

3.

Transverse

is

summer

valueless, white,

Pollen
section

The

Flower
of ovary.

and

li

tree

called

"Door" by

the Lepchas, and

in the winter, and previous to flowering,

it

soft

portions of

Young

fruit.

calyx, the petals,

Half-ripe

seed:

and most of the

all

more or

less

rv

~-r
r^

11
v

($

10

,9

11

ii

16

13
Ik-

i'

Jilx>. del. et litli

J 13 .K

15

"ISncent Brooks

aiial

UJ (CTDfJB

TT

IL

TT

Iirrp,

>

PLATE

XII.

AUCUBA HIMALAICA,

///. et T.

Nat. Ord. CoRNEiE.

9

Frutex 5-7-pedalis, ramis ramulisque teretibus ultimis appresse pubescentibus,

V,

densis Himalayse orientalis temperatse

The only

hitlierto

described species of

plant alone

the latter

cultivated, the

is

we

Sikkim,

Aucula

alt.

is

ped.

Fl.

Mai

the well-known A. Ja^onica of our gardens,

many

for

years

having been introduced into this country

male

are indebted to Siebold and Zuccarini,

'

limbo

bacca oblong

wMcli has been in cultivation in Europe

igated-leaved variety of

all

pilosis, calycis

subintegerrimis, junioribus appresse sericeis, paniculse ramis ramulisque

petalis ovatis subciliatis longe acuminatis, filamentis brevibus,

In

lanceolatis long

foliis

tlie

of this the female

"For

an account of

Elora of Japan,' where both sexes are well figured.

important characters the Japan and Himalayan plants resemble one another very closely indeed, the

only difiPerences which I have been able to detect, and which I doubtfully regard as constant, being that
the Himalayan species has considerably longer and narrower leaves, with longer narrower points, and long

acuminate points to the

petals.

These characters, together with the immense geographical distance between

F

the native localities of the two, have induced Dr.

It

must not be overlooked, however, that these

Thomson and myself

to consider the present as distinct.

differences are only of degree

for

though the acuminate points

J

of the petals

may be

considered of more importance than the similar character of the leaves, these differences

are analogous in each organ

and the

to be repeated in the latter.

It

is

petals being modified leaves, a character of the former

is

often found

very possible that this Aucuba extends to the northward and eastward

in Central Asia, along the lofty chain of

snowy humid mountains which bound China on the west

and that

specimens from the countries which are intermediate between Japan and Sikkim would be found to unite
L

the characters of both species, and prove

The Aucuba Himalaica

is

them

one of the

to be varieties of one.

many

of botanical affinity

striking

between the temperate

flora of the

Himalaya, and especially of the Eastern Himalaya, and China and Japan, and which

afiinity is

not shared by the flora of Europe

Helwingia, 8tachyunis

of this

other instances are EnUanthus,

Camellia^ Beutzia,

besides Panax^ Hydrangea, Biclytra, Kadsura, Hollhollia, Magnolia, Sassafras,

Trillmm, which eight latter are also

common

to

North America.

"Western Himalaya, few of them reaching Kashmir

shrubs, not natives of China, Japan,

which advance so

SMmmia,

far east as Sikkim.

and

AIL these genera become scarce in the

whereas, on the other hand,

many European

trees

and

and North America, are abundant in the Western Himalaya, few of

Tlie

Himalayan Jucuha

ranges of Sikkim, so

humid

delights in very

XII. Fig.
calyj

tliat

1.

Male

inliabits elevations of

it

spots,

where Mosses and Lichens hang from

flowers.

Seed with

fruit

Embrvo

-:'

16

feet,

its

but

would probably require protection from

2.

Petal.

3.

Flower with petals removed.

7.

7000-10,000

funiculus, etc.

Albumen

Stamen
8.

Anther.

Vertical section of

its

5.

tlie

only found on the outer wetter

spring frosts of England

It

branches

Pollen.

6.

Pcmale

Ovules.

9,

13. Transverse section of seed

all IdgJily magnified.

is

14

flower.

6.

Hair from

11. Vertical section of

gitudinal

section

of

-,aic

^\WW^

VPitoh

deL-etlith

l/^ncsTit

Al

f?,F
lOJ

Z-A

^\.:_-

77^ yr IT

J?

UaoH

a^
(So=.

F1

Srooks

Tirrp

PLATE

XIII.

BEGONIA CATHCARTII

H.f, et T,

Nat. Ord. Begoniace^.

Caulescens

pedalis, monoica, caulibus petiolis pedunculisque

squamis ovatis acmninatis

reflexis paleaceis, stipulis

obloneris eroso-dentatis reflexis, foliis alternis petiolatis oblique ovato-oblongis acuminatis basi profundi

sequaliter bilobo-cordatis grosse insequaliter serratis lobulis serrulatis supra glaberrimis paleaceis
vel nudis lucidis

subtus secus costam nervosque primarios squamosis, pedunculis axillaribus unifloris supra

medium

bibracteolatis,

bracteolis ovatis concavis, floribus amplis albis superioribus masculis, perianthii segmentis ovatis
obtusis exterioribus

dorso subsquamosis,

staminibus

perp

densis

bicruribus, ovario

3-alato

2-loculari

paleaceo

placentis dissepiment adnatis lobulatis

Hab. In

sylvis densis

Himalayse orientalis temperatae

This noble species

seldom of so great a
stature,

is

uncommon

not

size as

in

Sikkim

ped.

Fl. temp, pi

woods near Dorjiling, but I

the specimen represented in the Plate.

becoming very dwarf and diminutive in

liave never seen it abundantly,

Like

its

dry

all its parts

congeners,

soil

it

and

varies extremely

and exposed

situation

It

appears to belong to Flaty centrum of Klotzsch, according to that author's definition of the genera into which

he divides Begonia.

Most of the Himalayan Begonias, of which there

are about a dozen

known

species, are confined to the

eastern parts of that mountain range, and are not abundant anywhere to the westward
of Sikkim, where
eight or ten species are fomid.

In the Khasia mountains they are extremely abundant.

are eaten cooked, being pleasantly acid

and such are made into a sauce

for pork,

The stems of many

and other greasy meats, by

the native inhabitants of Sikkim.

Begonia
tion.

CatJicartii

would no doubt succeed well in a

Witli the exception of

Plate XIII. m.

2, 3.

tlie

Stamens.

Mowing

4. Pollen.

cool,

{B. gemmipara),

Ovary and

stig

'iu

it is

damp

Fern-liouse,

and prove a great

acquisi-

the most hardy of the Sikkim species.

Transverse section of ovary

magnified.

.1

latx

W.FitAdd.etlitli.

lucent

2^
'-

4^-^

fo

Iji- ookf.

Inip

PLATE XIY

BEGONIA GEMMIPARA,

H.f. et T.

Nat. Ord. Begoniace^.

Caulescens, ^ioica, glaberrima, radice tuberosa, caule simplici, stipulis brevibus oblongis obtusis,

foliis

petiolatis ovatis tri-

angulari-ovatis oblongisve varie insequaliter palmatilobis subintegrisvc pagina supcriore interdum subpilosa basi
*

cordato-bilobis, lobis acutis grosse irregulariter serratis nervis primariis palmatis, stipulis ad axillas gemmiferis.
^

medium

pedunculis axillaribus brevibus 1-2-floris supra

bibracteatis, bracteis amplis orbiculatis concavis, perianthii

segmentis orbiculatis obtusis concavis, filamentis brevibus basi in columnam brevem coadunatis, antheris obovatis

supcrne in cornua erecta obtusa

truncatis, ovario 3-loculari 3-alato alis

placentis

dilatatis,

alte

bifidis,

stylis

obcuneatis, stigmatibus truncatis bilobisve,

Hab. In

sylvis densis

Himalayae

orientalis temperatae

Sikkim,

alt.

FL tempore

7-10,000 ped.

pluvioso.

't

"-.ii

1.

very singular species, without mucli beauty to recommend

it,

but remarkable for the development

of bodies in the axils of the leaves of both the male and female individuals, which are quite unlike any

other organs of the plant, and whose exact nature I

autumn

Dorjiling, in the

of 1848, but

it

am

when

the

much

common B.

first

found the species near

when I had

to leave that station for the interior.

travelling in the interior of Sikkim, in August, 1849,

of Eir-trees [Abies SmitJiiana and Brunoniana), in the

specimens were

appeared to be rare, and some observations which I had begun upon

the functions of the axiUary bodies were left unfinished

again found the same plant

unable to discover.

Lachoong

8-9000

valley, at

growing

na.
argyrostigma.

at the foot

but the

feet elevation,

smaller than the Dorjiling ones, and the leaves covered with silver spots,

Kke those of

In almost every individual a clavate, truncate, or wedge-shaped body grew

t-

close to the petiole of one or

more of the

from the

leaves, or rather

axil of

one of the stipules

it

consisted of

a quadrate, club-shaped, fleshy mass, surrounded with imbricating orbicular bracts, and was divided at the top
r

into four, eight, or twelve cup-shaped compartments," with

much

In these were seated a variable

regularity.

number

(but generally four, or a multiple of four) of oblong, green, fleshy, terete bodies, or gemmules, with

narrowed tapering

pedicels,

sunk into a common receptacle

each had two bracteolse at

its

base,

and a few

minute terminal

scales at the very apex.

I examined very

contents beyond cellular tissue, full of chlorophyll grains

is

a transverse section of one

(fig.

many

of

them

microscopically, but found no

amongst Mr. Cathcart's drawings, however, there

9 of the accompanying Plate) with

five enclosed cavities or bodies.

In the very many specimens that I examined, I found no material deviation from the above type of
structure,

and none

at all that suggested

any explanation of

axiUary to the stipule and not to the petiole,

is

curious, as

their nature or origin.

is

Their position, being

their being equally prevalent in the

male

and female

individuals,

in those from the

much

and both in the large succulent specimens from the damp climate of Dorjiling, and
drier

and more alpine woods of Lachoong, in the

dency to a quaternary arrangement of the parts

is

also curious,

interior of the province.

their being

and suggests

The

ten-

more analogous

to

the male flower (which

is

always tetramerous) than to the female.

The two
)

"^

bracteolse at the base of each

of

tlie

contained ovoid bodies would furtter suggest the reference of these to modified flowers, and the scales

at their

summit

to their being imperfect inferior ovaria, with undeveloped perianth

and stigmata

only ofPer these observations as rude analogies, nor, until their functions are discovered,

much

light

wiU be thrown on

when

very early stage,

their relationship to other parts of the plant.

is it

but I can

probable that

I traced their growth from a

the scales closed over the ovoid bodies, but at no period did I discover any point

Amongst the

of structure that explained their origin or nature.

with the female flowers monstrous

no

these have

inferior ovary,

some

dried specimens I have found

but two stigmata, which are dilated and

>

excavated at the base, and bear numerous cellular

scattered over the surface of the concavity,

resembling imperfect and very deformed ovules

papilla?,

and attached to

its

margins.

The

petals are also sometimes de*

formed, and bear similar papiUse on their inner faces.

These malformations appear to exhibit a tendency in

the perianth to become inferior, or rather in the flowers to develop superior ovaria

but the membranous

nature of the parts prevents their being satisfactorily analysed in specimens that have been dried.

The Begonia have probably a great tendency

Munich

see also

which develops thousands of

and

Hook. Journ. Bot.

leaflets

on

its

iv.

is

viviparous, as
(in

is

the case with

many

other

the Transactions of the Eoyal Bavarian

206) a species under the name of B. ^liyllomaniaca,

stem and branches, and these, on being planted, become new

This fact, however, seems analogous to the

individuals.
plants,

become

Thus Yon Martins describes

plants of very succulent tissues.

Society of

to

weU-known property

of a totally different nature from that presented

of BryopTiylUim

and other

by B. gemmipara.
r

The Begonia gemmipara cannot be

duce

it

an ornamental plant; I have nevertheless ventured to intro-

of the most curious

into this work, as beiner

Ci

collection of drawings

called

and in point of

interest

and anomalous that I met with in Mr. Cathcart

and novelty

it is

well deserving the attention of every

lover of plants.

Plate XIV. Kg.

1.

Male flower

Gemmule from

Stamens.

the axiUary bodies.

of ditto, from Mr. Cathcart

3.

Female flower

Ovary and

7. Vertical section of ditto

magnijied.

styl

Transverse section of ovary

Very immatm'e

ditto

Transverse

^
'

Plate

. Pitcti

del

et litk

Viiicen.t 61001:3

MSIUM

=r^

?\

c^

V7"

'

:^

.Oii.

ol^

rn
o

Imp


PLATE XY.

A.
r

VACCINIUM SALIGNUM,

///. et T.

Nat. Ord. VACCiNiACEiE.

Epiphyticum, glaberrimum, sempervirens, ramis teretibus

foliosis, foliis

undiquc

inscrtis breviter pctiolatis

anguste

lanccolatis longe acuminatis basi angustatis integcrrimis coriaceis subtus glaucesccntibus costa prominiila

bus

sicco subrecurvis, racemis pendulis axillaribus et e ramis ortis,

pcdunculo

floro

gracilibus superne sensim incrassatis, calycis tubo urccolato obscure pentagono lobis brevibus subulatis, corolla

tubuloso-campanulata elongata 5-gona angulis subincrassatis breviter 5-loba lobis ovatis acuminatis recurvis,
mentis brevibus

Hab. In

dilatatis apice pubescentibus, antheris

sylvis densis temperatis et subtropicis

The genus Vaccinkm, wbicb

is

Himalaya

fila-

long

Bhotan,

orientalis

alt.

4-7000

ped.

Fl. Aprili

mostly represented in nortbern climates by deciduous-leaved shrubs

with small flowers, assumes a very different habit and appearance in the tropical momitains of both the Old

and

New

World.

In the lower eastern Himalaya, Malay Peninsula, Java, and other of the Malayan

especially, there is

an extensive sectionto which the two

be recognized as having much

afiinity

species here figured

with the Whortleberry of our moors.

belongwhich could hardly

They

are

all

epiphytical

shrubs, having the lower part of the stem often swelling out into a prostrate
trunk, as thick as the

arm

or leg,

grows.

and sending out branching

These trunks are

soft

fibrous roots that attach

and spongy

internally,

and are

it

islands,

to the limb of the tree

reservoirs of moisture

human

upon which

and nutriment

it

they

send out a few slender, generally pendulous branches, which bear often gorgeous
flowers.
Botanists have endeavoured to separate these generically from the
northern species of the g
but the characters by which the extreme forms have been distinguished
are found to be prevalent in such
different degrees in the various species, that they

the Indian species in his

'

Icones Plantarum Indise OrientaHs.'

very different view of the

genera (Linngea,

from

its affinity

It

is

^lue

with V. odontocemm, Wight,

it

strictly agree

will probably

though the Vaccinia of

fact, that

Dr. Klotzsch, of Eerlin, however, takes a

of these characters, and has distributed the Indian

The present does not

vol. xxiv.).

a singular

have been abandoned by Dr. Wight, who has worked up

Vaccinia under five

with his characters of any of these, but

be referred to Caligula.

this habit

and character are

so very prevalent

from

Nipal westward to the mountains of Bhotan and Khasia, and thence southward
along those of the Malayan
Peninsula to Java, they are

whoUy unknown

of the terrestrial shrubby species grow.

by the natives of Sikkim.

XV. A.

Fig. 1. Pedicel,
4.

It

in the peninsula of India,

The

leaves of the present species are used as a substitute for tea

was discovered in Bhotan by Dr.

calyx,

and

style.

Tissue of tube of anther.

5.

and in Ceylon, where, however, some

2.

Stamen.

3.

Griffith.

Tissue of the

Transverse section of ovary.

6.

cell

of the anther, with pollen-grains

Ovule

all magnified.

PLATE XY.
1

B.

VACCINIUM SERF ENS,

mght

Nat. Ord. VAcciNiACEiE.

Epiphyticum, dependens, sempervirens, totum

foliis

exceptis glanduloso-hispidum, ramis gracilibus,

subdistichis brevissime petiolatis ovatis acuminatis basi rotundatis supra

medium

serratis apice

berrimis convexis coriaceis enerviis costa obscura, floribus solitariis axillaribus pendulis, pedicellis
infra

medium

bibracteolatis, calycis

parvis patulis

foliis

ipidat
foliis

longioribus

tubo 5-alato lobis brevibus obtusis, corolla tubulosa pubescente subventricosa

obscure 5-gona fauce contracta lobis brevibus recurvis, staminibus fere ut in F. saligno.

Vaccinium

serpens, Wiglit, Ic. Plant. Ind. Or.

Pentapterygium
Hab. In

serpens, Klotzsch in Linncea,

sylvis tropicis et temperatis

Tbis

is

t.

1183.

v. 24<.jp.

47.

Himalayae orientalis: Bhotan

et

7000 ped.

Sikkim

(Fl. Aprili,

one of tbe most beautiful species of tbe splendid section of Vaccinium to wbicb

was discovered by

Griffitb in

it

Maio

belongs.

Bbotan, and found abundantly in Sikkim by Dr. Tbomson and myself, inbabit

ing tbe limbs of lofty trees at various elevations between 3000 and 7000 feet elevation.

It

is

one of the

peculiarity
a
Himalaya,
temperate
zones
of
the
and
tropical
tbe
bott
inbabit
tbat
plants
very few
is

It

no doubt partly accounted for by tbe fact of tbe bumid regions

it affects

wliicli

being singularly equable in

temperature.
Botli

tMs and

tlie

of
pieces
or
rockwork
conservatories,
on
in
our
succeed
doubt
no
would
salignum
V.

wood, for both occasionally grow on tbe ground in rocky places in tbe Himalaya.

Plate XV. B.

Fig. 1.

Portion of stem and

men

Pedicel, calyx,

and

section of ovary

style

Glandular bairs of pedicel

Sta-

ijied.

Plate

N-

V\r.Tilxh.

ad. et

ViricerLC

Iith.

IE.A(nX Aj\

\7m
9

oilo

(CdDBdl)

Llv.

HCA

ii.

(C

oIMIFIL

ATi

2-

.c

iFo

Brooks

&T

lin

PLATE XYI.

A,
J

CODONOPSIS (LEPTOCODON) GRACILIS,

ii.f.

Nat. Ord. Campanulace^e.

Ilerba gracillima volubilis glauca glaberrima tenella,

lobatis flaccidis, pedicellis

gracilibus

plerumque

medium

obtusis, corolla tubulosa supra

extra-alaribus, caljcis tubo obconico, lobis obovatis subdcntatis

ampliata limbo truncato obscure 5-lobo, ovario semisupcro glandulis 5

staminibus alternantibus
trilobo extus

longe petiolatis ovatis ovato-rotimdatisve obtusis grosse crenato-

foliis

paucis dissepimentis adnatis axi remotis, stylo

g

hispido, fructu inferne coriaceo supra calycem sicco

subchartaceo trivalvi in

conum acuminatum

producto, seminibus anguste oblongis, testa nitida.

IIab. In sylvis humidis temperatis Himalayae orientalis

Sikkim,

Nothing can exceed the beauty and delicacy of

alt.

5-7000

this little plant,

M.

ped.

which

Maio.

is

of rare occurrence in Silikim,

inhabiting watercourses in very dense shaded woods, and covering bushes with

branous foliage and pale blue flowers.

liar

strong and very disagreeable odour

Like

when

congeners,

all its

bruised,

This and the two other species figured with

it,

much

it is fall

its

pale, translucent,

of milky juice, and exhales a pecu-

Eue

like that of the

in character.

are very singular plants, all so closely allied in

important botanical characters that I do not doubt their belonging to one genus, but

important differences in structural characters that

many

mem-

all presentino-

botanists will doubtless separate them.

many
such

Thus the

present species has flowers that seldom arise from the axils of the leaves, their pedicels being adnate
with

the stem above them

corolla,

a half-inferior ovary, with five stipitate glands between the stamens

with a tubular base, dilated throat, and slightly expanded truncated limb

few ovules attached to the dissepiments, but removed from the

below the calyx, coriaceous below

it,

axis.

The

membranous

a three-celled ovary, with

fruit is conical,

dry rather horny and three-valved above

it,

both above and

and the seeds have a

To

polished testa.

shaped

this the subgeneric

name

of Leptocodon

may

be applied, in allusion to the narrow bell-

corolla.
i

In the

C.

Javanica the calyx

is

wholly

and the

inferior,

broadly campanulate, with five spreading lobes

corolla superior

the corolla

the ovary has no stipitate glands,

is

is

herbaceous, very

three- to five-celled,

with fleshy axillary placentae projecting into each

cated, indehiscent berry,

cell,

and covered with ovules

and the seeds are covered with a reticulated

testa.

the fruit

is

a pulpy, trun-

This belongs to the genus

Campanumcea of Blume.
In the

C. inflata the calyx is

stipitate glands

the fruit

is

wholly superior

name

the corolla ventricose and herbaceous

the ovary has no

a fleshy berry, with three horny valves at the summit, as in C. gracilis, but the

placentation and seeds are as in C. Javanica.

subgeneric

name Eucodonopsis may be

of Codonopsis originally.

To the

retained, as

it

species with flowers constructed

was

to these especially that Dr.

upon

this type the

Wallich applied the

AU

tlie

above species agree in their twining

liabit,

milky

juice, strong

odour wlien bruised, flower-stalks

inserted opposite

petioles or

tlie

liar ramification of

above tkem, the structure of the

styles, stigmata,

the young leaf-bearing T)ranches, which often resemble

compound

however, other species of the genus which unite the above characters more or
cations of

of

them

them that

it is

impossible to separate

generically

less, or

To

superior.

a subgeneric name.

these the

A fourth

removed

far

leaves.

There

which

are,

present such modifi-

and two

of these several are erect plants,

tropical, the G. truncata, Wall., aiid G. parviflora, "Wall., the latter of

Gelebica of Blume, and has the calyx often

is still

them

stamens, and in the pecu-

is

the Gamjianumma

below the ovary on the pedicel, whilst the corolla

name Gyclocodon has been

applied

by

Griffith,

subgenus, Glossocomia, includes aU the other

and

known

it

may be

species,

retained as

which

consist

of erect alpine plants with terminal floAvers, resembling those of Eucodonopsis in all essential points.

The genus

or group Codonopsis, as thus restricted, consists of about fourteen species, inhabiting central

and south-eastern Asia, from Soongaria and Afghanistan, the Himalaya, and Tibet, in the extreme northwest, to Ehotan, the

Java
if,

as

It
is

is

unknown

Khasia Mountains, and Malayan Peninsula, and two of them being

in the peninsula of India

One

and Ceyl

probable, the Platycodon grandiflomm, Alph.

DC,

is

species

referable to

is

its

found at

all elevations,

from 3000 to 10,000

feet,

found in

perhaps Dahurean and Chinese

it.

comparatively narrow range in geographical area and wide

able for

also

The genus

is

farther

remark

altitude; for species are

and in aU clunates, from very wet to very dry

..^vy^.

Plate XVI. A.

Pig. 1. Flower with the corolla

4. Pollen-grains.
9.

Embryo

5.

and stamens removed.

Transverse section of ovary.

all magnified.

6.

Ripe

fruit.

2.

Stigma.

7.

Seed.

3. Pollen-collectors
8. Vertical

and pollen

section of ripe fruit

PLATE XVI.

CODONOPSIS (CAMPANUMCEA) JAVANICA,

Nat. Ord.

Herba

h/.

et t.

Campanulace^.

volubilis glaberrima, foliis oppositis et alternis ovato-cordatis acutis crenatis, pedunculis axillaribus et lateralibus
floris,

calyce infero

lobo lobis lineari-oblongis patentibus, corolla supera late campanulata limbo 5-lobo

patente, bacca supera subglobosa angulata

placentis crassis axillarib

adnatis, seminibus oblongis testa reticulata

Campanumcea
Hab. In

Javanica,

fruticetis

alt.

Bhme,

Bijdr. p,

276; JlpL DC. Mon. Camp. p. 118; DC. Prodr.

Himalayae orientalis temperatae

ped., et in Java.

FL tempore

et subtrop

Sikkim

ped.

v. 8.

p. 423.

necnon in montibus Khasiae

pi
#

*
r

very elegant climber, remarkable for

its

specimens being identical witb tbe Sikkim ones.

wide range in geographical distribution, the Javanese

The

leaves are very variable in shape, especially at the

cordate base, the lobes of which have a narrow or broad sinus.

.1

Plate

XVL

B. Fig.

1.

Mower

with a portion of the calyx and corolla removed

of a five-celled

and

4, of a three-celled

Nearly ripe

fruit

Seed \all maanified.

Transverse

PLATE XVI.

C.

INFLATA,
(EUCODONOPSIS)
CODONOPSIS
Nat. Ord.

Herba

volubilis glaberrima, foliis

alternis

Jycis tubo acute 10-gono limbo

Campanulace^

pedunculis oppositifoliis

cordatis

supero, corolla

R.f. et t.

subampuUacea 5-loba

lobis breviusculis, bacca

1-floris,

reticulatis.
seminibus
dehiscente,
cbartaceis
incompletis
apice truncata apice valvis 3

Hab. In

sylvis temperatis

Sikkim,

Himalay:

alt.

ped.

This in habit closely resembles the C. Javanica, but

suited to

it is easily

the summer, which

obtained in any greenhouse where

is its

is

Fl.

tempore pi

a very different plant

sufficient

Uke

heat and moisture

it,

the temperature

may be

preserved in

flowering season.

Plate

XVL

C. Pig. 1.

Plower with part of the calyx and corolla removed.

Seed

2.

Transverse section of ovary

Pruit

magnified.

Plate

W':hiai ia

ri.

"Viriceiit

th

YMAIfTMlD

T7

<

rp

f'^

4Xs

!71

JJ.

J
(

Broots

fmp

PLATE

XVII.

iESCHYNANTHES
Nat. Ord.

Epiphyt

PEELII,

H.f. et T.

Cyrtandrace^.

pedalis, parcc ramosa, glaberrima, caulibus teretibus basi lignosis, foliis petiolatis

ge acuminatis integerrimis basi rotimdatis obtusisve

coriaceis,

pedunculis terminalibus elongatis apice bifloris

bibracteatis, bracteis amplis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis, floribus pedicellatis, calycis profunde 4-.partit

oblongis obtusis corolla ter brevioribus.

Hab. In

sylvis temperatis

Himalayse

Sikkim

ped.

Fl.

tempore pi

This splendid species inhabits a greater elevation and cooler climate than any other

known

to

me

It

used to grow on the lofty trees of the JiUapahar, behind Dorjiling, before the forests were so thinned
that
the situation became too exposed for

known, the peduncles,

glossy green above,

but bears

many

It

it.

pedicels, bracts,

is

same time one of the most

and flowers being of the same vivid red

A very

and pale beneath.

at the

flowers in each pair of bracts,

brilliantly coloured species

colour,

similar plant inhabits lower levels

and has long

narrower leaves

and the leaves a deep

on the Khasia mountains

it

may, however, be only

variety of this.

"v>

^^jsj^jyj-^^-^J-^j/^^-Kj'-

Plate

XVIL

Fig.

Corolla laid open.

2.

Pistil

3.

Transverse

all {Jjutjig. 4) magnified.

<^\j

'^ \j

vj *J

'^^-J

of ovary

Capsules

Seeds

I.

cM\l^-

^litGii ai.diiyi.

l^ncent

VT-

LU

EI A

Brooks

Tt-rjm~j.

J^

PLATE

XVIII.

BUDDLEIA COLVILET

s.f. et t.

Nat. Ord.

Prutex

V.

Scrophularine^

arbuscula erecta 10-pedalis ramosa, ramis teretibus, ramulis subangulatis, ultimis paniculis foliisque junioribus
V*'

pubescenti-tomentosis,

foliis

breve petiolatis lanceolatis acuminatis obscure crenato-serratis, paniculis terminalibus

axillaribus et supra-axillaribus pendulis multifloris, bracteolis

ad basin pedicellorum subulatis, floribus breve pedi-

subternis coccineis, calyce bemispliserico breviter 4-dentato tomentoso, corolla calyce

cellatis

4-5 -plo longiore tubu-

loso-campanulata, tubo cylindraceo, limbo 4-fido lobis amplis patentibus rotundatis eroso-dentatis, capsulis erectis
ovato-oblongis acuminatis tomentosis calyce duplo vel triplo longioribus, seminibus testa laxa reticulata 3-alata.

Hab. In

sylvis temperatis

Himalayse

orientalis

Sikkim,

alt.

9-12,000 ped.

FL

This

is

very unlike any other Asiatic species of Buddleia in

it

more

closely resembles

and form of

flower, colour,

being almost without exception tropical or subtropical plants

locality it inhabits, its congeners

respects

its size

some of the

species of tlie

Andes, but

it

and the

in several

bas no rival anywbere for beauty

and graceful

It

babit.

abundant towards tbe summit of Tonglo, from 9000

is

feet to tbe top (10,000),

and

is also frequent in tbe

Lacben and Lacboong

valleys at similar elevations

Tbis will probably prove perfectly bardy, as I bave found

and from tbe abundance of

tion to our gardens.

its

flowers

and

its

lasting

it

in very exposed places as well as in

some weeks in bloom,

Tbe Plate was made from a sketcb of

my

even ascending to 12,000

it

feet.

woods

would be a most desirable addi-

own.

Plate XVIII.

Tig. 1. Corolla cut open.

section of ovary.

with

its

coat

7.

Ovule.

removed from the

8.

2.

Stamens.

3. Pollen.

Seeds, natural size.

testa.

12. Vertical

9.

4. Calyx, ovary,

Seed.

and

style.

5.

Ovary.

10. Longitudinal section of seed.

yo

6.

Transverse

II.

Albumen,

all but Jiff, 8 magnified.

->

'

'

"

'

"

''

'

'

'

'

"\

Piaie
:

i.1
r-

.ify,rp.'

K"^

'V

.-''

'*.'

".

^'

r.y

-i

- b

-7'-

,/

--''
-

'*'.

mi

-^s**'''"^--*^

'V.

'^

ii'f;f,'"

iS'^,.

i-

-!'-:

'-/r.

iv.

'>V
-J
"1,

"i)i/V,j..s-^>\

*tol
-'I

('>

'

^.'.

-I.

*-h.

:---v-.

,*,.

i-

Vi'^^^^

.*3^

J-

'A

'r

-TJ/

.^^n*

-.^.,
'i-

s>

-.

\^

\*H

ij<

r^*..ti^fUi,,

>

'

pAithihkwm

-M

J.-.
t'l

LA"4r<
-rt

Jj

i-'

'^

.:
'*

- *^*hh- s-f ***ef>ft( w**i^iit^

--^

.*''

.f

'

'1

',
L

'--,

-r\m

s.

''-

1?g

'

'-*'-., .^'

-x

'!

>:'
I'rf

,!*'*'" -J*

^)^-^v.^%^
-VI

..v.*"^'

.^

.:SV

7'^M

*^.*

7^^.

iJ:SfN.

>

t
I

rf.
l>>v

^i'^

.^,

i'^^i
'^,-

-^>

^rf>.-i4>

//

Jit

?::

%.
' .'(
^^':^^
K-tA
.v<'
^T--.
,w

^m

''

.-

J.

^v

r?

>-.

'1,

4#^^^-

vT

4t

'1

.<V

v:*v?j

=^.
""X,*--V

.*^
.-/^'

\i\

\w

L' J. -

t.

..

'*;^fl*^'

.-;'

'

'^*i*A

>

. b.

<

./'

J_ ^

(I

J.

V^

'v

V,

-.,-,,.
ir''j

tfe.

jS
.'^

'i.

-'.

r^i

-!*

O.^V'-i

4!-:is

1^4
";^':vi^^:y,^i

j^f....'

l.v--

^te.

\jj^

.^]

'**'
^*-',

t*"^'

^^-^'
f

Z-

..^

_'

Ay
.

<

^,rV .J'. .i-~T^

s;
* .,
^V^l*'
y>i.'

"

,.'*

#^/4"

^--Sv

.^

'rtn'-fc ii*i

.''

\ '-TV/I

if

Vi**""'-

'--'

^-^'7^.^;^'
.

^"-^.

$'

WW

-i

^-

./ f

.^

\,y

A J\

y'-pfrs-^

!r

A-

;i^^.

?-w.':v^

'#

*,

f'?^

'

^k

'-

'

'

-^

"

'.

"*.

v\.

^1

s.\X

VI

.^'

,VV

L |l

J^^ii

^H^^

.^

'.

^.^
f" '.

sr

i^iJi'

X?

i'-'

vj:.

-I
ir-

-' '-

iw<.

m.

.-I/:
'

^\

-".

- F

i.

'--'. ^'
-.-'V
: >;

t'r.

^j::^>!=C^

'fi*!-

'

--

i^ff^.

--*

'

r*

'J^'^'lA--^-.

J '.

.1'

'

:;-;'<-

n-^
k

1.

-V

">

"v.

'^
F

,.''-*

'

--^

"V'J

:^^'^?

mi^Jif'-'h

--^

.i..'"t*j

.'5>

._

-jT^-ns^

V'/

-F*^ r*^'

'V

_T*11

rl'-.

""*'*V'

..^^

.-r-***'

"

1.

f.

^!"
-s

IHI

*':
I

./^'i
.'

^^WWM

>

t:

.K^>^^
I
4.*-

'^-/"

iM

^;5^;

:f

"

tr

x-r.lrr-

f5^-

0^

^T_'_-

i
f
'

.Ji.'e

>-o
'P^'h

-' -,

pi':^

:a:-''-v'

.Ti.-'

W'

i'S^'

n^l

wr

-. "4-

'

.*

ry

^.P4^-V PhM^jv-'^

?^^

-'*
^. > I

_ ^_

-Vv^

^^,

f*-*

^H

./

.fj,

Jf?-

.i^-'>V^

.'^;^=

^/^
'.

/
:^i::^i

jrt'*!'*-''^''*

1--V

\^

.t-

.^

^^

-i^'i

-V,-.,,

^U*-'

H^

^r

Ff^'i\'

"

'

>r'"**

?t^
.V-F,',

K'-^ryM-:\:.-^-?i
5-^'

-'-'

'

.'v

'

J-n

^.f

'.r--

-jJ]

-/j'h

'M

:^-^^-

.h

?f^
'

'

^'

-'

i>7
^'/f
J

.>^.

:-l:V^

'_'v
'.'-

^r

_-

'.?"i

>.

.-

'Kv^
.*

:!]

p.Tt

'-'

0^. -

'i

-TTJ;

^^v

-V
=

; /:
-'

l"

I.

'h

'

-p

"'">.

-^

'/
*'--.

ll

-r V

.'

^l

'^

t:*
'v'

^'- '.

y"'.

'..I-

V'

^'
..'.'

^->J

^-

:i;"
Si

1'-

^#'

\.,'

;\'

^K'K.

^'

"

./

iVf

J^'

T-

.^

\-

\.'

;^

.wJ

s,-

.^^

fc

;::!';i:-^^'

>'-''

TS

U=^>1

* -*

1^

..';i^-;",'r'*^ffifti:

y.^

..'

iSvi

-}
7>^h= ^-

.-

^'
H

s.

L.

^p"

f rr

*v

.vV

Pi

'

^_^,

^x^

AX^

^J

-J:

Jf"

J-

^^

X^r^^

7-\

^J

'1''

\ "

-4

4...

,i^

WJ

tZ

V'''Vv^

<

f-

^y

>

j"

'

'

iV.

-.>
rfJi^j

^:^---A
\',:

'."y

. .',

Si

I'l

:9

I'^j

^^r

*1!

\L s

''-'^f-t..-.-'

-^>.

.^.PfJ^..

--

_A \.

N\

^<.

-.

^:>
^^^?

'"*'''

to* V *!.?

'^^^^::i J^^^

'

"Zi

^Vw.*"k*i

..-^:

.-**-*i*'

p;,*

i
-'j

^l+Ll

'%*fc

"^v^--^

m\

rKi^\

Ht.

\-'f*

ml

'>-

/:
e

T
\

.l-

L-^i

>>P'F

.-"*',,*-.-J^

"-' '

J^-V'

^1

M -'

hE

fr

'I

-1.x

-^

.5^-

^^-.

.1

f
1

.^,*L,
r

i.Va

-^^ :-

'.

s:

.^

^-

y-

'I

r-;*

FV

g,i%'t

,'

;.ii,,-.,

,t

feV

l*

-a ^

p,^'

u^

^.^'V.

K^.

;v:^5:^'

"3^'

i
r.

>..
*

V'^^
"1.

'mm'-

-:''

"^''A'.-

<.-

'Y

\1^

-p'-.

r.

.,

h"-"^.

->.c=

--'^l

^-

^^>:

''.^J

'r'-l

If

i.V^'

'-^f

"'t^.l

I,

"^-'

s-

'"i^'^-

rrn

-iP

!^
\x-

y'

N,

-t

^'p'
- '

'

.^'

^*^

-A

!....

f,

.V-'

."-^^

'-^^

ViV'"

^f

:^*^

'v

'1.',.

-~fl

I)

;>^**:

r
:.j^

^?

'^i:

J*

^P*

*,

'^^"^

T-

//
^i^

L'-^W.

x[i

*.'

^3;

-^';'

'-i"
'.'V-

m.

\pi

-1
/

iL-i

^.^

.-I

s.?

--,

"'V'

"K

"^^, ^ -"Ml.'

^^
j&^S

L?

^
>

li^.
Tv^

1'V W>^
4

%H

''>.Ch

^'

if

S^

i',V

i.^;

;l

'. -r

'

.'u

/J

pi:/

L)l-^^-'
^..p
pv^t i^'^-^.-y.-:

.r,>r'

-'/

4^
/

ir

.^v-v

M,^^'^

i^-fc.

'I

,^ V

*^.

;^

>*-

j^s

-*

*T^:

.\

.- ii-.

^L

i
.V

?^>^^r.

pr'p ic^'^.

'.^u

HI

'f^\

-Vp.

.<

.;;f-

l-

tw^

i:

Is;'

^'

:^
~-

^3?s^ T'.V

z:^:'

'iV'

^^^.

^-.

-I

Vi^

-:?

'^

-i^--^---<

I'

.1.

,*y

v./^

;#-;.

-i!

l-r,'^'.

.s^

'I

-i'

^'

^"i

l-V
rif-

^*~

;^

T-E'^:

Mi
ii

tll^

I-'

.^-

.#

.%
^?i.
FT

y"f^'-

'"T

"'

\-

'-,

9^'.^?

'.A.

fU'

SV-.

Ki--.

,---Hl

"1^

1,'^

%.:

p-''

*iF

s;

-.'-""-*-'.,

ii^

'0'

VV

f?.

'r-''

-W'^p'^^v^.

'^p

'^^.

-j.i

.j:^

/'.':
<

X\

in

Vv

Myi

-^'

'''***-^,

iftf

li>L-

''

r>'

-1^

\u

jy.

'-

^v

Li,'

'Ik

'T v'"

(i^*'

:A.v;fip-

.*

.--*
L."

^I

.^'

->

m^
.;^

't

1'^

^vi^:^

'*

V ?

^h

K
t*'i

!S:^,'f>'

f^,' I

!<*'
I-

..ii

".

5W>, 3hV

;/^:

^^

^^

-.

.r'

;^M^*^

-'^

*, lr>:

,^>-'

-p

'i:

-'>

r,'.

^-^ *

--

I
rf/SJ^:?!*^

:-V^

Ljr

^':,-=kmi

1-^

^^^

:'_-;,

--ri..

I-

.v?-yf:^
..>-

,1

-^ij

;^j

r^^^.^.^*
$
h.Vt "-. J

y:i^

T
^i^

';^/

-i

'

^i^^:.:A;

-^i

-^

^i

-i^
^r.^-jfv,^..^

y'ri-

?S/V^
.;<'
^-

^r"^.

::l'

'.?:
1^-

^^^r

iii

Vd-n'T
->.^

J^--

v-v

?V:.

-v

'-

-.-<

J^*

f^'

e.:-

;
/./ /,

~.

*--rp,T

.^i

*>-t

mc
^
^;r;-^/.;^^?..fttmma
W '^^m.
mn

-i-

if

'J-i

^-''*,

4'

'^/

^4?

^ifili

^'

*^'

V*

-^

^.-^

.'?.;

*-w

'

ri *'

> -i*

K'T--*s..

\-

.l'

^^4

'^

-f'^r

vfc

yi-'j

?^-y'

-'r,-

,1''

f\

fl

xi

-'

'

-ft

"

&'*

-'.r^>;
'*.--

.A

:^

'

'i

.;

r\.

'.C-1

tN,
.lb;

<F

.{
-"..
ri'

't>

./'

/,

.1^

-''

**'

',*

w'-tOI'^

'"'"f^

1<-J-,

..'K'

L' '-I

J^^J;',-/X> ^^

i;

''^,

K:"V

','

V.

.-

tyrj^r.

v;i'

u>

.J^

^r--"

icr- ^-^JL-'^.--if

,'x

Oft

'ff^^
'^^

r^

,^'

'T

'.t-

*-*p.

.-"

--^

S^^:

N.?ji

\y^^'

.1

.\p

i*&

'^.^^'

^fl-^-

>^c^v
< f

'f

*<,

\~-

',

P.--V-

a-I

Sr

>-*>

.y""

"w-j

'h.

rn

i-,^ -VTi

>*

-'''

\i

?>^^

^.

'^.-ft

'fA

>i'i

'V,^

^'

<N

V^

'i^r/

V^'

ri

f-'

-''"l.Tli,

^:*

:\.^

'rJP

^<--

^e^-::-:i.'

rss^

.?

.i*--

^^

^1"
i^"*'

M-

>?-3
;J.

^:J]

Vj

;*->

-F-'-t

'J^-

(U

T
' -I

;J'

ft

'

:v

' r'

-^

'.^-^i-iji

^-^t,t^,fi0!i

*f-.

-.4-1

Jk-J

'

;'

.^.-

\;

-- r

:^;i

r.

V.

.^

'-Vdl-

./^r'

j!

'.P.

w."

'

[-?*.<

m*

"',\

'p--^*'

1.

,-

'Ji

r^

^^'^t:

HP?-

>'

'i

-"^^''^^^\

'- J.

jf
J'

'/

/
..-^

J,

* >

.-,pi

V-'

'

J-

-^'

:/

i'*.:^^

-.

'i

;'!

rJ

'If

-b

'*

'

|->
'i

vO

'?'

^T'-^i

>

-'

Sx'

.^;

^"-.-,.

i^

^Vp

.?'

I
\^

l'

*-"-;.

"='-!;-; ;-r

<'

rjr-

'<-:

If-

f*-

'':^\

>.

5*

h'

.Ui'
^"^^

,f

\^

,^ t^-*

i'>i'

'1^

Tl,

.^

J-*

^<

Qs^

^^
F%

U^i5

.-.S

:=,V

I*-

;>^\

%i?

^r**^.

Pj

^--

--

-*'

1^^

-.fi

.1

\fy

,^<:

^^

a:

-r*-

*.
s^

J;

'

''

'

rS?

A'

'

^".' ii

/:;

'1

/:'

I"'

'^'\

.-'-"

^^-\

:--y-.-.
--

-f

-'-^fP..

/.-,-

--}.--,

.,.,

'*

/Ti>4-

f^^S^yS

-r - -,

'

.;^

Frf

"^

,'1

II

^;

.'.V

^'W

L^i^.

t^r.':i^

'V

^
L

s.

,v

,j'

.'V

Mr..^

1',:-

^^'

*:

\.

*'..

SK'.- -'

iS^^.^X"

'J-^l

:'-^^

/'

k.

vv-

:f

./

r>i

fr

i:^^-^.

'V;''

1'

'l-

-p"

i-r
Hfl

r'v*.

\,>

O*

-V'---^--'

^T--

l\l

-^^i.^

!}'i'

1^:-,

'

"'

-><-'' *-v

.X'

'--f"

Sft

Jl^.

1.:^

''-^^

.i:-'.

i^es

'(

S-^^

^^

'f.

'

11,

r-'

r,';;i.'V

---i'

'M^;i.

*.- J-, .V
-

^v

.-'

V '

.^'

m-

^j^^.

>

*.r--i

J,

'

r>'

p-.v.

^
-<i

_'

' 1

- J,>'

K^ j^.""

'

"^H

.I'VE

H'

<B

?,'

'

'5.W
-.1-

-'.

^%>'

;=^:-"-^.v"

s.
^*:

i^'

IV

.y

X-

1-

i?2'>-^'.V>.^V >\.

'

j;

ifj:^.^;f
>-.'['

'V

yjy
.-*

ts^m
>v^

v,V

v.
I.'
'-',

-.'.:

^-,-

'--.

P^

'^:-M

X %:

f;

-I ..^'-

'.

y-^.w--"

"Vi;:\^y.'^
,-gi

'^F^&'

i-^'

7^'^-

-:"^':

':'

\-&-.

.-V-pvt;-.*

<

^ AH

-f'

'..

J.

-J

u'^.\

./

^'.'M>

V:

>^^:''Ji'a

vv

i-

--^

^z-'^.-

^i-^-"-'*'"!^

S'

A^

:j^

i-.-

>S?

r'

^'.

^'-.

v^

'I.*:

:i

*.

^-

V3^

i\r'
0--'??*

<

-7'.

I'i
-'.

-^.'.'

L^.'

i.+

V-1

ri'T-i^.

'fi^.

I-

.-^-'

yj)

'-'.

Mfr-

'^^.
:

-\

<^^L

'

lyf

^v*-

'-

^*l*

:V>

:^

.^.^::

-X^--'

-r.:

iV'^-'

A^1/t

>ft'

..^-*

sr

IV^^

.\-

^^-^^

-:,-

-t;

>5--^

^^H

^'^-'f.

J.

.^^'^rt^l^m

^^
**T,.

**^.^>-^
? :f

ydl

.-

tw

v*-^

'^^'.

*-"
'

P-.-T

'

<,

!'
>

!r]

'.

ir

^-?-V.
-Vi.;^

;^,-'

'fe.

rr . i^:f

>

I-

^^^;^^

1.

-\

-:

fi*
-~ll

\.-%\

*'

^'^

fl

->'it

E>..i

(7--S
It

'V^P

'

'V

^-

:si^

'^

-?*'

.V

-;< J't
I' -1

Ji^t
\srp/ v>

%i

'!

awv-^J'

at'

*>7^r

[&^-

^*f

-jT

ik
-S'

.',

r^

^d

^'-.

' =:

r
''^-

m^^

rj-

**v,

>

"

r*.

.(

L-T

%Sli

-^

y^y-f/j./.
-,^>jf/

\f-.-^J"

J-*

v^''

.j^'

*-*

.-^.^^

'\

y'-v^yr-^-.^..
,-^-

Ix

1.

^'

_pl

'

If
I

:>^F
L-;.^^*'

..wj*'

,-<

^^'^

P''

r'

h~

'^^
.

.'-'

HP"*^'

*..

'!W?

iiif.

f-

^rc'

(-*

v*-^
'-ri'.-V-^p-^i^J
,-.'-C^

ii

>* "p
fKx-f"

.J'.'

'i-h

^'i';

r-.*k-

V'

,','V
ifi-^
-^

,i-.A-*i

-:

'j

11"

--

^'

.>^:

'"

>'

'4

'^ft.

J"
<-- y.
w-

^y^-i

.'.'v
''>

>^^

>.y^

.'*

..^ '.

- .J"'

-ir-:--'

'

'

A Xvv
X^

y- y
V"

'

wym?

^r

/J

i'>^\^
.V

If'

,-

/,

b*:^

y.<

'*

J '

\.

'-

'IV

y .^

'/

f
^>^

y\
v^H
r

./

'

'

j'^

.^-

i;

\'

fi

- *

>%X'%'-^
^.'V

'

"'.

.1-

r"

,v.

;v
.-X>

nmms
a?^?
\

^\'^

'

* \,v

'ii

>t

^^'-f
iSi-

T^

'.

i^t^irUM^ri*'

'-^

.'

'*

l--\

^V'J

''

Z'.

">:::
^'^:ft

-J

t.^ '.'
I I<

''

-V :->--^
.Wj

r^

\ \x -^^

^v::^,.

^v -1^.
or^-r.

'.l.

.*

'S-'^'f^/

&->-.
Vl

v\
v>X7.

\ X\

i//.'

M^

l'V
d.
s

^
fl

^y
/

NXNX
^\.
r>.,%

'i\'

>.

y./

-:[

t4

^3

.,

\'v:

t-.f
IfI-'l

*'

"^.

^k.

*i

./

.-r-*>
r-y ;%
r

/-

yy/yyyyi
//V/

J.

v:;*^':^';

,v

ij.

.^i\

..x-

y*

rH-^.

hXi

.\t

>
^S^

ij

*r.v

f^K

-t'

x"^-

'->^
^'.'.

-f!

.^f

i*>'

l^y^
r J-

-^-Pift.

^;

-.'-I*

J**
."1.

>.-

^ ^'i?

fy

.?!

-*^.

jw,

/ff '-Ah^

c4

y V*'- 1''^i^V,^-"^:'.'-

-".r-^-^

'>

'

'

^.

s'^'-

..^'

//-.

"VOtLcli

isj.

dJxtii.

mc(enL

mMsuj

T
(0)

u
9

oii

&

**

-ir1>'

^^-.^.

'A

'"'/;.

'II'

,-1

^-
r-

-W.' 4

7/Y//mi!f>

''---.^

<c'

^^:

'h

PI^^-^'

-^-

'^

jd - '-4V=;;

^<

Ht."

'T'

^.

V"

^ ic.

fi

<.fi'

.y.-^'

i
w

*.

fV-

JF^*

f"

.>-_fc,.

-Pfc

.;

U^^

\:^
w\',:t-'
>>:
'*Vp

*."- j

V
^m

/ //-^

vl.

i*;^-.

'>-

-V

ar

'^p^

y\

'

iM.'-"

"*u.

:^H?

'plV>

^::^-^!^;-

ii

^^

-r.*-^^oii^?v^-r-

.\:.

-^

. p

.^^

-*.

T^i

p-W

6
k\

*"pr--

'^'^

4,

"f^ tf

_*.''Or
-.

'.

.-.

It

^y\r:

^.
i'Ti.

it

-^

^^::
f

"-ii

r-~

.-^

^'**-'i^,

,/-^/

f-

/ ,/

-r

ji

^'',

P_h

hV t

^V-'
.^-' 'I'fi

'

1^

T-^O,*.-, p^

'.

->.

fC-.

'

Vj

.r^'i-

.-i'-V

"k.

^ F

.5.^

h'T

-!.

>'

:*^

-'

"'X,

'

,'>

,v"

%"k

H-.

<!*1

-.i-y

.**

? I

'C^v^r^
i-'f.^'
S:^^>^^l^:
\
V^"

V:

-/.-'yy'

/ f

ijk^

Vw

1- L.1

'P-S'M

ip

y..'

'-i.

'/

-'-'-

\ "a

'/..

*.:^>
'f.'p.-Ih

V'.

?S

-,T

;'

.C'

'^^:"'^

FA

5
A 1?

.//

/f

. '.

Ci

fl

Vs'.

hV.
h'jJ.

'

SN^X
^
^

'\.
1

T; -X

w-

lU

'

>\

t ?

'p

j:

If

J-

'

S F

f.l-

-I

.:>

'-,,.

!/

.*"

'-7^

-^.

'M,

[.^
i^^

./

r:

F'

'

"i

"V

riP^
-

rvifi

c*<^

MV'

1-

riu

J
.'/-/

'

^j7/

v.(-

I,

T"

"S.

- iSj'

.;!?
^.".lij

.^/^>

-T

V-'

^::

'^

"-t

p
P

<

V m.

<,

'1'
,

::S'

^
i:

'

^^

f.

L.!'

*-

J.

^<'^
'V

;'?V

'

'I

rx

-1

*
t?

^.

.;k
i

mi

''^"n^

"j".i

^/^..^l

ii^

'/

^i

.^-

.J

-1

^T^^^

^v*

r^-

i^'

V-'iJ"

/*

J?,

'

Ft

vt-l

U^^'

\^7"

>:

j'

1.

'i

.ft:

.-.

/;
*-'

\y^

?'^^.

iV

^'-^t?p

^1

L'^i.

'H.

j*'-2t0'>^--^.-^^-if,

'l^^i

// :'/ //

^:;!^rt^-^^^V
rt
^1

t'j.

t-

t^\

J-r

'\p

S'-::

>

^w

^%?

V-

f,.'

<U'

'

->

.*

TW

'4

'A

r^si

.^y*

i-u

^,.'N

f-

*.AV\;

">:* S^. ^vil.

.'.'Z:r'i.

.->"

.1

-.-r'.,

ii

.^'

..'

,1

^1
i>

'\.

^i^k^^.-K

^^;?

\-

>^

I.

j:

i-'-r-

'^

^i

h-,-p-

'"

:'^

'^p

-v^-^tt'"'^.

'

:*

4.

''-ir

.v>
J

-A

:F^^

>'

;=^^'

:-^i.(

'V

.i.:*:

C-s

B^-,

J
L,

-.1

'^r
Ik

'%.

'.

(^

rt

J.

'

'

\-i
-

<hF

V'^^

'i-

f-,.\.P.,

-'

J%

i
F

^'

1(_

rv^i

,v/'

''^

'j

*^%

iti
-IT.

fe-^^

.^"
<rr

iLr
i'r^

fVr

^-

'".

'*

'fc^

il.

>

!>

^pf
-..

'

::m

^.

'''.

1,'

F-.

'i,ir'

-jp

^ijf^i

5t>

n*.s-

,rt:.

-i^.."^^--^-

.C;^

,y b

'Vf-:

i^'?:

'?:(^s-

-1

'-

(.

.-!'

i'

I-

'^:.

-_-

.,-^n

.Ml"*'-'

:f '^

tk'

\^-,
.(^

'^

,^

flt^

:-.*

"f

'""14
-

r.

f i

../

"-j"

,^

..-^

^r

\i

!;

'a

^'

J-L

Tfii-^^?.

,\'^

--

-H

.C'^"

S.

i;;

i-

'^

t]

-^^

f:

**-

^5^

'j^.^.i

".;if^^

?5^

l\

Ji

.-":

*i

iT-';",'

.*^^'

:-v

^*:

'

'.

-...

'^*foi:

>

'lii n
t-

-^'

^ 5/

J.
,

--\i'

Ef

.>

^.^

,/

H.J J*J

,.tjf

:(

-"-.

1 i/

-^^.l

J ^3

"T-i-",

;i^)

^W

'V

r>
-

-l\

^\

''".

'Sn

Li^;-^/
.''i
J.

-:aA
4, ^r^-L.
'!" ---^y
^^:
':;>'^:

';-^'.V

.-^''

^:^!,

I^

<a^

'

"':

^.. '''^^^ails;
'ri\

'.I'l

t^

"I

('

-;

'V
\'

--3^.

\
<-=>

%j

/'

--v

'

[\.

V-

^Trigi

.V-;-

i^

*''

-'X

.^^

,-*^'
.A-^6**-iC-..^^'W

ii

%f rx^
v-:-..

.-3t-

'^

.f-

^m

'

-'ii

'./:*'

."Brooks

zmj

?/r

\.

PLATE XIX.
i^

RHEUM

NOBILE,

Hf.

et t.

Nat. Ord. Polygone^.

Herba

elata 3-5-pedalis columiiaris, radice elongato-fusiformi, rhizomate crasso brevi, caule erecto sulcato simplici bracteis
reflexis

deorsum imbricatis membranaceis omnino

velato, foliis radicalibus rosulatis breve crasse petiolatis ovato-

obloiigis obtusis integerrimis basi cuneatis nervis flabellatis, caulinis orbiculatis

brevius pedicellatis reeurvis in

bracteis repente desinentibus, bracteis stramineis translucidis convexis bullatis marginibus roseis, stipulis

membranaceis

rubris, paniculis brevibus axillaribus compositis e basi flabellatim ramosis intra stipulas nidulantibiis

omnino

et bracteis

maximis

velatis, floribus viridibus pedicellatis, sepalis

6 aequalibus oblongis obtusis, staminibus

6, ovario

breviter stipitato compresso v. trigono, stylis 2-4, stigmatibus capitatis, achaenio 2--4-alato lateribus tuberculatis.

Hab. In rupibus abruptis

The

present

is

alpinis

Himalayse orientalis: Sikkim,

alt.

13-15,000 ped.

most striking of the many

certainly the

Fl

Sikkim

fine alpine plants of

every botanical character, as also in the acid juice of the stem, a genuine Hhubarb,

and though in

it differs

so

remarkably

in habit and general appearance from any of

one of them.

14,000

first

saw

it

its

congeners, that at

first

sight

from a distance of fuUy a mile, dotting the black

feet elevation, in inaccessible situations,

and was quite

it

could not be recognized as

clifPs

of the

at a loss to conceive

Lachen vaUey

what

it

could be

at

nor

was
of

it

its

till

being a true Ehubarb.

The
most

I had turned back the curious bracteal leaves and examined the flowers that I was persuaded

individual plants of

Bheum

nobile are upwards of a yard high,

delicate, straw-coloured, shining, semi-transparent,

have pink edges; the

large, bright

glossy, shining

and form conical towers of the

concave, imbricating bracts, the upper of which

green radical leaves, with red petioles and nerves,

forming a broad base to the whole.

On

stipules are seen, like red silver-paper,

and within these again the short branched panicles of

green flowers.

The

root

is

turning up the bracts, the beautiful membranous, fragile, pink

very long, often

arm, and bright yellow inside.

many

feet,

and winds amongst the rocks

it is

as thick as the

After flowering the stem lengthens, the bracts separate one from another,

become coarse red-brown, withered and torn

finally, as

the fruit ripens, they

looking stem, covered with panicles of deep brown pendulous

projecting from the beetling

insignificant

cliffs,

fruits.

fall

away, leaving a ragged-

In the winter, these naked black stems,

or towering above the snow, are in dismal keeping with the surrounding

desolation of that season.

The stems

of this plant (called "

Chuka" by

the inhabitants) are pleasantly acid, and

much

eaten

the

hollow of the stem contains a good deal of Limpid water.

The accompanying drawing

is

taken from a sketch of the whole plant, of the natural

size,

which I took.

and wMcli covers two

to

folio sheets of

Kew, grew and some

paper (that

is,

four times the area of the Plate)

of the plants lived two years

The

they should be planted in peat

seeds which I sent

soil

and rockwork,

a^d kept very cool and damp.

XIX. rk.

1.

Flower.
fruit

2.

Stamen.

Pollen

10. Transverse sections of

Ovaria

Embryo

of ovar
agnijied.

^^

-\

7.

Ovule

8.

Ripe

13^

p+p

W.Rtcii del et

TTTj
iitii

1!
i)

'^/!

!U

,^

lA

A M
9

aioni

^
'fecerit.

Jiruoks iinp

PLATE XX

QUERCUS LAMELLOSA,

Waii.

Nat. Ord. Cupulifer^e.

Arbor

pcd. diametro stricto erecto superne ramoso,

plis coriaccis

serratis

multinerviis

superne

coma oblonga, ramis

breve petiolatis elliptico-ovatis lanceolatisvc acumfnatis grosse argute

subspinuloso
viridibus

subtus

argenteis glaucisve, mfloresccntia mascula ignota

fa3miiiea brevi pauciflora spicata, stigmatibus 3 capitatis vix

exsertis, involucris

lamellosis lamellis

10-16

concentricis

mediocribiis, ramulis vcliitino

inibus

entibus, glande late ovato-oblonga apice sericca,

decidua,

maximis subo-bbosfs
uperioribus incurvis glandem

embryone

In Himalay

ped.

Nipal

fr.

Nov

The present

is

one of the commonest trees about DorjUing, and

Oak known, whether

by

certainly

is

for the size of the foliage or acorns, their texture

and

colour, or the imposing appear-

of the tree, which has a taU, straight,

solid trunk, forty to sixty feet high,

much above
of foliage

much

The

it

wood

the

leaves are hardly persistent during the winter,

is

indifferent

As with

our

and an oblong crown

though the tree

common European

dang

stumble

to ride along the roads near Dorjiling, the

Most of these decayed where they

cotyledc

feU,

is,

indeed, the

at

it

no time destitute
is

produced

was so abundant that

nor did any that I sent to England germinate, for the

posed to the heat of the

with most of the Indian Oaks, of which there are

about thirty species.

very few of which have been introduced into this

country

Plate XX.

Fig. 1.

Young

as

hard round acorns causing the horses to

very fleshy, and the plumule sprouts as soon as the

This

is

forest trees, the fruit

greater abundance in some seasons than at others;

in the winter of 1848-49

it

far the noblest species of

An

old acorn, cut vertically

tyledons

^/

Gland

Seed

Transverse section of

..ate

,9

-^

W.YitJ^

a.cl.

etlitL.

"Kncent

PTT^
<i

ii

tt-

Ero(ab Iurp

PLATE XXI.

LARIX GRIFFITHII,

H.f. et T.

Nat. Ord. ConifervE.

Arbor 20-60-pedalis, trunco

dependentibus,

foliis

gracili

1-2 ped. diametro, coma

conica, ramis arcuatis apicibus pendulis, ramulis longissimis

linearibus, conis masculis oblongo-cylindraceis, antheris subquadrato-orbiculatis

unguiculatis

connectivo apice eroso-dentato, ungue dilatato, conis focmineis erectis cjlindraceis obtusis, bracteis
subulatis elongatis

reflexis

deorsum imbricatis squamis

orbiculatis concavis

triplo longioribus, conis maturis 4-5-pollicaribus

ylindraceis obtusis, bracteis persistentibus subsquarrosis, seminibus oblongis ala oblonga multoties
brevioribus

Hab. In

sylvis

Maio

temperatis Himalayse orientalis interioris,

8-12,000 ped.

and promising of the many

the pursuit of botany in India.

Himalayan Conifera, but the

known and named long

It

was Mr.

tlie

name

Griffith's

its

Fl

it

are found

much lower

river.

Griffith,

and

sacrificed their Hves to

name should be recorded by one

than

{P. excelsa)

of the

had been

is

abundantly in the interior vaUeys of

it

latter country that it prevails as far

a remarkable fact that neither this species nor the

on the outer or even central ranges of Sikkim, but only in the

level

one of the most

That indefatigable botanist discovered the present species in

it.

It

W.

would have been attached

confines of Sikkim; I gathered

Dud Kosi

as the sources of the

Mr.

their energies

Sikkim and Eastern Mpal, and was assured by the natives of the

aifect a

Nipalia

discoverer,

wish that his

which he hoped

before he found

of

who have devoted

naturalists

species to

Western Bhotan, towards the

Bmnoniana

fr. Oct.

This very distinct and graceful Larch bears

active

alt.

AUes WebUana, which abounds on

interior,

west

AUes

though both

the outer and central ranges, wherever

these attain 10,000 to 11,000 feet elevation.

4

Larix GriffitUi grows to a height of sixty

feet in

deep vaUeys, but

it

prefers the dry, rocky, ancient

moraines formed by glaciers that have centuries ago retired to higher levels in the mountains

grows on grassy

slopes,

and very long,

foliage,

where the drainage

lithe,

cord-Hke,

is

good.

It

is

remarkable for

its

and

it

also

very slender habit, sparse

pendulous branchlets, that are set in motion by the slightest

w

breeze,

and in a heavy gale are

cones are

much

numerous

scales,

this species,

so completely

blown to one

side that the tree appears lop-sided.

larger than those of any hitherto described Larch,

and in

their long, reflexed, persistent bracts,

and further

which are placed

but which in the others are only seen on the lowest scales of

differ

The

erect

from any others in their

at the

back of every

scale in

all.

The wood of
and

also

this tree is soft, white,

by the Tibetans and Bhoteas.

plants are

now

three to four feet high.

and very

indifferent

it is

called Sah, or Saar,

by the Lepchas,

Seeds which I sent to

Kew

Some have withstood

the late severe winter (1854-5) with no

germinated readily, and the young

protection, whilst others have

been quite killed

a difference I

having been gathered from plants which grew at 8000

Plate

XXL

J. Male branch.

and

9.

bracts.

more or

remale branch.

1^

'

inclined to attribute to

and others at nearly 13,000

Fig. 1, 2, 3. Anthers.

and bracts

Ripe cone.

less magnified.

feet,

am

Young

4. Pollen.

seeds

The

some of

my

seeds

feet elevation.

7, 8. Scales
9.

and 12)

./"

./ _Ui

X. X

..

..i^^S-,^

h
A,

1^?^:-^TV

.^'

y-'

<-

>;-.

jE

.j^^

jr

JT^

"-

"^

jT

'

''

V!2^^39^ki."'T^.'

X''**;:"

'*'%.:>..

''

"%.

'

"^

'

""if

my,n

.H.

J.D.E

ajia]

WEtdi

ad.

et litK

Vincent

'O:?

f\l

i'oaks

Tiii"p

PLATE XXII.

CYRTOSIA (ERYTHRORCHIS) LINDLEYANA,

hi.

et t.

Nat. Ord. Orchidejs.

Ilcrba robusta elata aphylla, rhizomate elongate torto fibras crassas simplices tortuosas obtusas emittente, ad nodos

squamoso, apice incrassato in caulem crcctum 2-3-pedalem solidum desinentc, caule glabro cylindraceo basin
versus squamato, squamis ovato-oblongis basi lata insertis obtusis, panicula laxc ramosa, ramis paucis horizontalibus basi bracteatis pubescentibus 5-10
5-10-floris, floribus spicatis basi bractcolatis,

ovario cylindraceo periantliio

sequilongo velutino tomentoso, periantbii subglobosi sepalis exterioribus oblongis obtusis

3-5-costatis v.

subalatis costis flexuosis, petalis oblongo-rotundatis marginc crispatis, labello ovato-oblongo concavo lateribus erectis

incurvis marginibus eroso-fimbriatis extus glabro intus barbato subpaleaceo,

V.

columna arcuata apice utrinque

bi-

dentata glaberrima antice plana, stigmate transverso, anthera conico-oblonga recurva extus papilloso-tuberculata
basi biloba biloculari loculis hippocrepiformibus, poUiniis 2 liippocrcpiformibus cylindraceis laxe granulatis, granulis
lobosis ternis quaternisve, capsulis

magnis pcndulis obtuse trigonis primum carnosis

dcmum

valvis 3 tarde deliis-

centibus, seminibus late alatis.

PoGOCHiLus, Falconer, MSS.

Hab. In

sylvis temperatis

The
India,

montibus Khasiae

orientalis et

subject of the present Plate

and belongs

Malayan

Himalayse

is

certainly the

to a small genus, native

This was established by

Islands.

7000 ped.

Fl

most remarkable Orchid in the Himalaya,

if

not in aU

of the Eastern Himalaya, the Khasia mountains, and the

Blume on

a Javanese plant with pulpy indehiscent fruit and

wingless seeds, of which two species are figured in his

has proposed another generic

name

{JErytlirorclm) for

'

an

;'

Elora Java3

since then the

allied plant agreeing

with

same learned author

C.

Lindleyi in having

dehiscent fruit and winged seeds.

After a careful study of these, however, Dr. Thomson and I have come
r

to the conclusion that the above characters are not of generic importance, being
diiferences of habit,

species
dry,

and the characters themselves being subject

thus the fruit of

when

(7.

Lindleyana

is

unaccompanied with any

to considerable modification in the several

very fleshy, and presents no trace of dehiscence until old and

the valves often do not separate wholly, and the breadth of the wing of the seeds

variable character in this species, whilst others have

Though

so different in habit,

similar poUen-mass

Cyrtosia

and three-valved

is

much narrower

is

a very

wings.

very nearly allied to Vanilla, a genus having a somewhat

fleshy capsule, without the intermediate pieces so conspicuous in the

\
I

ordinary type of Orchideous

plant abound in a viscid

fruit.

fluid,

cells

hairs of the

ovarium are branched and

and are formed of loose

taining raphides, and traversed

long superimposed

The

by

stout

cellular tissue,

woody bundles

cellular.

The

tissues of the

fuU of oblong and quadrate

the latter are composed of spirally

cells,

marked

con-

tubes,

with dotted walls, very broad trachea3, and thick-walled woody tubes, with their

sides perforated

by pores surrounded by

placentae of the ovary are very broad

discs,

and

much

resembling the woody tissue of Conifem.

slightly convex, studded with

The three

innumerable anatropous ovules of

the form and structure

conducting tissue

common

to Orclddea,

and along the back of

eacli placenta is a

dense mass of white

formed of delicate white, transparent, mucilaginous tubes.

Cyrtoda Lindleyana

not

is

uncommon

England germinated, nor did the

roots

trace any parasitic attachment between

near Dorjiling.

which I dug up
its

roots

None

of the seeds I sent to Calcutta or to

live, either at

I never could

Dorjiling or Calcutta.

and those of the other plants with which

aware that a parasitic attachment has been proved to exist in any Orchid.

grew, nor

it

am

I have also sought in vain for

such iQ Listera Nidus-avis.

The plant

dedicated by Dr.

is

Thomson and myself

long and successfully in investigating the structure and

which

it

belongs,

to

our friend Dr. Lindley,

affinities

who

has laboured so

of the extremely difficult Natural Order to

and who has kindly undertaken the determination and description of our Indian

species
L

for his admirable

Plate XXII.
6.

work the

'

Folia Orchidacea.'

Fig. 1. Labellum,

Grains

of pollen.

tissue? at the back of

7.

2, 3.

Front and side view of column.

Transverse

its lobes.

10. Ovule.

the wings and testa removed in front.

with raphides:

section of

ovary.

8.

Anther, seen from below.

Hairs from ovary.

9.

11. Transverse section of ripe capsule.

14. Cellular tissue of stem,

all {hut fig. 12) magnified.

4.

and raphides.

Placenta,

5.

Pollen-mass,

with conducting

12. Seed.

13. Seed with

15. Vascular tissue.

16. Cells

."-

'Viii'^eat

W.Fitdi lith

[TT^TT
fl

Nvr
/^S

^':-

Liim

Bxooka

Irjip

PLATE XXIII

VANDA CATHCARTI,

Undi

Nat. Ord. Orchide^.

Longe

caulescens,

foliis

lineari-oblongis planis subundulatis apice rotundatis oblique bilobis

brevioribus, sepalis petalisque

oblongis rotundatis sessilibus asqualibus, labello co

auriculis nanis rotundatis lobo intermedio

ante auriculam carnosissimo.

Hab. In

vallibus calidis

basi mutico auriculato,

cordato obtuso margine elevato tomentoso rug

bicostato

Fol Or

Himalay

Sikkim

4000

ped.

Fl. Aprili

Dr. Lindlej says of this that " no more remarkable OrcKid Las been found in Northern India
tliougli

not so showy as the gorgeous

BendroUa (chrymitlum, Bevonianum, Farmeri,

etc.),

it

grows,

it

exceeds any of these in

its

singularity,

and

its

there,

1.

Ovary, column, and labellum

7.

Capsule

2.

Front view of

cc

but Jiff. 7 magnified.

and

amongst which

Living specimens

but did not survive the voyage to

England.

Plate XXIII. Kg.

chaste elegant appearance.

which I sent to Calcutta flowered in the Botanical Gardens

:"

PoUinia

Anther

+
_.rio'

J.DHorjkcr anal.W.Rtd^.

YmccBt Brooks

liti

_^^

tf

'^

Jk mw Ik

^TfS^

Q)

11

TT-

ila

\?

H IL IL

,0

i^.

CIV

Imp.

PLATE XXIV.

PARIS POLYPHYLLA,
J

Sm

Nat. Ord. Smilace^e.

Eoliis

basi

4-6

pedicellato, sepalis

foliaceis ovato-lanceolatis

stammibus

acuminatis trinerviis, petalis 4

aiitheris linearibus filamentis longioribus obtusis v.

terminatis, ovario 4-6-locnlari 4-6-aiimilato, stigmatib

divergentibus

revolutis,

b
connectivo subulato product
capsula 4-6-valvi,

seminib

rubris testa aquosa.

Paris polyphylla, Sm?M

Plant.

Hab. In

V.

5./;.

in

Bees

Cycl.

Don,

Fl.

Nep

Wall. Plant.

Kiinth.

En

118.

sylvis temperatis

Himalayas

occideiitalis

10,000 pcd.

Maio

Fl.

v/'

./^^^^

'V'

v>Xy

This very singular plant has been long

country.

It has

known

to botanists,

been supposed to be the same with

cannot ascertain, for want of

distinguished depend

Dahurian

specimens of the latte

sufficient

The specimen I have figured here

is

individuals scarcely three inches high

and

The

relative length of the sepals

much

largest I have

and petals

point I

and

petals,

R verticillata and

shorter.
;en,

parts of the flower are

relative dimension, especially the sepals

at others

into Paris

by no means the

Bieb

this

The characters by which they have been

In those I have examined of

P. incompleta, which hardly appears different, the petioles are

and

plant, P. verticillata,

upon the number of parts of the flower and the

characters which vary in every specimen of P. polyphylla.

shape,

though never hitherto introduced into

though I have

found

also

vely variable in number,

size.

the anthers are, moreover, sometimes blunt

have the connective produced into a terminal spur, which invalidates

the division of the genus

and Demidovia, to which

latter P.

polyphylla has been referred, on account of the acuminate

anthers

Mr. Cathcart's drawing

differs in

the seeds from WaHich's figure, the latter having? been

drawn from

dried specimens, in which the brilliant scarlet pulp

sweet, but

had shrunk

The

seeds are eaten

by the Lepchas

they

mawkish
;

Plate XIV,
7.

Fig. 1. Petal.

Transvers

embryo-sac.
seed.

15.

1^

2, 3.

:ion of

Ripe
I

Stamens of

ovary

fruit.

of albumen.

different varieties.

Ovule

The

Embry

Vertical

4. Tissue of anther-cell.

of

viewed from behind

5.

Pollen-grains.

10. Section of
13. Ripe seed.

//y. 11 and 12) magnified.

Vertical

G.

Ovary.

m.

HOOKER,

D.

F.E.S

^y>/XX^>'

POETEAIT

HOOKEE

DE.

of

in the

Ehododendron Eeglon of the Himalaya

Mountains

plants gathered during the day's march.

Two officers of his ISrepaiilese Guard

Franh
and

AM. A.

Stone,

Ghoorka Sepoys
are seated round a fire in the distance.
The scene represents a view taken on tlie
skirts of a pine-forest, at 9000 feet elevation
Kinchin Junga, the loftiest mountain in the world, elevation 28,lV8 feet, is seen in the distance.
The trunk of a
tree on the right is covered with Ehododendron Dalhoimm, and other
epiphytes.
are in attendance,

their

Tlxtractfrom Catalogue offJie Exhibition of the Royal Academy for 1852

Mb
Picture, in his possession, has been executed in mezzotint at the suggestion
of the
friends of Dr. Hooker, at a cost of two hundred guineas for 100 Proof
Impressions,

of which 60 have been subscribed for at the cost price of 2.

will

and that he

25. each,

be happy to receive the names of Subscribers for the remainder.

of an early application

requested.

is

The favour

>

yf Subscribers,

Dyke Acland,

1.

Sir T.

2.

John Allcard,

3.

H. Balfoue, F.E.S.
A. X. Barclay, Esq., F.E.S. & G.S.
James Bateman, Esq., F.E.S. & L.S.

4.
5.

6.
7.

8.
9.

10.

Bart., M.P.,

F.E.S

Esq., F.L.S.

32. S.

Professor J.

James Heyworth.
H. Haslam, Esq., F.L.S.

31. Eev.

33

&

Henslow, F.L.S. & G,S.

Sir W. J. Hooker, F.E.S. & L.S.
Egbert Hudson, Esq., F.E.S. & L.S.
William

36.

40. J. D.

W. BoREER,

41.

&

L.S.

37.

38.

39. Professor

16.

47. Dr.

17.

Miss CUREER.

48. Sir

18.

Charles Daewin,

42.

12.

43.

14.

15.

19. Dr. J. F.

20.

Esq., F.E.S.

DiLLWYN,

26.
27.

46.

49.

G.S.

&

53.

Geeenottgh, Esq., F.E.S.

59.

H. GuRNEY, Esq.
A. Hambeoitgh, Esq.

&

G.S.

55.
56.

57.

60.

L.S.

F.L.S.

&

H.S.

Phillips, F.L.S.

John Eichaedson, F.E.S. & L.S.

H. Cadogan Eotheey, Esq., M.A., F.L.S.
Wilson
Sedgwick, F.E.S.

Selby, Esq., F.L.S.

Heney Shepheed,

54. E. J.

58.

29. J.

Edward

52. P. J.

L.S.

&

Alexander Milne, Esq.

Sir Oswald Mosley, Bart.,
Major Munro, F.L.S.

51. Professor

Daniel Feequson, Esq.

Professor Ebw. Forbes, F.E.S. & G.S.
James Oadesden, Esq., F.L.S. & H.S.
William Gourlie, Esq.

28. a. B.

30.

&

Esq., F.L.S.

Dickinson, F.E.S.
23. Joseph Feilden, Esq.
25.

45.

50.

22. Dr. J.

24.

L.S.

Datis.

a. E. Dennes, Esq., F.L.S.

21. L. L.

&

44.

Lindlet, F.E.S.

Llewelyn, Esq., F.E.S. & L.S.

Sir Charles Lyell, F.E.S. & L.S.
J. Macmillan, Esq., F.L.S.
THE0i)0EE Maetin, Esq.

BowEEBANK, Esq., F.E.S. & L.S.

John BEianxwEN, Esq.
Thomas Beightwen, Esq., F.L.S.
John Brown, Esq., F.Q-.S.
C. J. F. BuNBtTRY, Esq., F.E.S. & L.S.
EiCHAED Clapham, Esq.

11. J. S.

13.

{two copies).

35. Professor

Thomas Bell, Esq., F.E.S. & Pres. L.S.

E. Benham, Esq.
John J. Bennett, Esq., F.E.S. & L.S.
Eev. M. J. Berkeley, F.L.S.
Esq., F.E.S.

Haryey

34. Professor

&

&

G.S.

G.S.

Esq.

Shuttlewoeth, Esq,

William Spence,

Esq., F.E.S.

&

Wm
John E. Taylor, Esq.
Dr. Thomas Thomson, F.L.S.
^. B. Ward, Esq., F.E.S. & L.S.
John C. Whiteman, Esq.
/

LOVELL REEVE, HENRIETTA STREET, COVEXT GARDEN.

L.S.