Faculty of Law Sciences

School of International Studies

Advanced English Composition

Anne Carr

Modern Slavery in the World

Paula C. Ortega R.

Cuenca
2015-2016

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Table of Contents
Abstract......................................................................................................................1
Introduction................................................................................................................2
Current Situation........................................................................................................2
Problem......................................................................................................................3
Causes.......................................................................................................................3
Recommendations.....................................................................................................4
Conclusion.................................................................................................................5
Bibliography...............................................................................................................5

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Abstract
Modern Slavery has been in existence since the beginning of the civilization. In the
last decade this business has been constantly increasing and embracing every
country around the world. This is the reason why governments and NGOs are
really concerned and working together to establish new relations to end the abuse
against human rights. This proposal will analyze the causes, consequences and
offer some recommendations to end with slavery. In order to achieve all the
Knowledge and to understand what are the real causes and real aspects that are
involved in this cruel business, an internet research focusing on official pages of
the UN, NGOs, and some other government organizations has been made. This
investigation concluded that the profitability of the business, the inefficient
governments, and the lack of education that creates poverty are the main reasons
why this business is continue growing. If modern slavery continues to expand
globally, it would create a world with people without rights, without a voice. People
with fear of thinking by themselves and afraid of having a real life. People will live
without Liberty.

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Introduction
What light is to the eyes- what air is to the laughs- what love is to the heart, liberty
is to the soul of the man Robert Frost.
If you were a slave, what would you give in exchange for your freedom? Modern
Slavery has been in existence since the beginning of society, to be in this type of
slavery, you have to be in: Bonded Labor, Human Trafficking, Forced Labor,
Descent Based Slavery and Forced Marriage (Anti-Slavery International). Even
though slavery is prohibited in The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
established in 1948 by the UN, which states that no one shall be held in slavery or
servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms (The
Universal Proclamation of Human Rights), it continues growing. For me liberty is
the main fact that can keep a person alive. If we cannot have freedom, then we
should not have anything to live for. That is why I choose this topic, because I want
people to know and most importantly to help all these victims whose voices have
been shut down.

Current Situation
When her family arranged for her to marry a man living in the UK, she hoped to
find a better life. Instead she found rape and abuse. Serena from Uganda, was
only 15 when she arrived and was met by her new husband at the airport. She was
disappointed to see that he was much older than herself. On their first night
together, he forced himself on her and from that point on, she was raped on a daily
basis. It soon became clear that this was not the marriage that her parents or she
had hoped for. Her trafficker kept Serena a prisoner in a flat. Groups of men and
women arrived, money would exchange hands and she would be forced to have
sex with them. After a number of years, she eventually found the courage and
opportunity to escape (Help Free the UK from Modern Slavery). On the one hand,
people consider this Modern Slavery business a negative aspect in society

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because it is violating the rights of liberty, freedom, living in good conditions, well
payments, etc. On the other hand, where Modern Slavery can be praised because
it is actually giving places to work and this business also increase the economy of
some countries.

Problem
Modern slavery has been constantly increasing. The culture of slavery has always
been in existence. Every ancient civilization used slaves because they found out
that is more profitable not to pay for their work, so kings or emperors established
the well-known social stratification. An example is the Egyptian civilization, also the
Greeks or even the Babylonians whose first idea was that some were people born
inferior than others. The real beginning of slavery started in the 18 th century when
there was the existence of the triangular trade which involves the three continents:
Europe to Africa, and then to America. They did not just exchange products but
also people. The abolition of slavery in the United States known as the
Emancipation Proclamation in 1862 was the beginning of new ideas that developed
against Slavery, not just for African slaves but for everyone. The emancipation
proclamation was a complete advance to the real abolition of slavery, even though
in 1963, Martin Luther King fought again. In his speech of freedom in Washington
D.C in front of a big crowd he said: I have a dream to see this world together and
free. This is the time where real freedom started (Hsitory of Our Wolrd). In 1995,
the UN established the idea of Modern Slavery and they settled the first official
international index, which was an estimate of 10million people whose rights have
been violated (Orange Movement). Currently, 10million victims have increased to
38.9million slaves just in 20 years (The Walk Free Foundation). Even though a lot
of people have been fighting against this social problem, it continues growing.

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Causes
There are important causes that contribute to the growth of Modern slavery. First;
Modern slavery is cheap and profitable. The International Labor Organization
(ILO), released a report that demonstrates that Slavery profits 150million dollars
every year and they made a comparison between the industries of BIG oil and with
the U.S. banking that represents each of them 120dollars and 130dollars
respectively (United Nations). This business is profitable because it is not
necessary to pay workers, they worked by being convinced or simply by being
abducted. The next two causes are due to a chain of events that involves
government corruption and poverty. Government corruption; in some countries like:
Mauritius, Pakistan and Haiti; which are the hot spots with slavery, 100million
dollars are part of the government budget and it all came from this slavery (United
Nations). Some industries like sugar cane or cotton use a 60% of slaves to do their
job because it is cheaper than paying real workers (The Walk Free
Foundation).Despite the fact that Modern Slavery is prohibited, governments from
the countries that were already mentioned are rarely willing to enforce the law or to
ensure that those who profit from it are punished, because it means money for their
countries too. Therefore, it is considered as a chain event because the corruption
of governments creates a lack of good economy that empowers poverty. 831million
people around the world are illiterate, which means that they have no jobs, no
home and no education (Humanium). The world population is constantly
increasing, it grows by 200000 people per day (The World Bank), which has
negative impacts on the economy and generates unemployment. This
unemployment allows the existence of illegal business that traps illiterate people
and offers them not just money but education for their families, home and stability.
As they are not educated they tend to trust and offer themselves in exchange as
slaves. People are just puppets in a whole entire business that hurts and violates
their rights. Currently, there is an estimated 31billion people who live in extremely
poverty (Do Something.org), so how many of them can be slaves?

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Recommendations
Short term
Around the world, there are thousands of different NGOs that provide not just
economical but psychological help for people that have been involved in slavery.
One of these foundations is The CNN project: Ending Modern-Day Slavery. This
project is constantly launching marches in every country, recently there was a
really big march in London that collaborated and donated a significant amount of
money to different foundations in the world to end slavery (The CNN Freedom
Project), but even though the idea is focus on every country, there has not been a
march in Latin America or Africa. What I suggest is that this campaign extends not
just to North America and Europe but all America and also the rest of the
continents. Even though in Latin America there is not a really big index of slavery, it
is very important to work everywhere. Another thing that foundations are promoting
is the donation of money to these NGOs or foundations that are spread through the
world with different names (National Geographic).This would help immediately to
the organizations to continue doing their labor and everyone can be involved in this
suggestion.
Long term
One idea that can help to diminish and maybe make Modern Slaveryextinct, is the
creation of an International Corporation 100% in charge of investigation and
attacking all these groups that are hidden in different countries (DIP Note: U.S.
Department of State Offcial Blog). The cooperation between countries is also a
very important fact that can help the idea that was given, because it will be easier if
governments make a constant and deep research locating all these traffickers and
owners of slaves, in order to facilitate the work of the corporation and to achieve a
better range worldwide (DIP Note: U.S. Department of State Offcial Blog). Another
idea that is very feasible is the creation of a Program of volunteers in different

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foundations. This program is going to last for 5 years and it will have long
consequences because it is needed to analyze if this will or will not help. Talking
about media, another solution is the constantly booming of advertisements about
slavery on the TV, internet, apps, newspapers, and buses, everywhere (Pulitzer
Center on Crisis Reporting). The intention will be the claiming of attention to inform
people and to give them the opportunity to raise their voice and demand the breach
of their rights if they are or have been violated. This will contribute to the creation
with the already mentioned corporation or foundation that is going to be 100%
focused on Modern Slavery.

Conclusion
Modern slavery is an abuse of peoples intelligence, it is an abuse of human rights.
Imagine all the 38.9million of people that have lived in these cruel conditions for
their entire life, imagine how they suffer, how they even kill themselves because it
is better than to continue living in these conditions. Slavery continues to grow
because this business is profitable, because inefficient governments act guided by
money and create poverty that affects not just one generation but every person in a
country. I want a better world, a world without oppression, a world where people
can be happy and live in peace. That is why I suggest that everyone can make a
change, everyone can be the solution by donating money and volunteering. If we
work together we can end slavery.

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Bibliography

Anti-Slavery International. Anti-Slavery International. 2013.

http://www.antislavery.org/english/. 10 de 26 de 2015.
DIP Note: U.S. Department of State Offcial Blog. Ten ways you can help fight
modern slavery. 1 de February de 2013.
https://blogs.state.gov/stories/2013/02/01/ten-ways-you-can-help-fightmodern-slavery. 10 de December de 2015.
Do Something.org. Do Something. 2014. https://www.dosomething.org/facts/11facts-about-global-poverty. 01 de 11 de 2015.
Elizabeth Day. I was sold in sexual slavery. The Guardian 18 de January de
2015. http://www.theguardian.com/law/2015/jan/18/i-was-sold-into-sexualslavery?CMP=fb_gu.
Help Free the UK from Modern Slavery. Help Free the UK Modern Slavery. 2014.
https://modernslavery.co.uk/who.html#case-study/1. 24 de noviembre de
2015.
Hsitory of Our Wolrd. s.f.
Humanium. Together for children rights. 13 de 12 de 2008.
http://www.humanium.org/en/world/right-to-education. 01 de 11 de 2015.
National Geographic. How can we end Modern-Day slavery. 23 de January de
2012.
http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0309/feature1/online_extra.html. 10
de December de 2015.

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Orange Movement. Orange Movement. 04 de 07 de 2013.

http://theorangemovement.com/about/. 02 de 12 de 2015.
Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting. Ending Modern-Day Slavery. 26 July 2011.
http://pulitzercenter.org/blog/slavery-human-trafficking-child-labor-poverty.
10 December 2015.
Talwar , Divya and Catrin Nye. "Government visa rules 'license domestic slavery'."
BBC News 31 March 2015: Internet. http://www.bbc.com/news/uk26769349.
The CNN Freedom Project. 3 voices: How to end Modern-day Slavery. 2011 de
June de 2011. http://thecnnfreedomproject.blogs.cnn.com/2011/07/12/threevoices-how-to-end-modern-day-slavery/. 10 de December de 2015.
The Universal Proclamation of Human Rights. The Universal Proclamation of
Human Rights. Washington, 1948. Document.
The Walk Free Foundation. The Walk Free Foundation. 21 de 09 de 2014. Essay.
01 de 11 de 2015.
The World Bank. Incresing of Population. 09 de 2015.
http://www.worldbank.org/depweb/spanish/modules/social/pgr/. 03 de 11 de
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United Nations. The International Labor Organization. 30 de 12 de 2014. 01 de 11
de 2015.