Answer all questions

1. Diagram 1 shows changes in the states of water.

P:

Q:

R:

T:

S:

Diagram 1
a) On Diagram 1, label P, Q, R, S and T using the following words.
Freezing

Liquid

Solid

Boiling

Gas
[ 5 marks ]

Black coffee

b) Diagram 2 shows the making of a cup of hot coffee.

Hot coffee
Hot water

Diagram 2
c) Based on Diagram 2, determine the solute, solvent and solution in the hot coffee.
a. Solute : .
b. Solvent : .
c. Solution: .
[3
marks ]
1

Test tube Q

Carbon
rod Y
Carbon
rod X

2. Diagram 3 shows the apparatus used in the electrolysis of water.

Diagram 3

a. Suggest one example of substance Z.

..
[1 mark]
b. Which of the two carbon rods function as the negative electrode?
..
[1 mark]
c.

When the circuit is switched on, some gas is collected in each test tube.
(i) What is the gas collected in test tube P?
.
[1 mark]
(ii) Suggest one way to identify the gas collected in test tube P.

[1 mark]
(iii) What is the gas collected in test tube Q?

[1 mark]
2

(iv) Suggest a way to identify the gas collected in test tube Q .

.
[1 mark]

d. State the expected ratio of the volume of the gas collected in test tube Q to the volume of
the gas collected in test tube P.
..
[1 mark]

3. Diagram 4 shows an experiment to study the effect of humidity on evaporation.

Diagram 4
(a) State the variables in the experiment.
(i) Manipulated variable:
(ii) Responding variable:
(iii) Constant variable:
[3 marks]

(b) What is the function of the anhydrous calcium chloride?

[1 mark]
3

(c) Name another chemical substance that can be used to replace the anhydrous
calcium chloride.
.
[1 mark]

(d) Why is the beaker containing water placed in the bell jar P?

[1 mark]

(e) What would be observed in bell jar P and bell jar Q after one hour? Why?

..
[2 marks]

(f) State two other factors that influence the rate of evaporation.
(i)
(ii)
[2 marks]

4. Diagram 5 shows an activity conducted to determine the freezing point and the boiling
point of water.

Diagram 5

(a) Why is salt added to the ice cubes in A?

[1 mark ]

(b) State the temperature of water in A when it begins to freeze.

[1 mark]
(c) State the temperature of water in B when it begins to boil.

[1 mark]

(d) Diagram 5.1 shows the reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide.
5

Dilute hydrochloric acid

Sodium hydroxide solution + universal indicator

Diagram 5.1

The results of the activity are recorded in Table 5.2

Change in colour of
universal indicator

Initial

Final

Purple

pH value

Table 5.2
(i) State the colour of M.

[1 mark]
(ii) Name the process that causes this change in colour.
..
[1 mark]

(ii)

Complete the word equation that shows the reaction.

Hydrochloric acid +
34 2 5

61

Sodium hydroxide
7

90

10

+
11

12

13

14

[2 marks]
lemon tomato(e)
apple

Diagram
5.2 shows several
substances with different pH values.
soap
toothpaste
Milk of magnesia

Diagram 5.2

(i) Based on Diagram 5.2, complete the table below by giving one example for each
group of substances.
Acidic

Alkaline

[2 marks]

(ii) What is the pH value of distilled water?

[1 mark]

(iii) Why do we use toothpaste to brush our teeth?

[1 mark]

5. Diagram 6 shows two methods of water purification, P and Q.

7

Diagram 6
a) Tick ( ) the substance that is present and () the substance that is not present in water
purified by the following methods.
Substance
Method

Suspended
particles

Microorganisms

Mineral salts

P
Q
[ 6 marks ]
b) Arrange the steps in the water purification process.
A : Chlorination
B : Sedimentation
C : Filtration
D : Flouridation
E : Coagulation
E

[ 4 marks ]
6. A news has reported an incident of river pollution. The pollution is caused by industrial
wastes discharged by a factory into the river.

(a) Explain the effects of disposing the industrial waste into the river to the aquatic life.

[ 2 marks ]
(b) What are the steps to be taken to control water pollution?

[ 2 marks ]