Hydrophobic and hydrophilic forces are interactions that serve to keep chemical

groups positioned close to one another. Hydrophobic is water-repelling and Hydrophilic is

water-loving.
Hydrophobic interactions are created because of the uncharged nature of the involved
chemical groups. An example of such a chemical group is CH3. All the bonds around the
carbon atom are occupied. The chemical group is described as being non-polar. Thus, a water
moleculea polar moleculeis unable to establish an association with the non-polar
chemical group. This tends to create instability in the network of water molecules, and so is
undesirable. The repulsive force of the surrounding water molecules acts to force
hydrophobic regions into an association with like regions. The effect tends to be the
formation of a hydrophobic "pocket" or "envelope" in a protein or a carbohydrate molecule or
matrix. How soap works is a good explanation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic. There two
ends on a molecule of soap. One of them is hydrophilic end and that end loves the water but
keeps away from hydrocarbons, (A molecule that only contain hydrogen and carbons), and
the oils and fats. The other part is hydrophobic and keeps away from the water but grabs on
to the dirt and oil, etc. Then the oil and fats, etc. can be easily washed away. Hydrophilic
interactions are possible with polar chemical group. Water is polar because oxygen is far
more electronegative than hydrogen and thus the electrons involved in an oxygen-hydrogen
bond spend more time in proximity to the oxygen atom. Because of this unequal electron
sharing, the oxygen atom takes on a partial negative charge and the hydrogen atom a partial
positive charge. In addition, the bonds in a water molecule cancel each other out. Other polar
groups can then form ionic type bonds with water.

Some examples of Hydrophilic are water, milk, soap, wool, hair, and cellulose (the
main constituent of paper, wood, and cotton). Some of the examples of Hydrophobic are oil,
waxes, fats, all fatty acids, and the hydrophobic end of the soap.

Surfactants, or surface active agents, are amphiphilic molecules that contain a polar
head group and a nonpolar tail group, as shown in Figure 1. The hydrophobic group is
typically a linear or branched alkyl chain while the head group of the surfactant molecule can
be either a nonionic, cationic, or anionic group. Because of the distinct differences between
these regions of the molecule, surfactants like to reside at interfaces.

The structure of a surfactant molecule has two distinct parts. The hydrophilic head is
polar and likes to come into contact with an aqueous phase. The hydrophobic tail is nonpolar
and resists interactions with an aqueous phase.

Reference
1. http://www.nnin.org/education-training/k-12-teachers/nanotechnologycurriculum-materials/water-race-hydrophobic-0
2. https://researchthetopic.wikispaces.com/The+difference+between+hydrophobi
c+and+hydrophilic+Part+2
3. http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3409800286.html
4. http://www.che.ufl.edu/unit-ops-lab/experiments/Micelles/Micellesmanual2014.pdf