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When Parliament is dissolved every seat in the House of Commons becomes vacant
and a general election is held. Each constituency in the UK elects one Member of
Parliament (MP) to a seat in the House of Commons. Usually the political party that
wins the most seats in the House of Commons forms the Government.
a motion for a general election is agreed by two thirds of the total number of seats in the
Commons including vacant seats (currently 434 out of 650)
Previous to this Act, the Prime Minister could call a general election at any time within the five
year period and not all Parliaments lasted the full five years.
Before 2011 a general election could be called earlier for a number of reasons. For example, the
Prime Minister could decide to call an election at a time when he or she was most confident of
winning the election (getting more MPs than any other party) or if a government was defeated on
a confidence motion, a general election could follow.
Usually the political party that wins the most seats in the House of Commons at a general
election forms the new government and its leader becomes Prime Minister.
If no party wins a majority of the seats, a situation which is known as a 'hung Parliament', then
the largest party may form a minority government or there may be a coalition government of two
or more parties. The Prime Minister appoints ministers who work in the government departments,
the most senior of these sit in Cabinet.
The History of the Parliamentary Franchise: House of Commons Library briefing paper
Pre-election contacts between civil servants and opposition parties: House of Commons
Library briefing paper
Related information
Read current parliamentary material available on general elections, including select committee
reports, briefing papers on current legislation and other subjects produced by the parliamentary
research services.