Influence of near wake modeling on prediction of

energy yield and dynamic loading in wind farms

Juan-Jos Trujillo

SWE

Endowed Chair of Wind Energy

Institute of Aircraft Design

University of Stuttgart

J.J. Trujillo, IEA Annex XXIII Subtask 1 workshop , Dec. 12-13 2005, Roskilde

PhD research at SWE

Dynamic loading of wind turbines in wake operation
Wind farm model

Wind simulator + aeroelastic model

Wind speed and turbulence

Fatigue loads

SWE

Endowed Chair of Wind Energy

Institute of Aircraft Design

University of Stuttgart

J.J. Trujillo, IEA Annex XXIII Subtask 1 workshop , Dec. 12-13 2005, Roskilde

Simulation approach
Windfarm

Turbine

Windfarm model
e.g. FLaP
Stationary field
averaged
wind speed
turbulence

Wind field
generator
Wind field
Aeroelastisches Modell
e.g. FLEX5

Energy
yield

Fatigue loads

Goals

Research model for dynamical loading simulation of wind turbines in

wind farms by linking of wind farm model and wind simulator
Development of an engineering model for industrial application

SWE

Endowed Chair of Wind Energy

Institute of Aircraft Design

University of Stuttgart

J.J. Trujillo, IEA Annex XXIII Subtask 1 workshop , Dec. 12-13 2005, Roskilde

Wind farm models

Single wake superposition

Empirical

PARK

Needs feedback

Jensen

Physical
more accurate

Windspeed

Simplified CFD
far wake
Ainslie

SWE

Endowed Chair of Wind Energy

Institute of Aircraft Design

Windspeed
and turbulence
profiles

University of Stuttgart

J.J. Trujillo, IEA Annex XXIII Subtask 1 workshop , Dec. 12-13 2005, Roskilde

Wind turbine wake

Near wake

Far wake

Mean wind speed

Turbulence intensity

SWE

Endowed Chair of Wind Energy

Institute of Aircraft Design

University of Stuttgart

J.J. Trujillo, IEA Annex XXIII Subtask 1 workshop , Dec. 12-13 2005, Roskilde

Simplified RANS simulation of single wake

Ainslie model
Far wake

Near wake is excluded

Axisymmetrical wake
Simplified RANS
Turbulence
eddy viscosity
Filter

Initial condition

Wind speed deficit at 2D

Bell shaped

Central deficit and width depend on

thrust coefficient and turbulence

uo ,c = CT

SWE

(16CT 0,5)I
0,05
10

Endowed Chair of Wind Energy

Institute of Aircraft Design

Turbulence filter

2D < x < 5.5D

Empirical model
University of Stuttgart

J.J. Trujillo, IEA Annex XXIII Subtask 1 workshop , Dec. 12-13 2005, Roskilde

Offshore near wake measurements

1.4D
2D Ainslie
2.5D

Vindeby

Vertical profiles measured with

SODAR
Persistent wake for particular
atmospheric conditions

Ainslie

SWE

Endowed Chair of Wind Energy

Institute of Aircraft Design

Underestimates near wake length

Differences in velocity profile shape

Turbulence profile is more persistent

University of Stuttgart

J.J. Trujillo, IEA Annex XXIII Subtask 1 workshop , Dec. 12-13 2005, Roskilde

Relevant issues for Annex XXIII Subtask 1

on near wake modeling

Effects on energy yield and loading calculation

Probability of occurrence of persistent wakes ?

Validity of initial condition for wake model (e.g. Ainslie) for

multi MW-class turbines and offshore
Near wake length
Wind speed deficit
Turbulence intensity filter

SWE

Endowed Chair of Wind Energy

Institute of Aircraft Design

University of Stuttgart

J.J. Trujillo, IEA Annex XXIII Subtask 1 workshop , Dec. 12-13 2005, Roskilde

Work at SWE
First steps

Near wake measurements in multi MWclass wind turbines

Validation of initial conditions for Ainslie
wake model

Midterm

Development of a simulation method for

dynamic loading of wind turbines in wakes
by use of a wind farm model, wind field
simulator and aeroelastic simulation

SWE

Endowed Chair of Wind Energy

Institute of Aircraft Design

Mulltibrid
measurements
in cooperation
with DEWI &
MEG
University of Stuttgart

J.J. Trujillo, IEA Annex XXIII Subtask 1 workshop , Dec. 12-13 2005, Roskilde

Conclusions

PhD on linking wind farm models and aeroelastic simulations

Ainslie wake model applicable in offshore energy and loading

calculations because of its accuracy and speed

Need validation of near wake modeling offshore

Improvements will benefit the accuracy of both energy and

loading calculation offshore

SWE

Endowed Chair of Wind Energy

Institute of Aircraft Design

University of Stuttgart

10

J.J. Trujillo, IEA Annex XXIII Subtask 1 workshop , Dec. 12-13 2005, Roskilde

Wind farm power modeling

Onshore wind farm

Germany
34 Turbines of 650 kW
10min average time
series
~ 1 year

SWE

Endowed Chair of Wind Energy

Institute of Aircraft Design

University of Stuttgart

11

12

J.J. Trujillo, IEA Annex XXIII Subtask 1 workshop , Dec. 12-13 2005, Roskilde

Mean error comparison

MeanError =

Ainslie

1
N

(P

meas ,i

Pmod,i )
Park

Acknowledgement
Research performed at ForWind Oldenburg University with Overspeed. Results presented at EUROMECH
Colloquium 464b Wind Energy, Oldenburg, October 2005

SWE

Endowed Chair of Wind Energy

Institute of Aircraft Design

University of Stuttgart