Professional Documents
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JEWM
Research Article
Student of Masters in Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, PEC University of
Technology, Chandigarh, India. Email: bhavikguptaindya@gmail.com
2
Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, India.
Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) is one of the most problematic and neglected
aspect of Indian Cities. Improper management of municipal solid waste (MSW) causes
hazards to inhabitants. Also, high population growth and industrialization put strain on the
basic infrastructural and municipal services. Delhi being a commercial hub, provides
employment opportunities, thus leading to accelerated pace of urbanization, which in turn
results in a corresponding increase in MSW. In the present study, an attempt has been made
to provide a comprehensive review of the characteristics, generation, collection and
transportation, disposal and treatment technologies of MSW practiced in Delhi. The study
pertaining to MSWM for Delhi has been carried out to evaluate the current status and
identify the major problems. The study is concluded with a few fruitful suggestions, which
may be beneficial to encourage the competent authorities/ researchers to work towards
further improvement of the present system.
Keywords: Environmental conservation, municipal solid waste management, Delhi, India.
INTRODUCTION
India is the second fastest growing economy and the
second most populated country in the world. The
population of India is expected to increase from 1029
million to 1400 million during the period 20012026, an
increase of 36% in 26 years, at the rate of 3.35%
annually (Census of India, 2011). The level of
urbanization of the country has increased from 17.35%
to 31.2% in the last 60 years and is expected that as
much as 50% of Indian population will live in cities in
next 10 years (Khurshid and Sethuraman, 2011). Rapid
industrialization and population explosion in India has
led to the migration of people from villages to cities,
which generate thousands of tons of municipal solid
waste (MSW) daily (Gupta and Arora, 2016). The MSW
amount is expected to increase significantly in the near
future as the country strives to attain an industrialized
nation status by the year 2020 (CPCB, 2004). An
important feature of Indias urbanization is the
phenomenal concentration of the population in Class I
cities (metropolitan cities), urban agglomerations/cities
having a population of more than 1 million, as depicted
by the increase in the number of metropolitans from 35
131
CIVIC BODY
North Delhi Municipal
Corporation
AREAS
City, Karol Bagh, Sadar Paharganj, Civil Lines, Narela and Rohini
Delhi Cantonment
Board
Delhi Cantt.
Name
Bhalswa
Area (Acres)
40
Civic Body
North Delhi Municipal
Corporation
Narela-Bawana
60
Okhla
32
Gazipur
70
1,397.3 sq.km.,
the New
Delhi
Municipal
Council (NDMC)
42.7 sq.km. and
the Delhi
Cantonment Board (DCB) 43 sq.km.
The civic bodies in Delhi have been making all the
efforts to devise foolproof methods to organise the
management of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in an
efficient manner. The whole area has been divided
between five agencies, details of which have been
provided in Table 1, and the supervisors have been
132
Parameters
2002
1995
1982
Biodegradables
38.6
38
57.7
Paper
5.6
5.6
5.9
Plastic
1.5
Metal
0.2
0.3
0.6
0.3
Non-Biodegradable
(leather, rubber, bones
and synthetic material)
13.9
14
5.1
34.7
34.7
28.9
133
Parameters
2002
1995
1982
Moisture
43.8
43.7
15.4
Organic Carbon
20.5
20.5
22.8
Nitrogen as N
0.9
0.9
0.86
Phosphorus as P2O5
0.3
0.3
0.74
Potassium as K2O
0.7
0.7
0.52
C/N ratio
24.1
24
28
713
712.5
661-1200
Average %
Range
Biodegradables
73.7
20.9-94.6
Recyclables
9.2
2.8-16.3
Inerts
10.8
0.0-72.2
Others
6.3
0.3-61.9
Ash
15.3
3.4-61.9
Moisture
47
8-82
LCV (Kcal/Kg)
1777
191-4495
HHV (Kcal/Kg)
3927
2042-5315
134
Table 6. Waste receptacles in Delhi. (North Delhi Municipal Corporation, 2015; South Delhi Municipal
Corporation, 2015; East Delhi Municipal Corporation, 2015; New Delhi Municipal Council, 2015; Delhi
Cantonment Board, 2015; Delhi Pollution Control Committee, 2015)
Name of Zone
Dhalaos + Dustbins
Open Sites
691+10579+292
(dustbins/dhalaos+trolleys+containers(3-5
3
m ))
78
13
Sadar Paharganj
49
Karol Bagh
78
Civil Lines
148
21
Narela
41
62
Rohini
297
SDMC
899+4238 (dustbin/dhalaos+trolleys)
City
Central Delhi
244
75
South Delhi
374
72
West Delhi
213
14
Najafgarh
68
135
EDMC
300+1500 (dustbins/dhalaos+trolleys)
Shahdara South
180
18
Shahdara North
120
11
161
NA
116+1511+1275
(dustbins/dhalaos+iron trolleys+twin litter
bins)
18
New
Delhi
Council
Municipal
135
Table 7. Vehicles for Solid Waste Management. (North Delhi Municipal Corporation,
2015; South Delhi Municipal Corporation, 2015; East Delhi Municipal Corporation,
2015; New Delhi Municipal Council, 2015; Delhi Cantonment Board, 2015; Delhi
Pollution Control Committee, 2015)
No. Of Vehicles
MCD
DCB
NDMC
NDMC
SDMC
EDMC
101
138
140
15
14
Tractor - Trailer
Nil
40
Nil
Nil
Nil
Refuse
collector/
compactor
having
3
capacity 14 m
Dumper - placers/Bins
having
capacity
1100ltrs.
Front end loaders
58
26
Nil
11
15
222
1151
Nil
Nil
Nil
22
30
26
Nil
Nil
Auto Tipper
398
256
302
Nil
26
PVC
Bins
having
capacity 200ltrs.
Nil
800
Nil
Nil
Nil
Tricycle
Nil
Nil
1000
Nil
144
136
Table 8. Existing compost plants in Delhi. (North Delhi Municipal Corporation, 2015; South Delhi Municipal
Corporation, 2015; East Delhi Municipal Corporation, 2015; New Delhi Municipal Council, 2015; Delhi Cantonment
Board, 2015; Delhi Pollution Control Committee, 2015)
S.
No.
1
Facility
Okhla (MCD)
Capacity
(TPD)
150
Area (Ha.)
Remarks
Year of
Installation
1981, 2007
Okhla (NDMC)
200
3.4
1985
Bhalswa
(Private
Sector)
500
12
1999
Tikri
Khurd
(APMC)
125
2.6
2001
NarelaBawana
500
2.7
2012
DISCUSSION
With an ever increasing population and a rapid pace of
urbanization, the effects of poor waste management
practices on human health and environment have never
been more pronounced. The study concludes that the
management of municipal solid waste in the city is far
from being satisfactory. The present policies and
infrastructure are inadequate in dealing with the
enormous quantity of MSW generated in the city of
Delhi. There are problems in the solid waste
137
Table 9. Status of landfill sites in Delhi. (North Delhi Municipal Corporation, 2015; South Delhi Municipal Corporation, 2015;
East Delhi Municipal Corporation, 2015; New Delhi Municipal Council, 2015; Delhi Cantonment Board, 2015; Delhi Pollution
Control Committee, 2015)
Landfill Site
Bhalswa
Area
40
D.O.C
Zones Supplying Waste
Exhausted Civil Lines, Karol Bagh,
Rohini, Narela, Najafgarh
and West
Narela-Bawana
60
Okhla
32
Ghazipur
70
80
Partly
80
2+2+1
No
(Bulldozers+Hydraulic
Excavators+Backhoe
Loader)
5+2+1
Yes(in a part
(Bulldozers+Hydraulic
of land
Excavators+Backhoe
around 10
Loader)
acres)
Yes
No
Landfilling should be restricted to nonbiodegradable, inert waste and other waste that are not
suitable either for recycling or for biological processing.
138
REFERENCES
Census of India (2011). Ministry of Home Affairs,
Government of India (GoI). Retrieved 16 November
2015, from http://www.censusinindia.net
Central Pollution Control Board (2004). Management of
Municipal Solid Wastes, New Delhi, India.
Delhi Cantonment Board (2015). Annual Report for the
year 2014-15. Delhi.
Delhi Pollution Control Committee. (2015). Annual
Review Report for the year 2014-15. Delhi.
East Delhi Municipal Corporation. (2015). Annual
Report for the year 2014-15. Delhi.
Gupta B and Arora SK. (2016). Municipal Solid Waste
Management in Delhi the Capital of India.
International Journal of Innovative Research in
Copyright: 2016 Gupta and Arora. This is an openaccess article distributed under the terms of the
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cited.