EE039 Projects For Exercising Basic 1 PR Inst

INDUSTRIETECHNIK
SRI LANKA INSTITUTE of ADVANCED TECHNOLOGICAL

EDUCATION
ELECTRICAL and ELECTRONIC

ENGINEERING
Instructor Manual
Training Unit
Projects for Exercising

Basic 1
Practice
No: EE 039
Training Unit
Projects for Exercising - Basic 1
Practical Part
No.: EE 039
Edition:
2008
All Rights Reserved
Editor:
MCE Industrietechnik Linz GmbH & Co

Education and Training Systems, DM-1
Lunzerstrasse 64 P.O.Box 36, A 4031 Linz / Austria
Tel. (+ 43 / 732) 6987 3475
Fax (+ 43 / 732) 6980 4271
Website: www.mcelinz.com
EE 039
PROJECTS FOR EXERCISING - BASIC 1
CONTENTS
Learning objectives
PRACTICAL EXERCISE 1
Electrical testing equipment - Equipment for
testing continuity
testing voltage
testing insulation
Electrical measuring equipment - Voltage measurement
Electrical measuring equipment - Current measurement
10
Electrical measuring equipment - Resistance measurement
12
Ohm's Law
14
Resistive circuits - Series connection
18
Resistive circuits - Parallel connection
21
Resistive circuits - Mixed connections
24
Electrical energy
28
Electrical power
31

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
The trainee should ...
test leads and appliances for electrical continuity and insulation.
check for the presence of electrical voltage.
measure the current and voltage in an electrical circuit.
measure resistance.
demonstrate the relation between current, voltage and resistance in a simple

circuit.
demonstrate the behaviour of currents, voltages and resistances in parallel, and

mixed
resistance
wiring
arrangements
by
means
of
calculations
and
measurements.
to determine the electrical energy and power of a consuming component by

indirect and direct means.
Electrical testing equipment - Equipment for testing electric continuity
1. TASK
The aim is to test Ieads and appliances for electric continuity.
2. EQUIPMENT
-
Continuity tester with optical indicator
Continuity tester with acoustic indicator
Ohmmeter
Test leads
3. CARRY OUT THE EXERCISE

-
Using a variety of different testing appliances, test the electric continuity of:
-
test Ieads
extension cable (220 V)
soldering irons
hand drilling machine
Result:
Electrical testing equipment - Equipment for testing voltage
1. TASK
The aim is to test for the presence of electrical voltage.
2. EQUIPMENT
-
Voltage tester (with neon lamp)
Voltage tester (with LED)
Test lamp
Adjustable transformer 220 V
Test leads

-
Test the socket outlet in the classroom and the variable output voltage of the
adjustable transformer with:
voltage tester (with neon lamp)
voltage tester (with LED)
test lamp
Result:
Electrical testing equipment - Equipment .for testing insulation
1. TASK
The aim is to test the state of the insulation an Iines and appliances.
2. EQUIPMENT
-
Insulation meter (transistorized battery-operated type)
Insulation meter (hand-operated generator type)
Test Ieads

-
Measure the insulation resistance of:
soldering irons
Result:
Electrical measuring equipment - Voltage measurement
1. TASK
The aim is to measure the electrical voltage in a circuit.
2. EQUIPMENT
-
Incandescent lamps
Lamp holders
Switches
Voltmeter
Power supply
Test Ieads

Circuit diagram:
Measure the voltages with switches A and B open and closed
Enter the measured values
1. TASK
The aim is to measure the strength of an electrical current in a circuit.
2. EQUIPMENT
-
Incandescent lamps
Lamp holders
Ammeter
Power supply
Test leads

Circuit diagram:
10
Measure the currents with open and closed switches
Enter the measured values
11
Electrical measuring equipment - Resistance measurement
1. TASK
The aim is to measure the resistance of electrical appliances.
2. EQUIPMENT
-
Ohmmeter
Resistance bridge
Test leads

-
Using an ohmmeter and a resistance bridge, measure the resistance of a:

-
soldering iron
extension cable (PE conductor)
incandescent lamp
coil, 600 turns
Enter the values in the table
12
Result:
13
Ohm's Law
1. TASK
The aim is to examine the relationship between current, voltage and resistance in a simple
circuit.
2. EQUIPMENT
-
Resistance decade 10 ... 100
Voltmeter
Ammeter
Power supply
Test leads

-
Measure the current as the voltage varies, when the resistance remains constant.
Enter the measured results in the table.
14
- The result can also be determined by means of a graph.
15
Result:
Measure the current as the resistance varies, when the voltage remains constant.
Enter the results in the table.
16
The result can again be determined by means of a graph.
Result:
17
1. TASK
The aim is to examine the behaviour of currents, voltages and resistances when
connected in series.
2. EQUIPMENT
-
Resistor, 100
Resistor, 68
Resistor, 10
Voltmeter
Ammeter
Ohmmeter
Power supply
Test leads

Currents in series connection:
-
Connect the three resistors with the ammeters in series, and measure the current.
18
Enter the measured values in the table.
Voltages in the series connected circuit:

-
Measure the voltage drops across each resistor.
19
Resistances in the series connected circuit:

-
Now use an ohmmeter to measure the resistance value of the three series connected
elements.
Rmeasured =
-
As a check, calculate the total resistance.

Rtotal = R1 + R2 + R3
Rcalcaulated =
Result:
20
1. TASK
The aim is to examine the behaviour of currents, voltages and resistances when
connected in parallel.
2. EQUIPMENT
-
Resistor, 100
Resistor, 680
Resistor, 1000
Voltmeter
Ammeter
Ohmmeter
Power supply
Test leads

Currents in parallel connection:
-
Connect the three resistors with the DC power supply in parallel, and measure the
currents.
21
Voltages in the parallel connected circuit:

-
Measure the voltages across the three resistors.
22
Resistance in the circuit wired in parallel:

-
Now use an ohmmeter to measure the resistance value of the three components
connected in parallel. As a check, calculate the total resistance.
Rmeasured =
Calculation:
Rcalcaulated =
Result:
23
1. TASK
The aim is to examine the behaviour of currents, voltages and resistances in a mixed
connection circuit.
2. EQUIPMENT
-
Resistor, 20
Resistor, 100
Resistor, 100
Resistor, 100
Resistor, 680
Resistor, 100
Voltmeter
Ammeter
Ohmmeter
Power supply
Test leads

Currents in mixed connection:
-
Connect the six resistors together according to the circuit diagram shown overleaf.
Connect the circuit to a d.c. voltage source, and measure the currents.
24
25
Voltages in a circuit with mixed connections:
26
Resistances in the mixed connected circuit:

-
Now use an ohmmeter to measure the resistance value of the connected components.
Rcalculated =
Result:
27
Electrical energy
1. TASK
The aim is to measure the electrical energy consumed by a component, both directly and
indirectly.
2. EQUIPMENT
-
Incandescent lamp 220 V/100 W
Lamp holder
Ammeter
Voltmeter
Test leads
Stop watch
Watthour meter

Indirect energy measurement:
Measure the current and the voltage on an incandescent lamp and calculate the electrical
energy when it is switched on for 30, 60 and 90 seconds.
28
Enter the measured values in the table
Calculate the electrical energy.
29
1. W = U x I x t =
2. W = U x I x t =
3. W = U x I x t =
Direct energy measurement:
-
Now measure the energy consumed by the incandescent lamp with the aid of a
watthour meter.
Result:
30
Electrical power
1. TASK
The aim is to determine the electrical power of a consuming component both indirectly
and directly.
2. EQUIPMENT
-
Soldering iron 300 W
Ammeter
Voltmeter
Test leads
Wattmeter

Indirect power measurement:
-
Measure the power consumption of a soldering iron by determining the current and the
voltage.
31
Enter the measured values in the table
Calculate the electrical power.
P=
Direct power measurement:
-
Measure the power consumption of a soldering iron with the aid of a power meter
(wattmeter).
32
Result:
33

Instructions for Practical Exercises
34
INSTRUCTIONS for practical exercise No. 1

Equipment for testing electric continuity

-
Using a variety of different testing appliances, test the electric continuity of: test leads;
extension cable (220 V); soldering irons; hand drilling machine.
Result:
-
Only the electric continuity can be tested with continuity testers.
Using ohmmeters, it is possible in addition to continuity testing to measure the

approximate resistance values.
35

Equipment for testing insulation

-
Test the socket outlet in the classroom and the variable output voltage of the
adjustable transformer with:
-
voltage tester (with neon lamp)
voltage tester (with LED)
test lamp
Result:
-
Only the presence of electrical voltage can he detected.
The level of the voltage cannot be determined.
36

Equipment for testing insulation

-
Measure the insulation resistance of:

-
soldering irons
Result:
The insulation resistance provides information an the condition of the insulation of
electrical appliances.
37

Voltage measurement

Circuit diagram:
Measure the voltages with switches A and B open and closed.
Enter the measured values.
38


Circuit diagram:
Measure the currents with open and closed switch.
Enter the measured values.
Example:
I1 = I2 +I3
39

Resistance measurement

-
Using an ohmmeter and a resistance bridge, measure the resistance of a:

-
soldering iron
extension cable (PE conductor)
incandescent lamp
coil, 600 turns
Enter the values in the table.
Result:
With a measuring bridge one can measure resistance more precisely than with an
ohmmeter.
40

Ohm's Law

-
Measure the current as the voltage varies, when the resistance remains constant.
Enter the measured results in the table.
The result can also be determined by means of a graph.
41
Result:
-
The electric current I depends an the voltage V .
When the resistance R remains constant, the current increases proportion to the
voltage U.
42
Measure the current as the resistance varies, when the voltage remains constant.
Enter the results in the table.
The result can again be determined by means of a graph.
Result:
-
If the electrical resistance R is increased while the voltage remains constant, the
current I will become smaller.
The current I is inversely proportional to the resistance R
OHM'S LAW
The electrical current I is directly proportional to the imposed voltage U and inversely
proportional to the resistance R.
43


Currents in series connection:
-
Connect the three resistors with the ammeters in series, and measure the currents.
44
Voltages in the series connected circuit:

-
Measure the voltage drops across each resistor
Enter the measure values in the table.
45
Resistances in the series connected circuit:

-
Now use an ohmmeter to measure the resistance value of the three series-connected
elements.
Rmeasured = 178
-

Rtotal = R1 + R2 + R3 = 100 + 68 + 10
Rcalcaulated = 178
Result:
-
In any closed circuit, the sum of the e.m.f.s is equal to the sum of the voltage drops
across each part of the circuit.
The total voltage is exactly the same as the sum of the part voltages.
The same current flows through each resistor.
The largest volt drop is across the largest resistance and the smallest, across the
smallest resistor.
The total resistance is equal to the sum of the resistances taken round the circuit.
46


Currents in parallel connection:
-
Connect the three resistors with the DC power in parallel, and measure the currents.
47
Voltages in the parallel connected circuit:

-
Measure the voltages across the three resistors.
Resistances in the circuit wired in parallel:

-
Now use an ohmmeter to measure the resistance value of the three components
connected in parallel. As a check, calculate the total resistance.
Rmeasured = 80
48
Calculation:
Result:
-
At every branching point, the sum of the currents flowing in is equal to the sum of the
currents flowing out (Kirchhoff's first law).
The total current is as great as the sum of all the part currents.
The greater current flows through the smaller resistor.
The voltage across each resistor is the same.
The total resistance is always smaller than the smallest partial resistance.
The total conductance value is as great as the total of the partial conductance values.
49


Currents in mixed connection:
-
Connect the six resistors together according to the circuit diagram shown below.
Connect the circuit to a d.c. voltage source, and measure the currents.
50
Voltages in a circuit with mixed connections:
51
Resistances in the mixed connected circuit:

-
Now use an ohmmeter to measure the resistance value of the connected components.
Result:
The mixed circuit is a combination of parallel and series circuits.
52

Electrical energy

Indirect energy measurement:
-
Measure the current and the voltage on an incandescent lamp and calculate the
electrical energy when it is switched on for 30, 60 and 90 seconds.
53
Calculate the electrical energy:
1. W = U x I x t = 220 V x 0.45 A x 30s = 2970 Ws 3000 Ws

Direct energy measurement:
-
Now measure the energy consumed by the incandescent lamp with the aid of a
watthour meter.
Result:
-
The electrical energy can be read off in kWh directly an the watthour meter.
1 Wh = 3600 Ws
1 kWh = 1 000 Wh = 3 600 000 Ws.
54

Electrical power

Indirect power measurement:
-
Measure the power consumption of a soldering iron by determining the current and the
voltage.
55
Calculate the electrical power.
Power =
Current
Voltage
[W]
[U]
[A]
P=UxI=
Direct power measurement:

-
Measure the power consumption of a soldering iron with the aid of a power meter
(wattmeter).
Result:
-
The wattmeter shows the correct value directly.
The power formula P = U x I applies only to direct current. It only applies to alternating
current if the consuming element is purely resistive.
56

Evaluation Sheet for Practical Exercises
57
EVALUATION SHEET
Name
Control No.
Group
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
12
48
30
32
110
Total:
lntermediate Mark :
Date :
Points:
58
Actual points
Possible A
points
in table
Actual points
Entries
Possible points
measurements
Actual points
Carrying out
Possible points
exercise
Actual points
Sheet No.
Setting up the
Possible points
Total
KEY TO EVALUATION
PER CENT
MARK
88 100
75 87
62 74
50 61
0 49
59
EE 039
Practical Test
60
EE 039
PRACTICAL TEST
Resistive circuits
1. TASK
Calculate the resistance of resistors in a mixed circuit, and to check the results by
measurements.
-
Calculate the voltage drops, the partial currents, and the total resistance.
Check the calculations by measuring the current voltage, and resistance.
2. EQUIPMENT
-
Resistor, 50
Resistor, 50
Resistor, 100
Resistor, 100
Resistance measuring bridge
Ammeter
Voltmeter
Power supply
Test leads
61

Circuits
Calculation:
62
Measurement report:
63
EE 039
PRACTICAL TEST
(Solution)
Calculation:
64
Measurement report:
65
EE 039
EVALUATION SHEET FOR PRACTICAL TEST
Points
Calculation of the circuit
Correctness
22
Entries in report
25
Setting up the circuit

Correctness
Cleanness
10
Carrying out the measurements

Precision in taking readings
12
Entries in report
15
Total 50
66
KEY TO EVALUATION
PER CENT
MARK
88 100
75 87
62 74
50 61
0 49
67

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INDUSTRIETECHNIK

SRI LANKA INSTITUTE of ADVANCED TECHNOLOGICAL

ELECTRICAL and ELECTRONIC

Projects for Exercising

MCE Industrietechnik Linz GmbH & Co

PROJECTS FOR EXERCISING - BASIC 1

The trainee should ...

test leads and appliances for electrical continuity and insulation.

check for the presence of electrical voltage.

measure the current and voltage in an electrical circuit.

demonstrate the relation between current, voltage and resistance in a simple

demonstrate the behaviour of currents, voltages and resistances in parallel, and

to determine the electrical energy and power of a consuming component by

PROJECTS FOR EXERCISING - BASIC 1

Continuity tester with optical indicator

Continuity tester with acoustic indicator

3. CARRY OUT THE EXERCISE

extension cable (220 V)

hand drilling machine

PROJECTS FOR EXERCISING - BASIC 1

Voltage tester (with neon lamp)

Voltage tester (with LED)

Adjustable transformer 220 V

3. CARRY OUT THE EXERCISE

voltage tester (with neon lamp)

voltage tester (with LED)

PROJECTS FOR EXERCISING - BASIC 1

Insulation meter (transistorized battery-operated type)

Insulation meter (hand-operated generator type)

3. CARRY OUT THE EXERCISE

Measure the insulation resistance of:

extension cable (220 V)

hand drilling machine

PROJECTS FOR EXERCISING - BASIC 1

3. CARRY OUT THE EXERCISE

Measure the voltages with switches A and B open and closed

Enter the measured values

PROJECTS FOR EXERCISING - BASIC 1

3. CARRY OUT THE EXERCISE

Measure the currents with open and closed switches

Enter the measured values

PROJECTS FOR EXERCISING - BASIC 1

3. CARRY OUT THE EXERCISE

Using an ohmmeter and a resistance bridge, measure the resistance of a:

extension cable (PE conductor)

coil, 600 turns

Enter the values in the table

PROJECTS FOR EXERCISING - BASIC 1

Resistance decade 10 ... 100

3. CARRY OUT THE EXERCISE

Enter the measured results in the table.

- The result can also be determined by means of a graph.

Enter the results in the table.

The result can again be determined by means of a graph.

PROJECTS FOR EXERCISING - BASIC 1

3. CARRY OUT THE EXERCISE

Enter the measured values in the table.

Voltages in the series connected circuit:

Measure the voltage drops across each resistor.

Enter the measured values in the table.

Resistances in the series connected circuit:

As a check, calculate the total resistance.

PROJECTS FOR EXERCISING - BASIC 1