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3.5-11 Infant Feeding

Table 3.5-11: Frequency and Percentage showing the Distribution of Infant Feeding and
Formula used in Barangay Daine II, Purok 1-4 as of August 2015
Infant feeding program

Frequency

Formula

11

52.38

Breast Milk

42.86

Mixed

4.76

Total

21

100%

Formula Used

Frequency

Powdered Milk

50.00

Mother's Milk

44.44

Others

5.56

Total

18

100%

Figure 3.5-11: Graphical presentation showing the Distribution of Infant Feeding and
Formula in Barangay Daine II, Purok 1-4 as of August 2015
Infant Feeding Program
12

11

10

8
Frequency

6
4
2

0
Formula

Breast Milk

Mixed

Formulas Used
10
9

9
8

8
7
6
Frequency

5
4
3
2

1
0
Powdered Milk

Mother's Milk

Others

According to the graph above, the most used for feeding babies is formula milk, which
greatly contrasts with studies that acknowledge that the best method is feeding infants
with breast milk. 42.85% of people in Daine II are feeding their infants with breast milk
while the 52% uses formula milk and the other 5% uses mixed milk. 50% of the
community drinks powdered milk, 44% drinks mothers milk and 6% drinks other sorts
of milks. The interpretation of this table explains that the majority uses formula milk as
an alternative way of giving milk. Exclusive breastfeeding of infants is recommended for
the first six months of their lives and breastfeeding, with complimentary foods thereafter.
Breastfeeding has many psychological benefits for children and mother as well as
economic benefits for families and societies. Some of the benefits for infants are to
provide nutrition, strengthen the immune system, and prevention of many infections. For
the mother, it reduces the risk of excessive blood loss after birth and provides natural
methods of delaying pregnancies. (Source: Public Health Nursing, Cuevas)

3.5-12 Immunization Status

Table 3.5-12: Frequency and Percentage showing the Immunization status target age
group (0-12 mos.) in Barangay Daine II, Purok 1-4 as of August 2015
Immunization status target age
group (0-12 mos.)

Frequency

BCG

10

55.56

Hepatitis B

16.67

DPT

11.11

OPV

11.11

AMV

5.56

Total

18

100%

Figure 3.5-12: Graphical presentation showing the Immunization status target age group
(0-12 mos.)in Barangay Daine II, Purok 1-4 as of August 2015
Immunization Status (0-12 Months of age)
12
10

10

Frequency

6
4
2

2
1

0
BCG

3 B
Hepatitis

DPT

OPV

AMV

The graph above shows the total percentage of immunization in Daine II, Indang
Cavite. The most given immunization is BCG having 55.55%, second is the Hepatitis B
Vaccine having 16.66%, third is DPT and OPV having 11.11% and lastly AMV having
5.55%.
The interpretation of the immunization that is given to the children protects them

from infection. BCG stands for Bacillus Calmette Guerin, this is a vaccine made from
weakened strains of tubercle bacilli that used to produce immunity against tuberculosis,
and according to the study if the child does not develop a scar after injection they
should repeat it. DPT stands for diphteria pertussis (whooping cough) tetanus it is used
for primary immunization. OPV stands for Oral Polio Vaccine produces antibodies in
the blood ('humoral' or serum immunity) to all three types of poliovirus, and in the
event of infection, this protects the individual against polio paralysis by preventing the
spread of poliovirus to the nervous system. Hepatitis B caused by a DNA virus that
persists in the blood, it can also attack the liver that can cause lifelong infection. AMV
stands for anti measles vaccine, it is very effective at preventing measles. The concept
and importance of immunization is to induce immunity thereby causing the recipients
immune system to react to the vaccine that produces antibodies to fight infection. It
protects children from disease causing agents. It should be given at an early age
because they are susceptible to childhood diseases. Source: Public Health Nursing,
Cueves; National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease (CDC.gov); World
Health Organization)
To interpret the data gathered, we can conclude that most of the children in the
community are well-proctected from Tubercolosis but may easily contract measles.

3.5-13 Maternal Care

Table 3.5-13: Frequency and Percentage showing the Maternal Care in Barangay Daine
II, Purok 1-4 as of August 2015
Prenatal Check
up Frequency

Tetanus Toxoid
Immunization
Frequency

With

100

100

Without

Total

100

100

Figure 3.5-13: Graphical presentation showing the Maternal Care in Barangay Daine II,
Purok 1-4 as of August 2015
Maternal Care

0.04901960784313
73
1.0

100%

According to the pie chart above, all pregnant women in the community had their
prenatal check-up and had a tetanus toxoid immunization, which means all pregnant
women are not vulnerable to acquiring a disease or infection that can harm their baby. It
also shows that pregnant women have their knowledge about their health and their baby.
The table also represents the 100% of population have their prenatal check up and tetanus
toxoid immunization.
The interpretation of the table above is about the maternal care for giving and
recommending tetanus toxoid immunization and prenatal check-up. Maternal care is an
important service that helps protect the mother, fetus and newborn. Giving early maternal
care to the mothers helps them to detect risk for disease. It also includes improved quality
of family planning counseling. In prenatal check-up, the health provider computes the age
of gestation and the expected date of delivery. Prenatal check-up helps the pregnant
women to check the health of the baby and it also recommended for mothers to check if
there are difficulties or problems in their pregnancy. It also recommended during the 4th16 weeks of pregnancy. In the prenatal check-up, the health workers can give medication
to mother.
Tetanus toxoid immunization is given to pregnant women when they have tetanus
caused by an anaerobic spore forming bacteria called clostridium tetani that enters the
body of the newborn through unsterile techniques in cutting and dressing the umbilical
cord, according to Stanfield et al (1973) report that 2 doses of tetanus can protect the
person for 1-3 years. The 2003 National Demographic Health survey reports that women
who received 2 doses of TT decreased from 38%-37%. Tetanus Toxoid shall be given to

women on their 5th to 6th month of pregnancy. This information is from the book Public
Health Nursing.

3.5-14 Hereditary Disease

Table 3.5-14: Frequency and Percentage showing the Family History of Hereditary
Disease in Barangay Daine II, Purok 1-4 as of August 2015
Family History of Hereditary Disease

Frequency

Hypertension

32

31.37

Diabetes

22

21.57

Others

18

17.65

Heart Disease

17

16.67

Stroke

7.84

Cancer

4.90

102

100%

Total

Figure 3.5-14: Graphical presentation showing the Family History of Hereditary Disease
in Barangay Daine II, Purok 1-4 as of August 2015

Family History of Hereditary Disease

35

32

30
Hypertension
25
20
Frequency

Diabetes

22

Others
18

Heart Disease

17

Stroke

15
10
5

Cancer
8
5
1

The highest among the hereditary disease is hypertension with a percentage of

34% next to the highest is diabetes with 20% and the third one is the other diseases
because it is a compilation of diseases that are not common to acquire or not mention in
the choices on the given survey, heart disease with 16%, stroke with 7% and the lowest
is cancer with 5%.
This bar graph shows that the most prominent hereditary disease that people
living in Indang, Cavite Daine Dos have is hypertension, which could have been
transitory from generation to generation possibly because they are not seeking for
medical consultation. According to one of the residents, they cannot go to their health
center because the clinic is too far from their home and they have to spend some money
on going their just for checking their blood pressure so they prefer not to go than to
spend some money. It is a major problem and control rates are particularly poor.

Untreated or poorly controlled high blood pressure increases the risk for heart disease
and death.
A variety of factors have been associated with the risk of hypertension among Filipino.
Those unique to the Filipino population include immigration-related stress, dietary
practices, and cultural beliefs. Exercise and smoking, lifestyle elements, are also
contributing factors (DeMayo, 2012). Diabetes has the second highest percentage maybe
due to the food they eat and the lifestyle that they have. Heart Diseases has acquired a
percentage not far from the diabetes, stroke is the second lowest from this graph and the
lowest among this diseases is the cancer.

3.5-15 Leading cause of Morbidity

Table 3.5-15: Frequency and Percentage showing the Leading cause of Morbidity in
Barangay Daine II, Purok 1-4 as of August 2015
Figure 3.5-15: Graphical presentation showing the Leading cause of Morbidity in
Barangay Daine II, Purok 1-4 as of August 2015

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3.5-16 Leading cause of Mortality

Table 3.5-16: Frequency and Percentage showing the Leading cause of Mortality
in Barangay Daine II, Purok 1-4 as of August 2015
Mortality

Frequency

Stroke

17.65

Heart attack

11.76

Diabetes Mellitus

11.76

Kidney Failure

11.76

Old Age

11.76

Prostate Cancer

5.88

Cancer, Other

5.88

Suicide

5.88

Hemorrhage

5.88

Asthma

5.88

Premature

5.88

Total

17

100

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Figure 3.5-16: Graphical presentation showing the Leading cause of Mortality

in Barangay Daine II, Purok 1-4 as of August 2015

Leading Cause of Mortality

3.5
Stroke

Heart
3 attack

Diabetes Mellitus

Kidney Failure

Old Age

2 2
Cancer, Other

2 2
Suicide

Hemorrhage

Asthma

2.5
Prostate Cancer 2
Frequency
1.5
Premature

0.5
0

According to Medicine.net, stroke is the sudden death of brain cells due to lack of
oxygen, caused by blockage of blood flow or rupture of an artery to the brain. As seen on
the graph above, stroke is the number one cause of mortality in Daine II, Purok 1 4 with
a percentage of 16.67%. Factors that may cause stroke are lifestyle and heredity. In
relation to the hereditary diseases present in the community, we learned that 7.8% of the
population have stroke running in the family. With this information, we can conclude that
heredity plays a major role to why stroke is the number one cause of mortality in the
community.
Heart attack, Kidney diseases, old age, Diabetes, and Cancer rated 2nd in the
leading causes of mortality with a percentage of 11.11% of the population in Barangay
Daine II, Purok 1 4.

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Mayoclinic.org explained that heart attack occurs when the flow of blood to the
heart is blocked, most often by a build-up of fat, cholesterol and other substances, which
form a plaque in the arteries that feed the heart. The interrupted blood flow can damage
or destroy part of the heart muscle. Since one of the factors that causes heart attack are
age and Daine II is an aging community, we can attribute this to why heart attack is a
common cause of mortality of the barangay. Another reason may be being physically
inactive as only a small percentage, 6.22%, of the population stated they do regular
exercise.
Kidney failure, also known as end-stage kidney disease, occurs when the kidneys
are no longer able to adequately remove waste from your blood and control the level of
fluid in the body, as elaborated by Bettherhealth.vic.gov.au. Through our survey, it was
found out that 4.5% of the population practice consumption of alcoholic beverages and
this may be the likely factor why kidney failure causes mortality in the community.
Meanwhile, cancer is an abnormal growth of cells which tend to proliferate in an
uncontrolled way and, in some cases, to metastasize, as stated on Medicinet.com. A factor
that could cause cancer is smoking. Since 3% of the population was said to be smokers,
this may explain why cancer is present in the community. A lack physical activity is also
another factor, as it was stated before that only few respondents were physically active.
Old age or senescence, in human beings, is the final stage of the normal life span.
Definitions of old age are not consistent from the standpoints of biology, demography,
employment and retirement, and sociology. For statistical and public administrative
purposes, however, old age is frequently defined as 60 or 65 years of age or older

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according to Brittanica. Old age ranked 2nd in leading causes of mortality with 11.11%
in this barangay aging 60 65>.
Diabetes mellitus is described by Clevelandclinic.com as a disease of the
pancreas, an organ behind your stomach that produces the hormone insulin. As observed
through the health choices of the respondents, lifestyle factors my attribute to diabetes
being a cause of mortality.
Prostate cancer, Suicide, Hemorrhage, Asthma, Prematurity are the least leading
causes of mortality with 5.56% in Barangay Daine II, Purok 1 4.
This data implies that the respondents are rarely suicidal, that the occurrence of
hemorrhage or prostate cancer is limited, that asthma isnt common and that premature
deaths scarcely happen.