14 PUTTING PABLO NERUDA'S ALTURAS DE MACCHU PICCHU iN ITS PLACES Jim Cocola ener undentood by putting i not enly of Poms but also a poem by one who resumed to Crile from Mexico vis Peru, and who subsequently assemed a partculadly &aught position in Chile with sespect to Pero ‘Nevada was a prolific and many-tided poet and theze are several ways of reading hiro produesively [a this es, cather than relying srely onthe dense cextua fibeic of lanes or construing it as the Work of a unified voice speaking forth fom contextual] flamework o ‘paque st piece,a poem which presents itelf x paean tothe American contin enetally, even at kaye S3e¥f more specifically to the ates of one of Americas poem i 2s old as Parnasus fel. Asa modern poem concern BeAmerican prospect, Neruda’s Canto genenl sands among et Robinson een’ Such Counsel: Yew Gave To Me and Other Peers ‘fom the coast ranges of Monterey County, California: Wiliam Ca om Moun: Garret, in Pasersom ‘Contra (1968), fishioned 5 ey Torne Nietectett Ne por fon Wnsrgeenee gee 148. jim Cocols Ridge, in Door Coan, Wiscor (1960-75), which redounded Massichwuers, and Charles Olson's The Maximus Poems the kames of Cape Ann, in Gloucester, ‘mort intensely focused when he set out to write 2 ‘with » mountain inthe Perevian Andes? In is ociginal conception, the set of poet th » . curs that came to preocaupy Nerds ‘berween 1938 and 1950 was called Canto gone! de Cie-a work he ater ended, seformulaced and incogporated into ‘poetic expression, che shif (fom a purely nationalistic (Le, Chilean) co 2 broader ‘Latin American worléview' in which he upped the ante Gom merely national so tore decidedly hemispheric yawp. Of his jaurey to Machu Picehe, Nemuda latex a “aguela vista cambio le perpeccvn" [hat vist changed the perspec. ting Sup oe, itis difficult to value Alturas as a specifically Peruvian or Quechua a given 'Sconumiss sans Chen poems” a Pusing Pablo Neruda's Alturas de Macey Pcchuin ie places 145. ‘The return co Chile and things Chilean was one that Neruda made throughout 1iG, fom early work as 2 consul to political xe in middle-age and later travels 25 an internationally recognised man-of-lewer and elder saterman. At the some time, Neruda was a6 internationally minded and wel eaveled the owendeth century Though clearly wridag fom what one ccommopolitan, Neruda also came eo a better sense of what he wat, nd of what he ‘was not: of European descent, bur not of Europe; of American bisth, but act of ‘on was replicated during his years as 2 conse ‘Colombo, Batavia and Singapore, where Neruda +0 the European colonials but hegemonie with exent that he sympathized mare closely with de eraltcién nacional és un proceso de rebeldia anscolonial” fin « country in146: Jim Coccle which all of the characteristics of colonialism persist. al atempes at nationale exaltation are process of anticolonial rebellion Here we arrive 2: the vexed fact of what John Festiner termed Neruda’ “‘nasionalise persuasion"? Though retaining the identity of colonizer by heriage, smulsaneously attempted to speak on behalf of the colonized thiough a= olonialis Sdeblogy* The nationals of che colonizer may be tactamount to colonialiom, and the nationalism of the colonized may be an exprssion of anti colonialism, but what co make of the figure whose double consciousness remains poised between (and acts 2t ence at and on behalf of} both colonizer and colo- ized? Is en reading Neruda, to distinguish the nationalism that speaks 2s fom the aationalism thas speaks a8 colonized? To complicate marers furthes, Nerudals chorny postion with regard to che ‘question of colonization became even more overdetermined opon his senatorial served athe representative of Chiles most renuously held region: lnape reps wt he lnrecopper sad ewe rors ad ‘been wrenched Som Bolivis and Peru during the Wer of the Pacific." This ther perversely named was, fonght berween 1879 and 1884 over mining rights in the Atacama Deter, saw a decisive Chilean victory, then in large part 9 superior sval resources and as 2 result of Brith collsbosation. In che sfermath, Chile extended is northern border by 600 males, thus creating the material conditions for much ofits furore prosperity. Meanwhile, Bolivia became landloc J defeat, entered an extended period of economic catatophe whose cffers persis wo the present dey. ‘much as mention the conflict, eneraly elegasing it to tall Felstiner is one of the few who even allade tothe ‘War ofthe Pacific in discussing Neruda’ eulzural polities. Ina footnote, he explains th zemembering that Chile and Pers ware old enemies, fom the Ince ‘through the Independence period co the War of the Patfic (1875-83) But far more than a mere foomote his historical antagonism between (Chale and Peru rst be emphasized es ‘Bachelard might describe it, the topoaralysie poem about « Peruvian landmark written by a colonizing authority purporting to contested region commandeered by Chile fom Per some = narrative rering, Altas aspires to the condition of an inter- sationalst poem, preoccupied with both the generalized indigenous past and the genenlised revolutionary futur, its composidond setting simsleincouly reveals 4 to be 2 nationalist poem, all but oblivious to the perticalas ofthe indigenous present. and more closely engaged with the intensely local decals of an intensely nationalistic Chilean revolution whose economic well-being has been predicated ‘02 large extent upon the continued suppression of Peruvian claims to the Arcaina —— Putin Pablo Neruda Atos de ces Phu nits places 147 Thus, while Gom a distance Almas may read as the ecstatic conversion experience of a provincial political ingenue addcosing the whole of America in radical tones, ‘upon closer inspection it stands a + astament of politcal anxiety produced by 8 commopolitan government insider, outfanked on both the right and the left, and thus uaable to speak for the contested ground of a egional const was finaly incapable of representing, When Neruds invokes the Ii phrases such aya no sis” fyou no longer ate] and “ccanto fstes ay” [What you ‘were fell away] (Albwas..32), repeating "No volver ...No volveris” [You will aot reeum .. You will not return) (Altinas.66), be speaks not to much fom historical necessity 2s ftom a specific political imperative tha ovecwrice che indigenous realities of the Peruvian present.” "Thus, to the extent that Chile held « colonizing role with respect wo Peru, and to che extent that Neruda exme to serve as a pivotal inctionary within tat colonizing authority his double consciousnes found inelf doubled over into a very complicated tangle indeed. In essentials, as 2 Chilean, Netuda remsined an ident fed member of the colonizing exablshment, even 2s he began to speak foot aguinst certain evtblished pattems of colonization. Here agein we recur 10 the smange ~ and characterstically American ~ perndox by which, chough in deed and fact 4 colonizer, Neruda attempts to speak on Debalf of the colonized, Shrough an anti-coloniais ideology. Faced with thisireconcilable divide Nerade's shetorie thf fom invocation toward insistence, hus exposing his compromised “Sube 2 nacer conmigo, hermanc,” [Rise up to be born with me, brother] (Alturas.66}: 39 Neruda enjoins the reader in a moment of socialist thetoric at the beginning of the Gnal section of Alturas. Yer bis litany of directives in this, concluding movernent are cosched throughout in the imperative tenses"Mostradme sangre y voeseo sac mutt how me your blood and your forrow] “Sefaladme la piedra en que eats [You mut point vt to me the rock on which you sambled];" Contadme todo” [You mut ell me everything];“Dadme la Incha’ [Mou man give me the suggle] (Alnwaras.65~70)." With sach language, Nezuds tacitly astumes the izperal prerogative by which all commands are issued, even ab hae makes an apparently and-imperial getore of solidarity with the indfgnas Sach was Neruda’ tone in poety toward the Peruvian and American past meanwhile ia prose he was somewhat more unasuming in his address 20 che Peruvian and American present. Though highly laudatory in his description of Peru, referring to it as the “matcir de América” [wom of Americal, one also notes a alight glimmer of guile bucressing Neraes’ praise, ifnot quite an outright plea for forgivence: ks t0 alide and to “Asnerieanos del Peré,si he tocado con mis mancs sustales vuesta corteza y Ihe abiert Ia ruta sagrads de vuestra aternidad, no penséis que 0s dejo sin agus también mi corszin se acergue a vaesto estado y a vucstre magnitud sctudes, Perdonadme, entonces, que, como Americano esencial, metala mano en vuasio slencio,4B. Jim Cocela ericans of Pero, 1 have touched your crust with my ausral hands, and if have opened che sacred fruit of your brotherhood, do not chink chat eave you without alo stecling my heart o your prsert state and stass-You ust forgive me, therefore, that like an essential American, I insert a hand into your Slence ‘must forgive me]: again we see Neruda’ ple demand, via the imperative tense. Yer in that demand comes 2 sot ‘ilorize Incans in place of Araveanians of his native Chile father reinforced «sense ‘of dency wits colonizer over colonized, for among the indlgmas themselves, he Incans betmyed colonialist ambitions, while the Arucaniane — even prior to European colonization ~ wece fezcely anti-colonialise. By his owm admission, neither Machu Picchu nor Tarapecd was @ region in which Neruda fele entirely comfortble. Thus, when he exiled of his visit ‘Macho Piochu that “en aquellas altaas dices, entre aquelles sainas gloriosas speras..me sens chileno,pervano, americana” [in those dificult heighss, among those glorious and dispersed rains, I fle Chilean, Peruvian, American) he seems t0 Ibe subsequencly admitead, in emumersting those places the parched and mysterions hills jonalisa de Is gredas de Chile” [ama passitic poet a nationalist of the Chilean white clay]* And yer, che ‘Ascaman landscape vas as alien to Nerade’t Patagonian root 2s Machu Picehs ‘itself ifnor more so, As Neruda explained elewhere of Tarpeci and Antofagasta, ‘The mere act of facing that Iuner desert wat « mening poine in my 32, Representing those en in rarlament ~ cheirfeolaton, cher tunic land — ‘wasalio a Gifcul tsk. The naked earth withouta singe plans an immense, sive enigma. In che foes, alongside rivers, everthing specks to @ man ‘The desert on the osher Rand is wncomaranicasive,| ould’: understand is Innguage: ha iis lence ™ teadertood best ofall was noc the Atacama, but rther,"the other for ne “ons born in a green country wish huge, thickly wooded childhood filed with min and snow” en country the Arzucanians had once thrived by the ewendeth century they had been pected and in large pare confined to reservados. To Nevada, =~ Pruting Pablo Neruds's Atures de MocehsPechinits places 149 fe eeis conflice AD oumide of the bounds of colonics altogether; he prefered «0 | ongoing" war" chus denying the certorsl question which rendered the confit | berween peoples rather chan 2 conflict among a people. Moving on to iadlens land, axe ayled as pinnacles of poetic achievement prodsced by a prophe unified American Geld Yer, beyond this accepted hemispheric through 2 more precise geographical fame, Alnes simultane Nemudat exculpatory stemge to validate his oum particular post Incan and Benseian hecizage. As such, tit also pombe c0 read Aliens a5 a masked was in pa by birth and in pat Nillejo seed as subalzern to Neruda in mytiadcespees mestizn to his creole, sano to his cosmapalte, Peruvtn to his ‘Chilean, and Towkyis to his Stalinist. Like Nereds Vllejo ad staked an early claim to poese mastery inthe Americas claim chat was cut short by bie prematae dean 4 1998.Ar this very moment, Neruda was poised on the verge of Cento gen de (Chie, which, via Alsons, would led wo the fuller realization of Canto gener! and to steogrition 2s the unofficsl poet laureate of Latin America. Evlogising Vilejo in che Aurore of Santiago de Cie on Angus escebed him as “el expectto americano, — indoamericano como decie~yun epecto de nuesa marinade Amrica,un especto maduro en en a pain” the American specs ~ Native American 25 you prefer to s.~ ‘of cur manyred America, specter manic in erty and in pasion]-Bas more than 2 specter, Neruda saw Vallejo in the landscape itself expaining cat “tents alg de mina, de socevbs lunaz algo trcemente profundo .. Er interior y ganda, como ua grin palcio de piedra subtersines, con macho silencio miner, con mucha esenca de empo y de expecc” (jou had something of the mize, the hina cavern, someching seubboraly profound .. You wee inezrior and grand like a great underground palace ‘of stone, with much soy sence, with much ofthe esence of time and space) * ‘Boe i Viejo uns the exence of America, how could Nerasa himself hope t9 ‘become the poe of America? Btsicly geographical and ideologies herve were 10 close, and yer to iredeerably fr apar. Ulmatsly, Norada and Villejo were always poised on exeer paths ac cos-purposes despite Nero’ ter protest che con.” ‘While bo were amuned to Spanish heriags, to che American Pacific and to Marxism, ‘he gulf berween them was profound. Whersuillefo died in edie, Nerud psiyed hit ‘way into unrhaled prominence, thus assuming 28 the selfprociimed post of the Americas a poséon he may have known 19 be boner reserved forVale'o {AS ic happened, ic was scarcely five yeas afer Viljo’ dew hat Neruda scene che heights of Machu Pieche. Infact, the ascension occurred on che fst of the diz de os meray, the three-day holiday observed throughout Latin Americaines, and, By extension, cher own fornines lad metaphor runs through che twelve sections of feruda describes “aceros comvertidos/al slencio del sido” mees converted the sent ” In the second section, he refers 0"el m has since departed, becoming like them "Piedsa el Tara coucluded,Villejo... must have always haunted Pablo Neruda, sh ). Basque critic Juan Larrea takes Tar’ Neruda’ advocates, among them Rodriguez Mor “muchos crticos mardstas coincidicén con Larzea en sts objecio space for Neruda and Vallejo in the American canon, their respective poetics demonstrates that the tension sical Bacnsres that is vkimately geographical in natare Alta is without question 2 poem about Machs Pieshu, bue behind the scence of ‘Neruda’ arofssed cal for solidarcy cess « much moze complex tory en the Pacific Rim nthe fina! analysis, if che sack of Meerary estes i to puta poet such as Neruda in his place, chen that sk can be well served by recoure to geog- phy, Here end ebewhere, puting Neruda’ poety in is varios places msght allow 1 to position him moze precisely within the larger famework of Eterary history.152 Jim Cozois (geile see Enlk Comay-fichas Alums de Mau Pichu and dhe Modern Revi of Pre-Columbisn Calearl Arifiesy" Reve de Exudios Hlgpinias 362 (May 2002) 27-90. 2 Of ens crises eo date Enrico Maco Sani hes come neaes ca celing this few pict Th {remost chim to his aensiom: the dese spacer Gat wee home vo his eleeznesc 2 Antolagsia and Taps, 4 While i has long beer known ss Cano gena the sift fom a national to an ioter- anton poem sem ro have been 3 7ague snd sing new becoming ‘eorbed inthe profindiry of my lind and my mor secret roan The folowing yen, his 1948 "Yo Acuio™adénex to the Chilean senate, he ceferred to dis new reverie progres as “el vsto poema ctlado Cont genrl de Chi” he vt pooms toed Carts gel de Chie] Qed 2 Nevada Pas nar he nada, Barcelona: Sex Bare, (97% ‘English os Pusions and Enprions, mans Margaret Seyes Peden, New 5H, Méndez Ramizer, Nondst Sipiasic Bepeioner Mieal Art aad Cano Goer, Lewisburg Bocenell Unvesity Pees 1998, 0.18 6 Ja Emir Rodiigues Monezal Neve: e rire inno 1965, Bacoos Air: Los, bp. 156, 185, he former set Sonja within 2 peciealy Stabnitt fd 72 Toshi pepe that Nerees rien Poewy: Origins and Prem, Cambridge: Canbritge 9 Sans, who wrote of Cant gence hat ‘ihe experience of ele” est the core of the {oem allegory” (Pepa 173), could ines have been elicng about any umber of Renudee wort 10 Reculing is jonrney wo Macha Picehu, Neruds remarked: pena mucha voces apace demi vse ol Cuaco Pensé en el entiguo hota amet ‘cane Visas angus luchas enlaadss con lat lucha sewalet = AL! comenuo a ‘geransr mi iden de un Canto Gener american. hor wis 4 Amécea sete eed las lsues de Macchi Picea J shoughe ofen of my vie Cusco 1 thought fancies American mn | sy is cl Sin connecied with peoens ones "These! began to germinate my idea of sn American Canto General. Now Isnw the whole of Americs fom the helghs of Macshe Picchu (Neruds, Pepe 118) ‘Once again, note Neruda cision of dance becween hisjosmey se Mache Picci and {he composition of dius, ar though the owo were ove and she mame 11, Mendex Ransite, "Neruda Ekphrasle Experience” {7 12 B Neruds, Parenter be nen, Barcelona Sex Baral, £978, ps 285,593 43 See Feiner Trulatng Nera, Santoré: Sanford Univers Preis 1980, 2.41, Putting Pablo Neruda’ Aluras de Mocchy Picchu in isplnces 153 1 Tey Delay sue of Neto tht 29“ actin othe oat nema ye Neves 15 Raton en ein history ia volumes 4, 5 and 8 of The Cambridge History of Latin Americs, ed. Leslie Bethel, ly Po 6 See eRe = he ipa ace Had Roe 4 Sanna md ne Oe 5 fopoaail in The Pans of Spe, ro tp soak ih wll our paeacesly ce fom he Biling = csison of Die Hear a tn Tao, New Ye Fas, Se Ge 865 Neat per body of wok ca be Sut Obes Comp Socns Aes Lesa 1978 See tao a complete Zag venion of Cano Gvee | Schae Bectly Unie of Ciba Pe, 198 oo 19 Ia dee neaee | have modied Tess ceniaon to conty se Impenve 22 Sagi Wher "you mest sseooad inte oneal Sais of Ala Should be spelld ous oily in an Bgl endering fox the pli alee oo ‘ising the moos” acknowledge dt bolder coumrnys gre eth” (167), though he a fn the ori suces of hat weal not ere or cewkers labore Jo Neruda: The Ast of Poesy XIV" Fee Revs 1971, vol. 81 wormage fora denier eer Sate cae aired eto oe eee Eerie tne caer ieenhee ea Eonaheceriret cee Soe Sere ee Sak iter omer one154 fm Coeoia Sicnihip(11-2)-Tis we can pre to be among te i fot the ey lof he meetings between the two poets, : - ae ‘Loveac in “Als de Mace Picchu’ Cantos IV, Rave 3, 15-88. 28 Inthe pic ofl, cataeds nonce wer har, compocading mit end aad gee the copie w which the ining Indy tape ce ely ofthe Aree ‘Nerds sed igo ed i 29 Mratded iia ee one ofthe ages Gopes wibln Can ger Mose ebony, ‘there is the poers “Minerales” (Canto 1.5), which of GREAT BALLS OF FIRE nt meteor of 1783 Envisioning the bi Stephen Daniels ‘This chapter brings together wo fields of inquiry landscape representasion and che 1, Shrovgh i depicdion and description in a range of sing and wider-eanging, reverberative, effec on the many people who dida't wioess the event This chapter |e concerned with the éaming of the event in terms of both contemporary sien | - SB theory znd of landscape sertheic, and how the recording of che event in 30 ‘views fom difecent places in Britain involved composite forms of image making, including diegrams and verbal recollections as wel as potic and cartographic codes ‘of landscape taste. In contrast to che traumatized views of some ordinary people who experienced the sight ofthe meteor ac the time, the piomccs examined in this chapear represented the meteor 2s an uplifting spectacle, and cn opporcunisy 0 Gsplay a culture enlightened view ofa physically huminous event. Beacons in the sky ‘The skies of Europe exhibited strange and dsnating effets in the summer of 1783, lightening storms and Greballs, earthquakes and veleanoes, and a persistent dry fo ‘dough which the sun shone 2 lurid re, vegetation withering in the nosious ar znd people suffering an epidemic of fatal eves! Weiting that summer fom the eastern English vilage of Olney, Huntin , dhe poet Wiliam Cowper, ike many evangelials sw a fiery firmament that herided the end of the world Fires fom beneath, and meteors fom above, Portentious, enexampled, unexplained, Have kindled beacozs inthe skes...? 36 Memoir, ans. #. St. Martin, New Voek: Fara, Sasso Gito, 1977, 7.284, 37 E.Rodkiguer Monel, Nowe: sigs ml, 958, Bacnos Ase Load 140.CONTRIBUTORS ‘Stephen Cairns bass Churn Archivecrural and Urban Design at SALA (Edinburgh School of Architecnure and Landscape Architecture). His publiestions include Defing: Arctemee and Miganey (Rowledge 2003) and The SAGE Handbook of Arciteturel Theor (2010), and ke co-carated the Reciprocity exhibit at the 2008 Internationa Architecnure Biennale Roterdam (see Open City: Designing Coxisou, SUN, 2008). Edward S. Casey is Distinguished Professor at SUNY Stony Brook and immediate past President of the American Philosophical Asociation, Eastern Division In his ‘work, he as taken inspiration from phencmenology, possructaraism, and psycho- Jim Cocola is 2n Assistant Profesor of Literature Flim, and Media in the Department of umanites and Ares at Worcester Polyzechnic lsteare,in Worcester, Massachusees, He has published artes, esys, and sad SEL: Sudic ix Brglth Liteature 1500-1900, Hs work on Neruda deus and ‘expands upon material extracted fom his dissertation, “Topopoisss: Consemporary ‘Amecican Poctries and the Imaginative Making of Place” Universcy of Virginia, 2026), completed under the auspices of the Georgia O'Keed Mueura Research Center in Sanna Fo, New Mevieo ‘Tim Cresswell is Profesor of Human Geograpty at Royal Holloway, University of London. His research interes are broadly in sues surrounding the concepeuaiation CConeibutor: mh cof place and mobility spatalisies of ordering and geographical theory more generally He is che author of On the Move: Mobily in she Moder: Wester ibid Routledge, 2006), Plas Short Inveucion (Blackwell, 2004), The Tamp in Amerie eakion, 2001) and Sr Place/Out of Pac: Grog, lsology and Temsgresion (Minnesota, 1996). [He has co-edited four volumes, mos recency, Gendered Mobliies (Ashgave, 2008) ‘Stephen Danielsis Profesor of Cultural Geogrspiy atthe University ofNottingham, He is ako Dizector ofthe Arts & Humanities Research Council (AHR.C),where he 4s curtendy involved in research and project work on geographical education and Geioenghip in eighteench-century England, and cultual geography of nineteenth century arborenams. Denies has co-edited several books, among the Harsan Geagephy:A Reader (Oncrd Universiy Pres), and isthe até Visio (Human Geagrephy} (Polity Pr). He has contributed to many Diana K. Davis is an asociate profesor of History a the University of Califorin ‘a Davis where she teaches environmental history She received her Doctorate of Vererinary Medicine in 1984 ftom Tuts University and hex PRD in Geography in ‘2001 fom UC Berkeley. She has conducted research with Afghan nd Moroccan ‘nomads and worked exensvely in the Brits and French archives. Her firs book named 2 Guggenheim and Ryskamp (ACLS) Fellow for her new imperialism and environmental history in the Middle East. span culisra snd historia! geography, history of cartography, Byzantine and port Byzantine studies, and science studies, with 2 particular Zoeus on che Easern ‘Mediterranean region.ENVISIONING LANDSCAPES, - Soo ee IeeeENVISIONING LANDSCAPES, MAKING WORLDS “The pee docade hai wisised a emaable reurgence fn the ienecna incerphy Berwesa oe. The menphors and cal rang or snadens chore and ntestedgeocralraden seeking ew qneries and creative interplay maczping on this broad intellect ceagagement with mesniag and geographic exes Stephen Daniel Profeucr of Cs Geogr Dydia Del yseris Associze Profesor of Goo Jj Nicholas Eaten is Vice Presidear and Univenity of Now Dame, USA, ‘Douplas Richardson i Exceutive Disecror ofthe Auoclaon of American Geograph, USA.eorpmeenonrEes “This book provides powerfil evidence of geography’ inselecral and mozal sGiliaions with the lhimanites. Te boasts an impressive extt of consibotors, with ow why creativity imagination and reflection promotes the significance of the powers of icing landscapes and places. For che hiamani- Professor John Agnew, UCLA, USA, | (ENVISIONING | LANDSCAPES, MAKING WORLDS/ | Geography and the humanities Edited by Stephen Daniels, Dydia DeLyser, J. Nicholas Entrikin and Douglas Richardson PBs50 aad i Routledge Tolereonerdee‘Toba ee: Product ox crporse same may be wade ‘seed Sadana, ad se ty fe arin ad elisa witom icon ge Bik Lr Cacti ubitn Dae ‘A erslogae tor ors book le Som he Beis ibery iyo Cong Catling Paton Date ‘Enon hndeiper mating wel/Aocon, ‘stisnaricas Groene. oronasce2 pes BY ce years Beto AL SRE eee par a ; 1 E556 noth Pct and bound in Crest Bain by he MEG Books Group CONTENTS Converging worlds: geography and the humanities Douglas Richardson Prologue Geograptiy within the humanities Denis Cosgrove Introduction Envisioning landscapes, making worlds Stephen Daniels, Dydia DeLyser J. Nicholas Entrikin ond Douglas Richardson PARTI Mapping 1. Why America is called America Franco Ferinal 2 Above the dead cites Derok Gregory 3 Digital cartographies and medieval geographies Keith D. Liley (ee Bo Baewi Contents 4. Mapping the taboo Gunnar Olsson 5. Chor, chore and the quértion of landscape Kenneth R, Obsig 6 ‘Thematic cartography and the seudy of American history Susor Schulte NX PART Reflecting 7 Do places have edges? a geo-philosophical inquiry Eéward S, Cassy ty and the humanities: a geosophical approach a 9 The world in plain view J Nictolas Entre 10 County geography: nature, authority and civility in early eighteenth-cenrary France 11 Darwinian landscapes David Livingstone 42 Travel and the domination of space in the European imagination Anthony Pagden 43 The good inherit the earch YiFu Tuer PART it Representing 14 Parsing Pablo Neruda's Alturas de Macce Pichu in sts places Jin: Cocote 55 63 6 4 15. Great balls of fre: envisioning the brillans meteor of 1783 Stephen: Daniels 16 Reading landscapes and telling stories: geography, the humanities and environmental hissory Diana K, Davis 47 Participatory historical geography? Shaping and failing to shape social memory at an Oklahoma monument Dydia DeLyser 18. Sull-life afier-ife, natwe morte: W.G., Sebald and the demands of landscape Jessica Dubow snd displacement in 1an ofthe dunes 19 The tecae of Hiroshi Teshigahe Matthew Gandy spt reflections 21 Overlapping ambiguities, disciplinary perspectives, and metaphors of looking: efleccions on a landscape photograph Joan M. Schuast= PART Iv Performing 22, Inverting perspective: cons’ pexformative geographies Veronica della Dora geography: the novel as a spatial event coments vii 155 188 198 209 207 239 247 256