Professional Documents
Culture Documents
AL
1orAll
Party
Consent
Summary
StatuteCommunications
StatuteVideos
Theconsentofatleastonepartytoacommunication
isneededtorecordaprivateconversation,though,
thereisnoneedtoobtainconsenttorecord
conversationsheldinpublicplaces,wherethereisno
reasonableexpectationofprivacy.
Apersoncommitsthecrimeofcriminaleavesdropping
(tooverhear,record,amplifyortransmitanypartof
theprivatecommunicationofotherswithoutthe
consentofatleastoneofthepersonsengagedinthe
communication)ifheintentionallyusesanydeviceto
eavesdrop,whetherornotheispresentatthetime.
Ala.Code13A1131
Apersoncommitsthecrimeofcriminalsurveillanceif
heintentionallyengagesinsurveillancewhile
trespassinginaprivateplace(aplacewhereonemay
reasonablyexpecttobesafefromcasualorhostile
intrusionorsurveillance,butsuchtermdoesnot
includeaplacetowhichthepublicorasubstantial
groupofthepublichasaccess.).Ala.Code13A1132
1
Secretobservationorphotographywhiletrespassing
onprivatepropertyisnotallowed,however,theuseof
anysuchrecordingdevicespositionedinareasto
whichthepublichasaccessisnotcriminalized.
AK
AZ
Theconsentofatleastonepartytoacommunication Apersonmaynotuseaneavesdroppingdevice(any
isneededtorecordaconversation.
devicecapableofbeingusedtohearorrecordoral
conversationwhethertheconversationisconductedin
Apersonmaynotphotographorrecordanintimate
person,bytelephone,orbyanyothermeans)tohear
partofapersonwithouttheconsentofthatperson.
orrecordalloranypartofanoralconversation
withouttheconsentofapartytotheconversation.
AlaskaStat.Ann.42.20.310
Apersonmaynotknowinglyview,orproduceapicture
of,theprivateexposureofthegenitals,anus,or
femalebreastofanotherpersonandtheviewor
productioniswithouttheknowledgeorconsentofthe
personviewedorshowninthepicture,iftheperson
viewedorshownisatleast13yearsofage.However,it
isanaffirmativedefensethattheviewingor
photographywasconductedasasecuritysurveillance
system,noticeoftheviewingorphotographywas
posted,andanyviewingoruseofpicturesproducedis
doneonlyintheinterestofcrimepreventionor
prosecution.AlaskaStat.Ann.11.61.123
STATE
AR
1orAll
Party
Consent
Summary
StatuteCommunications
StatuteVideos
CA
CO
All
Itisunlawfulforapersonto,intentionallyandwithout Anypersonwholooksthroughaholeoropening,into,
orotherwiseviews,bymeansofanyinstrumentality,
theconsentofallpartiestoaconfidential
including,butnotlimitedto,aperiscope,telescope,
communication(anycommunicationcarriedonin
binoculars,camera,motionpicturecamera,
circumstancesasmayreasonablyindicatethatany
partytothecommunicationdesiresittobeconfined camcorder,ormobilephone,theinteriorofa
tothepartiesthereto,butexcludesacommunication bedroom,bathroom,changingroom,fittingroom,
madeinapublicgatheringorinanylegislative,judicial, dressingroom,ortanningbooth,ortheinteriorofany
executiveoradministrativeproceedingopentothe
otherareainwhichtheoccupanthasareasonable
Itisprohibitedtosecretlyrecordapersonwhileinany public,orinanyothercircumstanceinwhichthe
expectationofprivacy,withtheintenttoinvadethe
areawherethepersonhasareasonableexpectationof partiestothecommunicationmayreasonablyexpect privacyofapersonorpersonsinside.Cal.PenalCode
thatthecommunicationmaybeoverheardor
privacy.
647(j)
recorded),bymeansofanyelectronicamplifyingor
recordingdevice,eavesdropuponorrecordthe
confidentialcommunication,whetherthe
communicationiscarriedonamongthepartiesinthe
presenceofoneanother.Cal.PenalCode632
Theconsentofatleastoneparticipanttoa
Anypersonnotvisiblypresentduringaconversationor Apersonwhoknowinglyobservesortakesa
photographofanotherperson'sintimatepartswithout
conversationisrequiredbeforeanyrecordingcantake discussioncommitseavesdroppingifheknowingly
place.
overhearsorrecordssuchconversationordiscussion thatperson'sconsent,inasituationwheretheperson
withouttheconsentofatleastoneoftheprincipal
observedorphotographedhasareasonable
Thestateprohibitsunderitsprivacylawsanyonefrom partiesthereto,orattemptstodoso.Colo.Rev.Stat. expectationofprivacy,commitscriminalinvasionof
knowinglyobservingortakinganyvisualimagesof
189304
privacy.Colo.Rev.Stat.187801
anotherpersonsbodywithoutconsentinsituations
wherethesubjectofthefilmingorphotographyhasa
reasonableexpectationofprivacy.
STATE
CT
DE
D.C.
1orAll
Party
Consent
Summary
StatuteCommunications
StatuteVideos
Apersonmaynotinstallinanyprivateplace,without
consentofthepersonorpersonsentitledtoprivacy
there,anydeviceforobserving,photographing,
recording,amplifyingorbroadcastingsoundsorevents
inthatplace;orinstalloruseoutsideaprivateplace
anydeviceforhearing,recording,amplifyingor
broadcastingsoundsoriginatinginthat
placewhichwouldnotordinarilybeaudibleor
comprehensibleoutside,withouttheconsentofthe
personorpersonsentitledtoprivacythere.Del.Code
Ann.tit.11,1335(2)(3)
STATE
FL
GA
HI
1orAll
Party
Consent
All
Summary
StatuteCommunications
StatuteVideos
Allpartiestoanyconfidentialcommunicationmust
givepermissiontoberecorded.
Itislawfulunderthissectionforapersontointercept
awire,oral,orelectroniccommunication(Oral
communicationmeansanyoralcommunication
Apersonmayhaveavideosurveillancesystemif
utteredbyapersonexhibitinganexpectationthat
writtennoticeisclearlypostedonthepremisesorthe suchcommunicationisnotsubjecttointerception
presenceofthedeviceisclearlyandimmediately
undercircumstancesjustifyingsuchexpectationand
obvious.
doesnotmeananypublicoralcommunicationuttered
atapublicmeetingoranyelectroniccommunication)
whenallofthepartiestothecommunicationhave
givenpriorconsenttosuchinterception.Fla.Stat.
934.03(2)(d)
Apersonmayhaveasecuritysystemwhenawritten
noticeisconspicuouslypostedonthepremisesstating
thatavideosurveillancesystemhasbeeninstalledfor
thepurposeofsecurityforthepremises;orhavea
videosurveillancedevicethatisinstalledinsucha
mannerthatthepresenceofthedeviceisclearlyand
immediatelyobvious.Fla.Stat.810.145(5)(b)(c)
Apersonmayrecordoralconversationswhereeither Apersonmayinterceptawire,oral,orelectronic
communicationwheresuchpersonisapartytothe
thepersonisapartytotheconversationoratleast
oneoftheparticipantshasconsentedtotherecording. communicationoroneofthepartiestothe
communicationhasgivenpriorconsenttosuch
Theuseofacameraisprohibitedwithoutconsentof interception.Ga.CodeAnn.161166(a)
allpersonsobservedforanyeventsthathappenina
privateplace.Except,apersonmayuseadevicefor
securityprivilegesintheirresidence.
Itisunlawfulforanyperson,throughtheuseofany
device,withouttheconsentofallpersonsobserved,to
observe,photograph,orrecordtheactivitiesof
anotherwhichoccurinanyprivateplaceandoutof
publicview.However,itisnotunlawfultousefor
securitypurposes,crimeprevention,orcrime
detectionanydevicetoobserve,photograph,or
recordtheactivitiesofpersonswhoarewithinthe
curtilageoftheresidenceofthepersonusingsuch
device,withouttheconsentofanypersonobserved,
photographed,orrecorded.161162(2)
Apersonmayrecordoralconversationswhereeither Itshallnotbeunlawfulforapersonnotactingunder
thepersonisapartytotheconversationoratleast
coloroflawtointerceptawire,oral,orelectronic
oneoftheparticipantshasconsentedtotherecording. communicationwhenthepersonisapartytothe
communicationorwhenoneofthepartiestothe
Apersonmaynotuseadeviceinaprivateplace
communicationhasgivenpriorconsenttothe
withoutconsentofthepersonsentitledtoprivacy
interceptionunlessthecommunicationisintercepted
therein.
forthepurposeofcommittinganycriminalortortious
actinviolationoftheConstitutionorlawsofthe
UnitedStatesorofthisState.Haw.Rev.Stat.803
42(3)(a)
Itisunlawfultoinstalloruse,orboth,inanyprivate
place,withoutconsentofthepersonorpersons
entitledtoprivacytherein,anymeansordevicefor
observing,recording,amplifying,orbroadcasting
soundsoreventsinthatplaceotherthananother
personinastageofundressorsexualactivity;orinstall
oruseoutsideaprivateplaceanydeviceforhearing,
recording,amplifying,orbroadcastingsounds
originatinginthatplacewhichwouldnotordinarilybe
audibleorcomprehensibleoutside,withoutthe
consentofthepersonorpersonsentitledtoprivacy
therein.Haw.Rev.Stat.7111111(d)(e)
STATE
ID
IL
1orAll
Party
Consent
All
Summary
StatuteCommunications
StatuteVideos
Apersonmayrecordoralconversationswhereatleast Itislawfulforapersontointerceptawire,electronic
oneoftheparticipantshasconsentedtotherecording. ororalcommunicationwhenoneofthepartiestothe
communicationhasgivenpriorconsenttosuch
Videolawsforsexualreasonsarenotpermitted
interception.Though,Itisunlawfultointerceptany
withoutconsent.
communicationforthepurposeofcommittingany
criminalact.IdahoCodeAnn.186702(2)(d)(e)
Itisunlawfulto,fortheintentofsexualgratification,
installoranimagingdeviceataplacewhereaperson
wouldhaveareasonableexpectationofprivacy,
withouttheknowledgeorconsentofthepersonusing
suchplace.IdahoCodeAnn.186609(2)(a).
Allpartiestoaconversationtogiveconsentbeforeone Apersonmaynotuseaneavesdroppingdevice,ina
canrecordanypartofanoralconversation.
surreptitiousmanner,forthepurposeofoverhearing,
transmitting,orrecordingalloranypartofanyprivate
Apersonmaynotvideotapeanotherwithoutthat
conversationtowhichheorsheisnotapartyunless
heorshedoessowiththeconsentofalloftheparties
personsconsentinarestroom,tanningbed/salon,
lockerroom,changingroomorhotelbedroom,orin totheprivateconversation.720Ill.CompiledStat.
theirresidencewithouttheirconsent.
5/142(a)(1)
Itisunlawfulforanypersontoknowinglymakeavideo
recordortransmitlivevideoofanotherpersonina
restroom,tanningbed,tanningsalon,lockerroom,
changingroom,hotelbedroom,orinthatother
person'sresidencewithoutthatperson'sconsent.720
Ill.CompiledStat.5/264(a)(a5)
"Interception",meanstheintentionalrecordingor
Apersonwhoknowinglyorintentionally:peeps(any
acquisitionofthecontentsofanelectronic
lookingofaclandestine,surreptitious,prying,or
secretivenature,includingwithacamera);orgoes
communicationbyapersonotherthanasenderor
receiverofthatcommunication,withouttheconsent uponthelandofanotherwiththeintenttopeepinto
ofthesenderorreceiver,bymeansofanyinstrument, anoccupieddwellingofanotherperson;orwho
Apersonmaynotpeep(withorwithoutacamera)into device,orequipmentunderthisarticle.Ind.CodeAnn. knowinglyorintentionallypeepsintoanareawherean
anareawhereapersonhasanexpectationofprivacy 3531.52176
occupantoftheareareasonablycanbeexpectedto
withoutconsentoftheotherperson.
disrobe,including:restrooms;baths;showers;and
dressingrooms;withouttheconsentoftheother
person,commitsvoyeurism.Ind.CodeAnn.35454
5(d)
Apersonmaynotinterceptanytelephoneor
electroniccommunicationunlessatleastoneparty
givestheirconsent.Inpersonconversationsdonot
appeartobecoveredbythelaw.
IN
IA
STATE
1orAll
Party
Consent
Summary
Apersonmaynotsecretlyuseanydevicetolistento,
recordoramplifyaprivateconversationinaprivate
placewithouttheconsentofatleastoneparty.
KS
Apersonmaynotfilmorphotographanotherperson
whoisnudeorinastateofundresswithoutthe
personsconsentinaplacewherethepersonhasa
reasonableexpectationofprivacy.
StatuteCommunications
StatuteVideos
Apersonmaynotknowinglyandwithoutlawful
authorityinstallingorusingoutsideorinsideaprivate
placeanydeviceforhearing,recording,amplifyingor
broadcastingsoundsoriginatinginsuchplace,which
soundswouldnotordinarilybeaudibleor
comprehensiblewithouttheuseofsuchdevice,
withouttheconsentofthepersonorpersonsentitled
toprivacytherein.Kan.Stat.Ann.216101(4)
Breachofprivacyisknowinglyandwithoutlawful
authorityinstallingorusingaconcealedcamcorder,
motionpicturecameraorphotographiccameraofany
type,tosecretlyvideotape,film,photographorrecord
byelectronicorothermeans,another,identifiable
personunderorthroughtheclothingbeingwornby
thatotherpersonoranother,identifiablepersonwho
isnudeorinastateofundress,forthepurposeof
viewingthebodyof,ortheundergarmentswornby,
thatotherperson,withouttheconsentorknowledge
ofthatotherperson,withtheintenttoinvadethe
privacyofthatotherperson,undercircumstancesin
whichtheotherpersonhasareasonableexpectation
ofprivacy.Kan.Stat.Ann.216101(6)
Apersonmaynotuseanycamera,videotape,photo
Apersonisguiltyofeavesdropping(tooverhear,
record,amplifyortransmitanypartofawireororal optical,photoelectric,orotherimagerecordingdevice
forthepurposeofobserving,viewing,photographing,
communicationofotherswithouttheconsentofat
filming,orvideotapingthesexualconduct,genitals,an
leastonepartytheretobymeansofanyelectronic,
Apersonmaynotuseahiddencameraoranyimage mechanicalorotherdevice)whenheintentionallyuses undergarmentwornwithoutbeingpubliclyvisible,or
recordingdevicetoview,photographorfilmaperson anydevicetoeavesdrop,whetherornotheispresent nippleofthefemalebreastofanotherpersonwithout
thatperson'sconsent,whentheotherpersonisina
whoisnudeorperformingsexualconductwithoutthe atthetime.Ky.Rev.Stat.Ann.526.020
placewhereareasonablepersonwouldbelievethat
personsconsentinaplacewherethepersonhasa
reasonableexpectationofprivacy
hisorhersexualconduct,genitals,undergarments,or
nippleofthefemalebreastwillnotbeobserved,
viewed,photographed,filmed,orvideotapedwithout
hisorherknowledgeKy.Rev.Stat.Ann.531.090
Apersonmaynotoverhearorrecordanoral
communicationwithouttheconsentofatleastone
partytothatcommunication.
KY
LA
STATE
ME
MD
MA
1orAll
Party
Consent
All
All
Summary
StatuteCommunications
StatuteVideos
Apersonmaynotplaceorprocureanothertoplacea
cameraonrealpropertywhereaprivateresidenceis
locatedtoconductdeliberatesurreptitious
observationofanindividualinsidetheprivate
residence.Thisdoesnotapplyto:anadultresidentof
theprivateresidencewhereacameraisplaced;a
personwhoplacesorprocuresanothertoplacea
cameraonrealpropertywithouttheintenttoconduct
deliberatesurreptitiousobservationofanindividual
insidetheprivateresidence;orapersonwhohas
obtainedtheconsentofanadultresident,ortheadult
resident'slegalguardian,toplaceacameraonreal
propertytoconductdeliberatesurreptitious
observationofanindividualinsidetheprivate
residence.Md.Crim.Law3903(b)(1)(3),(c)
Allpartiestoaconversationtogiveconsentbeforeone Apersonmaynotwillfullycommitaninterception(to
canrecordanyprivateoralconversation.
secretlyhear,secretlyrecord,oraidanotherto
secretlyhearorsecretlyrecordthecontentsofany
Apersonmaynotphotograph,videotapeoruseany wireororalcommunicationthroughtheuseofany
electronicdevicetosecretlyobserveanotherpersonin interceptingdevicebyanypersonotherthanaperson
thenudewithoutconsentinareaswherethesubject givenpriorauthoritybyallpartiestosuch
communication),attempttocommitaninterception,
wouldhaveareasonableexpectationofprivacy.
orprocureanyotherpersontocommitaninterception
ortoattempttocommitaninterceptionofanywireor
oralcommunication.Mass.Ann.Lawsch.272,99(C)
Apersonmaynotwillfullyphotograph,videotapeor
electronicallysurveilanotherpersonwhoisnudeor
partiallynude,withtheintenttosecretlyconductor
hidesuchactivity,whentheotherpersoninsuchplace
andcircumstancewouldhaveareasonable
expectationofprivacyinnotbeingsophotographed,
videotapedorelectronicallysurveilled,andwithout
thatperson'sknowledgeandconsent.Mass.Gen.
Lawsch.272,105(b)
STATE
MI
MN
MS
1orAll
Party
Consent
All
Summary
StatuteCommunications
Allpartiestoaconversationtogiveconsentbeforeone Apersonwhoispresentorwhoisnotpresentduringa
canrecordanyprivateoralconversation.
privateconversationandmaynotwillfullyuseany
devicetoeavesdropupontheconversationwithout
Apersonmaynotuseadeviceinaprivateplace
theconsentofallpartiesthereto.Mich.Comp.Laws
withoutconsentofthepersonsentitledtoprivacy
750.539c
therein.
StatuteVideos
Apersonmaynotinstall,place,oruseinanyprivate
place,withouttheconsentofthepersonorpersons
entitledtoprivacyinthatplace,anydevicefor
observing,recording,transmitting,photographing,or
eavesdroppinguponthesoundsoreventsinthat
place.Mich.Comp.Laws750.539d
STATE
MO
1orAll
Party
Consent
Summary
NE
All
StatuteVideos
Apersonmayrecordoralconversationswhereeither Apersonnotactingunderlawmayinterceptawire
thepersonisapartytotheconversationoratleast
communicationwheresuchpersonisapartytothe
oneoftheparticipantshasconsentedtotherecording. communicationorwhereoneofthepartiestothe
communicationhasgivenpriorconsenttosuch
Apersonmaynotphotographorrecordafullyor
interceptionunlesssuchcommunicationisintercepted
partiallynudepersoninaplacewherethepersonhasa forthepurposeofcommittinganycriminalortortious
act.Mo.Rev.Stat.542.402.2(2)
reasonableexpectationofprivacy.
Apersonmaynotphotograph,film,videotape,
produce,orotherwisecreateanimageofanother
person,withouttheperson'sconsent,whiletheperson
isinastateoffullorpartialnudityandisinaplace
whereonewouldhaveareasonableexpectationof
privacy;orphotograph,film,videotape,produce,or
otherwisecreateanimageofanotherpersonunderor
throughtheclothingwornbythatotherpersonforthe
purposeofviewingthebodyofortheundergarments
wornbythatotherpersonwithoutthatperson's
consent.Mo.Rev.Stat.565.252.1(1)(2)
Apersonmaynotrecordorcausetoberecordeda
conversationbyuseofahiddenelectronicor
mechanicaldevicethatreproducesahuman
conversationwithouttheknowledgeofallpartiesto
theconversation.Though,thisdoesnotapplyto
personsgivenwarningofthetranscriptionor
Apersonmaynotsurreptitiouslyphotographorrecord recording,andifonepersonprovidesthewarning,
anyoccupantofahome,apartmentorother
eitherpartymayrecord.Mont.CodeAnn.458
residence.
213(c)
Apersoncommitstheoffenseofsurreptitiousvisual
observationorrecordationinaplaceofresidenceif
thepersonpurposelyorknowinglyhides,waits,or
otherwiseloitersinpersonorbymeansofaremote
electronicdevicewithinorinthevicinityofaprivate
dwellinghouse,apartment,orotherplaceofresidence
forthepurposeof:watching,gazingat,orlooking
uponanyoccupantintheresidenceinasurreptitious
mannerwithouttheoccupant'sknowledge;orby
meansofanelectronicdevice,surreptitiously
observingorrecordingthevisualimageofany
occupantintheresidencewithouttheoccupant's
knowledge.Mont.CodeAnn.455223(1)
Apersonmaynotrecordaconversationbyuseofa
hiddenelectronicormechanicaldevicewithoutthe
knowledgeofallpartiestotheconversation.The
prohibitiondoesnotapply,however,totherecording
ofindividualsgivenwarningoftherecording.
MT
StatuteCommunications
STATE
1orAll
Party
Consent
Summary
Apersonmaynotsurreptitiouslyrecordanyprivate
conversationengagedinbyotherpersonsunless
authorizedtodosobyoneofthepartiestothe
conversation.
NV
NH
NJ
All
Apersonmaynotphotographorrecordthe"private
areaofapersoninaplacewherethepersonhasa
reasonableexpectationofprivacy.
StatuteCommunications
StatuteVideos
Apersonshallnotintrudeupontheprivacyofother
Apersonshallnotknowinglyandintentionallycapture
personsbysurreptitiouslylisteningto,monitoringor animageoftheprivatearea(thenakedor
undergarmentcladgenitals,pubicarea,buttocksor
recording,orattemptingtolistento,monitoror
femalebreastofaperson)ofanotherperson:without
record,bymeansofanymechanical,electronicor
theconsentoftheotherperson;andunder
otherlisteningdevice,anyprivateconversation
circumstancesinwhichtheotherpersonhasa
engagedinbytheotherpersons,ordisclosethe
reasonableexpectationofprivacy.Nev.Rev.Stat.
existence,content,substance,purport,effector
meaningofanyconversationsolistenedto,monitored 200.604(1)
orrecorded,unlessauthorizedtodosobyoneofthe
personsengagingintheconversation.Nev.Rev.Stat.
200.650
Apersonmaynot,withouttheconsentofthepersons
Allpartiestoaconversationtogiveconsentbeforeone Aperson,withouttheconsentofallpartiestothe
canrecordanyoralconversation.
communication,maynot:willfullyintercept,endeavor entitledtoprivacytherein,installoruse:inanyprivate
tointercept,orprocureanyotherpersontointercept place,anydeviceforthepurposeofobserving,
Apersonmaynotuseadeviceinsideanyprivateplace orendeavortointercept,anytelecommunicationor
photographing,recording,amplifyingorbroadcasting,
tosecretlytransmitimagesorsounds,withoutconsent oralcommunication;orwillfullyuse,endeavortouse, orinanywaytransmittingimagesorsoundsinsuch
orprocureanyotherpersontouseorendeavortouse place;oroutsideaprivateplace,anydeviceforthe
bythepersonsentitledtoprivacytherein.Alsomay
notuseadeviceoutsideaprivateplacetransmitting anyelectronic,mechanical,orotherdevicetointercept purposeofhearing,recording,amplifying,
anyoralcommunication.N.H.Rev.Stat.Ann.570
imagesorsoundsoriginatinginsuchplacewhich
broadcasting,orinanywaytransmittingimagesor
wouldnotordinarilybeaudibleorcomprehensible
soundsoriginatinginsuchplacewhichwouldnot
A:2(1)
outsidesuchplace,withoutconsentbythepersons
ordinarilybeaudibleorcomprehensibleoutsidesuch
entitledtoprivacytherein.
place.N.H.Rev.Stat.Ann644:9(1)
Apersonmayrecordoralconversationswhereeither Apersonnotactingundercoloroflawmayintercepta Apersonmaynotphotograph,film,videotape,record,
orotherwisereproduceinanymanner,theimageof
wire,electronicororalcommunication,wheresuch
thepersonisapartytotheconversationoratleast
oneoftheparticipantshasconsentedtotherecording. personisapartytothecommunicationoroneofthe anotherpersonwhoseintimatepartsareexposedor
partiestothecommunicationhasgivenpriorconsent whoisengagedinanactofsexualpenetrationor
Apersonmaynotphotographorrecordtheintimate tosuchinterceptionunlesssuchcommunicationis
sexualcontact,withoutthatperson'sconsentand
partsofapersonoroneengagedinasexualactina
interceptedorusedforthepurposeofcommittingany undercircumstancesinwhichareasonableperson
placewherethepersonhasareasonableexpectation criminalortortiousact.N.J.Stat.Ann.2A:156A4(d) wouldnotexpecttobeobserved.N.J.Stat.Ann.
2C:149(b)
ofprivacy.
STATE
NM
NY
1orAll
Party
Consent
Summary
Apersonmaynotcopyanymessageorcommunication Apersonmaynotread,interrupt,takeorcopyany
message,communicationorreportintendedfor
bytelephonewithouttheconsentofasenderor
anotherbytelegraphortelephonewithoutthe
intendedrecipientthereof.
consentofasenderorintendedrecipientthereof.
Apersonmaynotphotographorrecordtheintimate N.M.Stat.Ann.30121(c)
areasofapersoninaplacewherethepersonhasa
reasonableexpectationofprivacy.
StatuteVideos
Apersonmaynotintentionallyusingtheunaidedeye
tovieworintentionallyusinganinstrumentalityto
view,photograph,videotape,film,webcastorrecord
theintimateareasofanotherpersonwithoutthe
knowledgeandconsentofthatperson:whilethe
personisintheinteriorofabedroom,bathroom,
changingroom,fittingroom,dressingroomortanning
boothortheinteriorofanyotherareainwhichthe
personhasareasonableexpectationofprivacy;or
undercircumstanceswherethepersonhasa
reasonableexpectationofprivacy,whetherinapublic
orprivateplace.N.M.Stat.Ann.30920(A)
NC
StatuteCommunications
Apersonmaynotphotographorrecord,forthe
purposeofarousingsexualdesireofanyperson,a
personinaroomwherethepersonhasareasonable
expectationofprivacy,withouttheirconsent.
Apersonmaynot,withouttheconsentofatleastone
partytothecommunication,willfullyintercept,
endeavortointercept,orprocureanyotherpersonto
interceptorendeavortointercept,anywire,oral(any
oralcommunicationutteredbyapersonexhibitingan
expectationthatsuchcommunicationisnotsubjectto
interceptionundercircumstancesjustifyingsuch
expectation),orelectroniccommunication.N.C.Gen.
Stat.Ann.15A287(a)(1)
Apersonmaynot,forthepurposeofarousingor
gratifyingthesexualdesireofanyperson,secretlyor
surreptitiouslyusesorinstallsinaroomanydevice
thatcanbeusedtocreateaphotographicimagewith
theintenttocapturetheimageofanotherwithout
theirconsent.N.C.Gen.Stat.Ann.14202(f)
STATE
ND
1orAll
Party
Consent
OH
OK
OR
All
Summary
StatuteCommunications
StatuteVideos
Apersonmaynotknowinglymakeorrecorda
photograph,motionpicture,videotapeorothervisual
recordingofanotherpersoninastateofnudity
withouttheconsentofthepersonbeingrecorded,ifat
thetimethevisualrecordingismadeorrecordedthe
personbeingrecordedisinaplaceandcircumstances
wherethepersonhasareasonableexpectationof
personalprivacy.Or.Rev.Stat.Ann.163.700(1)(a)
STATE
1orAll
Party
Consent
Summary
Apersonmaynotrecordanoralcommunication
wherethereisanexpectationofprivacyunlessall
partiesconsent.
PA
RI
SC
All
StatuteCommunications
Apersonmayinterceptawire,electronicororal
communication(anyoralcommunicationutteredbya
personpossessinganexpectationthatsuch
communicationisnotsubjecttointerceptionunder
Apersonmaynotphotographorrecordafullyor
circumstancesjustifyingsuchexpectation),whereall
partiallynudepersoninaplacewherethepersonhasa partiestothecommunicationhavegivenpriorconsent
reasonableexpectationofprivacy.
tosuchinterception.18Pa.Cons.Stat.Ann.5704(4)
StatuteVideos
Apersonmaynot,forthepurposeofarousingor
gratifyingthesexualdesireofanyperson,view,
photograph,videotape,electronicallydepict,filmor
otherwiserecordanotherpersonwithoutthatperson's
knowledgeandconsentwhilethatpersonisinastate
offullorpartialnudityandisinaplacewherethat
personwouldhaveareasonableexpectationof
privacy.18Pa.Cons.Stat.Ann.7507.1(a)(1)
STATE
SD
TN
TX
UT
1orAll
Party
Consent
Summary
StatuteCommunications
StatuteVideos
STATE
VT
VA
1orAll
Party
Consent
N/A
Summary
StatuteCommunications
StatuteVideos
Nospecificstatelaw,butcaselawhassaidthat
TherearenospecificstatutesinVermontaddressing
surreptitiouselectronicmonitoringofcommunications interceptionofcommunications,buttheState
inapersonshomeisanunlawfulinvasionofprivacy. SupremeCourthasheldthatsurreptitiouselectronic
monitoringofcommunicationsinapersonshomeis
Apersonmaynotsecretlyphotographorrecorda
anunlawfulinvasionofprivacy.Vermontv.Geraw,
personinaplacewherethepersonhasareasonable 795A.2d1219(Vt.2002)
expectationofprivacywithinaresidence.
Nopersonshallintentionallyconductsurveillanceor
intentionallyphotograph,film,orrecordinanyformat
apersonwithoutthatperson'sknowledgeandconsent
whilethepersonbeingsurveilled,photographed,
filmed,orrecordedisinaplacewhereheorshewould
haveareasonableexpectationofprivacywithina
homeorresidence.Vt.Stat.Ann.tit.13,2605(d)
Apersonmayrecordoralconversationswhereeither Apersonmayinterceptawire,electronicororal
thepersonisapartytotheconversationoratleast
communication,wheresuchpersonisapartytothe
oneoftheparticipantshasconsentedtotherecording. communicationoroneofthepartiestothe
communicationhasgivenpriorconsenttosuch
Apersonmaynotphotographorrecordafullyor
interception.Va.CodeAnn.19.262(B)(2)
partiallynudeperson,inaplacewherethepersonhas
areasonableexpectationofprivacy.
Itshallbeunlawfulforanypersontoknowinglyand
intentionallycreateanyvideographicorstillimageby
anymeanswhatsoeverofanynonconsentingpersonif
(i)thatpersonistotallynude,cladinundergarments,
orinastateofundresssoastoexposethegenitals,
pubicarea,buttocksorfemalebreastinarestroom,
dressingroom,lockerroom,hotelroom,motelroom,
tanningbed,tanningbooth,bedroomorother
location;or(ii)thevideographicorstillimageis
createdbyplacingthelensorimagegathering
componentoftherecordingdeviceinaposition
directlybeneathorbetweenaperson'slegsforthe
purposeofcapturinganimageoftheperson'sintimate
partsorundergarmentscoveringthoseintimateparts
whentheintimatepartsorundergarmentswouldnot
otherwisebevisibletothegeneralpublic;andwhen
thecircumstancessetforthinclause(i)or(ii)are
otherwisesuchthatthepersonbeingrecordedwould
haveareasonableexpectationofprivacy.Va.Code
Ann.18.2386.1(A)
STATE
WA
WV
WI
1orAll
Party
Consent
Summary
StatuteCommunications
StatuteVideos
Apersonmaynotrecordaconversationunlessallof
theparticipantsgiveconsentorareinformedthatthe
conversationisbeingrecordedandtheannouncement
isrecordedaswell.
Apersonmaynotinterceptorrecordaprivate
conversation,byanydeviceelectronicorotherwise
designedtorecordortransmitsuchconversation
regardlesshowthedeviceispoweredoractuated
withoutfirstobtainingtheconsentofallthepersons
engagedintheconversation.However,consentshall
Apersonmaynotphotographorrecord,forthe
purposeofarousingorgratifyingthesexualdesireof beconsideredobtainedwheneveronepartyhas
anyperson,anotherpersoninaplacewhereheorshe announcedtoallotherpartiesengagedinthe
hasareasonableexpectationofprivacy.
communicationorconversation,inanyreasonably
effectivemanner,thatsuchcommunicationor
conversationisabouttoberecordedortransmitted:
PROVIDED,Thatiftheconversationistoberecorded
thatsaidannouncementshallalsoberecorded.Wash.
Rev.CodeAnn.9.73.030(1)(b),(3)
Apersonmaynot,forthepurposeofarousingor
gratifyingthesexualdesireofanyperson,knowingly
view,photograph,orfilm:anotherpersonwithoutthat
person'sknowledgeandconsentwhiletheperson
beingviewed,photographed,orfilmedisinaplace
whereheorshewouldhaveareasonableexpectation
ofprivacy;ortheintimateareasofanotherperson
withoutthatperson'sknowledgeandconsentand
undercircumstanceswherethepersonhasa
reasonableexpectationofprivacy,whetherinapublic
orprivateplace.Wash.Rev.CodeAnn.9A.44.115(2)
Apersonmayrecordoralconversationswhereeither Apersonmayinterceptawire,oralorelectronic
thepersonisapartytotheconversationoratleast
communicationwherethepersonisapartytothe
oneoftheparticipantshasconsentedtotherecording. communicationorwhereoneofthepartiestothe
communicationhasgivenpriorconsenttothe
Apersonmaynotphotographorrecordafullyor
interceptionunlessthecommunicationisintercepted
partiallynudepersoninaplacewherethepersonhasa forthepurposeofcommittinganycriminalortortious
reasonableexpectationofprivacy.
act.W.Va.Code621D3(e)
Itisunlawfulforapersontoknowinglyvisuallyportray
anotherpersonwithoutthatotherperson's
knowledge,whilethatotherpersonisfullyorpartially
nudeandisinaplacewhereareasonableperson
wouldhaveanexpectationofprivacy.W.Va.Code
61828(b)
All
STATE
WY
1orAll
Party
Consent
Summary
StatuteCommunications
Apersonmayrecordoralconversationswhereeither Apersonmayinterceptanoral,wireorelectronic
thepersonisapartytotheconversationoratleast
communicationwherethepersonisapartytothe
oneoftheparticipantshasconsentedtotherecording. communicationorwhereoneofthepartiestothe
communicationhasgivenpriorconsenttothe
Apersonmaynotphotographorrecord,ina
interceptionunlessthecommunicationisintercepted
surreptitiousnature,apersoninanenclosedplace
forthepurposeofcommittinganycriminalortortious
act.Wyo.Stat.Ann.73702(b)(iv)
wherethepersonhasareasonableexpectationof
privacy.
StatuteVideos
Apersonmaynot,withouttheconsentoftheperson
beingviewed,lookinaclandestine,surreptitious,
pryingorsecretivenatureintoanenclosedareawhere
thepersonbeingviewedhasareasonableexpectation
ofprivacy,including,butnotlimitedto:restrooms;
baths;showers;ordressingorfittingrooms.Wyo.Stat.
Ann.64304(a)