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KS B 1326

Plain washers
KS B 1326 : 1980
(Confirmation in 2005)

Industrial Standards Deliberate Council. Deliberation

Amendment on December 24, 1980
Published by Korean Standards Association

2012-02-20, () .

List
Name

Place of Work

Position

(Chairman)
(Committee)

Legislator: Administrator Agency for Technology and Standards

Establishment: October 20, 1971 Revision: December 24, 1980
Confirmation: December28,2005 Agency for Technology and Standards Notification No.2005-1008
Draft cooperator: Machine Basis Element 2nd Part of Industrial standards deliberate council
Deliberate council: Machine Basis Element 2nd Part of Industrial standards deliberate council (Chairman: YOU Bong-Hwan)
Call Agency for Technology and Standards Agency for construction service department (02- 509- 7402) for any comments
or inquiries regarding these standards.
Furthermore, under the provision of the industry standard law article number 7 the Korean Industrial Standard is checked,
amendment or abolished by the deliberate council of general industry every 5 years.

2012-02-20, () .

Korean Industrial Standard

KS B 1326 : 1980
Plain washers

1 Scope
This standard text defines circular plain washers (1) (hereinafter referred to as circular washers) made of steel,
stainless steel and brass or squared plain washers (1) (hereinafter referred to as angular washers) used for normal
bolts, nuts and small threads. However, washers for wooden construction use are excluded.
Note (1) The term washers refers to circular washers and angular washers both.
2 Normative references
Respective standards of this standard text are as follows.
KS B 0161

Definition of surface roughness and display

KS B 1002

Hexagon bolts

KS B 1004

Square head bolts

KS B 1012

Hexagon nuts

KS B 1013

Square head nuts

KS B 1021

Slotted head screws

KS B 1023

Cross-recessed head machine screws

KS D 2301

Copper billets and cakes

KS D 3501

Hot-rolled mild steel plates and strip

KS D 3503

Rolled steel strip for normal structural use

KS D 3512

Cold rolled stainless steel plates and strip

KS D 3752

Carbon steel for machine structural use

KS D 5505

Brass sheets

KS D 5513

Brass tapes

KS D 6701

Aluminium and aluminium alloy sheets and plates, strips and coiled sheets

3 Types
As shown in Table 1, the type of circular washers is classified by the size and surface condition, while that of angular
washers is classified by the size.

2012-02-20, () .

KS B 1326 : 1980

Table 1
Washers

Types

Application screw parts

KS B 1021: pan, round, flat, round-flat headed small threads

Small circle

KS B 1023: pan, round headed small threads

KS B 1002, KS B 1012: small hexagon bolts, small hexagon nuts
KS B 1023: small threads for truss or binding

Circular washers
Glossy circle

Normal circle
Small square

Angular washers

Large square

KS B 1002, KS B 1012: hexagon bolts, hexagon nuts of the high or

medium finishing quality
KS B 1002, KS B 1012: hexagon bolts, hexagon nuts of the normal
finishing quality
KS B 1002, KS B 1012, KS B 1004, KS B1013: hexagon bolts & nuts,
square bolts & nuts of the normal finishing quality. Also big square bolts &
nuts are used for wooden joint

4 Hardness
4.1 Hardness of steel washers
Hardness of steel washers is classified into three categories as shown in Table 2, and its applications are suggested
in Table 3.
Table 2
Classification of
hardness (2)

Hardness (3)
Vickers hardness

Rockwell hardness

Min

Max

Min

Max

10 H

HV 100

HRB 57

14 H

HV 140

HV 220

HRB 75

HRB 95

22 H

HV 220

HV 300

HRB 95

HRC 29

Note ( )

Symbol for hardness classification is expressed as 1/10 of figures of Vickers

hardness (min) plus H representing hardness.

( ) Hardness can be either Vickers hardness or Rockwell hardness.

Table 3
Classification of
hardness

Classification of washers applied

10 H
14 H
22 H

Angular washers
Circular washers

Reference
Small threads applied (4)
4.6, 4.8, 4T
4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 5.8, 6.6,
6.8, 4T, 5T, 6T
8.8, 10.9, 7T

Note ( ) Strength classification of bolts and small threads is based on KS B 0233. Washers for the
strength classification 12.9 are not regulated. However, if such a regulation is required, the
hardness equivalent to plain washers defined by KS B 1010 may apply.

2012-02-20, () .

KS B 1326 : 1980

4.2 Hardness of non-steel washers

Hardness of non-steel washers (the small circle & the glossy circle of stainless steel or brass) is suggested in Table 4.
Table 4
Types

Material classification

Vickers hardness

Stainless steel

Above HV 120

Brass

Above HV 65

Small circle or glossy circle

5 Shapes and sizes

The shapes and sizes of washers are as follows.
Table 5
Classification

Shapes and sizes

Range of diameter (mm)

Small circle

Appendix Table 1

1 39

Glossy circle

Appendix Table 2

2 80

Normal circle

Appendix Table 3

6 150

Small square

Appendix Table 4

Large square

6 27
6 52

6 Bending or offcenter of holes

The bending of washers and the offcenter of holes are as follows.
(1) Bending Bending of circular washers is based on Appendix Table 1 3.
(2) Offcenter of holes Offcenter of holes of circular washers or angular washers is suggested in Appendix Table 1 -4.
7 Appearance
With the surface roughness being in accordance with the rules of Appendix Table 1 -4, the outside appearances of
washers must not have quenching rupture, cracks, harmful marks, rust, steel residues and other defects.
8 Materials
Washers materials are principally based on Table 6.

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KS B 1326 : 1980

Table 6
Materials

Classification

Types of materials

Application standard
KS D 3503

Steel

KS D 3512
KS D 3752
KS D 3698

Small circle, glossy circle

Stainless steel

KS D 3700
KS D 3705
KS D 5505: type 1, type 2, A B, type 3

Brass

KS D 5513: type 1, type 2, A B, type 3

KS D 3503

Normal circle Small square

Large square

Steel

KS D 3501
KS D 3752

9 Surface treatment
Surface treatment is not done on washers. Special plating or other surface treatment can be done, but subject to an
orderers instruction.
10 Test & measurement method
10.1 Hardness test
Washers hardness is tested on the plain areas of washers in accordance with the rules of KS B 0811 or KS B 0806.
10.2 Bending measurement method
For the bending measurement, a washer is placed on a surface plate. The height (H) in Figure 1 is measured by
using a height gage or other measurement equipment. Such a height (H) is subtracted from the measured width of
the washer (T). The value (H-T) is the bending of the washer (C).

Washer

Surface plate

Figure 1
Also, it must be stably placed on the surface plate. H is the maximum height and T is the thickness around the
highest location.
Remark 1 The surface place used must meet the specifications defined by KS B 5254 or something with the
similar level of precision.
2 The height gage used must meet the specification of KS B 5233.

2012-02-20, () .

KS B 1326 : 1980

10.3 Measurement method for the offcenter of holes

For the measurement of the offcenter of holes, vernier calipers or other measurement equipments are used. As
shown in Figure 2, a, b is measured and the subtraction (a-b) equals the offcenter of holes. a and b for circular
washers or angular washers are the maximum or the minimum values of eccentricity.
Remark Vernier calipers used is in accordance with the rules of KS B 5203.

Figure 2
11 Inspection
Inspections for washers are as follows. However, sampling for the lot inspection is subject to the agreement between
parties.
(1) Hardness inspection

When hardness inspection is done in accordance with the rules of 9.1, the result must

meet the regulations of 3. Either Vickers hardness or Rockwell hardness can be chosen for the hardness test,
unless the agreement between parties specifies others.
(2) Inspection for shapes and sizes

Based on the rules of 4., inspection for shapes and sizes is done through

the limit gauge, direct measurement and etc.

(3) Bending inspection When being done based on the rules of 9.2, bending inspection must meet the regulations
of 5.(1)
(4) Inspection for the offcenter of holes

When the inspection is done in accordance with the rules of 9.3, the

result must meet the regulations of 5.(2).

(5) Inspection for appearances

The appearances of washers are done through inspectors eyes according to

the rules of 6. The surface roughness is tested by using the surface roughness measuring instrument, the surface
roughness standard machine or other appropriate methods.
Remark The surface roughness standard machine used meets (or exceeds) the precision level defined by KS B
0507 with the precision level of the surface roughness measuring instrument meeting (or exceeding) that
of KS B 0501.
12 Naming products
How to name washers depends on standard number or standard name, type, sizes, diameter, hardness
classification, materials and instructions (5). For steel washers, materials are excluded from the names, while
hardness classification is excluded from the names of non-steel washers.
Note (5) Instructions display types of surface treatment, chamfering and thickness, if necessary. If the major
diameter and thickness (t) are instructed, the value is expressed as diameter x the major diameter x t.

2012-02-20, () .

KS B 1326 : 1980

Example KS B 1326

Small circle

KS B 1326

Glossy circle

12

-22H

Major diameter

Plain washer

Large square

16X6

-10H

Chamfering

Plain washer

Normal circle

10X28X2.5

-14H

(Standard number

(Type)

or standard name)

(Diameter x
major diameter x

Nickel plating

(Hardness

(Materials)

(Instructions)

classification)

width)
13 Display
The packaging must contain the following contents.
(1) Name
(2) Type
(3) Diameter
(4) Hardness classification (for steel washers)
(5) Materials (6)
(6) Instructions
(7) Quantity
(8) Name of manufacturer or symbol
Note (6) Material displays are done for washers of stainless steel or brass. In principal, washers of steel are not
required to display materials used. General names can be used for displaying materials.

2012-02-20, () .

KS B 1326 : 1980

Appendix Table 1 Small circle

Offcenter of holes (a - b)

bending (c)

unit : mm
d
diameter

standard
sizes

1.1

D
limits of
sizes

standard
sizes
2.5

a-b
limits of
sizes

maximum

0
-0.25

0.2

t
standard
sizes

1.2

1.3

2.8

1.5

1.6

1.7

3.8

0.3

*(1.7)

1.8

3.8

0.3

2.2

4.3

0.3

(2.2)

2.4

4.6

*(2.3)

2.5

4.6

2.5

2.7

0.5

*(2.6)

2.8

0.5

3.2

0.5

(3.5)

3.7

0.5

4.3

(4.5)

4.8

+0.2
0

8
9

0
-0.3

0
-0.35

0.24

0.3

0.8

6.4

8.4

10

10.5

12

13

(14)

15

16

17

28

(18)

19

30

20

21

34

(22)

23

18
+0.3
0

+0.35
0

37

24

25

(27)

28

44

30

31

50

(33)

34

36

37

(39)

40

+0.4
0

39

56
60
66

0.1

0.1

1
0
-0.4

1.6
0.36

1.6
2

21
24

0.05

0.8

15.5

0.05

0.5

5.3

10

0.04

0.5

5( )

11.5

maximum

0.3
0.3

+0.25
0

limits of
sizes

0.3

(1.4)

+0.15
0

2.5
0
-0.5

0
-0.6

0.42

2.5

0.15
0.2
0.25

3
0.3
0.3

3
0.5

0.2

4
4

0.4

4
0
-0.8

5
0.6

5
6

0.5

0.4

0.6

2012-02-20, () .

KS B 1326 : 1980

Note (7) Small circle with the diameter of 5 is the same as glossy circle.
Remark 1 Diameters in the above table correspond to those of metric screw threads.
2 The diameters with mark ( ) are not used if possible.
The diameters with * mark are based on KS B 0201, which are to be abolished. Therefore, it is
recommended that such diameters not to be used for new machines.
3 Standard sizes of the inner diameter (d) correspond to the diameter of bolt holes (class 1) of KS B 1007.
4 Surface roughness in the above figure is in accordance with KS B 0161.
5 The inner diameter (d) and the major diameter (D) may include taper due to blanking. However, taper (t)
must be less than 18 % of the standard size of the thickness.

0.09t below

0.09t below

Taper due to blanking

6 The inner diameter (d) for the diameter of 1.6, 2.2 or 2.5 may be the same as that for the diameter of 1.7,
2.3 or 2.6 in line with an agreement between parties.
7 Standard sizes of the sheet thickness (t) for the diameter of 16 22 may be 3.2 mm in line with an
agreement between parties.
8

If bigger washers than the above figures are required, the glossy circle figures of Appendix Table
2 may be referred to.

Reference 1 Standard sizes of d, D or t for the diameter of above 8 correspond to fine series or small figures of
ISO R 887.
2 Offcenter of holes (a-b) follows IT 12 x 2 based on the major diameter (D), and IT 12 is in accordance
with IT basic tolerances (class 12) of KS B 0401.
3 Bending figures (c) are based on grade A of Flatness defined in ISO 4759/.

2012-02-20, () .

KS B 1326 : 1980

Appendix Table 2 Glossy Circle

Offcenter of holes (a - b)

d
Diameter

Standard
sizes

2.2

(2.2)
*(2.3)
2.5
*(2.6)
3
(3.5)
4
(4.5)
5 (7)
6
8
10
12
(14)
16
(18)
20
(22)
24
(27)
30
(33)
36
(39)
42
(45)
48
(52)
56
(60)
64
(68)
72
(76)

2.4
2.5
2.7
2.8
3.2
3.7
4.3
4.8
5.3
6.4
8.4
10.5
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
28
31
34
37
40
43
46
50
54
58
62
66
70
74
78

80

82

D
Limits of
sizes

Standard
sizes
5

+0.15
0

+0.2
0
+0.25
0
+0.3
0

+0.35
0

+0.4
0

+0.5
0

+0.55
0

6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
7
9
9
10
10
12.5
17
21
24
28
30
34
37
39
44
50
56
60
66
72
78
85
92
98
105
110
115
120
125
135
140

Bending (c)

a-b
Limits of
sizes
-0
-0.3

0
-0.35

0
-0.4
0
-0.5

0
-0.6

unit : mm
c

Maximum

Standard
sizes

Limits of
sizes

0.24

0.3

0.04

0.3

0.36

0.42

0.5

0
-0.8

0.6

0
-1

0.7

0
-1.2

0.8

0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.8
0.8
1
1.6
1.6
2
2.5
2.5
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
5
5
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
9
10
10
10

Maximum

0.05
0.05

0.1

0.1

0.15
0.2

0.2

0.25

0.3
0.3
0.4
0.5

0.4

0.6

0.7
0.6

12

2012-02-20, () .

KS B 1326 : 1980

Note (7) Small circle with the diameter of 5 is the same as glossy circle.
Remark 1 Diameters in the above table correspond to those of metric screw threads.
2 The diameters with mark ( ) are not used if possible.
The diameters with * mark are based on KS B 0201, which are to be abolished. Therefore, it is
recommended that such diameters not to be used for new machines.
3 Standard sizes of the inner diameter (d) correspond to the diameter of bolt holes (class 1) of KS B 1007.
4 Surface roughness in the above figure is in accordance with KS B 0161.
5 The inner diameter (d) and the major diameter (D) may include taper due to blanking. However, taper (t)
must be less than 18 % of the standard size of the thickness.

0.09t below

0.09t below

Taper due to blanking

6 The inner diameter (d) for the diameter of 2.2 or 2.5 may be the same as that for the diameter of 2.3 or
2.6 in line with an agreement between parties.
7 Standard sizes of the sheet thickness (t) for the diameter of 16 22 may be 3.2 mm in line with an
agreement between parties.
8

Chamfering for the outer circle can be instructed if necessary. In this case, the size of chamfering
(e) is as follows if specified otherwise.

About 45

e minimum value=( standard value of t ) x 0.25

e maximum value=( standard value of t) x 0.5

Reference 1 If washers with the large major diameter are needed, D on top of step 1 -3 or its respective t can be
used.
2 Standard sizes of d, D or t for the diameter of above 8 correspond to fine series or normal figures of
ISO R 887.
3 Offcenter of holes (a-b) follows IT 12 x 2 based on the major diameter (D), and IT 12 is in accordance
with IT basic tolerances (class 12) of KS B 0401.
4 Bending figures (c) are based on grade A of Flatness defined in ISO 4759/.

10

2012-02-20, () .

KS B 1326 : 1980

Appendix Table 3 Normal Circle

Offcenter of holes (a - b)

Bending (c)

unit : mm
d
Diameter
6
8
10
12
(14)
16
(18)
20
(22)
24
(27)
30
(33)
36
(39)
42
(45)
48
(52)
56
(60)
64
(68)
72
(76)
80
(85)
90
(95)
100
(105)
110
(115)
(120)
125
(130)
140
(150)

Standard
sizes
6.6
9
11
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
52
56
62
66
70
74
78
82
86
91
96
101
107
112
117
122
127
132
137
147
158

D
Limits of
sizes
+0.6
0
+0.7
0

+0.8
0

+1
0

+1.2
0

+1.4
0

+1.6
0

Standard
sizes
1.25
17
21
24
28
30
34
37
39
44
50
56
60
66
72
78
85
92
98
105
110
115
120
125
135
140
145
160
165
175
180
185
200
210
220
230
24
250

a-b
Limits of
sizes
0
-0.7
0
-0.8

0
-1

0
-1.2

0
-1.4

0
-1.6

0
-1.8

Maximum
0.86

1.04

1.24

1.48

1.74

2.3

t
Standard
sizes
1.6
1.6
2
2.3
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
4.5
4.5
4.5
6
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
9
10
10
10
12
12
12
12
14
14
14
14
16
16
16
18
18

c
Limits of
sizes

Maximum

0.2
0.25
0.3

0.4

0.4

0.6

0.5
0.8

0.7

1.2

2
1.4

1.6

11

2012-02-20, () .

KS B 1326 : 1980

Remark 1 Diameters in the above table correspond to those of metric screw threads.
2 The diameters with mark ( ) are not used if possible.
3 Standard sizes of the inner diameter (d) correspond to the diameter of bolt holes (class 2) of KS B 1007.
4 Surface roughness in the above figure is in accordance with KS B 0161.
5 The inner diameter (d) and the major diameter (D) may include taper due to blanking. However, taper (t)
must be less than 18 % of the standard size of the thickness.

0.09t below

0.09t below

Taper due to blanking

Reference 1 If washers with the large major diameter are needed, D on top of step 1 -3 or its respective t can be
used.
2 Standard sizes of d, D or t for the diameter of above 8 correspond to medium series or normal figures
of ISO R 887.
3 Offcenter of holes figures (a-b) follows IT 14 x 2 based on the major diameter (D), and IT 14 is in
accordance with IT basic tolerances (class 14) of KS B 0401.
4 Bending figures (c) are two times those of glossy circle.

12

2012-02-20, () .

KS B 1326 : 1980

Appendix Table 4

Small square or large square

Offcenter of holes (a - b)

unit : mm
Diameter
d
D
a-b
t
D
a-b
t
standard Standard Limits Standard Limits of Standard Limits of
Standard Limits of
Standard Limits
Maximum
Maximum
sizes
sizes of sizes sizes
sizes
sizes
sizes
sizes
sizes
sizes of sizes

6
8
10
12
(14)
16
(18)
20
(22)
24
(27)
30
(33)
36
(39)
42
(45)
48
(52)

6.6
9
11
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
52
56

+0.6
0
+0.7
0

+0.8
0

+1
0
+1.5
0
+2
0

17
23
28
35
40
45
52
56
64
68
73
-

0
-1.1
0
-1.3

0.86
1.04

0
-1.6

1.24

0
-1.9

1.48

1.2
1.6
1.6
2.3
3.2
3.2
4.5
4.5
4.5
6
6
-

20
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.7

26
32
40
44
52
55
62
68
72
80
90
100
110
115
120
130
140
150

0
-1.3

1.04

0
-1.6

1.24

0
-1.9

1.48

0
-2.2

1.74

0
-2.5

2.3
2.3
2.3
3.2
3.2
4.5
4.5
6
6
6
6
6
8
8
8
8
9
12
12

0.3

0.4
0.5

0.7

Remark 1 Diameters in the above table correspond to those of metric screw threads.
2 The diameters with mark ( ) are not used if possible.
3 Standard sizes of the inner diameter (d) correspond to the diameter of bolt holes (class 2) of KS B 1007.
4 Surface roughness in the above figure is in accordance with KS B 0161.
5 The inner diameter (d) and the major diameter (D) may include taper due to blanking. However, taper (t)
must be less than 18 % of the standard size of the thickness (refer to the below figure).
0.09t below

0.09t below

Taper due to blanking

6 If thick washers are required, t on top of step 1 may be used in line with an agreement between parties.
7 It is recommended that large squares to be used for wooden joint.
Reference Offcenter of holes (a-b) follows IT 14 x 2 based on the width (D), and IT 14 is in accordance with IT
basic tolerances (class 14) of KS B 0401.
13

2012-02-20, () .

KS B 1326 : 1980

KS B 1326 : 1980
(Confirmation in 2005)

KSKSKS
SKSKS
KSKS
SKS
KS
SKS
KSKS
SKSKS
KSKSKS
Plain washers

Korean Agency for Technology and Standards

http://www.kats.go.kr

14

2012-02-20, () .