Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1.............................................................................................................. 2
INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................... 2
1.1

Overview..................................................................................................... 2

1.2

Problem Statement.......................................................................................... 3

1.3

Project objectives........................................................................................... 4

1.4

Project Scope................................................................................................ 4

CHAPTER 2.............................................................................................................. 5
LITERATURE VIEW.................................................................................................. 5
2.1

Adaptive Motion Surveillance Detection View.......................................................5

2.2

Types of Motion Detection................................................................................7

2.2.1

Two frames............................................................................................ 7

2.2.2

Custom frame.......................................................................................... 7

2.2.3

Background modelling...............................................................................7

2.3

Motion surveillance detection weaknesses.............................................................8

2.3.1

Accuracy............................................................................................... 8

2.3.2

Weak network connection...........................................................................8

2.3.3

Quality of the video pixel...........................................................................8

2.4

Motion surveillance detection process....................................................10

2.4.1
2.5
2.5.1
2.6

Motion surveillance detection component........................................10

Motion Surveillance Detection user perspective....................................................12

Security............................................................................................... 12
Future in Motion Surveillance Detection..................................................14

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1

Overview
Adaptive Motion Surveillance Detection system is design for a security
purposes which provides effective security protection against a crime and improve the
economy on the security industries. Previously, the Close-Circuit Television (CCTV)
were not applied the motion detection which can alert a personnel if there a possible
event occur on the camera point of view. The level of security nowadays is important
to prevent any damages and to provide a secure environment.
Newest technologies can provide a better security environment without a lot of
human power in advance increased the level of security, and thus open up the
opportunities for new security applications to develop according the technology can
provides.
This thesis gives an overview of the motion surveillance detection technology,
software development, and its applications. Adaptive Motion Surveillance Detection
program and development will be discussed are designed based on computer
applications. The system designed to detect any events that occur excluding the
natural environment movement such as animal and light.
The system will be designed in one system which contains control mechanism
and monitoring application where there are tabs for camera settings and monitor of
the camera views. When there is detection in the region of interest of the camera, the
system will send a SMS message to the user to notify the user of the alarm.

1.2

Problem Statement
Motion detection technology is the most advance technology that has been
design in the security technologies using a CCTV. It has a multiple number of
applications in different region and most of this application provides good potential
benefits on security aspects. Nearly 90% of facilities and nearly 30% of individual
properties around the world are using a surveillance system to protect their property,
but only half of them were using the motion surveillance because of the cost of the
system. Many of this organization are not aware about the safety around their
organization and depend on human power to detect an event.

This project is design and develop base on the factor of the security to help
reducing human error and to create an effective surveillance system that can be
affordable for many organizations or individuals and user friendly. The
implementation of this system is still at the basic level as they provides the basic
security access and operations, but the system can be further improved by adding
more features and enhanced by using a latest technology that available in the market.

1.3

Project objectives
In the development of this project, there are several objectives that need to be
achieved that have been notified which are:

To develop a DIY CCTY system for surveillance purpose.

To develop an application software to display the captured video through the

cameras.
To develop an application software system that could detect motion from the
captured scene.

1.4

Project Scope
The scope of the project is to develop an Adaptive Motion Surveillance
Detection system based on application for the computer desktop. This system will
detect the motion of the event that occurs at the CCTV point of view based on the
video frame rate comparison that will create an effective surveillance system in
detecting a crime. On the other hand, this system will provides a less human power on
monitoring a surveillance system. There are might be some unwanted alarm triggers
in detecting an object in the system, but still, it is an effective security technology that
can be applied to increase the level of security on the facilities.

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE VIEW
2.1

Adaptive Motion Surveillance Detection View

Adaptive Motion Surveillance Detection is the security surveillance system
that recognizes any events at the CCTV regions of interest of the video scene by an
algorithm that compares the frame rate in a real time. It detects when there are
movement of the entity based on human or vehicle event on the video which trigger
the alarm in the system. A detection algorithms that apply will able to separate any
malicious movement such as light, insect, bird or any natural movement which trigger
false alarm to a human events.
The model design by an expert in computational vision, Ismail Haritaoglu, the
most successful motion detection system that reported for recognizing and tracking
the events in a video sequence by comparing the initial foreground pixel frame by
using a blob that is the statistical background model of the captured video. The
background models are classified into several classes which are single human,
humans in group and other objects or natural objects by using a static rectangular
shape.
In this project includes two CCTV, one computer applications based and SMS
notification. Control mechanism works as the control of the system which contain the
settings for the camera, settings for detection and settings for the notification through
the SMS. Monitoring tabs give the user view to monitor the camera region of interest.
When there is detection, the alarm will trigger and it will notify the user by popping
the screen of compromise area whenever the user minimizes the system in the desktop
or watching movies.

As the security aspects, the system is design with user authentication for a
safety and protection from physical attacks. The system only authenticates a valid user
to the system which all of the data of the user will be stored into a database. To ensure
the system a strongly protected especially from SQL injection attacks and other
attacks, the password that created and stored into database will be encrypted by using
hash algorithms.

Although the system are able to recognize any event occur at the region of
interest of the video scene, there is some points that need to be taken into
consideration that the system might cause an false alarm that triggers by unwanted
detection, such as natural environment events.

Figure 2.1: The general flow of adaptive motion surveillance detection

2.2

Types of Motion Detection

In motion detection, there are several types of detection. It represents the
system ability to analyze and recognize the events that occur in the region of interest.
The types of detection based on their classes as followed:

2.2.1

Two frames

This is the common use of the motion detection, the algorithms of

detection is use to compare the last video frame that has been captured to the
current video frame in the real-time.

2.2.2

Custom frame

The custom frame detection is basically stores a frame that has been
captured in to a memory and compare the real-time frame subsequently, it is
an effective way of detecting if there is an events occur at the region of
interest.

2.2.3

Background modelling

The custom frame in a memory are adjusts by it timing to morph

toward the real-time frame, this kind of detection detect when there are
something moving it the scene, but it probably will trigger the false alarm.

2.3

Motion surveillance detection weaknesses

2.3.1

Accuracy

In motion detection, accuracy is very important to reduce unwanted

detection and false alarm trigger, if there are any natural element events such
as leafs or light or any objects in the scene that are misplaced, the system
should not be recognize it. In order for the program to work perfectly, the
algorithms of detection that used should able to classify the classes of human,
a group of human and other natural environment or objects in the scene.
On top of that, the system must be running on the high reliable
machine that can process the system at the highest speed to reduce time
lagging in the detection. This eventually effects the detection of the system
where there may be miss detection causes of the machine in capabilities to
process the system effectively.

2.3.2

Weak network connection

Wi-Fi IP CCTV cameras are the most used for the motion surveillance
detection, but in the other hand, the network that used to be connected to the
camera were not so good. This may cause a heavy traffic on camera which it
cannot communicate with the main controls for the system or create a few
second time lapses or the motion detection will go to sleep mode. This is
important to able the CCTV find the path of connection to the network at all
times.

2.3.3

Quality of the video pixel

The quality of video is important to analyze the threat in the area, as

the main issue is when there are something that block the view of the CCTV
lenses such as dust or spider web at reduces the visibilities of the CCTV. For

the security camera, the camera pixel should be strong enough atleast 10 meter
of vision. The camera need to be mount properly so that the camera did not
shake in term of the natural elements occur to avoid a vision reduction. Also a
night vision may be interrupted by a pointed light such as laser to the lenses.

2.4 Motion surveillance detection process

Figure 2.2 : Motion surveillance detection process block

2.4.1 Motion surveillance detection component

2.4.1.1

Digital Video Input

The video input were transmitted via a network RJ45 cable or

via wireless network in frame per second, as the average speed for the
single camera input to the system is 0.12 fps depend on realibility on
the network connected. The video signal that the system receive is in
MPEG4 format.

2.4.1.2

Analyze the threat base on frame comparison

There are many algoritms that can be applied on motion

detection based on the need of the system. The digital input video
signal that received were processed, observed and compared to the
captured frame for recognition of motion. The calculation should be
precise to encounter unwanted detection and avoid false alarm.

2.4.1.3

System alert on threat detection

The system is capable to overcome all running process and

pop-out the alert to user whenever there are threat that been detected
on the scene. The system will create an alarm sound and create a static
rectangular shape on the scene of threat so that user can analyze the
type of threat that user are dealing with.

2.4.1.4

Record the video input

As the detection occur, the system will record the scene in

MPEG4 format and stored in a disk as the evidence of the crime. The
system started to record as soon as the detection and ended after the
threat leave the scene. This capabilities is very important as an
evidence to apprehend the threat to face the court punishment.

2.5

Motion Surveillance Detection user perspective

2.5.1

Security
Security is the main issues where the motion surveillance detection were
introduce on the first place as the can provide a better protection compared to normal
surveillance system. There are a lot of cases that happen where the high value
properties were been stolen because of lack of security precautions. As example in
India, there are more than thousand police report on burglary crime in 2011. Most of
the burglary happen in the high value properties facilities that are not been secured
properly.

Figure 2.3

Percentage of burglary cases reported in India on 2011

Figure 2.3 show the percantage of burglary cases that been reported in India,
imagine how much cases that happen around the world and the numbers of unsolved
cases is too much to be handle by law enforcements. So, by using this motion
surveillance detection system, atleast it can deter the threat, reduce the crime cases
and help the law enforcement as evidence to solve the cases.

The installation and configuration of a motion surveillance detection system

is directly related to the nature of the security environment and requirement. The
example of monitoring capabilities such as dead zone between two fences, interior of
facilities especially during night time, high value properties and much more. There
also some areas that need to be installed motion surveillance detection such as :

Limited Area
Limited area is an area of storing the classified information of an
organization. It is uncontrolled movement area that could be access by a
person who has been authorized and a person who not been cleared are escort
by security personnel. The area is not only secure by motion surveillance
detection but the area are also secure by a security personnel in and out of the
area, personal identification system and control system.

Exclusion Area
An exclusion area is the place where the classified and sensitive
information are stored. In this area, only the owner of the facility has the
authority to determine all activities including exclusion or removal of
personnel and property from the area. This area can only be access for one
purpose only, that is to access the information. This area are secure with
security guard personnel, motion surveillance detection, sensors and alarm
system.

2.6 Future in Motion Surveillance Detection

As the technology expands and evolves, the need of this motion
surveillance detection is crucial as it provide a protection to the new
invention of technologies. The improvement of this system will provide
more secure and efficient surveillance detection system from where the
current system stands now. Some of the improvement that can be made
are:

Improving

surveillance detection can be running faster.

New invention of security camera equip to the system which

the

system

processing

so

that

the

motion

includes the high pixel of lenses that can zoom out in more

distance and clearer to analyze the threat in distance.

Equip the motion surveillance detection system

with

intelligent face recognition to analzye the threat identities.

2.7 Review on existing Motion Surveillance Detection