1)DILLATION:command is : - imdilate(image name ,Se);

nt (SE)=PARAMETERS WILL BE LENGTH AND ANGLE of text

here Se is structure eleme

Se =Strel ( type ,Parameter)

Type
1) 'line'
2) 'disk'
3) 'square'
4) 'rectangle'
5)'periodicline'
6) 'ocatgon'
7) 'pair'
8) 'diamond'
9) 'arbritrary'

Parameter
length and angle
Radius
width
width and distance(length)
position and integer value.
radius of octagon
offset
radius
neighbourhood and height

2) EROSSION :- to remove smthng from an image.

command is:3) command is:Operation

a1=imerode(a,se)
bwmorph(b&w image,operation);
Description

1) 'bothat'
performs the morphological bottom head op
eration (dilation followed by errosion).
2) 'branchpoints'
find the branch points of a skleton.
3) 'bridge'
it bridges unconnected pixel. i.e. set 0
values pixel to 1 if they have two non zero neighbours that they ARE not connect
ed.
4) 'clean'
removes isolated pixels (individual 1's t
hat are surrounded by 0's)
5) 'close'
performs morphological closing ( dillatio
n followed by errosion)
6) 'diag'
it will fill 1's on those diagoanl only
where eight pixels are connected.
7) 'dilate'
to dilate using structure elments.
8) 'endpoint'
find the end point of skeleton. and make
it 1 and every else 0
9) 'fill'
find the isolated pixel( individual 0's t
hat are surrounded by 1's) .
10) 'hbreak'
remove the H connected pixels.
11) 'majority'
set the pixel to 1 if five or more pixel
in its 3 X 3 neighbourhood are 1's,otherwise set the pixel to 0's .
12) 'open'
perform the morphological opening points
(errosion followeed by dilation).
13) 'remove'
remove the interior pixel( leaning only t
he boundary pixels.).
14) 'shrinking'
n= inf . shroinking the objects.it remov
es the pixel so that object without holes shrink to the point.
15 'skel'
n= inf . remove pixel on the boundary of
object but does not allow object to break apart. i.e. does not remove the conne
cted pixels
16) 'spur'
remove the spur pixels.
17) 'thickin'
n=inf . increase the thickness object by

adding pixels to the exterior of object

16) 'thin'
n=inf. thins object to lines. (to remov
e the pixels i.e. an object without hole. shrinks to the minimally)
17) 'tophat'
perform morphological tophead operation.
(errosion followed by dilation.)

convolution .DFT . Ft .gaussian filter and PEF (padh ke aana h)

4) IMAGE FILTERIZATION:hsize is 3 X 3.

to decrease the noise we use filter. by default the

To design a 2d filter us command :To apply the filter use command:Type

fspecial(type)
fspecial (type ,parameter)
imfilter(image,filter);
Description

Parameter
1) 'average'
average filter
- h size (blurs the image)
2) 'disk'
circular averaging filter
- radius
3) 'gaussian'
gaussian low pass filter
- h size and sigma(standard deviation)(S.D. b/w 0 and 1)
4) 'log'
Laplacian gaussian filter
- h size and sigma(0 to 1)
5) 'laplacian'
approximates the 2-d laplacian operator
- alpha( 0 to 1)
6) 'motion'
approxiamted the linear motion of the c
amera - length and angle
7) 'prewitt'
prewitt horizontal edge emphasizing fil
ter (makes 1 to 0)
8) 'sobel'
sobel horizontal edge emphasizing filte
r
(makes 1 to -1)
5) NOISE ADDITION:use command:-

imnoise(original image,'type',parameter

s)
Type

Description
Parameter

1) 'gaussian'
nd variance.
2) 'localvar'
ity deoendent variance
3) 'poisson'
fibre')
4) 'salt & pepper'
er means 0)
5) 'specale'

Gaussian white noise with constt means a

-mean and variance
0 mean gaussian white noise with intens
- variance
poisson noise (it occurs when in optical
On and off pixels (salt means 1 and pepp
-density
Multi cavity noise
-variance