RT-CW-01 Revision 1

Radiographic Testing

July 2006

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RT-CW-01 Revision 1

Radiographic Testing

1. How many neutrons are there in a helium nucleus?

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

1
2
3
4

2. When an particle is emitted the atomic mass changes by:

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

minus 2
zero
minus 4
plus 4

3. When a particle is emitted the atomic number changes by:

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

plus 1
minus 1
zero
minus 2

4. When an particle is emitted the atomic number changes by:

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

plus 2
zero
minus 4
minus 2

5. In a conventional x-ray tube the target material is usually:

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

copper
beryllium
tungsten
aluminium

6. The half life of iridium 192 is about:

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

74 days
5.3 years
74 weeks
128 days

July 2006

RT-CW-01 Revision 1

Radiographic Testing

July 2006

7. If D is the distance from the source radiation intensity is proportional to:

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

D2
D
1/D
1/D2

8. In x-radiography radiation intensity is proportional to:

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

tube voltage
filament current
tube current
the square of the focus to film distance

9. In gamma radiography radiation intensity is proportional to:

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

source activity
half life
exposure time
the square of the source to film distance

10. If in good condition the sealed sources used in industrial radiography present a health hazard
due to:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

alpha radiation
beta radiation
gamma radiation
all of the above

11. The penetrating power of x-rays is controlled by:

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

tube current
tube voltage
(tube current) x (tube voltage)
both (a) and (b)

12. A Greinacher circuit is used in:

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

self-rectified x-ray equipment

rod anode x-ray equipment
panoramic x-ray equipment
constant potential x-ray equipment

RT-CW-01 Revision 1

Radiographic Testing

July 2006

13. The half life of a gamma ray isotope can be extended by:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

storing the isotope close to other isotopes of the same type

storing the isotope at a very low temperature
storing the isotope in a powerful magnetic field
the half life is a constant and cannot be changed

14. The radioactive materials used in modern industrial radiography are:

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

naturally occurring
produced by neutron bombardment
by products of nuclear fission
by products of nuclear fusion

15. One thing that x-rays and gamma rays have in common with visible light is that:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

x-rays, gamma rays & light all cause ionisation

x-rays, gamma rays & light are all refracted as they enter a glass prism
x-rays, gamma rays & light are all reflected by dense metals like lead
x-rays, gamma rays & light are all travel at the same velocity
(about 300,000 km/sec)

16. Electromagnetic radiation with photon energy of 5 keV and above will cause:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

ionisation of a gas
nuclear disintegration
nuclear fusion
alpha emission

17. In x-ray or gamma ray radiography radiation intensity is proportional to tube current or source
strength; another way to describe intensity would be:
(a) as a measure of the penetrating power of the radiation beam
(b) as the number of rays or photons striking a unit area (1 m2) each second
(c) as the number photons striking a unit area (1 m2) each second multiplied by the
average photon energy
(d) none of the above
18. Gamma rays are:
(a) a type of particle which may be emitted by a radio-nuclide
(b) a form of excess energy sometimes emitted by a radio-nuclide as a by-product of
alpha or beta emission
(c) more penetrating than x-rays of the same photon energy
(d) less penetrating than x-rays of the same photon energy

RT-CW-01 Revision 1

Radiographic Testing

July 2006

19. The radiation spectrum produced by a gamma ray source is:

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

continuous all wavelengths represented over a wide range

discrete made up of several specific wavelengths
either (a) or (b)
none of the above

20. Older type (i.e.: not of the more modern grounded anode type) heavy duty industrial x-ray
tubes sometimes had an anode that was cooled:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

directly by water
indirectly by water, via a heat exchanger & a circulating oil system
either (a) or (b)
by circulating liquid sodium

21. The supply of electrons from the x-ray tube filament is customarily increased by:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

decreasing the tube voltage

supplying less coolant to the cathode
increasing the filament current
reducing gas pressure inside the tube

22. The 2 factors that determine effective or projected focus size in an x-ray tube are:
(a) the diameter of the beryllium window and the diameter of the tungsten target
(b) the diameter of the electron beam and the diameter of the tungsten target
(c) diameter of the beryllium window and the angle of the tungsten target with respect to
the window
(d) diameter of the electron beam and the angle of the tungsten target with respect to the
electron beam
23. The pinhole camera method, which involves the use of a sheet of lead containing a small
hole, is a technique used in industrial radiography to:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

produce very high quality radiographs of thin materials

achieve enlargement of a radiographic image
measure the focal spot of an x-ray source
make copies of existing radiographs

24. An electron:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

carries an electric charge that is equal and opposite to that of a proton

is approximately 1836 times heavier than a neutron
is called an alpha particle when travelling at very high velocity
(a), (b) and (c) are all correct

RT-CW-01 Revision 1

Radiographic Testing

July 2006

25. X-ray equipment may have a self-rectified or a Greinacher circuit arrangement. The main
advantage of equipment that uses a Greinacher circuit is:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

better radiographic sensitivity at the same tube voltage

shorter exposure time at the same tube voltage & tube current
the focus size is generally much smaller
the Greinacher circuit is ideal for on-site radiography

26. Some medical x-ray equipment is fitted with a rotating anode. This enables:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

the focus size to be minimised

the output of radiation to be increased
both (a) and (b)
focussing of the x-ray beam

27. An ion is:

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

an atom that has fewer neutrons than protons

an atom that has more neutrons than protons
either (a) or (b)
an atom that has a number of electrons that is unequal to the number of protons in the
nucleus

28. The fundamental particle that has a positive charge is:

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

a proton
a beta particle
an electron
a neutron

29. To make cobalt 59 radioactive, bombard it with:

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

alpha particles
beta particles
neutrons
hand grenades

30. The isotopes Ir 189, Ir 190, Ir 191 & Ir 192 all have:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

the same atomic number (otherwise they wouldnt all be Ir)

the same atomic weight
the same number of neutrons
the same gamma ray emissions

RT-CW-01 Revision 1

Radiographic Testing

July 2006

31. The x-ray radiation generated as high velocity charged particles are decelerated is sometimes
referred to as:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

Compton radiation
cosmic radiation
bremsstrahlung
black body radiation

32. A beta particle is a high velocity:

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

electron
helium nucleus
proton
neutron

33. The half life of Iridium 192 is 74 days. If an 80 curie source arrives today, 222 days from now
the source activity will be:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

5 Ci
10 Ci
20 Ci
40 Ci

34. The body of the anode in an x-ray set is usually made from pure copper why?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

Because pure copper is a very good electrical conductor

Because pure copper has excellent thermal conductivity
Because pure copper oxidises only very slowly
Because pure copper is an excellent source of electrons

35. A gamma ray may be emitted:

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

following alpha emission

following beta emission
following either alpha or beta emission
by itself or following either alpha or beta emission

36. The standard abbreviation used to denote atomic number is:

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

Z
W

RT-CW-01 Revision 1

Radiographic Testing

July 2006

37. Iridium 192 has:

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

192 protons in the nucleus

192 neutrons in the nucleus
a combined total of 192 protons and neutrons in the nucleus
192 alpha particles in the nucleus

38. Compared with x-rays or gamma rays light:

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

has longer wavelength and higher frequency

has longer wavelength and lower frequency
travels faster
has shorter wavelength and lower frequency

39. Monochromatic x-rays are used in x-ray crystallography. These are best described as:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

x-rays with a spectrum that is flat across a broad range of wavelengths

x-ray radiation that has only one specific wavelength
x-ray radiation that causes calcium tungstate to fluoresce at a specific wavelength
highly penetrating x-rays used in ballistics for in motion radiography of high speed
projectiles

40. The property of a gamma ray source that is measured in curies per gram is:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

its self-absorption coefficient

its specific activity
its strength or activity
its penetrating power