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w(t)
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• N0 is the average power/(unit BW) at the front-end of the
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N
0
2
−ω ω
c c ω
4π B 4π B
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(SN R)O
F oM =
(SN R)C
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To compare across different modulators, we assume that (see
Figure 3):
• The modulated signal s(t) of each system has the same average
power
• Channel noise w(t) has the same average power in the message
bandwidth B.
m(t) Output
Low Pass Filter
message with same
Σ (B)
power as modulated wave
n(t)
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n(t) Local
Oscillator
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1 1
= Ac m(t) + nI (t)
2 2
– =⇒ ONLY inphase component of noise nI (t) at the output
– =⇒ Quadrature component of noise nQ (t) is filtered at the
output
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– Band pass filter width = 2B
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1
Average noise power = ( )2 2BN0
2
1
= BN0
2
C 2 A2c P/4
(SN R)O,DSB−SC =
BN0 /2
C 2 A2c P
=
2BN0
(SN R)O
F oMDSB−SC = |DSB−SC = 1
(SN R)C
• Amplitude Modulation
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– The receiver model is as shown in Figure 5
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n(t)
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Thus the F oMAM is always inferior to F oMDSB−SC
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– Frequency Modulation
∗ The analysis for FM is rather complex
∗ The receiver model is as shown in Figure 6
m(t) x(t)
Band Pass Filter
Σ Limiter Discriminator
message with same (B)
power as modulated wave
y(t)
Bandpass
low pass filter
n(t)
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3A2c kf2 P
(SN R)O,F M =
2N0 B 3
A2c
(SN R)C,F M =
2BN0
3kf2 P
(SN R)O
F oMF M = |F M =
(SN R)C B2
The significance of this is that when the carrier SNR is
high, an increase in transmission bandwidth BT provides a
corresponding quadratic increase in output SNR or F oMF M
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