DeE Data Architecture QA PDF

Data Architect - Interview Q and A
Copyright 2014 Data-e-Education.com All Rights Reserved.
Presented By: Prem Nath R.K. Data Architect Consultant
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These 68 Questions and Answers helps you to attend Telephonic Interview.
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*****
Normalization - Q and A
Question 01
What is Normalization?
Answer 01
Normalization is a mathematical
approach that helps to decompose a
complex Table Relation (Rx) into
multiple simplex Relations (R1, R2,
R3 ... Rn), based on Functional
Dependency Rules.
E.F.Codd introduced Normal Form

1,2 and 3 to design Relational
Database Structure.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/RDBMS/Database_Normalization.php
Question 02
What is First Normal Form(1 NF)?
Answer 02
First Normal Form - 1NF is used to

identify and eliminate repeating
group of data or a repeating group
of attributes from one entity that
decompose into two different
entities to produce atomic data.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/RDBMS/First_Normal_Form_1NF.php
Question 03
What is Second Normal Form(2 NF)?
Answer 03
Second Normal Form - Each 1NF

entity must imply with 2NF that
helps to identify and eliminate
redundant information from 1NF
entity to avoid update and delete
anomalies.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/RDBMS/Second_Normal_Form_2NF.php
Question 04
What is Third Normal Form 3 NF?
Answer 04
Third Normal Form - 3NF is used to

eliminate transitive dependency
attributes from one entity that
moved into external entity to avoid
update, insert and delete anomalies.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/RDBMS/Third_Normal_Form_3NF.php
Question 05
What is Boyce Codd Normal Form
BCNF?
Answer 05
Boyce and Codd Normal Form BCNF is used to eliminate non-trivial

dependencies between candidate
key attributes from one entity that
moved into external entity to avoid
update, insert and delete anomalies.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/RDBMS/Boyce_Codd_Normal_Form.php
Question 06
What is Fourth Normal Form 4 NF?
Answer 06
Fourth Normal Form - 4NF is used

to decompose many non-trivial
multivalued
dependencies
into
individual non-trivial multivalued
dependencies that avoid redundant
data.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/RDBMS/Fourth_Normal_Form_4NF.php
Question 07
What is Fifth Normal Form 5 NF?
Answer 07
Fifth Normal Form - 5NF is used to

decompose semantically related
many
non-trivial
multivalued
dependencies into individual nontrivial multivalued dependencies that
avoid redundant data.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/RDBMS/Fifth_Normal_Form_5NF.php
De-normalization - Q and A
10
Question 08
What is De-normalization?
Answer 08
De-normalization is used to optimize

data processing while update or
retrieval
of
records.
Denormalization can be applied in four
different approaches
1.
Maintain Controlled Redundancy

Data in Parent Table itself.
2.
Maintain Derived and Calculation

Attributes in Separate Entity.
3.
Decompose Table Structure from

one Entity into many Entities.
4.
Decompose Records SET from

one Entity into many Entities.
Reference URL: http://www.dfpug.de/loseblattsammlung%5Conline/workshop/jim_booth/seite3.htm
11
Question 09
What is Horizontal De-normalization?
Answer 09
Decompose Table Structure from

one Entity into two or many different
Entities based on Business Unit
Process like Commercial and
Finance transaction.
12
Question 10
What is Vertical De-normalization?
Answer 10
Decompose Records SET from one

Entity into many sequence Entities
based on Range of Key, Group of
Business Unit, and Date of
Transaction.
13
Entity Relationship Model - Q and A
14
Question 11
What is Entity in E-R Model?
Answer 11
Entity, Relationship and Attribute are

Components of Entity Relationship
Model.
Entity is used to store Real (Person

/ Place / Thing) or Abstract (Concept
/ Event) Information in the
Database.
Entity is equivalent to Table in the

Relational Database.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/ERM/images/ERM_01_Entity.png
15
Question 12
What is Relationship in E-R Model?
Answer 12
Relationship
is
a
connection
between one or more entities in the
Data Model.
The interrelated entities must have

relevant information.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/ERM/Relationship.php
16
Question 13
What is Degree of Relationship?
Answer 13
The number of participating entity

types in a relationship is called
Degree of Relationship.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/ERM/Degree_Of_Relationship.php
17
Question 14
What is Binary Relationship?
Answer 14
A relationship of degree two is

called binary relationship.
For An instance, an I.T. Company is

formed with many Departments and
each Department is formed with
Employees.
18
Question 15
What is Ternary Relationships?
Answer 15
A relationship of degree three is

called ternary relationship.
The
Ternary
and
N-ary
Relationships should be redesign
into
to
multi-level
Binary
Relationship.
For An instance, an I.T. Company is

developed and maintaining many
Projects with many Tasks. Each
Task is assigned to one or many
Employees.
19
Question 16
What is Unary Relationship?
Answer 16
A relationship of degree one is

called recursive relationship.
In Recursive Relationship, one

instance of an entity (Employee) is
associated with another instance of
same entity (Employee).
20
Question 17
What is Connectivity and Cardinality?
Answer 17
The connectivity of a relationship

describes
the
mapping
of
associated entity instances in the
relationship.
The cardinality of a relationship is

the actual number of related
occurrences for each of the two
entities.
In E-R Modelling, we can design

data model with three different types
of connectivity and Cardinality
Relationships.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/ERM/Connectivity_And_Cardinality.php
21
Question 18
What is Associate Entity?
Answer 18
Relational Database does not

support Many-To-Many relationships
that happen frequently in the real
time Business Process Workflow. To
avoid this RDBMS limitation, we
need to define a Common Entity
and map the attributes into two or
more
different
entities.
This
Common Entity is called Associate
Entity.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/ERM/Associate_Entity_I_M_M.php
22
Question 19
What is Redundant Relationships?
Answer 19
Relationship between two entities

that is equivalent to another
Relationship between two entities
that
transitive
through
an
intermediate
entity
is
called
Redundant Relationships.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/ERM/Eliminate_Redundant_Relationships.php
23
Question 20
What is Identify Relationship?
Answer 20
An instance of a Child Entity is

identified through its association
with the Parent Entity is called
Identifying Relationship and one
instance of the Parent Entity is
related with one or more instances
of Child Entity. This kind of Child
Entity is called Weak Entity.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/ERM/Types_Of_Relationships.php
24
Question 21
What is Non-identify Relationship?
Answer 21
An instance of a Child Entity is

identified by itself and the Child
Entity is not identified through its
association with the Parent Entity is
called Non-Identifying Relationship
and one instance of the Parent
Entity is related with one or more
instances of Child Entity.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/ERM/Types_Of_Relationships.php
25
Question 22
What is Attribute in E-R Model?
Answer 22
Attribute is an element of an Entity.
Entity can design with one or more

related Data Attributes.
Attribute can categories into two

types that Identifier and Descriptor.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/ERM/Attribute.php
26
Question 23
What is Identifier Attribute?
Answer 23
Identifier Attribute is called Key

Attribute that specifies a unique
value in the Entity to identify an
instance of the transaction(s).
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/ERM/Identifier_Attribute.php
27
Question 24
What is Descriptor Attribute?
Answer 24
Descriptor Attribute is called NonKey Attribute that specifies a nonunique value in the Entity that
describes more information about
an instance of the transaction(s).
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/ERM/Descriptor_Attribute.php
28
Question 25
What is Conceptual Data Model?
Answer 25
Conceptual Data Model is a System

Analytical Tool in the Entity
Relationship Model that is used to
define a Business Process Flow
based on Business Information.
Conceptual Data Model helps to

identify and defines Business
Entities with Degree of Relationship,
Connectivity and Cardinality of
Relationships
and
Types
of
Relationships.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/ERM/Conceptual_Data_Model.php
29
Question 26
What is Logical Data Model?
Answer 26
Logical Data Model is a System

Analytical Tool in the Entity
Relationship Model that is used to
define a Business Process Flow and
Logical Database Structure with
Entities, Relationships, Attributes
and Domain Rules.
Logical Data Model is an extension

of Conceptual Data Model that helps
to design Physical Database
Structure.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/ERM/Conceptual_Data_Model.php
30
Question 26
What is Physical Data Model?
Answer 26
Physical Data Model is used to

define an Application's Database
Structure with Database Space,
Segment,
Block,
Partition,
Abbreviation,
Glossary,
Table,
Column, Domain Type, Domain
Size, Domain Constraint, Key
Constraint, Referential Integrity
Constraint,
Stored
Procedure,
Trigger, Function and Index Data
Objects.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/ERM/Physical_Data_Model.php
31
Question 27
What is Generalization Hierarchy?
Answer 27
A generalization hierarchy is an
Inheritance re-presentation method
that specifies common attribute of
multiple entities into generalized or
higher level entity type is called
Supertype Entity and the lower level
entity designed with unique attribute
of each entity is called Subtype
Entity.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/ERM/Generalization%20Hierarchies.php
32
Question 28
What is Supertype Entity?
Answer 28
The Supertype Entity is a generic

entity type that is related to one or
more Subtype Entities.
Supertype Entity defines common

characteristics attributes.
33
Question 29
What is Subtype Entity?
Answer 29
The Subtype Entity is a specific

entity type that is related to one
Supertype Entity.
Subtype Entity defines

characteristics attributes.
unique
34
Question 30
What is Overlapping Subtype Entity?
Answer 30
Overlapping Subtype Entity defines

non-unique characteristics attributes
and related with more than one
layer Supertype Entity.
35
Question 31
What is Disjoint Subtype Entity?
Answer 31
Disjoint Subtype Entity defines

unique characteristics attributes and
related with one Supertype Entity.
36
Question 32
Accountability of Data Architect?
Answer 32
Data Architecture helps
1.
To Optimize Business Process by

Feasibility Study.
2.
To Improve System Analytical

Process by Structured System
Analysis Method.
3.
To Transform Knowledge between

Non-technical and Technical Team.
4.
To Optimize
Structure.
Legacy
Database
5.
To
Re-engineering
Database Structure.
Legacy
37
Dimensional Data Model - Q and A
38
Question 33
What is Data Warehouse?
Answer 33
Data warehouse is a centralized

repository of Enterprise's Historical
and Operational Information that
helps to query and analyse
Enterprise Operation and to make
Management Decision.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/DDM/index.php
39
Question 34
What is Data Mart?
Answer 34
Data Mart is a subset of the Data

Warehouse that is based on
Subjective of Enterprise Business
Unit or Team.
Each Data Marts may or may not be

dependent or related to other Data
Marts in the Data Warehouse.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/DDM/Data_Marts.php
40
Question 35
What is W.H.Inmon Approach?
Answer 35
Inmon vision is a Data warehouse of

centralized repository for Corporate
Information Factory (CIF), which
provides a Logical Framework for
delivering Business Intelligence (BI)
and
Business
Management
Capabilities.
Inmon approach is called Top to

Bottom approach and it follows
Water Fall Software Development
Methodology.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/DDM/images/DDM_01_Inmon_Methodology.png
41
Question 36
What is Ralph Kimball Approach?
Answer 36
Ralph Kimball is a well-known

author of data warehouse system
concept
and
introduced
Dimensional Data Architecture
based on Fact and Dimension
Technique.
Kimball approach is called Bottom to

Top approach and it follows Spiral
Software
Development
Methodology.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/DDM/images/DDM_01_Inmon_Methodology.png
42
Question 37
What is Dimensional Data Model?
Answer 37
Dimensional Data Model is a

specialized adaptation of the
Relational Data Model that is used
to store and manage Enterprise
Historical
and
Transactional
Information in the Data Warehouse.
In dimensional data model, every

transaction data are decomposed
and
stored
in
FACT
and
Dimension data format. FACT
table contains Composite Primary
Key and Measurement data and
Dimension table contains Foreign
Key and Context data that refer the
FACT table.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/DDM/Dimensional_Data_Model.php
43
Question 38
What is Business Intelligence?
Answer 38
BI - Business Intelligence is an
Enterprise-aided Model that uses a
compilation of Process Analytical
Methods,
Data
Architecture
Methodologies, Technologies, and
Applications to get the Right
Information, to the Right Decision
Makers, at the Right Time.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/DDM/Business_Intelligence.php
44
Question 39
What is OLTP?
Answer 39
OLTP
Online
Transaction
Processing System is used to store
and
maintains
Business
Transactional Information in the
Database.
OLTP Database helps to generate

MIS
Transaction
Report
for
Management to know the status of
Business Transaction.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/DDM/OLTP_Vs_OLAP.php
45
Question 40
What is OLAP?
Answer 40
OLAP - Online Analytical Processing

System
helps to generate MIS
Analysis
Report
from
Data
warehouse by using CUBE. In
OLAP,
a
predefined
Multidimensional Data Structures is
called CUBE.
CUBE is used to organize and

summarize Data warehouse data
and it helps to generate Typical
Explorative Analysis Questions that
can be answered with little or no
querying of the Relational Database.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/DDM/OLTP_Vs_OLAP.php
46
Question 41
What is Data Mining?
Answer 41
Data Mining is an artificial

intelligence process to identify
uncovering hidden patterns from
data.
Data Mining is used in marketing,

surveillance, fraud detection and
scientific industries to discover
uncovering hidden patterns from
data.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/DDM/Data_Mining.php
47
Question 42
What is Data Hierarchy?
Answer 42
Data
Structure
represents
a
Systematic Organization of Data
that can form through collection of
interrelated Columns, Records and
Tables in Relational Database
Management System.
Data Hierarchy
represents a
Logical Top-To-Bottom Ordered
Structure of Record(s).
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/DDM/Data_Hierarhy.php
48
Question 43
What is FACT Table?
Answer 43
FACT Table is used to store

measurements, metrics or facts of a
business process in the Data
warehouse.
Fact table design should start with

declaration of grain. Grain is the
base business definition of Fact
table that determine measurement
of business event.
Granularity is an extent of
information
that
represents
particular transaction data in the
Fact table.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/DDM/FACT_Table.php
49
Question 44
What is Additive Fact?
Answer 44
Additive fact can summarize and

can be added across all dimensions
around fact table. Transaction level
fact table must be design with
Additive facts.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/DDM/Types_Of_Facts.php
50
Question 45
What is Semi-additive Fact?
Answer 45
Semi-additive fact can summarize

and can be added across few
dimensions around fact table.
Summarization level fact table must
be design with Semi-additive facts.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/DDM/Types_Of_Facts.php
51
Question 46
What is Non-additive Fact?
Answer 46
Unit
Price,
Profit
Margin,
Percentage and Ratio are Nonadditive fact that cannot be
summarized and added across all
dimensions around fact table.
Summarization level fact

optionally designed with
additive facts.
table
Non-
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/DDM/Types_Of_Facts_02.php
52
Question 47
What is Transaction Fact Table?
Answer 47
Transaction fact table is used to

record one row per transaction with
measures of particular business
event. Transaction fact table must
be designed with Additive facts.
Additive fact can summarize and
added across all dimensions around
fact table.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/DDM/Types_Of_Fact_Tables.php
53
Question 48
What is Periodic Fact Table?
Answer 48
Periodic fact table is used to record

one row for a group of transactions
with aggregated measures of
business events that happened over
a period of time.
Periodic fact table must be designed

with Semi-additive facts. Semiadditive fact can be summarized
and added across few dimensions
around fact table.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/DDM/Types_Of_Fact_Tables_01.php
54
Question 49
What is Accumulating Fact Table?
Answer 49
Accumulating fact table is used to

record one row for the entire lifetime
of transaction with measures of
business events that happened over
a period of time.
Accumulating fact table must be

designed with combination of
Additive facts with multiple date
keys that helps to track the lifetime
of business event.
Non-additive facts are optional in

this type of fact table.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/DDM/Types_Of_Fact_Tables_02.php
55
Question 50
What is Aggregate Fact Table?
Answer 50
Fact table might design with

transactional
level
facts
or
summarization level facts.
Aggregate FACT table must be

design with summarization level
facts. Summarization level facts are
used to store aggregated or
grouped or summed up data that is
based
on
certain
level
of
hierarchical data of dimension table.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/DDM/Aggregate_FACT.php
56
Question 51
What is Factless Fact Table?
Answer 51
Relational Database is to support

Binary and Unary relationship and
that does not support Ternary and
N-ary relationships.
Factless fact table is used to

capture many-to-many relationships
between fact and dimensions, but
contains no numeric or textual facts
that help to record events or
coverage information.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/DDM/Factless_FACT.php
57
Question 52
What is Event Factless Fact Table?
Answer 52
Event Factless fact table is used to

captures
many-to-many
relationships between fact and
dimensions, but no numeric or
textual facts.
The existence of the relationship

itself is the fact. Boolean data type
attribute should be added in this
factless table that helps to stores 1
or 0 data value.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/DDM/Factless_FACT.php
58
Question 53
What is Coverage Factless Fact Table?
Answer 53
Coverage Factless fact table is used

to
capture
many-to-many
relationships between fact and
dimensions, but no numeric or
textual facts.
The existence of the relationship

itself is the fact that helps to find out
non-existence event records.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/DDM/Factless_FACT_01.php
59
Question 54
What is Dimension Table?
Answer 54
Dimension Table is used to maintain

Hierarchy Textual Information of
business process that is integrated
with Fact Table in the Data
warehouse.
FACT Table is used to store

measurements, metrics or facts of a
business process in the Data
warehouse.
Grain is the base business definition

of Fact table that determine
measurement of business event.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/DDM/Dimension_Table.php
60
Question 55
What is Shared Dimension Table?
Answer 55
Shared Dimensions describes the

core set of dimensions that is
shared across the various cube
perspectives in a Data Mart.
These dimensions
allows the
measures in the cube to be
summarized according to the
different analytical questions.
Shared Dimensions are used to

maintain and provide consistent
information for similar queries.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/DDM/Dimension_Table.php
61
Question 56
What is Confirmed Dimension Table?
Answer 56
Conformed Dimension is described

as common structured dimension
that is shared across the various
FACT
tables
in
the
Data
Warehouse.
Conformed Dimensions are used to

avoid redundant data in the Data
Warehouse.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/DDM/Conformed_Dimension.php
62
Question 57
What is Role-Playing Dimension Table?
Answer 57
Role-Playing
Dimension
is
described as a common structured
dimension that appears more than
one time in the same Fact table.
Role-Playing Dimension is used to

avoid multiple SQL Query Joins that
helps to optimize SQL Query
Operation.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/DDM/Role_Playing_Dimension.php
63
Question 58
What is Slowly Changing Dimension
Table?
Answer 58
Slowly Changing Dimension is used

to maintain slowly changing data
rather than changing data on a timebased, regular schedule.
Slowly
Changing
Dimension
categories into SCD Type 01, SCD
Type 02, SCD Type 03 and Hybrid
SCD that based on data storage
technique.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/DDM/Slowly_Changing_Dimension.php
64
Question 59
What is SCD Type 01?
Answer 59
SCD Type 01 method is used to

overwrite old data with new data in
the Data warehouse.

correct mistake data in the Data
warehouse.
SCD Type 01 method doesn't

maintain historical data that is not
good idea to maintain Slowly
Changing Data in the Data
warehouse.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/DDM/Slowly_Changing_Dimension.php
65
Question 60
Answer 60

maintain Slowly Changing Unlimited
Historical Data through actual table
structure with new Version Number
or Effective Period like Start_Date
and End_Date attributes.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/DDM/Slowly_Changing_Dimension_01.php
66
Question 61
Answer 61

maintain Slowly Changing Limited
Historical Data through actual table
structure with new Effect Date and
Previous Data attributes.
67
Question 62
What is Hybrid SCD?
Answer 62
SCD Type 06 method is a

combination of SCD Type (1 + 2 +
3) approach that is used to maintain
Slowly Changing Unlimited and
Detailed Historical Data through
actual table structure with new
Effective Period of Start_Date,
End_Date
and
Current
Flag
attributes.
Ralph Kimball describes that Hybrid

SCD / SCD Type 06 is an
"Unpredictable
Changes
with
Single-Version Overlay". SCD Type
06 is advisable to maintain Historical
Detail Data in the Data Warehouse.
68
Question 63
What is Surrogate Key?
Answer 63
Surrogate Key is a System Key that

does not have any intelligence
information,
typically
database
generate
the
System
Key
information
with
internal
mechanism.
Slowly
Changing
Dimension Table must design with
Surrogate Key that helps to identify
unique record from multiple version
records.
The current version record can

retrieve through combination of
Surrogate Key + Primary Key +
MAX(Version
Number).
The
particular period historical records
can retrieve through combination of
Reference
URL:
Surrogate
Keyhttp://www.data-e-education.com/DDM/Surrogate_Key.php
+ Primary Key +
Start_Date AND End_Date.
69
Question 64
What is Junk Dimension Table?
Answer 64
Junk Dimension is used to record a

collection of low-cardinality Flags
and Indicators data.
Flag data may be non-generic

question's & answers like Yes/No or
True/False or Activate/Deactivate.
Indicator data may be Height, Width,

Weight, Color, Status and other tiny
text data.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/DDM/Junk_Degenerate_Dimension.php
70
Question 65
What is Degenerate Dimension Table?
Answer 65
Transaction Number or Document

Number is not a Fact and it is not an
Entity of Event to maintain in the
Dimension table.
Most of the time, Transaction

Number is a standalone attribute in
the Dimension table.
Every Transaction Number has one

to one relationship between Product
Code
or
Service
Code
measurement data in the Fact table.
Degenerate Dimension Concept
helps to eliminates standalone
Transaction Number attribute in
Dimension table and improve
databaseURL:
operation.
Reference
http://www.data-e-education.com/DDM/Junk_Degenerate_Dimension_01.php
71
Question 66
What is STAR Schema?
Answer 66
STAR Schema describes a logical

database
structure
of
Data
Warehouse or Data Mart.
STAR Schema can design with one

de-normalized FACT and one or
many shared Dimension table(s)
that looks like STAR.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/DDM/STAR_Schema.php
72
Question 67
What is Snowflake Schema?
Answer 67
Snowflake Schema
describes a
logical database structure of Data
Warehouse or Data Mart.
Snowflake Schema can design with

one de-normalized FACT and one or
many
normalized
Dimension
table(s).
Snowflake Schema is an extended

and normalized STAR Schema.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/DDM/Snowflake_Schema.php
73
Question 68
What is Fact Constellation Schema?
Answer 68
FACT Constellation Schema is

describes as a logical database
structure of Data Warehouse or
Data Mart.
FACT Constellation Schema can

design with collection of denormalized FACT, Shared and
Conformed Dimension tables.
FACT Constellation Schema is an

extended and decomposed STAR
Schema.
Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/DDM/images/DDM_20_Fact_Constellation_Schema.png
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Data Architect - Interview Q and A

Copyright 2014 Data-e-Education.com All Rights Reserved.

Presented By: Prem Nath R.K. Data Architect Consultant

This e-book describes Fundamental of Data Architectures Questions and Answers.

Presented By: Prem Nath R.K. Data Architect Consultant

Copyright 2014 Data-e-Education.com All Rights Reserved.

Presented By: Prem Nath R.K. Data Architect Consultant

E.F.Codd introduced Normal Form

Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/RDBMS/Database_Normalization.php

Copyright 2014 Data-e-Education.com All Rights Reserved.

Presented By: Prem Nath R.K. Data Architect Consultant

First Normal Form - 1NF is used to

Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/RDBMS/First_Normal_Form_1NF.php

Copyright 2014 Data-e-Education.com All Rights Reserved.

Presented By: Prem Nath R.K. Data Architect Consultant

Second Normal Form - Each 1NF

Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/RDBMS/Second_Normal_Form_2NF.php

Copyright 2014 Data-e-Education.com All Rights Reserved.

Presented By: Prem Nath R.K. Data Architect Consultant

Third Normal Form - 3NF is used to

Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/RDBMS/Third_Normal_Form_3NF.php

Copyright 2014 Data-e-Education.com All Rights Reserved.

Presented By: Prem Nath R.K. Data Architect Consultant

Boyce and Codd Normal Form BCNF is used to eliminate non-trivial

Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/RDBMS/Boyce_Codd_Normal_Form.php

Copyright 2014 Data-e-Education.com All Rights Reserved.

Presented By: Prem Nath R.K. Data Architect Consultant

Fourth Normal Form - 4NF is used

Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/RDBMS/Fourth_Normal_Form_4NF.php

Copyright 2014 Data-e-Education.com All Rights Reserved.

Presented By: Prem Nath R.K. Data Architect Consultant

Fifth Normal Form - 5NF is used to

Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/RDBMS/Fifth_Normal_Form_5NF.php

Copyright 2014 Data-e-Education.com All Rights Reserved.

Presented By: Prem Nath R.K. Data Architect Consultant

Copyright 2014 Data-e-Education.com All Rights Reserved.

Presented By: Prem Nath R.K. Data Architect Consultant

De-normalization is used to optimize

Maintain Controlled Redundancy

Maintain Derived and Calculation

Decompose Table Structure from

Decompose Records SET from

Reference URL: http://www.dfpug.de/loseblattsammlung%5Conline/workshop/jim_booth/seite3.htm

Copyright 2014 Data-e-Education.com All Rights Reserved.

Presented By: Prem Nath R.K. Data Architect Consultant

Decompose Table Structure from

Reference URL: http://www.dfpug.de/loseblattsammlung%5Conline/workshop/jim_booth/seite3.htm

Copyright 2014 Data-e-Education.com All Rights Reserved.

Presented By: Prem Nath R.K. Data Architect Consultant

Decompose Records SET from one

Reference URL: http://www.dfpug.de/loseblattsammlung%5Conline/workshop/jim_booth/seite3.htm

Copyright 2014 Data-e-Education.com All Rights Reserved.

Presented By: Prem Nath R.K. Data Architect Consultant

Entity Relationship Model - Q and A

Copyright 2014 Data-e-Education.com All Rights Reserved.

Presented By: Prem Nath R.K. Data Architect Consultant

Entity Relationship Model - Q and A

Entity, Relationship and Attribute are

Entity is used to store Real (Person

Entity is equivalent to Table in the

Reference URL: http://www.data-e-education.com/ERM/images/ERM_01_Entity.png

Copyright 2014 Data-e-Education.com All Rights Reserved.