You are on page 1of 29

MPU3123: TAMADUN ISLAM DAN TAMADUN ASIA

GROUP NO 47 - CHINESE CIVILISATION


SAM PO KENG TEMPLE, MALACCA
SENARAI NAMA KUMPULAN
BIL

NO. ID

NAMA

0322548

EE HUI TENG

0322662

DARREN TAN QUAN WEN

0323398

DARREN TAN YONG TEE

0323741

DAYANG NADRAH AIDHA BINTI AWG IDRUS

0323648

DANA KAN JIA TORNG

0323964

CRYSTAL CHIA FYE JZNG

0324249

CRYSLYN TAN ZHIA LYN

0326499

CHRISTINA HO CHIA HUI

0324152

CHUNG HOW CYONG

10

0323708

DANICA GAN JIA-EN

11

0323944

DIXON KEE TET LUN

CATATAN

PENILAIAN
ASPEK PENILAIAN

MARKAH

PENGENALAN

/3)

HASIL KAJIAN

RELEVAN DAN TEPAT

/4)

HURAIAN JELAS DAN TERSUSUN

/4)

PERBINCANGAN DAN PERBAHASAN

/10)

JURNAL PERJALANAN

/4)

KESIMPULAN

/3)

BAHASA DAN FORMAT

/2)

MARKAH KESELURUHAN

/30)

PENILAIAN OLEH
NAMA

: FADHILAH RAIHAN BINTI LOKMAN

TABLE OF CONTENTS
NO.

CONTENTS

PAGE

1.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

2.

INTRODUCTION

2-3

3.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

4.

RESEARCH FINDINGS

5-9

5.

TRAVEL JOURNALS

10-24

6.

CONCLUSION

25

7.

APPENDIXES

26

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We, Christina Ho Chia Hui, Chung How Cyong, Cryslyn Tan Zhia Lyn, Crystal
Chia Fye Jzng, Dayang Nadrah, Darren Tan Quan Wen, Darren Tan Yong Tee,
Dana Kan Jia Torng, Danica Gan Jia-En and Ee Hui Teng would like to express our
gratitude towards Ms. Fadhilah Raihan Lokman whose expertise, understanding,
generous guidance and support made it possible for us to ensure that we were on
the right track.
We would also like to thank our parents who have supported us financially to
make this trip possible. Not to forget, the bus driver who has fetched us safely to our
destination and back to campus.
The completion of this assignment could not have been possible without the
participation of all the group members in the group. Everyones contributions towards
this assignment are sincerely appreciated and gratefully acknowledge.

Introduction
China is known as one of the four great ancient civilizations of the world,
together with ancient Egypt, Babylon and India. The only civilization that has
continued to this very day is the Chinese.
Our group had chosen Sam Po Keng Temple as our historical site for
research. The reason why we choose Sam Po Keng Temple as our groups
architecture was because the temple is built in a way that is very reminiscent of the
Chinese architecture that is found in many traditional cities in China, but is actually
quite different to the majority of traditional buildings found in Malaysia.
The Sam Po Keng Temple also known as the Po San Teng Temple. Sam Po
Keng Temple is the temple which is located at the foot of Bukit China in Malacca.
Based on the local historian Josephine Chua, the temple was built by her ancestor
Kapitan Chua Su Cheong in the year of 1795 which was also the year when the
Dutch Government had elected him as a Kapitan which means the leader of local
Chinese community.
An inscription on a stela commemorating the founding of the temple reads:
"Bukit Cina is the place where early traders from China were buried. A very high
expectations of success from the Chinese traders when they came to this country but
some died before fulfilling their dreams. There was no one to pray for their souls
because they had no family. In that capacity, the Chinese Kapitans started to pray for
their sake. There was no proper shelter back then, therefore, these were always
hampered by strong winds and heavy rainfalls. So in 1795, Chua Su Cheong looked
into this problem faced by the community and initiated the building of a temple at the
foot of Bukit Cina after he had been appointed the chinese kapitan. This was to
ensure that the prayers for those buried in Bukit Cina would not be disturbed.
Po San Teng is dedicated to Tua Pek Kong (Guardian deity of the land and of
the 12,500 graves on the nearby hill called 'Bukit China'). Most of the time, it is
incorrectly assumed that the temple is associated with Admiral Zheng He, a Mingdynasty navigator. However, there is no evidence shown that Zheng He involved in
the history of the temple.
The name of the temple, Poh San Teng, is carved on a 1795 tablet during its
founding. It is above the front door of the temple. Also, the main deity is "Fu De
Zheng Shen" or "Tua Pek Kong". It is the tradition of the Chinese in China as well as

Malaysia to dedicate graveyard temples to Tua Pek Kong. The name of the temple
came from when the admirals ship miraculously being saved by a fish after it had
been hit by a storm enroute to Malacca from china. The fish mysteriously placed
itself against a damaged hull preventing the ship from taking on water. Theres a well
called Sultans Well which adjacent to the entrance is the main source of fresh water
for the city from 15th century onward. It also known as the Hang Li Po Well.

Objectives of study

To identify factors that contribute to the site historical architecture and presents
within its civilization.
Documenting social network to facilitate dissemination of information
throughout completing the assignment.
To define the significance of the art within the religous monument.
To associate the knowledge with selected demographic variables.
To conduct and experience an excursion for education purpose.

Research Findings of Sam Po Kong Temple,


Melacca
Location
Sam Po Kong temple is located at the foot of Chinese Hill, next to the Malacca
Warrior Monument and Hang Li Poh's Well. This temple was built in 1795.

Materials Used
i. Tiles
The roof apex of the main entrance is usually topped with a ridge of tiles and statues
for both decorative purposes as well as to weigh down the layers of roofing tiles for
stability. These ridges are often well decorated, especially for religious or palatial
structures. The tiles often come with different colors with symbolism meanings.
Symbolism can be found from colors of the eaves, roofing materials and roof top
decorations. Gold is an auspicious color, imperial roofs are gold or yellow. They are
usually used by the emperor. Green roofs symbolize bamboo shafts, which, in turn,
represent youth and longevity.

ii. Granite
The statues of Zheng He and Guardian Lion are made of granite stone. Both statues
stand for purposes and meanings. For Zheng Hes statue, it is specially carved for a
memorial place of Admiral Zheng He; while the Guardian Lion is placed in front of the
temples entrance as they believe to have powerful mythic protective benefits.

iii. Marble
Drawing on a flat, smooth surface of marble is a common ornamentation for temple.
In Sam Po Keng temple, all the drawings shown are related with the historical
background of the building on how Admiral Zheng He affects the Chinese Civilization
in Malacca.

Measurement
The area of the Sam Po Keng temple is roughly 330, in which the distance is 87 m.
It is a small temple but somehow it has the significant meaning for Malacca history.

Style of Architecture

The architectural style of Sam Po Keng temple is the traditional Chinese


architecture. It is influenced by Zheng He during his friendly visit where Chinese
styled buildings started to appear. Although the temple is different to the majority of
traditional buildings found in Malaysia, the temple was built in a way that is familiar to

the Chinese architecture that is easily found in traditional cities of China due to
Zheng He. It has overhanging eaves made of clay tiles jointed by mortar,
ornamented figures of people, flowers or animals located on roof ridges; a big
entrance door in the middle, windows of simple geometrical shape; and colorful
mosaic tiles. All are influenced by Southern Chinese architecture. An important factor
which influences Chinese architecture is the concept Feng Shui". It is a system of
harmonizing the placement of things and objects with the surrounding and how
certain placements affect the energy flow in your living environment. Ornamental
symbolism plays an important part in the conveyance of meaning in placement. The
use of bright colors such as red, orange and yellow has become a characteristic of
the Chinese buildings in which these colors represent an ethnic rite.

Crystals Travel Journal


I was so excited when our group
members decided to choose a site in
Melaka for our assigned first project. I have
never been to Melaka before , thats why I
was thinking about it could be so much fun
because we are going to walk around
Melaka after we have done visited our site.
That morning, I woke up around 6
and prepared myself and ready to meet up
with my group mates in campus. We were
leaving from campus around 8am by bus,
we also joined the day trip to Melaka with
2 other groups too.

After 2 hours sleeping in the bus ,


we finally arrived Po San Teng Temple,
Melaka. We started to look around the
temple and taking a lot of the pictures of
the structure and lastly we took a group
photo. I am not a Buddhist so this is a good
chance to see how a temple is and how
they usually worship inside.

After the Po San Teng Temple, we


were so hungry and the weather was so
hot so all of us decided to take the bus and
went down to Jonker Street . Once we
reached Jonker Street, we ate the chicken
rice ball , cendol and other snacks.

Around 2pm , we all left Melaka


and back to Subang Jaya. Its truly good and
relaxing day trip to me, I met some friends
from the different courses. Special thanks
to our leader, Christina with her great
leadership.

DANICA GAN JIA-EN 0323708


Travel Journal (Sam Po Keng Temple, Melaka)
This is definitely not my first time going to Melaka, but it is the first time that I heard
about the existence of this temple when my group leader introduced this place to us to carry
out our assignment. I was quite excited for this trip, as it was the first trip that I was going
together with my course mates! It took us about 2 hours to get to Sam Po Keng Temple
because the bus was travelling at a rather safe speed.
As we arrived there, we began to observe the surroundings to find out what is so
special about this temple. It was really unfortunate as there was no one to give us an
introduction on the temple. So we had to read the articles that were pinned up. But I could
only understand part of it as some articles were in traditional mandarin so I didnt know how
to read them. It is believed that this temple was actually named after a legendary fish called Sam
Po Keng whereby according to legend that during one of the Admiral's trip to Melaka, his ship
encountered a leak and the fish was accidentally caught in the hole and stopped the leak in the
hull of the ship. It is a temple of multi functions; especially goddess, Tua Pek Gong is a local
Taoism goddess controlling the local land and in charges of wealth. Ma Zhu is the lady god
managing the sea water to ensure safety of people with job related to sea life. Another picture
that is being worshipped is the Kapitan of local Chinese during the Dutch era of Melaka history.

We also visited Hang Li Pos well and Bukit Cina which were just next to the temple.
Hang Li Pos well was the main source of water for Sultan Mansur Shahs daily usage. It is
also believed that whoever that have drank water from this well which never dries out, will
always come back to Melaka. During the Portuguese occupation, the well was poisoned by
the Johor soldiers who caused the death of the Portuguese. The Dutch did the same thing
but then realised the importance of the well and built a wall around it complete with canons
and guard posts. However, during the British colonial period the well was neglected and it all
fell into despair.
Bukit Cina is the ancestral burial ground of Malaccas Chinese community. It has a
monument build to commemorate the lives of thousands of Chinese which were executed
brutally by the Japanese army. It is the largest and oldest Chinese graveyard outside of
China itself with over 12,500 graves. Although it is primarily a graveyard for early Chinese
settlers, the cemetery has about 20 Muslim tombs, too.
After the site visitation, we finally got to enjoy ourselves! A trip to Melaka without
visiting Jonker Street is something big to be missed out. We enjoyed ourselves with
abundance of delicious food such as chicken rice ball, cendol with gula Melaka, pineapple

DANICA GAN JIA-EN 0323708


tarts and many more. We also took a lot of pictures for memory sake and bought some food
back to share it with our family members. Overall, it was a fun and meaningful journey.

T a ma du n Islam Dan Tamadu n A si a

Travel Journal
15 April 2016 @ Melaka

Before the trip, I had


communicated with the other
groups that are heading to
Malacca for this project to make
arrangements for our
Planning
transportation and also itinerary for
Before the trip
the day. We had cooperated with
We had set our departure time at
each other to make sure that the
7am at 7-eleven in Taylor's. I arrived
trip runs smoothly
campus at around 6:40am. However,
Gather
we had to delay as some members
:00started were late. We made sure that
We arrived at our site a0n7d
to do our project. We took several everyone boarded on the bus and
photos around our site. We had left at around 7:50am
Arrival
collected the information we
needed to complete the report and
09:30
had a small discussion on the
After completing on-site works, we
report outcome.
traveled to Jonker Street which is a
Lunch
well-known landmark in Malacca to
have our lunch and a small tour. It
11:30
We decided to end our trip at was fun and the food was delicious.

around 1pm that day as we had


everything we needed for the
project. It was a short trip but I am
glad that I had been exposed to
and gained knowledge on the
history of Malacca, one of the
historical cities in the world.

Return
01:00

Ee Hui Teng

April 15th, 2016

It was finally the day where my group and I, went to visit our chosen location, which is Sam Po Keng Temple in
Bukit Cina. It started out really early in the morning, where the entire group member had to reach Taylors
university before 7 a.m. because we rented a bus together with three other teams. As the bus arrives we set
out on our 2-hour ride to Malacca.
After a long ride we finally reach Sam Po Keng Temple, and thats where our work begin

Our first group photo!

A miniature stone guardian lion to protect the temple from evil spirit.

Pictures of the temple and surrounding

More group photos!

After finishing our photo session, it was almost lunchtime by then. So we set out with other teams to hunt
famous food in Malacca. We went to the famous place in Malacca, called jonker streets. Everyone decided to
eat chicken rice ball, however the line was so long, that some of us ended up eat somewhere else.
After lunch, we had desert while waiting for the bus driver to pick us up. It was another 2-hour drive back to
Taylor. As we arrive my group leader distributed the work to each member. And that ends the day of our trip.

Reflection.
Throughout this trip, I learn a bit history about Sam Po Keng Temple and what made it so famous for

tourist attraction. Not only have I learned about the history, I also learn how to communicate with my
teammates even thought I barely knew them. It was a fun trip as I was able to expand my knowledge. All in all,
Im grateful that our paths crossed and that we got to work with each other for this assignment. Without this
assignment I dont think I will be able to meet such amazing people and create new friends. I truly enjoy this
trip.

Travel Journal: Dayang Nadrah Aidha Binti Awg Idrus (0323741)


The journey was eye opening ,i was able to derive the community and culture of melacca. Honest to say,
i have been to melacca before but never to the specific area that we went.
I was also fortunate to see the beautiful arts and architecture in the Poh San Teng Temple. I have not
been in many temples but this temple is a historical masterpiece. To my knowledge the temple was built
roughly around 1795 and still standing. I also notice the painted beams and the extensive use of the colour red
which i learn hold a meaning. This is similar to the arts and ornamentation found in the temple.
Another thing i noticed is that the temple was located near Melacca Warrior Monument. Which we then
walked to after visiting the temple. The journey there was great, everything went smoothly apart from patchy
drizzle which was light enough that it didn't effect our trip at all.

Travel Journal : DANA KAN JIA TORNG (0323648)

After a discussion, my group had decided to research on the Chinese Civilisation in Malacca from this
historical site called Sam Po Keng Temple which was built at the foot of the Bukit Cina. Before the trip, we read
up on the basic information of the site as preparation to know what to focus on when we reached there. On 15th
of April, we departed from Taylors University at 7.30am by bus and travelled to Malacca. There were 3 groups
in total, leading to around 40 people on the bus.
We reached Malacca at 9.30am and stopped at Sam Po Keng Temple. It was filled with tourists
whether locals or China Chinese tourists alike. At first, the exterior of the temple seemed normal like any other
Chinese temples I have seen before. But upon closer inspection, I realised that there was much more than that.
The intricate carvings and designs on the roofs were unique. The royal blue I saw on the main entrance roof
reminded me of the baba nyonya design I so often see in the buildings of Malacca. The front entrance was also
still preserved as how the designs of settlements in China were like, a wooden door and after that an open-air
courtyard. There was a well next to this temple and it is believed to be one of the Admiral Cheng Hos Seven
Wells during the Ming Dynasty. Bukit Cina was a marriage gift from Sultan Mansur Shah to his wife, Princess
Hang Li Poh from China, and after she died, her tomb was built at the hill along with the graves of other
Chinese settlements. Sam Po Keng temple was constructed to provide shelter when people offer prayers for
the dead. Beside it, there was also a Chinese War Memorial to honour those who died defending the country
when the Japanese invaded. My group members had taken group pictures as proof to have visited the
historical place. We took pictures and made notes about our findings. Overall, I felt that this place held
significant historical meaning as to how the Chinese Civilisation settled here with the arrival of Admiral Cheng
Ho and his well and Princess Hang Li Poh marrying the Malacca Sultan. It certainly had many stories to tell
looking at the newspaper clippings and stone carvings stating the visits of important diplomats and rulers who
came to visit.
By 10.30am to 11am, we departed from the historical site and went to Jonker Street to look at the
Stadhuys and had lunch there. We tried Malacca delicacies such as chicken rice balls(which we felt we were
ripped off as it tasted nothing special but cost so much), special sago baba chendol, and even bought back
local made pastries and dodols made from gula melaka. Finally, we left Malacca for home at 2pm and reached
at 4pm. All in all, I learnt a lot from this trip about the historical roots and cultures that developed Malacca as a
rich and diverse place it is today with different races living together in harmony although coming from different
civilisations. I also had a lot of fun bonding with my group mates and hope we will be able to work with each
other again.

Travel Journal : Christina Ho Chia Hui (0326499)


On the 15th April, my group members and I went to visit one of the historical site in Malacca which is
Sam Po Keng temple. Before we started our journey to Malacca, one of my group member and I made
arrangement for everything to make sure everything goes well. Since I am the leader of the group so I make
sure everyone stayed together so that we wont left out anyone. We gathered at 7:30a.m in front of 7 eleven
and we left around 8:00a.m.. While we were on the way to our destination, everyone were quite excited and
happy. It took about two hours to reach the destination. After we reached at Sam Po Keng temple, we did
some discussion and we took some group photos and gathered some information as well.

After that, we went to jonker street for lunch and that was when the food hunting time began. We ate the
famous chicken rice ball and the famous durian puff. After few hours of food hunting session, it was about time
to go back to the campus. We left jonker street at 2p.m. and it took another 2 hours journey back. Everyone
were sleeping while we were on the way back to the campus as it was a tiring trip.

Through this trip, I had learnt that communication is the most important thing for a group assignment
because without communication nothing will work out. Besides, I also learnt how to be a leader as this is my
first time becoming a group leader. Although a leader had to take more responsibility but it was quite
interesting. Most importantly, we made a lot of new friends from different course and groups throughout this trip.
It was an enjoyable and memorable trip!

Travel Journal : Cryslyn Tan Jia Lyn (0324249)


We departed from school at 7.30 in the morning by bus. All of us paid RM30 to rent a bus as were
going to Malacca with two other groups but we each had different historical sites to visit. My groups site was
the Sam Poh Keng temple. When we reached, the weather was perfect as it was not really hot and the clouds
were blocking the sun. We took pictures of the interior and exterior of the temple and then took group pictures.
We explored the temple and read about it. We then used the bus to Jonker street where we then walked and
explored the famous Jonker street. We tried chicken rice balls for the first time and went on for more food
adventures. We had durian puffs, smelly tofu and cendol! We wanted to rent a bike to go explore more but it
started to drizzle. We walked back to the Dutch Square where the bus was waiting for us. It was a great trip as
we got to experience a different kind of environment and see a totally different type of architecture from what
we usually see here. We also got to try many foods Malacca is famous for and took amazing pictures.

Travel Journal (Chung How Cyong 0324152)


We traveled to Malacca by renting a bus. Cool, it was my first experience to visit Malacca by using a bus!
Every of us paid approximately around RM30. Despite it might be sounded a little bit expensive, but it really
worth, at least for me. The bus was equipped with air-conditioners and comfortable cushion seats. With my
empty stomach, we departed from campus at 730am and reached the destination after 2 hours. To be frank, all
of us had no idea on what to do for this assignment as we did not read the brief properly. However, we
understood that we had to take a group photo with the historical site. So, without any hesitation we immediately
gathered together and took a group photo with Sam Po Keng Temple.

Figure: All members were gathered at the main entrance of the temple, posing for the group photo.

After that, we read the brief on spot then only we realised we had to identify the materials used for the
construction of the temple, the measurement of the temple and also the style of architecture. We then took
pictures of the ornamentation which could relate with the research findings. It took us 1 hour to gather all the
information required for the assignment. Then, we went for food hunting. We ate the chicken rice ball, durian
cendol, durian cream puff and smelly tofu. It was definitely an enjoyable trip.

Throughout the journey, I

learnt to cooperate with others in order to achieve goals. I learnt to identify the Chinese Civilization in a
particular historical site in Malaysia. I learnt to appreciate the history of how Malacca was formed. I was able to
identify the style of architecture of the historical site, specifically Sam Po Keng temple.

Travel Journal : Dixon Kee Tet Lun (0323944)

On 15 of April , we went to Melaka to do a project. At first, 3 groups including my group gathered at


7eleven in the campus, 7am in the morning. After everyone has arrived, we get on the bus and travel several
hours to reach Melaka. The first destination that we arrived is Sam Poh Keng Temple. We stayed there for 2
hours to research on the temple, and also take pictures of it. After finishing research, we went to Melaka
Jonker Street to have our lunch. At there, I eaten alot of Melaka foods such as Chicken Rice Balls, Durian
Puffs, and even durian cendol. Finally, we went back to campus on 3:30pm.

Travel Journal : Darren Tan Yong Tee (0323398)


The trip to Malacca was a nice change of scenery from the studio walls, even though it was just for a
few hours.

My day started earlier than usual as several groups of SABD students departed from campus by bus at
about seven thirty in the morning. About two hours later, we had arrived at our destination Sam Po Keng
Temple. The temple itself was an area with a rather peaceful aura despite the fact that there were quite a
number of tourists there to visit. It was clear that this temple had been around for some time judging from the
look of it. After spending a moment looking around we took a group picture as evidence of our visit to the
temple.

As we were already in Malacca, we took the opportunity to do some sightseeing in Jonker Street. We
tried some Malacca delicacy before departing back to campus in the afternoon.

Throughout the journey, I was able to get to know my teammates, some of whom I would have never
met if it werent for this particular group assignment. Obviously there will always be drawbacks and in this case
it was my inability to understand whatever conversation was taking place in Chinese unless someone
translated for me or spoke to me directly in English. Despite this, I was able to communicate and work together
with my group during the trip and gained some knowledge about the Sam Po Keng Temple - a site of certain
historical significance in Malaysias history.

Conclusion
Throughout this assignment, we have learnt that Sam Po Keng Temple not only serves as a place to
give prayers, but its architecture depicts a civilization, which portrays the Chineses faith. Initially, I thought it
was just like any other normal temple. However, after looking through a purpose within the design, it actually
representing a traditional belief.

From this temple, we have learnt that civilization follows a beliefs system that they are binding to. This
beliefs system allows them to develop and grow their community. This is display through the work of their art
especially in architecture.
The reason why we choose Sam Po Keng Temple as our groups architecture was because the temple
is built in a way that is very reminiscent of the Chinese architecture that is found in many traditional cities in
China, but is actually quite different to the majority of traditional buildings found in Malaysia.

During the trip to Sam Po Keng Temple, all of us have definitely brought back some amazing memories
and experiences. We have also learned some lifelong skills. We started of as strangers that were put together
in an assignment. Despite knowing nothing about each other, we somehow bonded pretty quickly. Everyone
was cooperative with one another, but with some few shyness in between.
Furthermore, we learnt how to communicate effectively with other groups member. We team up with
three other groups to rent a bus to Malacca. By doing so we were able to save cost and time, we even had
more fun going together. We got to meet new friend and learn more about others.

We realize that

communication skills are critical for ensuring the success of the team effort, a strong communication between
member helps to build relationships.

We learnt that responsibility is important when participating in a group work, as every member need to
determine what he/she needs to do and takes responsibility to complete the tasks given to them. We also
learnt that teamwork and workmanship is crucial in-group work. A team that has poor teamwork will affect the
quality of the work. However, if everyone has a strong teamwork, it will allow us to complete the task more
efficiently and faster. We also can help each other by solve the issues and other problems we encounter.

Appendixes
Sam Po Keng Temple

The roof design of the


temple is very detailed
t'Perigi Raja' is a well used
by Princess Hang Li Poh

and it is filled with


Chinese elements such as

for consuming

dragons.

We took a group photo


in front of the temple
before leaving

This lion statue which is


located in front of the
temple is to protect the
temple against the evil
spirits

References
1. Green, R. (201, February 23). Sayang Melaka: History: Sam Po Kong Temple. Retrieved
May 04, 2016, from http://sayangmelaka.blogspot.my/2012/02/history-sam-po-kongtemple.html
2. Hang Li Po Well. (n.d.). Retrieved May 04, 2016, from
https://www.tripadvisor.com.my/Attraction_Review-g306997-d457068-ReviewsHang_Li_Po_Well-Melaka_Central_Melaka_District_Melaka_State.html
3. Sam Po Kong Temple - goMelaka. (2013). Retrieved May 04, 2016, from
http://www.gomelaka.my/sam-po-kong-temple/
4. Wong, P. (2016). Bukit Cina Melaka - Malacca City Atttractions. Retrieved May 04, 2016,
from http://www.malacca.ws/attractions/bukit-cina.htm?cur=MYR#promo

You might also like