which that

which
1 WHICH
1.which s+verb+o,which 0svo,which s
2.which s:s+verb,which
1 +which=
1.s+verb(+o)+prep+which
2.s+verb(+o),prep+which
+that=
I will buy this book because from that I study a lot.( because
+which)
I will buy this book from which I study a lot. +which

which
1
which which

A of B, which
of
1 The commission proposed that funding for development of the park, which
could be open to the public early next year, be obtained through a local bond
issue.
2,Construction of the Roman Colosseum, which was officially known as the
Flavian Amphitheater, began in A.D.69, during the reign of Vespasian, and was
completed the Colosseum with a one-hundred-day cycle of religious pageants,
gladitorial games, and spectacles.

Flavian Amphitheatre
3In laboratory rats, a low dose of aspirin usually suffices to block production of
thromboxane, a substance that promotes blood clotting, but does not seriously
interfere with the production of prostacyclin, which prevents clotting.
thromboxane []
prostacyclin n.,
4The survival of coral colonies, which are composed of innumerable tiny
polyps living in a symbiotic relationship with brilliantly colored algae, is being
threatened, experts say, not only by pollutants such as agricultural runoff, oil
slicks, and trash, but also by dropped anchors, probing divers, and global
warming.,
5In attempting to solve the problems caused by a lowering of the price of oil, oil
companies operating in the North Sea have taken a variety of approaches,
which include reducing employment, using new technology to pump oil more
efficiently from smaller fields, and finding innovative ways to cut the cost of
building and operating platforms.,

A of Bwhich which
BSVO,which
which S which :s+verb,which
2
+which

From the bark of the paper birch tree the Menomini crafted a
canoe about twenty feet long and two feet wide, with small
ribs and rails of cedar, which could carry four persons or
eight hundred pounds of baggage so light that a person
could easily portage it around impeding rapids.
(A) baggage so light

(B) baggage being so light

(C) baggage, yet being so light
(D) baggage, and so light
(E) baggage yet was so light

E
which canoe
about canoe
which
cedar
OG12-26
Emily Dickinsons letters to Susan Huntington Dickinson were written over a period
beginning a few years before Susans marriage to Emilys brother and ending shortly
before Emilys death in 1886, outnumbering her letters to anyone else.
A,Dickinson were written over a period beginning a few years before Susans
marriage to Emilys brother and ending shortly before Emilys death in 1886,
outnumbering
B,Dickinson were written over a period that begins a few years before Susans
marriage to Emilys brother and ended shortly before Emilys death in 1886,
outnumber
C,Dickinson, written over a period beginning a few years before Susans marriage to
Emilys brother and that ends shortly before Emilys death in 1886and outnumbering
D,Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susans
marriage to Emilys brother, ending shortly before Emilys death in 1886, and
outnumbering
E,Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susans
marriage to Emilys brother and ending shortly before Emilys death in 1886,
outnumber

which Susan Huntington

Dickinson to letter

Unlike most other mergers in the utility industry, which

have been driven by the need to save money and extend
companies service areas, the merger of the nations leading
gas company and leading electric company is intended to
create a huge network for marketing the utilities in question
as states open their utility markets to competition.
which utility industry
in merger
In order to protect English manufacturers of woolen goods
against both American and Irish competition, England
passed the Woolens Act of 1698, which prohibited the
export of woolen cloth beyond a colony's borders.
which 1698 of 1968
act
One pervasive theory explains the introduction of breakfast
cereals in the early 1900s as a result of the growing number
of automobiles, which led to a decline in horse ownership
and a subsequent grain glut
Glut n.
The Forbidden City in Beijing, from which the emperors ruled
by heavenly mandate, was a site which no commoner or

foreigner could enter without permission, on pain of death.

A of Bwhich which
of 1968 A of B

on pain of

OG12SC107

Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, a technique

called proton-induced X-ray emission, which can quickly

analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance

without destroying it, is finding uses in medicine,

archaeology, and criminology.

(A) Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, a

technique called proton-induced X-ray emission, which can

quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any

substance without destroying it,

(B) Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, having

the ability to analyze the chemical elements in almost any

substance without destroying it, a technique called proton-

induced X-ray emission

(C) A technique originally developed for detecting air

pollutants, called proton-induced X-ray emission, which can

quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any

substance without destroying it,

(D) A technique originally developed for detecting air

pollutants, called proton-induced X-ray emission, which has

the ability to analyze the chemical elements in almost any

substance quickly and without destroying it,

(E) A technique that was originally developed for detecting

air pollutants and has the ability to analyze the chemical

elements in almost any substance quickly and without

destroying the substance, called proton- induced X-ray

emission,

A
which emission
which emission
called technique
SVO,which S called proton-induced
X-ray emission
GWD-10-Q2: GWD-11-10
Marconis conception of the radio was as a substitute for the
telephone, a tool for private conversation; instead, it is
precisely the opposite, a tool for communicating with a
large, public audience.
A,Marconis conception of the radio was as a substitute for
the telephone, a tool for private conversation; instead, it is
B,Marconi conceived of the radio as a substitute for the
telephone, a tool for private conversation, but which is
C,Marconi conceived of the radio as a tool for private

conversation that could substitute for the telephone;

instead, it has become
D,Marconi conceived of the radio to be a tool for private
conversation, a substitute for the telephone, which has
become
E,Marconi conceived of the radio to be a substitute for the
telephone, a tool for private conversation, other than what it
is,
C B
B which telephone which radio which

GMAT whichwhich
which
which
C it
radio

A of B/A in Bwhich AA
CALLED tech
which
which
which GMAT
which

which
which
which

3 A and B, which
which A B A and B

 A and B B Bswhich
which which
As and Bs, which are (which Bs? which As and Bs)
A and Bs, which are (which Bs which A and Bs)

A B which which
A and B
B A which
which B
B A which
together which A and Bs

The human nervous system bears a superficial resemblance

to a telephone system both because the former carries
information in the form of electrical impulses and because all
of its neural pathways converge in the brain and spinal
cord, which together form a kind of central exchange.

Unlike the shuttle and earlier spacecraft, which were

capable of carrying sufficient power in fuel cells and
batteries for their short flights, a permanently orbiting space
station will have to generate its own electricity.

 which which
GMAT

OG12-SC10
10. Carnivorous mammals can endure what would otherwise
be lethal levels of body heat because they have a heatexchange network which kept the brain from getting too hot.
(A) which kept
(B) that keeps
(C) which has kept
(D) that has been keeping
(E) having kept
B In (A) and (C), which introduces a restrictive clause.
Some writers follow the convention that which can only be
used for nonrestrictive clauses, but insistence on this rule is
controversial, and both (A) and (C) can be rejected on other
grounds.

Scientists have observed large concentrations of heavymetal deposits in the upper twenty centimeters of Baltic Sea
sediments, which are consistent with the growth of industrial
activity there.

(A) Baltic Sea sediments, which are consistent with the

growth of industrial activity there
(B) Baltic Sea sediments, where the growth of industrial
activity is consistent with these findings
(C) Baltic Sea sediments, findings consistent with its growth
of industrial activity
(D) sediments from the Baltic Sea, findings consistent with
the growth of industrial activity in the area
(E) sediments from the Baltic Sea, consistent with the

growth of industrial activity there

D A

which
svo,which s which WHICH
GMAT sediments are consistent with the growth of
industrial activity there findingresultmeansforms
be consistent with ,

that

1
2any , all, each, every, little, few, no, much, many
3+

The boy and the bike that are in the room

4the only, the very, the most the

1.
a.

subject+verb.+object+that+verb.+object

that that

2. S+verb+O+
(prep+C)+that+verb.+object
S+verb+O+that+verb+O+(prep+c)

3.that
4,sth that and that(that )
OG85. Salt deposits and moisture threaten to destroy the Mohenjo-Daro excavation in
Pakistan, the site of an ancient civilization that flourished at the same time as the
civilizations in the Nile Delta and the river valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates.
(A) that flurished at the same time as the civilizations
(B) that had flourished at the same time as had the civilizations
(C) that flourished at the same time those had
(D) flourishing at the same time as those did
(E) flourishing at the same time as those were
A
0G12-126 The use of lie detectors is based on the assumption that lying produces
emotional reactions in an individual that, in turn, create unconscious physiological
responses.
(A) that, in turn, create unconscious physiological responses
(B) that creates unconscious physiological responses in turn
(C) creating, in turn, unconscious physiological responses
(D) to create, in turn, physiological responses that are unconscious
(E) who creates unconscious physiological responses in turn
Athat reactions E ,who
individual ,
E

prep -6 that Aof B,that B

The list of animals that exhibits a preference of either using the right or the left hand (i.e.,
claw, paw, or foot) has been expanded to include the lower vertebrates.

(A) exhibits a preference of either using the right or the left hand (i.e., claw, paw, or foot)
has been expanded to include
(B) exhibits the preference to use either the right or the left hand (i.e., claw, paw, or foot)
has been expanded and includes
(C) exhibit a preference in either using the right or the left hand (i.e., claw, paw, or foot)
has been expanded to include
(D) exhibit a preference for using either the right or the left hand (i.e., claw, paw, or foot)
has been expanded to include
(E) exhibit the preference as to either using the right or the left hand (i.e., claw, paw, or
foot) has been expanded and includes
that Dthat animals exhibit a preference of either
using the right or the left hand list exhibits a preference of either using the right or
the left hand
GWD31-24-41.
In California, a lack of genetic variation in the Argentine ant has allowed the species to
spread widely; due to their being so genetically similar to one another, the ants consider all
their fellows to be a close relative and thus do not engage in the kind of fierce intercolony
struggles that limits the spread of this species in its native Argentina.
A.

due to their being so genetically similar to one another, the ants consider all their

fellows to be a close relative and thus do not engage in the kind of fierce intercolony
struggles that limits
B.

due to its being so genetically similar the ant considers all its fellows to be a close

relative and thus does not engage in the kind of fierce intercolony struggles that limit
C.

because it is so genetically similar, the ant considers all its fellows to be close

relatives and thus does not engage in the kind of fierce intercolony struggles that limits
D.

because they are so genetically similar to one another, the ants consider all their

fellows to be close relatives and thus do not engage in the kind of fierce intercolony
struggles that limit
E.

because of being so genetically similar to one another, the ants consider all their

fellows to be a close relative and thus do not engage in the kind of fierce intercolony
struggles that limits
D that that the kind of fierce
intercolony struggles , limit .
because of due to because of , due
to=be caused by gmat due to due to means 'caused by', due to
caused by
The game was postponed due to rain. wrong
The game was postponed because of rain. correct
The game's postponement was due to rain. correct
Because of due to

that
that
1 N + + that
1N + + that that N
885-4-21. With its plan to develop seven and a half acres of shore land, Cleveland is but
one of a large number of communities on the Great Lakes that is looking to its waterfront
as a way to improve the quality of urban life and attract new businesses.
(A) is looking to its waterfront as a way to improve the quality of urban life and attract
(B) is looking at its waterfront to improve the quality of urban life and attract
(C) are looking to their waterfronts to improve the quality of urban life and attract
(D) are looking to its waterfront as a way of improving the quality of urban life and
attracting
(E) are looking at their waterfronts as a way they can improve the quality of urban life and
attract

Cthat communities
2N + + that that
2A of B + that
1A of B + that that B
Og10-1. The Wallerstein study indicates that even after a decade young men and
women still experience some of the effects of a divorce occurring when a child.
(A) occurring when a child
(B) occurring when children
(C) that occurred when a child
(D) that occurred when they were children
(E) that has occurred as each was a child
Dthat a divorce;
2A of B + that that A
Og10-168. Today, because of improvements in agricultural technology, the same
amount of acreage produces double the apples that it has in 1910.
(A) double the apples that it has
(B) twice as many apples as it did
(C) as much as twice the apples it has
(D) two times as many apples as there were
(E) a doubling of the apples that it did
Choice B, the best answer, correctly uses the adverbial phrase twice as many... to
modify the verb produces; properly employs many rather than much to describe a
quantity made up of countable units (apples); and appropriately substitutes did for the
understood produced to express the logically necessary past tense of produces. Choice
A awkwardly substitutes the adjective double for twice; uses that without a clear
referent; and misuses has to refer to events occurring in 1910. Choice C employs the

incorrect much in a wordy construction and also misuses has. D is wordy and
imprecise;... as there were in 1910 refers to all apples produced in 1910, regardless of
location. E is illogical: since that refers to a doubling, E nonsensically asserts that
the doubling occurred in 1910.

GWD 32-2
Written in ink or engraved by stylus, more than 2,000 letters and documents on wooden
tablets excavated at the site of the old roman fort at Vindolanda in northern England are
yielding a historical account of the military garrison in the first and second centuries that
are so vivid in their details about personal life as they are from Pompeii
A.

are so vivid in their details about personal life as they ate

B.

are as vivid in their details of personal life as those gathered

C.

is as vivid in their detail about personal life as that gathered

D.

is as vivid in its details of personal life as that gathered

E.

is so vivid in its details of personal life as is that

D
that a historical account of the military garrison, a historical account of the military
garrison is as vivid in its details of personal lifeas that gathered from
Pompeli.

which/that
that,which
n+ that
n+which,thatwhich n

Where

225. Minnesota is the only one of the contiguous forty-eight states that still has a
sizable wolf population. and where this predator remains the archenemy of cattle
and sheep.
(A) that still has a sizable wolf population, and where
(B) that still has a sizable wolf population, where
(C) that still has a sizable population of wolves, and where
(D) where the population of wolves is still sizable;
(E) where there is still a sizable population of wolves and where
In choices A and C, the construction that still has ..., and where modifies Minnesota
with clauses that are not grammatically parallel. In choice B, the omission of and
illogically makes the where ... clause modify wolf population rather than Minnesota--

that is, choice B says in effect that the wolf population is where the wolf remains the
archenemy of cattle and sheep. Choice D is grammatically constructed, but it lacks a
conjunction that establishes a logical relation between the clauses; since Minnesota as
a grammatical subject is separated from the clause following the semicolon, the
statement there need not even pertain to Minnesota. In E, the best choice, the
parallel construction of where ... and where ... allows both clauses to modify
Minnesota.
E where Minnesota
Whose
Studies show that young people with higher-than-average blood pressure and their
families have a history of high blood pressure are more likely than others to develop a severe form
of the condition.
-675

(A) and their families have a history of high blood pressure

(B) whose families have a history of high blood pressure
(C) and a history of high blood pressure runs in the family
(D) whose families have a history of high blood pressure running in them
(E) with a history of high blood pressure running in their family

B whose with young people

GWD26-Q24
According to United States census data, while there was about one-third of mothers
with young children working outside the home in 1975, in 2000, almost two-thirds of
those mothers were employed outside the home.
A.

while there was about one-third of mothers with young children working outside
the home in 1975, in 2000, almost two-thirds of those mothers were employed
outside the home.

B.

there were about one-third of mothers with young children who worked outside
the home in 1975; in 2000, almost two-thirds of those mothers were employed
outside the home

C.

in 1975 about one-third of mothers with young children worked outside the
home; in 2000, almost two-thirds of such mothers were employed outside the
home

D.

even though in 1975 there were about one-third of mothers with young children
who worked outside the home, almost two-thirds of such mothers were
employed outside the home in 2000

E.

with about one-third of mothers with young children working outside the home
in 1975, almost two-thirds of such mothers were employed outside the home in
2000

CD who worked outside children

in 1998

with young children who ....

mothers
prep 2-29.Unlike many United States cities, where a river is no longer the focal point of urban life, the

river in San Antonio winds through the middle of the business district, and the River Walk, or Paseo del
Rio, is the city's most popular attraction.
(A) Unlike many United States cities, where a river is no longer the focal point of urban life, the river
in San Antonio
(B) Unlike the river in many cities in the United States, which is no longer the focal point of urban life,
in San Antonio the river
(C) Today the river in many cities in the United States is no longer the focal point of urban life, unlike
San Antonio, where it
(D) In few United States cities today, a river is the focal point of urban life, but the river in San Antonio
(E) No longer do many cities in the United States have a river as the focal point of urban life, but in
San Antonio the river
Eneveron longer . B B which United

States in the United States in

many cities the river
B Unlike the river( ) in many cities in the United StatesUnlike
many United States cities, where a river...
which B.
+
B which is no longer the focal point of urban life

D a river is the focal point of urban life,

E have a river as the focal point of urban life
B D a river is the focal point E have a river as the focal
point
the focal point river

a river is the focal point a river locates in the focal point

the focal point river river .