Lecture 27: Rotational Dynamics II

Objectives
1. Apply Newtons 2nd law of rotation and conservation of
energy to obtain qualitative and quantitative conclusions
on the motion of a system that involves rotating about a
moving axis.
2. Analyze work and power delivered to a rotating system.

Recall: surface with friction (rolling without slipping)

Again: v = vcm
also v = r and a = r

Sliding (slipping only) K = mv2

Rolling (w/o slipping) K = mv2 + I2
where I depends on the shape of the object

Newtons second law

=
Rotational analog of Newtons second law

=
Relationship of translational and angular velocities
and acceleration, rotating without slipping:

Energy relationships: K = Ktranslation + Krotation

= +

Sample Problem 1: Unwinding Cable

A cable is wrapped several times around a uniform solid cylinder
that can rotate about its axis. The cylinder has diameter 0.120m
and mass 50kg. The cable is pulled with a force of 9.0N. Assuming
that the cable unwinds without stretching or slipping, what is its
acceleration? Icm of solidcyl = MR2/2

First calculate the angular acceleration of the cylinder using

Newtons 2nd law: = .
Torque (z = FR) is positive as it tends to cause a
counterclockwise rotation:

Therefore the acceleration is:

Sample Problem 2: (Tipler)

A cue stick hits a cue ball horizontally a distance x above
the center of the ball. Find the value of x for which the
cue ball will roll without slipping from the beginning.
Express your answer in terms of the radius R of the ball.

for a solid sphere:

2
= 2
5

Cue ball possess both linear and angular acceleration (use this to
relate x with R; = )
The net torque about the center of the ball with lever arm, x is:

Torque about the center of the ball

with (lever arm, x)

Relate Newtons 2nd Law for translation and rotational motion:

= =

=
Rolling without slipping:

Express a and in terms of force F: =

Solve for x:

2
2

5
=
=
=

If the ball is struck higher or lower

than 2R/5 from the center, it will have
a top spin or a back spin.

Work and Power in rotational motion

For varying torque: =

For a constant torque and finite
change in angle,

= =
a tangential force
Ftan is involved

Unit of work: Joules (J)

Power is the rate of doing work:

Ave. Power: =

Or for Instantaneous Power: =

Sample Problem 3 (Young and Freedman):

The power output of an automobile engine is advertised to
be 200hp (1.49x105W) at 6000rpm. What is the
corresponding torque?
Convert angular velocity to rad/s

Using formula for power: =

Sample Problem 4 (Young and Freedman):

An electric motor exerts a constant torque of 10Nm on a
grindstone mounted on its shaft. The moment of inertia of the
grindstone about the shaft of 2.0kgm2.
(a) If the system starts from rest, find the work done by the
motor in 8.0s and the kinetic energy at the end of this time.
(b) What was the average power delivered by the motor?

Given:
= 10.0Nm Note: motion here is only rotational.
nd Law:
2
Using
the
rotational
version
of
Newtons
2
I = 2.0kgm
t = 8.0s
0 = 0; 0=0
= = 10
Required: P
Since: I = 2.0kgm2 , therefore: = 5.0rad/s2

constant acceleration, 0 = 0 and 0=0 the total angular

displacement is:

Therefore, the total work done by torque is:

Again, 0 = 0 , the angular velocity and KE after 8.0s are:

The power becomes: P = W/t

Summary: Work, Power and Rotational Dynamics

Rotational analog of Newtons 2nd law:

=
Work with constant torque:
= =

Average Power: =
Instantaneous Power:

2nd Long exam

26 October (Mon, 12:00-02:00PM)
Coverage: Ch 6 to 10 (+ dot and cross product)

Problem set for chapters 6,7 and 8 will

be emailed on Friday
Deadline: Oct. 27 (Tue)

Seatwork :
2 points per letter
(1pt magnitude, 1pt direction)

(a) 40.0Nm
(+z)
(b) 34.6Nm
(+z)
(c) 20.0Nm
(+z)
(d) 17.3Nm
(-z)
(e) Zero
(f) Zero

Young and Freedman, 10.21

What fraction the total kinetic energy is rotational for
the following objects rolling without slipping on a
horizontal surface?
1
SW13: Uniform solid cylinder ( = 2 )
2
1
= 2
2
2

1 2 1 1
90
1
2
= =

= 2
2
2 2

4
1
1
3
2
= + = + = 2
2

1
4
3
4

1
3
15

Young and Freedman, 10.21

What fraction the total kinetic energy is rotational for
the following objects rolling without slipping on a
horizontal surface?
2
SW14: Uniform sphere ( = 2 )
5
1
= 2
2
2

1 2 1 2
90
1
2
= =

= 2
2
2 5

5
1
1
7
2
= + = + = 2
2

1
5
7
10

10

2
7
16

Seatwork
- solve problems in your
notebooks
- write the answers only in
your bluebook
- indicate the date

October 15, 2014

1. Blah?
2. Blah blah!
3. Blah blah blah!
4. Blah blah blah blah!

17

Conversion: 1rev = 2rad

Uniform disk: Icm = MR2

(1) A flywheel used for storing energy consists of a uniform

disk of mass 1.50x105kg and diameter 4.40m that rotates
at 3000rpm (314rad/s) about its center of mass. What its
kinetic energy?
(a) 1.11x109J
(b) 1.79x1010J
(c) 4.82x1010J
(2) A car delivers 175Nm of torque at 5000rpm. What is the
power output of the car at that engine speed?
(a) 91.5KW
(b) 103KW
(c) 2.00kW

(3) For a hoop lying in the -plane, which of the following

requires more work be done by an external agent to accelerate
the hoop from rest to an angular speed ?
a. Rotation about the -axis through the center of the hoop
b. Rotation about the axis parallel to the -axis passing
through a point on the hoops rim
c. Rotation about an axis parallel to the -axis a distance 3
from the center of the loop

4-5) The flywheel of an engine has moment of inertia

2.50kgm2 about its rotation axis. The flywheel rotates at
41.9rad/s in 8.00s starting from rest.
(4) What is the angular acceleration of the flywheel?
(5) What is the torque applied on the flywheel?

Seatwork
- seatwork will be checked at the
end of the class
- if wrong, write the correct
answer
- in checking: place the score
above the checkers name
- the checker must sign under
his/her name & student number

October 15, 2014

1. Blah? X Bleh!!!
2. Blah blah!

3. Blah blah blah!

4. Blah blah blah blah!

Score: 3/4
Checked by:
(signed)
Albert Einstein Jr.
(2013-24601)

20

Seatwork 1

(b)

Seatwork 2:

(a)