"Lucian Blaga" University Of Sibiu

Faculty of Sciences

Carbon dioxid
Carbon is the main element that ensures life. Like other
chemical elements, he is involved in nature in a circuit. Carbon
cycle is basically perfect, due to its very high speed of the
movement in the various areas within the biocenosis with
inorganic and trophic networks. Biogenic carbon is the primary
element being present in nature in the form of calcareous origin
biogenic carbonates, mineral and gaseous (carbon dioxide
CO2), the latter as representing the path of movement of
inorganic carbon

in the ecosphere.

With

all the high

consumption of carbon assimilated by the bodies, its quantity

began to rise threatening
Worldwide, 60% of the power is produced by burning coal
in thermal power stations in particular lignite, which is the
polluter but also the cheapest fossil fuel. A typical thermal
power station, of 600 MW, which is responsible for issuing the
atmosphere of about 3.5 million tons of CO2 annually. It is
estimated that, globally, are issued annually more than 20
billion tons of CO2 by burning coal. A quantity that can not be
'recycled' by the planetary system, which invariably leads to the
accumulation of the gas in the atmosphere,causing the global
warming.
About

one

third

of

industrial

pollution

comes

from

transport. The world runs more than one billion vehicles with
internal combustion engines.
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"Lucian Blaga" University Of Sibiu

Faculty of Sciences

High levels of CO2 emissions from car engines are mainly

caused by oxidation reactions of carbon monoxide in catalysts.
In theory, the various anti-pollution rules in the world are trying
to limit CO2 emissions - for example, new vehicles sold in
Europe in 2014 were on average CO2 emissions of 130 g / km.
And heavy transport vehicles were below 200 g/km. But even
under the most optimistic consumer conditions (although the
actual values are 30% higher than in theory) a vehicle with
internal combustion engine is responsible for the issuance of
approximately one tonne of CO2 into the atmosphere. Which
means that each year transport sector emits at least one billion
tons of CO2 into the atmosphere.
Since 1958 Roger Revelle and Charles David Keeling
started to measure CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere. They
stiudiat carbon dioxide emissions over the mountain Mauna Loa
in Hawaii. Sawtooth appearance of the curve is due to the
seasons. Most of the land, which grows vegetation, is in the
northern hemisphere. Spring and summer vegetation growth
leaves

assimilate

CO2

necessary

as

result

of

CO2

concentration in the atmosphere decreases. Autumn and winter

the leaves decompose releasing CO2 concentration of the
atmosphere increases. From the graph we see that the CO2
concentration increased from 316 ppm in parts volume in 1960

"Lucian Blaga" University Of Sibiu

Faculty of Sciences

to

approx.

Studies

385

ppm

in

the

show

that

the

critical

winter

of

threshold

2007.

of

CO2

concentration in the atmosphere (450 ppm) will be exceeded,

an increase of 38% from the current concentration 387 ppm .
Was found a system whereby coal extracted from the earth in
the form of gas or oil, to be reintroduced into the earth in the
form of CO2, decreasing in this way the consequences of the
greenhouse effect and giving future generations a source of
energy exploitable and safe. Convincing results were obtained
from small-scale demonstrations in which CO2 has been
injected underground for several years in Sleipner, Norway.

"Lucian Blaga" University Of Sibiu

Faculty of Sciences

Natural gas extracted from a depth of 2500 m containing a

few percent of CO2 that must be removed to meet commercial
standards. Instead of being released into the atmosphere,
captured CO2 is injected at a depth of 1000 m in Utsira aquifer
geological formations. When the injection it ends,will begin the
closing phase; drillings must be closed properly and if
necessary will take corrective measures to reduce the risk. Once
the risk is low enough, the responsibility will be transferred to

national authorities.
Suilea Luminita Ana Maria

Deforestation
Deforestation is clearing Earth's forests on a massive scale
where the land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use. At
the moment, forests cover about 30% of the worlds land area.
At the current rate of deforestation, the worlds rain forests
could completely vanish in a hundred years.

"Lucian Blaga" University Of Sibiu

Faculty of Sciences

In other words, the deforestation means cutting off the

wood vegetation from a large area without planting a new
vegetation for the areas regeneration. It means taking off all
kind of woods from the forest and having a totally different use.
There are some important reasons for people which
determinate them to make these deforestations. One of the
most important is the agriculture. In nowadays, it causes the
biggest percent of forests cutting off for transforming the forest
land in a lot of farmlands. The necessity of these farmlands is
determinated by population increasing, at the same time the
production of more food to be enough for this population
increase.
Another reason is the building of new settlements. This is
caused by the necessity and sometimes by the wishing of
creation of new cities or expand the actual cities.
Production of paper, furniture, match sticks and all
products which have the wood as main material is very
important for the modern society. A lot of things used by people
in their daily activities are based on wood and because of it, the
number of deforestation from all parts of Earth is increasing.
The last reason analyzed is making the new lands for
pasture. In Romania, these kind of lands are protected by law
and because in our country there are a lot of sheeps and
creation the land for pasture is a real necessity.

"Lucian Blaga" University Of Sibiu

Faculty of Sciences

Even if all these causes up presented are necessities of

population for a better societys improvement, all actions of
cutting off forests have negative influences. An important effect
of deforestation is the accelerated soil erosion. The erosion is
the action of surface processes, such as water flow or wind, that
remove soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location to
another location.
Another effect is climate imbalance. Deforestation affects
the climate because trees release vapors of water in the air,
which

is

compromised

on

with

the

lack

of

trees.

The

deforestation decrease quantity of carbon and evolve carbon

dioxide into the air. This leads to the imbalance in the
atmospheric temperature further making conditions for the
ecology difficult.
Being more carbon dioxide in the atmospheric air, its
results a global warming which determinates rising sea level,
melting glaciers, the extinction of a lot of species of plants and
animals and people healths changing. Maybe the most
dangerous effect of this rising of temperature is the production
of greenhouse gases.
Further on, to combat these negative effects, the people
found a lot of solutions to reduce all novice influences. One of
them, and maybe the best one is to reduce the number of
deforestation by employing a series of lows and rules to govern
it better.

"Lucian Blaga" University Of Sibiu

Faculty of Sciences

Banning the clear cutting of forests is another solution.

Rarefying the forest, sometimes, can be very useful for trees
growing. And the last solution presented is to replace the cut
forest by planting young trees for giving to the forest a new
chance to strike a balance between the quantity of oxygen and
carbon dioxide form the air. The planting trees is not a solution
only for the cut forest, it should be applied in settlements and in
all areas where the people lives.
As a conclusion, the deforestation is a solution just for
business and making money against the lows. For long periods
of time, it causes a lot of negative effects for plants, for
animals, for people and for the whole Earth.
Catalina Andreea Larisa

Methane end Hydrogen sulfide

Methane is

a chemical

compound with

the chemical

formula CH4 (one atom of carbon and four atoms of hydrogen).

It is the simplest alkane and the main component of natural
7

"Lucian Blaga" University Of Sibiu

Faculty of Sciences

gas. The relative abundance of methane on Earthmakes it an

attractive fuel, though capturing and storing it poses challenges
due

to

its gaseous state

under normal

conditions

for

temperature and pressure.

In its natural state, methane is found both below ground
and under the sea floor. When it finds its way to the surface and
theatmosphere,

it

is

known

as atmospheric

methane. The

Earth's atmospheric methane concentration has increased by

about 150% since 1750, and it accounts for 20% of the
total radiative forcing from all of the long-lived and globally
mixed greenhouse gases(these gases don't include water vapor
which is by far the largest component of the greenhouse
effect).] Methane breaks

down in

the

atmosphere

and

creates CH3 with water vapor.

Methane is important for electrical generation by burning it
as a fuel in a gas turbine or steam generator. Compared to
other hydrocarbon

fuels,

methane

produces

less carbon

dioxide for each unit of heat released. At about 891 kJ/mol,

methane's heat

of

combustion is

lower

than

any

other

hydrocarbon but the ratio of the heat of combustion (891

kJ/mol) to the molecular mass (16.0 g/mol, of which 12.0 g/mol
is

carbon)

shows

that

methane,

being

the

simplest

hydrocarbon, produces more heat per mass unit (55.7 kJ/g) than
other complex hydrocarbons. In many cities, methane is piped
into homes for domestic heating and cooking. In this context it
is usually known as natural gas, which is considered to have an

"Lucian Blaga" University Of Sibiu

Faculty of Sciences

energy

content

of

39 megajoules per

cubic

meter,

or

1,000 BTU per standard cubic foot.

Methane in the form of compressed natural gas is used as
a vehicle fuel and is claimed to be more environmentally
friendly than other fossil fuels such as gasoline/petrol and
diesel. Research into adsorption methods of methane storage
for use as an automotive fuel has been conducted.
Hydrogen

sulfide is

the chemical

compound with

the formula H
2S. It is a colorless gas with the characteristic foul odor of
rotteneggs; it is heavier than air, very poisonous, corrosive,
flammable, and explosive.
Small
petroleum,

amounts

of

but natural

90%. Volcanoes and

hydrogen
gas can

some hot

sulfide

occur

contain

springs (as

springs)emit

well

in crude
up

to

as cold
some H

2S, where it probably arises via the hydrolysis of sulfide

minerals,
2O

i.e.

MS
MO

+H
+H

2S.Hydrogen sulfide can be present naturally in well water,

often as a result of the action ofsulfate-reducing bacteria.
Hydrogen sulfide is created by the human body in small doses
through bacterial breakdown of proteins containing sulfur in the
intestinal tract. It is also produced in the mouth and is a cause
of halitosis.

"Lucian Blaga" University Of Sibiu

Faculty of Sciences

Hydrogen sulfide is used to separate deuterium oxide,

or heavy water, from normal water via the Girdler sulfide
process.
Hydrogen sulfide is considered a broad-spectrum poison,
meaning that it can poison several different systems in the
body, although the nervous system is most affected. The
toxicity

of H

2S is comparable with that of carbon monoxide.It forms a

complex

bond

with iron in

the mitochondrial cytochrome enzymes,

thus

preventing cellular respiration

Dudau Ioana Iulia

The melting of the ice caps

The polar ice caps have melted faster in last 20 years
than in the last 10,000. A comprehensive satellite study
confirms that the melting ice caps are raising sea levels at an
accelerating rate. Many individual mountain glaciers and ice
caps are known to have been retreating, contributing to the
rising sea levels. It is uncertain, however, whether the world's
two major ice sheets-Greenland and Antarctica-have been
growing or diminishing. This is of particular importance because
of the huge size of these ice sheets, with their great potential
for changing sea level. Together, Greenland and Antarctica
contain about 75% of the world's fresh water, enough to raise
sea level by over 75 meters, if all the ice were returned to the
oceans.

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"Lucian Blaga" University Of Sibiu

Faculty of Sciences

The Greenland ice sheet is warmer than the Antarctic

ice sheet and as a result, global warming could produce serious
melting on Greenland while having less effect in the Antarctic.
In the Antarctic, temperatures are far enough below freezing
that even with some global warming, temperatures could
remain sufficiently cold to prevent extensive surface melting.
There is concern that, with global warming, the water
under the ice shelves would be warmer and cause them to
break up more readily, forming very large icebergs. If the ice
shelves of West Antarctica were to break up, this would release
more inland ice in an irreversible process, possibly leading to
sea level rises of several meters.

Greenland is melting fastest

11

"Lucian Blaga" University Of Sibiu

Faculty of Sciences

The pattern of change differs considerably between the

Arctic and the Antarctic. Two thirds of the ice loss is happening
in Greenland. "The rate of ice loss from Greenland has
increased almost five-fold since the mid-1990s", says Erik Ivins,
who coordinated the project for NASA.
Although the Greenland ice sheet is only about one
tenth the size of Antarctica, today it is contributing twice as
much ice to sea levels, according to Shepherd: "It's certainly the
larger player, probably just because it is at a more equatorial
latitude, further from the North pole than Antarctica from the
South pole." The ice on Greenland is also melting on the
surface, because of increasing air temperatures.
Different conditions within the Antarctic
In the Antarctic, the situation is a more complex one.
Scientists distinguish between the West and East, which are
being affected differently by climate change. West Antarctica is
losing ice at an accelerating rate. Many of the region's glaciers
are by the sea, which is warming. It is only to be expected that
the ice is melting faster here, says Shepherd.

12

"Lucian Blaga" University Of Sibiu

Faculty of Sciences

In the huge area of East Antartica, the ice is mostly

above sea level, Shepherd explains. The air temperature is also
much lower, and the experts do not expect the ice to melt on
account of rising temperatures. In this part of Antarctica, the ice
sheet is actually growing as a consequence of increased
snowfall. This has led some critics to question the global
warming theory. However for Shepherd and his colleagues, the
changes are all consistent with patterns of climate warming,
which leads to more evaporation from the oceans and in turn
more precipitation, which falls as snow on the ice sheets.
Are the Effects of Global Warming Really that Bad?
Short answer: Yes. Even a seemingly slight average
temperature rise is enough to cause a dramatic transformation
of our planet.
It may not sound like muchperhaps the difference
between wearing a sweater and not wearing one on an earlyspring day. But for the world in which we live, which climate
13

"Lucian Blaga" University Of Sibiu

Faculty of Sciences

experts project will be at least eight degrees warmer by

2100 should global emissions continue on their current path,
this small rise will have grave consequences, ones that are
already becoming apparent, for every ecosystem and living
thingincluding us.
According to the National Climate Assessment, human
influences are the number one cause of global warming,
especially the carbon pollution we cause by burning fossil fuels
and the pollution-capturing we prevent by destroying forests.
The carbon dioxide, methane, soot, and other pollutants we
release into the atmosphere act like a blanket, trapping the
sun's heat and causing the planet to warm. Evidence shows that
2000 to 2009 was hotter than any other decade in at least the
past 1,300 years. This warming is altering the earth's climate
system, including its land, atmosphere, oceans, and ice, in farreaching ways.
Simulete Ioana Lavinia

14

"Lucian Blaga" University Of Sibiu

Faculty of Sciences

Sea Level Rise

The rise of the sea level is a natural consequence of
the global warming of our planet. We know this fact from the
basic Physics. When the water gets warm, it expands. So, when
the ocean gets warm, the sea level rises. When ice is heated, it
melts. And when the ice from land melts and reaches into the
water, its level rises.
The main cause of the sea level rise is the spread of
water, as a result of the growth of water temperature a simple
Physics phenomenon. The additional factors that contribute to
this growth are the melting of the glaciers and ice caps caused
by the rise of the temperature of the atmosphere.
Regional Differences
The sea level is not the same in all geographical
regions. Therefore , it is expected that the sea level to rise more
in some regions than in other, because the temperature rise
into the water layers ( vertically)

happens

during different

steps. Apart from the global warming, the regional changes of

the sea level can also be caused by

the continental

movements. For example, the ground level from the deltas of

some rivers decreases a few millimeters a year because the
sediments withdraw. In these situations, a rise of the sea levels
intensifies

the existing regional effects. In other regions, a rise

of the sea level can be subtle, because the rise of the ground
has the same value with the sea level rise, even higher.
The Acidification of the Oceans
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"Lucian Blaga" University Of Sibiu

Faculty of Sciences

The acidification of the oceans is characterized as being

the decrease of the pH of the world ocean as a result of the CO2
absorption from the atmosphere by the oceans.
The acidification of the oceans has a global negative
impact upon bodies and important ecosystems which provides
food for millions of people. The acidification of the oceans rise
has an impact upon beings based on calcium, like small
organisms

called pteropode, the most important food source

for crabs, fish, lobsters or coral. One of the most important

biological effects is the destruction of colour pigments of some
coral species which forms the Great Barrier Reef. The high water
acidity has caused the destruction of the symbiotic algae that
had as a result the whitening of the coral.
Other biological effects:
The decrease of the reproductive potential of the aquatic
organisms and animals
The slowdown of the growth process
The increasing sensitivity towards different illnesses
Negative effects upon the food chain and the ecosystem
structure
The increasing of the vulnerability and sensitivity of the
ecosystems
Socio-economical effects:
Fishing decrease
The decrease of the tourism potential
Negative impact upon the real estate in the area
Metal corrosion due to the seas and oceans action

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"Lucian Blaga" University Of Sibiu

Faculty of Sciences

The acidification of the oceans is an unavoidable

process due to the continuum release of CO2 into atmosphere.
The negative impact of these emissions is globally felt, and it
affects both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.

Petrica Raluca

Effects on the Biosphere and Lithosphere

The local climate destabilization and the global warming,
begin in the second half of XVII century, when, anthropogenic
activities, like the burning fuels or the deforestation , were
increased, and once with them is increasing

the greenhouse

effect.In consequence the global average temperature is grew

with 0,74C in period 1906-2005, and for Europe the grew of
temperature in the same period it was more stronger with 1C
(Busuioc et al. 2010), and the rainfalls have multiplied in the
north of Europe and they have dropped in the south of Europe,
where they appeared massive droughts.
Regarding Romania was found significantly increasing the
of average annual temperature during 1901-2005 by about
0,5C, but this increase has almost doubled in the period 19612007.In parallel, there have been changes in the regime of
extreme heat indices (increasing duration of heat waves,
increasing the threshold very hot days, lowering annual
changes of cold waves) (Busuioc et al., 2010). Heating signal in
this last period was intensified in the summer, warmer in the
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"Lucian Blaga" University Of Sibiu

Faculty of Sciences

west and southwest. There were also changes in the regime

indices associated events rainfall extremes as significantly
increasing the maximum duration of the period of consecutive
days without precipitation in the south (winter) and west
(summer) (Busuioc et al. 2010).1
Global warming determine soil temperature rise, which
leads to drying of favoring wildfires. Between June 20 and July 8,
2008 in California had started already 18 000 fires, devastating
241 600 ha. Apart from disrupting the carbon cycle fires can
lead to soil erosion, deforestation analog effects. 2
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ) shows
a series of observations on the influence of global warming on
the

biosphere,

observations

showing

the

local

climate

destabilization and disruption seasons. But these observations

are not evenly distributed: 96% of them were conducted in
Europe and North America and only 2.75% in other continents.
According to them, the seasons appear out of sync compared to
the provisions astronomical local with an advance of up to two
weeks.3
This affects eg bird migration periods. A study on seasonal
behavior of 130 species of animals showed a gap of approx. 3.2

1 Busuioc et al., 2010, Climate Variability and Climate Changed In Romania, Pro
Universitaria

2 Mediafax, 2008,Firefighters struggling to extinguish Californians hundreds of fires

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Faculty of Sciences

days per decade, and in some areas, for example in Torino,

even more, by 4.4 days per decade.
The phenomenon is observed in plants. In Europe, the
leaves and flowers appear faster on average by 2.4 to 3.1 days,
and in North America 1.2 - 2.0 days per decade. The point of
maximum annual CO2 in the atmosphere in the northern
hemisphere confirm the advance of seasons, in 1990 he was
touched seven days earlier than in 1960.4
Consequences of Global Warming
1. Flooding:
Raising sea levels lead to worse flooding problems,
especially very low areas, such as those in the Netherlands,
Bangladesh and Venice. Living in floodable areas, very poor
communities, often because it is the only fertile ground
available. Poverty makes it cannot pay the insurance, what
makes you not able to compensate for losses in the event of
natural disasters.
2. Northwest Passage:

3 Keeling, C.D. (1996). Increased of northern vegetation activity inferred from

atmospheric CO2 measurements. Nature 382: 146-149

4 United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2000, Global warming: Impacts:

Forests

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"Lucian Blaga" University Of Sibiu

Faculty of Sciences

Melting Arctic capital during summer may open the

Northwest Passage, which in 2007 was opened naturally
navigation for the first time in history. This shortens. 5000
nautical miles (9,000 km) routes of ships between Europe and
Asia, particularly oil tankers which cannot pass through the
Panama Canal.
3. Health:
Temperatures rise increases the risk of cardiovascular
diseases and increased concentrations of ozone, a pollutant
that can produce asthma. The World Health Organization
considers that the process of global warming is guilty of the
death of 150 000 people, and 5 million other illness due to heat
waves or various natural disasters triggered by this process. In
Romania, in June 2008, hot weather has resulted in 187 cases
that require medical help, of which 139 in Bucharest. 5
4. Economical
EU report regarding the consequences of global warming
on the security environment attracts attention to the fact that
Arctic melting glaciers could make exploitable natural resources
like fisheries, or deposits of natural gas and oil resources that
are currently locked beneath continental ice platform. This
could lead to divergent between Russia, the United States,
Canada, Norway and Denmark.6

5 Woods Hole Research Center, 2000, Feedback Cycles: linking forests, climate and land
use activities

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"Lucian Blaga" University Of Sibiu

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Muntoiu Dan

The Effects Of Weather Conditions

The aim of this article is to discuss the effects of climate
variability

and

change

upon

food

production,

risk

of

malnutrition, and incidence of weeds, insects, and diseases. It

focuses

on

the

effects

of

extreme

weather

events

on

agriculture, looking at examples from the recent past as well as

future projections. Major incidents of climate variability are
contrasted, including the effects of the Southern oscillation.
Finally, projected scenarios of future climate change impacts on
crop production and risk of hunger in major agricultural regions
are presented
Climate change is reflected in a series of variations in
environmental parameters, which could greatly affect life on
Earth. This continues for a long period (typically decades or
longer). Environmental factors act as vectors in adapting to
biological

evolution

of

plants,

animals

and

ecosystem

structures.
The effects of global warming on our planet are becoming
more obvious and dramatic. Alarmingly rapid increase in
temperature, extreme weather conditions and their devastating

6 Mediafax, 2008, "Global warming will Russia and the time went divergences NATO"

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"Lucian Blaga" University Of Sibiu

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impact on human lives, all clearly outline a pessimistic picture

for the state of the Earth.
Soil affected by drought threatens to become inaccessible
due to decreased fertility. Also, higher temperatures cause the
need of land irrigation more frequently, which increases
production costs, and at the same time creates conflicts on
water resources.
In

addition,

the

possibility

of

reduced

or

even

disappearance of winter can lead to an alarming increase of

harmful insects that can reproduce more often and live longer.
This results in negative consequences for plant crops. Moreover,
heavy rainfall can also increase the occurrence of floods.
The frequency, size, intensity, seasonality, and type of
fires depend on weather and climate as well as forest structure
and composition. Fire initiation and spread depends on the
amount and frequency of precipitation, the presence of ignition
agents, and conditions .
A review of how each disturbance is influenced by climate,
affects forests, and might be exacerbated by climate change. It
also provides a background for examining ways to cope with the
impacts of changing weather conditions.
Challenges to food production as well as current and future
energy from burning of fossil fuels and clearing of forests for
cultivation can have profound effects on the global environment
agriculture, and the availability of low-cost, high quality food for
humans. Individual farmers and consumers are expected to be
affected by changes in global and regional climate. The
agricultural sector in both developing and established areas
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"Lucian Blaga" University Of Sibiu

Faculty of Sciences

needs to understand what is at stake and to prepare for the

potential change wisely.
Despite tremendous improvements in technology and crop
yield potential, food production remains highly dependent on
climate, because solar radiation, temperature, and precipitation
which are the main drivers for crops growth.
Plant diseases and pest infestations, as well as the supply
and demand for irrigation are also directly influenced by
climate.
Altered weather patterns can increase crop vulnerability to
infection, pest infestations, and choking weeds. Ranges of crop
weeds, insects, and diseases are projected to expand to higher
latitudes. Shifts in climate in various world regions may have
different and contrasting effects. Some parts of the world may
benefit from global climate change (at least in the short term),
but large regions of the developing world may experience
reduced food supplies and potential increase in malnutrition.
Changes in food supply could lead to permanent or semipermanent

shift

of

populations

in

developing

countries,

consequent overcrowding and associated diseases, such as

tuberculosis.
Climate change and variability considerations of the
potential impacts of climate change on agriculture should be
based not only on the mean values of expected climatic
parameters but also on the probability, frequency, and severity
of potential extreme events. Temporal and spatial variance of
meteorological conditions and storms can also affect soil

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"Lucian Blaga" University Of Sibiu

Faculty of Sciences

conditions,

water

availability,

agricultural

yields

and

susceptibility to pest and pathogen infestations.

In the end, the impact on people and the whole planet
does not stop here and the effects of rising temperatures are
increasingly visible and ever more worrying.
Vidrighin Mioara Nicoleta

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
1. Suilea Luminita Ana Maria
http://ecoprofit.ro/incalzirea-globala-cauze-efecte/
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Enc%C4%83lzirea_global
%C4%83

24

"Lucian Blaga" University Of Sibiu

Faculty of Sciences

https://geofizicapentrutoti.wordpress.com/2013/10/31/stocare
a-geologica-a-co2/
2. Catalina Andreea Larisa
http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/causes-effectssolutions-of-deforestation.php;
http://www.scritub.com/geografie/ecologie/Defrisareapadurilor62736.php;
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defri%C8%99are;
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Enc%C4%83lzirea_global
%C4%83;
http://jurnalspiritual.eu/defrisarile-cauze-si-efecte/.
3. Dudau Ioana Iulia
www.Wikipedia.ro
http://www.ecomagazin.ro
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substan%C8%9Be_toxice

4. Simulete Ioana Lavinia

http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/PolarIce/polar_ice2
.php
http://www.dw.com/en/polar-ice-sheets-melting-faster-thanever/a-16432199
https://www.nrdc.org/stories/are-effects-global-warmingreally-bad
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5. Petrica Raluca
http://www.ecomagazin.ro/efectele-incalzirii-globale-2/
http://www.ziare.com/mediu/incalzire-globala/efecteledezastruoase-ale-incalzirii-globale-1232182
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Enc%C4%83lzirea_global
%C4%83
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