NORMAL VALUES IN OPHTHALMOLOGY

PARAMETER
Diameter of eye ball

Antero posterior
Lateral (horizontal)
Vertical
Axial length of eye ball At birth
At 3 yrs age
At 14 yrs age
Circumference of eye ball
Volume of eye ball
Weight of eye ball
Diameter of ant
horizontal
surface of cornea
vertical
Diameter of posterior surface of cornea
Thickness of cornea
In the centre
In periphery
Radius of curvature of anterior
central cornea
posterior
Refractive index of cornea
Refractive power of
As a whole
cornea
Anterior surface
Posterior surface
Corneal endothelial
At birth
cell density
Young adults
decompensation
Thickness of sclera
Posteriorly -thickest
EO muscle insertion
At equator
Near limbus
Width of ciliary body
Ant part- pars plicata
Post part- pars plana
Central depth of ant. Chamber
Volume of aqueous humour in anterior
chamber
Volume of aqueous humour in posterior
chamber
Rate of formation of aq. humour
Refractive index of aqueous humour
pH of aq. humour in ant chamber
Normal range of IOP
Equatorial diameter
At birth
of lens
In 2nd decade for life

VALUES
24 mm
23.5 mm
23 mm
18 mm
23 mm
24 mm
75 mm
6.5 ml
7 gm
11.75 mm
11 mm
11.5 mm
0.52 mm
0.67 mm
7.8 mm
6.5 mm
1.376
+ 43 D
+ 48 D
-5D
6000 /mm2
2400-3000 /mm2(parson 2800 /mm2)
<500 /mm2 ( 75% loss)
1 mm
0.3 mm
0.4 0.6 mm
0.8 mm
2 mm
5 mm temporally and 3 mm nasally
3 mm (Parson 2.5 mm)
0.25 ml
0.06 ml
2.3 l/min (1% of ant ch. vol.)
1.336
7.2 (acidic)
10.5- 20.5 mm Hg (15.5+/- 2.57)
6.5 mm
9-10 mm

Thickness of lens
Weight of lens
Radius of curvature
of ant surface of lens

At birth
At extreme of age

Without
accommodation
With accommodation
Radius of curvature of post surface of lens
Refractive index of lens
Refractive power of lens
Accommodative
At birth
power of lens
At 25 yrs of age
At 50 yrs of age
Near point
At 10 yrs
At 30 yrs age
At 40, 45 yrs age
Weight and volume, refractive index of vitreus
Thickness of retina at post pole, equator, ora
serrata
Diameter of
Optic disc
Macula lutea
Fovea centralis
Foveola
Foveal avascular zone
Thickness of ora serrata nasally and
temporally
Distance of ora serrata from limbus
Total number of rods and cones
Density of cones, length of cone cells in fovea
Length of optic nerve
Total
Intraocular
Intra orbital
Intracanalicular
Intracranial
Total number and thickness of fibres of optic
nerve
Size of optic chiasma
Visible portion of EM radiation spectrum
Dark adaptation time- cone and rod
adaptation
Light adaptation time
EO muscle insertion
Medial rectus
distance from limbus
Inferior rectus
by Fuchs, 1884, length Lateral rectus
of contact arc at
Superior rectus

3.5 mm
5 mm
135- 255 mg
10 mm
6 mm
6 mm
1.39 (nucleus 1.42, cortex 1.38)
16-17 D
14-16 D
7-8 D
1-2 D
7 cm
14 cm
25, 33 cm
4g, 4cc, 1.3349
0.56 mm, 0.18- 0.2 mm, 0.1 mm
1.5 mm
5.5 mm / 15o of visual field
1.85 mm / 5o of visual field
0.35 mm (2 DD from disc edge)
0.8 mm (P)
0.7- 0.8 mm and 2.1 mm
6mm nasally, 7 mm temporally
120 million and 6.5 million
1,99,000 /mm2, 80 m
47- 50 mm
1 mm
30 mm
6-9 mm
10 mm
1.2 million, 2-10 m
12 mm horizontal, 8 mm AP
400 (violet)- 750 (red)
5 min (cone) 30 min (rod)
5- 10 min
5.5 mm, 6 mm, 40 mm, 3.7 mm
6.5 mm, 9 mm, 40 mm, 5.5 mm
6.9 mm, 15 mm, 48 mm, 8.8 mm
7.7 mm, 8.4 mm, 42 mm, 5.8

primary gaze, length

Superior oblique
of muscle and tendon
Inferior oblique
length
Centre of rotation of eye ball in primary
position
Angle between muscle Sup and inf recti
plane and visual line
Sup and inf oblique
Angle between axis of eye ball and orbit
Number of cell layer
Marginal
of different parts of
Tarsal
conjunctival
Fornix and bulbar
epithelium
Limbal
Number of glands of Krause in the fornices
Number of glands of Wolfring in the tarsal
border
Distance of puncta from inner canthus
Lacrimal canaliculus- diameter
Length of canaliculus Vertical part
Horizontal part
Lacrimal sac- length
Total
Fundus
Body
Lacrimal sac breath and capacity
Length of NLD
Total
Intraosseous
Intra meatal
Diameter of NLD
Rate of secretion of tear
Refractive index and pH of tear
Normal BUT, height of marginal tear strip
Length of palpebral
Horizontal
fissure
Vertical in the centre
Length of LPS muscle and tendon
Size of tarsus- length, thickness
Height of tarsus
Upper lid
Lower lid
Number of meibomian glands
Number of glands of Zeis
Number of glands of Moll (modified sweat)
Normal rate of blinking
Depth of orbit- along medial and lateral wall
1 mm change in axial length gives ametropia of
1 mm change in radius of curvature of cornea
gives ametropia of

16.3 mm, 5 mm, 60 mm, 20 mm

18.4 mm, 17 mm, 37 mm, 1-2
13.5 mm behind apex of cornea
23o in primary position of gaze
51o
23o
5
2
3
8-10
40-42 upper and 6-8 lower
2-5 upper, 2-3 lower
Upper- 6 mm, lower- 6.5 mm
0.5 mm
2 mm
8 mm
15 mm
3-5 mm
10-12 mm
5-6 mm, 20 c. mm
18 mm (12-24 mm)
12.5 mm
5.5 mm
3 mm (upper end is narrowest)
1.2 l/ min or 10 cu ml/24 hrs
1.357, 7.4 (7.3-7.7) in sleep
> 10 sec, 0.5 mm
18-21 mm at birth, 28-30 mm adult
8 mm at birth, 9-11 mm adult
40 mm, 15 mm
29 mm,1 mm
10-11 mm
4-5 mm
20-30 in each lid, single row
2 glands associated with each cilia
Between the cilia, LL>UL
12- 20 times/min
42 mm and 50 mm
3D
6D

Hypermetropia at birth
Listings reduced eye Total dioptric power
Principal point
Nodal point
Anterior focal point
Posterior focal point
Ant & post focal
length

2.5 D
+ 60 D
1.5 mm behind ant. surface of cornea
7.2 mm behind ant surface of cornea
15.7 mm in front of ant surf of cornea
24.4 mm behind ant surf of cornea
17.2 (15.7+1.5) & 22.9 (24.4-1.5)