WRITESHOP ON THE

LOCAL SHELTER PLAN

LSP REPORT OUTLINE

Title Page (cover)

Flyleaf
Message of the LCE
Acknowledgement (if not part of Preface)
Abstract
Table of Contents
List of Figures (illustrations)
List of Tables
List of acronyms
Foreword
Preface
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1Rationale,
1.2Vision
1.3 goals and
1.4objectives
1.5Target Population
1.6The Shelter Planning Process
1.6.1
Key Players, Roles & Responsibilities
1.6.2
The Process
1.6.3
Structure and Timeframe of the Shelter Plan

Page

Chapter 2 CITY /MUNICIPAL OVERVIEW

2.1 Geographic Location and Features
2.1.1 Location
2.1.2 Land area
2.1.3 Climate
2.1.4 Topography and soils
2.1.5 Vulnerability to Multiple Hazards
2.2 Urban Development Trends
2.2.1 Population Size and Structure
2.2.2 Income and Poverty Incidence
2.2.3 Existing and Proposed Land Uses
2.2.4 Existing and Proposed Infrastructure
2.2.5 Organizations, Institutions and Governance
2.2.6 Local Economic Outlook
2.2.6.1 Income Class of LGU
2.2.6.2 Annual Income (local revenue & IRA)
2.2.6.3 Major Economic Activities
Chapter 3 ASSESSMENT OF SHELTER NEED
3.1 Basic Data and Assumptions
3.2 Current Housing Situation
3.2.1 Backlog
3.2.2 Future Need
3.2.3 Upgrading Needs
3.2.3.1 Tenure Upgrading

3.2.3.2 Infrastructure/Basic Services Upgrading

3.2.3.3 Structural Upgrading
Chapter 4 ASSESSMENT OF AFFORDABILITY
4.1
Affordability of Households for Housing
4.2 Affordable Housing Options
Chapter 5. ASSESSMENT OF RESOURCES FOR SHELTER
5.1 Land
5.2 Infrastructure & Basic Services (for new units and upgrading of infra facilities)
5.3 Housing Finance (for new housing)
Chapter 6. WORK AND FINANCIAL PLAN
Chapter 7. MONITORING AND EVALUATION SCHEME
Chapter 8. SANGGUNIANG BAYAN/PANLUNGSOD APPROVAL
ANNEXES
Attach as annex all the necessary documents or materials that may aide the planners, project
evaluators and readers in understanding, reviewing, monitoring and updating the plan.
Annexes may include the following:

Filled-up Worksheet 1 (Location and Number of Affected Households

Relevant worksheets not included in the main document
Annuity factor
Data from utilities companies/service providers
Maps
Detailed computation and description of Housing Options / House designs
(drawings)
Other related documents

REFERENCES AND/OR BIBLIOGRAPHY

GLOSSARY

Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
This section explains the need for a shelter plan.
Rationale
One of the initial difficulties faced by a writer is how to start the introductory section.
To ease the problem, the following approaches are suggested:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Start with a brief but provocative quotation that is applicable to the theme /
topic being written about;
Commence with striking facts or statistics that objectively portray the
existing problem or situation;
Begin by presenting a very brief background of events that truly depict the
present state of the issue abroad, in the country, and in the locality;
Begin with the writers firm stand on the need to bridge the gap between
existing bodies of knowledge and the prevailing problem situation; or
Start with the writers rationale concerning the crafting of a plan or
proposal.

The introductory section serves to orient the reader on what prompted the
writer/planner to craft the plan. It gives a brief narrative exposition on the nature and
background of the problem area in general and the rationale for the plan.
The introductory section starts with broad general statements on the existing problem
situation and narrows it down progressively to a point where it is finally linked to the rationale
behind the plan formulation.
Vision
Use the LGU vision reflected in the CLUP.
Goals and Objectives
It is important to distinguish objectives from goals. The goal is a single overall statement of
your purpose. The objectives describe a series of tasks which, if completed, would enable the goal to
be met. The goal says why you are doing the things you are doing. Objectives tell us what you are
going to do to achieve that purpose.
Distinguishing Goal from Objective
GOAL

OBJECTIVE

Meaning

The purpose towards which an endeavor

is directed (why you are doing the things
you are doing?).

Something that ones efforts or actions intend to

attain or accomplish; target (what do you want to
accomplish?)

Broad, long-term aims geared towards

realization of VISION.

Specific, quantifiable, realistic targets that measure

the accomplishment of a goal over a specified
period of time.

Example

To eradicate prevalence of ISF colonies

throughout the country

To provide secure tenure to 50% of ISF living on

government land between 2013 and 2018.

Action

GENERIC ACTION or an outcome

towards which we strive

SPECIFIC ACTION. The objective supports the

attainment of the associated goal.

Measure

May not be strictly measurable or tangible

Must be measurable and tangible

Time frame

Longer term

Mid to short term.

Example
VISION
Silay City a modern, progressive, world-class city with a caring, family-oriented and peaceloving people who are proud of their cultural heritage, and enjoying a vibrant economy, a
sustainable environment, and access to adequate public services.
GOALS
To provide decent, affordable and disaster risk resilient and climate change adaptive shelter
that has adequate facilities towards formation of a livable and socially responsible residential
community.
To institutionalize the mechanism to implement the Silay City Shelter Plan and other related
programs, projects and activities.

Objectives
1. To develop 65 hectares of land for housing and resettlement beginning 2012 until 2020;
2. To reduce the doubled-up households by no less than 25 units annually between 2015 and 2020;
3. To reduce the displaced households by 233 units annually between 2012 and 2017;
4. To bring down the number of households needing land tenure upgrading by no less than 552
units annually from 2012-2020;
5. To upgrade existing roads or provide access roads to 814 households annually from 2012-2020;
6. To upgrade existing drainage system or provide drainage to 173 households annually from 2012
to 2018;
7. To provide access to power connection to 2,782 households annually from 2012 to 2017;
8. To upgrade / provide access to potable water to 80 households annually from 2012 to 2017;
9. To upgrade / provide sanitation facility to 377 households annually from 2012 to 2016;
10. To ensure proper garbage disposal of all households beginning 2012;
11. To encourage structural upgrading of dilapidated, condemned and houses needing major repair
starting 2011-2020; and

12. To facilitate access to employment and income generating activities of household-beneficiaries.

Target Population
Define the target population subject of the shelter plan (who, where, how many are they?
What are their circumstances?)
Pie charts may be used to enhance the presentation of data. Tables may also be used
showing frequencies and percentages
Target Population
The informal settlers are the primary beneficiary of the City Government shelter program.
These informal settlers include those who are occupying danger areas such as, but not limited to,
riverbanks, creeks, road-right-of-way, shorelines, waterways, rent-free occupant within private lands
with threats of being demolished or evicted by virtue of a court order, those occupying parks and
playgrounds, and government facilities.
As shown in Table 1, as of 2013, there is an estimated 88,309 informal settlers in Davao City.
Majority or 92 percent (81,149 households) needs relocation because they are either living in danger
areas, with court orders for demolition and eviction, living in parks and playgrounds, occupying
government facilities, or are in privately-owned properties. The remaining 8 per cent or 7,160 are
occupying lands that has a big possibility of being sold to them by the landowners.
However, of the 81,149 households that need relocation or are referred to as displaced, only
about 35.47% or 28,743 are targeted for relocation within the nine-year shelter plan. On the other hand,
all the 7,160 households that have the possibility of having the land sold to them will be targeted for
assistance. Added to this are the projected new households to be formed brought about by population
increase within the planned period.

Table 1. Number and Location of Informal Settlers, Davao City, 2013.

Displaced Households / Units
Location

Danger Areas
(RROW,
Riverbanks
Canal/Drainage,
Coastline/Shore
line
Garbage/
Landfill

Court
Order

Parks &
Playgrounds

Govt. Facilities

Private Prop.

For Tenurial
Upgrading

TOTAL

Sidewalks,
under the
Bridge)
No.
%
Dist.1
Poblacion
Talomo
Dist.2
Agdao
Buhangin
Bunawan
Paquibato
Dist.3
Baguio
Calinan
Marilog
Toril
Tugbok
TOTAL

No.

No.

42 71.19
4 6.78

182 90.10
16 7.92

No.

3,309
1,622

No.

No.

No.

29.29 2,710
14.36 15,898

8.05
47.20

623
3,489

8.70
48.73

14,181
32,341

16.06
36.62

0
1,827
565
0

0
25.52
7.89
0

4,999
19,528
6,566
504

5.66
22.11
7.44
0.57

0
1,363
0
178
0
557
0
1,661
9.16
6,431
100.00 88,309

1.54
0.20
0.63
1.88
7.28
100.00

7,315
11,312

20.37
31.51

2,607
5,576
4,019
504

7.26
15.53
11.19
1.40

1
2
0

1.69
3.39
0

0
0
0

0
0
0

189
2,223
997

1.67
19.68
8.82

2,202
9,900
985

6.54
29.39
2.92

241
0.67
172
0.48
557
1.55
1,545
4.30
2,062
5.74
35,910 100.00

0
6

605

5.36

517

1.53

0
4
100.00 202

1.98
100

1
2,351
11,297

4
0
59

111
20.81 1,358
100.00 33,681

0
0
0
0
4.04
656
100.00 7,160

Shelter Planning Process

In this portion, discuss the three sub-topics, namely: The Key Players Roles and
Responsibilities; The Process; and The Structure and Time Frame of the Shelter Plan.
Key players roles & responsibilities. Identify the key stakeholders who crafted the shelter
plan (i.e. LGUs, NGOs, POs, NGAs, and the business sector) and describe their relevant participation in
making the LSP.
Example:
Key players, their roles & responsibilities. The keys actors and their respective involvement or roles
in the crafting of the Local Shelter Plan are enumerated below:
a. Local Chief Executive (describe his roles in the crafting the LSP)
b.

Sangguniang Bayan

c.

Department Heads (describe their roles in the crafting the LSP)

Municipal Planning & Development Office
Municipal Engineering Office
Municipal Assessors Office
Municipal Social Welfare & Development Office

d.

HUDCC Region VI
The Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council (HUDCC) Region VI rendered the
necessary technical assistance through the conduct of a training workshop on the formulation of the Local Shelter
Plan.
e.

The housing agencies in Region VI

The housing agencies under the umbrella of HUDCC gave an extensive orientation on their various
programs and assistance that the LGU can avail. These are in the form of technical assistance, financing through
loans and also grants from the National Housing Authority, Pag-IBIG Fund, Social Housing Finance Corporation and
the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board.

The process. Identify and describe the processes involved in drafting the LSP, primarily the
UN Shelter Method. It is suggested to include in this part the Flow Chart of Activity prescribed by the
UN SHELTER Method. In the text, always refer to or mention the Figure No. when describing the
contents of the Flow Chart.

Example:
The Process. Figure 1 shows the shelter plan formulation process basically involves six main activities: data
gathering, situational analysis, goal and objectives formulation, generation of shelter strategies; preparation of
an implementation plan; and designing of monitoring and evaluation of scheme. A flow chart which includes the
other but equally important sub-activities to complete the whole process can be found in Figure 1.
The first main activity is Data Gathering. It involves retrieving documents and gathering information from
different agencies which will be the basis of computation or inputs for analysis.
The second main activity is undertaking a Situational Analysis which is a process of looking into the current
housing situation, e.g., housing need; housing-related problems of the locality; and the type of assistance the LGU can
extend. In this phase, an assessment of affordability and resources is done. This is a critical activity as the information
and outputs of this particular phase will be the basis for formulating the main strategies.
The third main activity is Goal and Objectives Formulation wherein the vision, goals, objectives or targets of
the local housing programs are set. This activity is an essential step in preparing local shelter plans because it provides
the planners and evaluators of the housing program with a clear perspective of the desired change and the processes
involved.
The fourth main activity is Generating Shelter Strategies. This is undertaken after the planner has been
informed on the shelter needs of the city/municipality and a conclusion has been arrived at after an analysis of
affordability and resource requirements has been done.
The fifth main activity is Developing the Implementation Plan. Whereas in formulating strategies the planner
answers the question: HOW CAN THE PROBLEM BE SOLVED? the implementation plan answers the question: WHAT
NEEDS TO BE DONE? by outlining the details involved in actually undertaking the strategy.
The sixth and last main activity is formulating the Monitoring and Evaluation System which will provide the
implementors immediate and relevant information to ensure effective and efficient delivery of shelter and shelter-related
services.

Note: The above example can be enhanced by localizing it in such as way that local initiatives and
processes in data gathering, needs assessment and other aspects are also presented.

The figure below can be inserted to illustrate the planning process.

Figure 1. Flow Chart of Activities

Structure and Timeframe of the Shelter Plan.

Structure - Identify and describe the body that will institutionalize and implement the plan
(SP or LHB to pass resolution adopting the LSP, LCE issues ordinance implementing the LSP
and/or creating the body or office to implement the plan).
Time frame - Define the general time frame for the realization of the shelter plan.
Example:
Structure and Timeframe of the Shelter Plan
Structure. The City Housing Board will recommend/recommended to the Sangguniang
Panlungsod the approval and adoption of the plan, as well as the creation of a housing office that will
implement the housing projects that will lead towards the realization of the LSP. These will be/were
translated by the Local Chief Executive into an ordinance / Ordinance No. _____.

Time Frame. The plan has a timeframe of nine (9) years, covering the period 2013 to 2021.
This is broken down into three Planning Periods, namely:
a.
b.
c.

First Planning Period covering 2013 to 2015

Second Planning Period covering 2016 to 2018
Third Planning Period covering 2019 to 2021

Chapter 2
CITY/MUNICIPALITY OVERVIEW
This section provides a general situationer of the local government unit (LGU) in terms of its
socio-economic, biophysical, institutional, and other important characteristics pertinent to shelter.
Geographic Location & Features
Location. Describe the bordering cities/municipalities and distance in reference to Metro Manila and/or
other pertinent cities/municipalities.

Example:
Location. Cagayan de Oro City (CdeO) is geographically located at the central coast of Northern Mindanao,
Philippines. It is bounded by Macajalar Bay on the north and the mountains of Bukidnon, Lanao del Norte to the
South, Municipality of Opol to the West and Municipality of Tagoloan to the East. The city lies between the latitude 814-00 to 8-31-5 North and longitude 124-27-00 and 129-49-00 East.
The Figure 2.1 below shows the location of Cagayan de Oro City. It is located along the central coast of Northern
Mindanao region, Island of Mindanao, the second largest island of the Archipelago of the Philippines.
Its distance from Metro Manila is 810 air kilometers. It can be reached within an hour and fifteen minutes by plane
and 36 hours by ship.
Figure 2.1 Map of the Philippines, Region 10, Misamis Oriental and Cagayan de Oro City

Source: NSCB

Land Area. Describe land area in terms of number of hectares, as well as number of barangays,
distinguishing between rural and urban areas.
Example
Land Area
Butuan has a claimed total land area of 81,728 hectares, 1. 70% (1389. 749 hectares) of which
covers the urban area, while 98. 29 % (80,338. 25 hectares) of land is for the rural area.
Based on the City Socio Economic and Demographic Profile the city has 86 barangays, 27
are urban and 59 are rural.
Climate
Example:
Climate
The coolest seasons in Butuan City occur on the months of December, January and February
(DJF) while the warm seasons happen on March, April, May (MAM) and extending up to June.
Based on the PAGASA-DOST records from 1971-2000, Agusan del Nortes (location of
Butuan) average monthly temperature from March November ranged from 27. 4 C to 27.8 C.
Cooler season occurring during DJF (December, January, February), is 1 degree less
compared to the warm periods. Its warmest temperature occurs during the months of June,

10

July and August (see Table 3).

Table 3 shows that historically temperatures in Butuan City from 1971-2000 and 1981-2010
have consistently increased. In December, January, February temperature increased by 0.2
degrees, June, July, August and September, October, November increased by 0.3 degrees
and March, April, May had a 0.4 degree increase.
Table 3. Observed Temperature in Butuan per Season
Observed Baseline (1971-2000)
Temperature
DJF
MAM
JJA
1981-2010
26. 4
28. 0
28. 1
Butuan data
1971-2000
Agusan del Norte
26. 2
27. 6
27. 8
(Butuans Location)
Source: PAGASA-DOST (2011)

SON
27. 7
27. 4

According to the UNVAA Report, The Climate Change projections that was used was the midrange emission scenario (A1B) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
The A1 scenarios considered rapid economic growth, global population that rose to 9 billion
then gradually declines quick spread of new and efficient technologies, and extensive social
and cultural interactions worldwide. The A1B has a balanced emphasis on all energy sources
both fossil fuels. PAGASA-DOST used two time slices for the analysis: (1) centered on 2020
(2006-2035) and (2) 2050 (2036-2065). The analysis of this V&AA report focused on the 2020
time slice.
Based on projections, 3 drivers will contribute to the climate changes in Butuan City:
increasing temperature, changes in seasonal rainfall, and increasing occurrences of extreme
events in 2020 and 2050.

Topography & Soil

11

Example:
Topography & Soil
Topography. Cagayan de Oro City is characterized by a narrow coastal plain along the Macajalar Bay and the
highlands are separated by a steep incline escarpment. The lowlands are relatively flat and its
elevation is not more than 10 meters above the main sea level. The highlands bound the City in the
south from east to west. They consist of plateaus, terraces, and gorges.
The map below shows the creeks and rivers traversing and draining to Macajalar Bay. There are seven rivers namely:
Cagayan River, Iponan River, Bigaan River, Cugman River, Umalag River, Agusan River, and Alae River. The more
prominent creeks are Binono-an, Bitan-ag, Indulong, Kolambog, Sapong, and Umalag.
Figure 2.4 Various Rivers and Creeks of Cagayan de Oro

Slope. About 13,587 hectares or 28% of the Citys total land area has a slope of between 0 and 8% that is considered
safe for most uses. Such areas are concentrated on the narrow coastal plain, the flood plain areas of the Cagayan de
Oro and Iponan Rivers, and the upland terraces. The remaining 72% has slopes that are greater than 8% and pose a
challenge to development.
Geology. Cagayan de Oro City is classified into three broad landforms: lowlands, level uplands, and hills/mountains.
Soil types. The soils of Cagayan de Oro City are predominantly clayey. Other soil structures are sand, sulfaquent,
loam, and clayey loam. Soils that are good for agricultural production are San Manuel Loam and Bantog Clay. The
Matina Clay and Umingon Clay Loam are of lesser quality for agricultural production. Other soil types which do not
have any agricultural value are hydrosol, beach sand and stony clay. They are suitable for urban or resort use.

Vulnerability to Multiple-hazards
Example 1:
Vulnerability to multiple hazards. Based on the City Social Welfare and Development (CSWD) report during
Tropical Storm (TS) Sendong, out of 80 barangays, there were 45 barangays affected by the hydro-meteorological
hazards.
A total of 20,088 families were affected by the said tropical storm. Of these, 6,977 were children, 19,021 women,

12

1,650 youth, 520 elderly, 268 adults and 99 children with disabilities.
At the onset of the event, 19,134 houses were damaged - 4,301 were totally washed out and 14,833 were partially
damaged. There were 46 classrooms, 143 daycare centers, four social welfare centers and six barangay health
centers were also damaged.
After TS Sendong, a city-wide assessment was conducted by the Estate Management Division (EMD) of the City
Planning Development Office (CPDO). The report reveals that as of the present, there are 24,813 households who
are susceptible to flooding and Rain Induced Landslide (RIL). This includes households living along the road, creeks
and drainage.
Furthermore, based on the VAA report, 29 barangays are susceptible to Rain Induced Landslide (RIL) (refer to Table
2.2 below).
Of these barangays, the Estate Management Division prioritized twelve (12) barangays that were highly susceptible
to RIL. These were barangays Balubal (Purok 1 & 7), Balulang (Balongis and Manggahan), Camaman-an (Ramonal
& Mahayag), Gusa (Quarry site), Indahag (Quarry site), Lumbia, Macasandig, Lapasan (Hillside), Mambuaya (Zone
5), Pagalungan (Batinay and Sitio Proper), Tignapolo-an (Kamang, Salimbal, Binagud, Lapog and Dungguan), and
Nazareth.
The table below shows that flooding and typhoon scored the highest threat level to the city. Hence, both flooding and
typhoon has greater vulnerability impact to the communities compared to the rest of the hazards mentioned below.
Table 2.2: Average Rating per Adaptive Capacity Dimension
Climate Change
Threat Level
Adaptive Capacity
Hazard
(5-highest)
(1-highest)
Flooding
4.8
2.23
Typhoon
4.25
1.8
Drought
2.4
2.55
RIL
2.2
2.2
Source: VAA Report

Relative Vulnerability Rating

(10-most vulnerable)
7.03
6.05
4.95
4.4

Figure 2.5: The Geo-hazard Map

In response to the hazards mentioned above, the following options/strategies are recommended:

13

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Relocate families living in high risk areas

Construction of affordable/decent and resilient houses
Upgrading of blighted areas
Land banking
Construction of flood control dikes
Construction of access road
Construction of adequate drainage system
Adaption of climate resilient and green building technology
Construction of multi-story building
Delineation of No Build Zone Areas

Example 2:
Vulnerability to Multiple Hazards
Davao City, as well as many other areas throughout the world, is experiencing the adverse impacts of climate change
that increases its vulnerability to multiple hazards. Although not all hazards are due to climate change, much of those are caused
by it. To gauge the citys vulnerability and adaptive capacity, a Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment
(CCVAA) was undertaken in Davao City in line with the UN Habitats programme called the Philippine Cities Climate Change
Initiatives (PCCCI).
The CCVAA used by Davao City focused on defining the citys vulnerability through analysis of its adaptive capacities,
sensitivity, and exposure to climate change and its impacts. The assessment was carried out by the Technical Working Group, the
core being composed of the City Planning and Development Office, DRRMC, CEO, CENRO,CSSDO, City Agriculturist Office,
CHO, DCIPC and City DILG in coordination with the regional line agencies such as NEDA, DENR, DPWH, HUDCC, HLURB, and
also the civil society organizations, barangay leaders & academe under the technical guidance of UN-Habitat.
Aside from the exposure to climate change, the vulnerability of Davao City was also defined by its socio-economic
condition. The sensitivity assessment was conducted by analysing the five development sectors, which are: (a) Social, (b)
Economic, (c) Environment, (d) Infrastructure, and (e) Land Use. In the Shelter Plan, only the Social Sector will be discussed as
settlements and the ISFs in danger areas are embodied in this sector.
The Social Sector Sensitivity map highlights the six hot spot barangays (see Fig. 3). They were generally located along
the riverbank/coastal areas and almost the entire population are at risk of flooding. In 2011, they were greatly hit by flashflood.
Majority of the population of barangays Tigatto, Matina Crossing , and Matina Pangi were greatly affected, at 82%, 76% and 56%
of the population respectively, while portion of the population were likewise affected in barangays Talomo (34%), Ma-a (28%) and
Bucana (26%). A number of day care centers and public and secondary schools are at risk of flooding, with Barangay Bucana as
having the biggest with 23 day care centers, six schools and five health centers.
Fig. 3. Social Sector Sensitivity Map, Davao City

14

Table 6 shows the sensitivity drivers or stressors for flooding, monsoons waves, rain-induced landslides (RIL) and sea
level rise (SLR) in Davao City. For the Social and Economic Sectors, among the sensitivity drivers identified that greatly affect the
number of households needing shelter intervention, particularly relocation, are: clogged drainage; many settlements are located in
low-lying areas or along or near waterways and the coastlines, houses made of light materials, improper disposal of solid wastes,
and illegal structures mostly located along danger areas such as creeks and coastal areas..
Table 6. Sensitivity Drivers/Stressors, Davao City

Given the climate drivers identified in the CCVAA, Davao City is exposed to at least six major climate change hazards
namely: (a) flooding; (b) drought; (c) rain-induced landslide; (d) strong wind; (e) sea level rise; (f) monsoon waves.
Table 7 shows that the City-wide Perceived Threat Level of Davao for all sectors is 3.38, with the Land Use Sector
having the highest threat level at 3.80 and the Social Sector having the lowest at 3.00. Based on the Score Guide (see Table 9),
the threat level 3 for social, where housing/shelter is included, is medium.

15

Table 7. Perceived Threat Level, Davao City

Table 8 shows that the Perceived Level of Adaptive Capacity of Davao City for all sectors is 3.04, with still the Land Use
Sector having the lowest adaptive capacity level at 3.30 and the economic sector with the highest adaptive capacity at only 2.10.
The Social Sectors adaptive capacity is 2.4. Based on the Score Guide (see Table 9), the adaptive capacity of Davao Citys
Social Sector is medium-high.
Table 8. Perceived Level of Adaptive Capacity, Davao City

Table 9. Score Guide for Assessment of Threat Level and Adaptive Capacity

16

Table 10 reveals that based on the cross-sectoral analysis, flooding scored the highest threat level to the City followed
by sea level rise. This rating is determined not only from the level or scope of exposure to the climate change driver or hazard but
the degree to which it can adversely impact the communities. Hence, the more dense settlements with higher risks of being
flooded and affected by sea level rise, as aggravated by negative and unsustainable practices of the people, are considered the
hotspot areas.
Table 10. Relative Vulnerability of Davao City to Multiple Hazards.

Geologic.
Earthquake-induced hazards (seismicity, liquefaction) Liquefaction is a geohazard that results from
seismicity/earthquake and defined as the granular material in solid state, which behaves and deforms like a liquid as a
consequence of increased pore-water pressure due to earthquake shaking. Generally, areas belonging to the fluvial landforms are
the most susceptible to liquefaction being overlain by alluvial deposits wherein the four conditions mentioned above could be
present
Volcanism Mts. Sibulan, Talomo and Apo are a volcanic complex. The Sibulan-Talomo volcanic complex was previously
classified as non-active cones, therefore preparation of a volcanic hazard map at this time is not necessary. Although Philvolcs
consider Mt. Apo as potentially active, this has to be further studied.

Note: The above tables are elaborately explained by accompanying text. Mention also other hazards
brought about by climate change, such as drought, sea level rise, etc., if applicable.

Urban Development Trends

The following should be discussed in this section:
Population Size and Structure

Total population, household population, population distribution by age & sex; growth rate,
average household size, household per dwelling unit, population density, others.

17

Population Size and Structure. Table 11 shows that the estimated total household population in 2010 is 1,443,890
and is distributed as follows: working age group (64.91 per cent), dependent young population (31.42 per cent), and dependent
old population (3.67 per cent). Labor force accounted for 68.58 per cent while school age population shared 39.48 per cent of
the total household population.
Table 11. Household Population by Age Group and Sex, 2010, Davao City
Age Group
Both Sexes
Male
No.
%
No.
Working Age (15-64)
937,212
64.91
464,077
Dependent Population
o Young (0-14)
453,686
31.42
233,769
o Old (65 and over)
52,992
3.67
23,507
Total
1,443,890
100.00
721,353

%
32.14
51.53
44.36
100.00

Female
No.
%
473,135
32.77
219,917
29,485
722,537

48.47
55.64
100.00

Sex
Ratio
1.02
1.06
1.25

Table 12 and Figure 6 reveal that among the school going population age group, elementary made up 30.46 per cent,
followed by tertiary (27.29 per cent), pre-school (22.05 per cent) while the least populated was the secondary age group (20.19
per cent).
Table 12. School Age Population by Age Group and Sex, 2010, Davao City
School-Going Population
Both Sexes
Male
No.
%
No.
Pre-school (3-6)
125,712
22.05
65,212
Elementary (7-12)
173,647
30.46
89,483
Secondary (13-16)
115,067
20.19
56,587
Tertiary (17-21)
155,572
27.29
74,277
Total
569,998
100.00
285,559

%
22.83
31.34
19.82
26.01
100.00

Female
No.
%
60,500
21.27
84,164
29.59
58,480
20.56
81,295
28.58
284,439
100.00

Sex
Ratio
1.07
1.06
1.04
1.10
1.00

In 2010, for every 100 persons, there were 35 dependents (31 young and four old people). This is significantly lower
than the overall dependency ratio of 56 dependents (50 young and six old people) posted in 2007.
As to sex distribution, Tables 11 and 12 show that there was an almost equal share between the male and female
population in Davao City belonging to the working age bracket. Males in school going population and among the young
dependents slightly outnumbered the female population while there were more female old dependents than male old
dependents.
Figure 6. Distribution of Household Population by Age Group, Davao City, 2010

18

Household population in urban barangays. Approximately four-fifths of the household population in Davao City were
located in the urban barangays. Among the urban barangays in the three congressional districts, Districts I and II accounted for
46.19 percent and 40.39per cent of the urban barangays household population, respectively. The balance was located in District
III. Average household size in the urban barangays in these congressional districts was 4.2 individuals.
Household population in rural barangays. Among the rural barangays in the three (3) congressional districts, threefourths of the household population was in District III, while around 21.44 per cent were in District II and the remaining
population were in the rural barangays in District I. Among these rural barangays, the average household size was estimated at
4.5 individuals (see Table 13). For population Per District and Per Barangay, please refer to Annex 2.
Table 13. Household Population by Urban and Rural Barangay and Average Household Size 2010
A. Urban Barangays
Household
Number of
Average
Population
Household
HouseholdSize
TOTAL
1,145,963
267,837
4.2
District l
529,375 462,949
126,262
4.1
District ll
153,639
106,444 35,131
4.3
4.3
District lll
B. Rural Barangays
TOTAL
297,927
66,636
4.5
District l
District ll
District lll
Davao City

6,480

1,436

4.5

63,890
227,557
1,443,890

13,925
51,275
334,473

4.5
4.4
4.3

19

Source: National Statistics Office (NSO)

Note: Other modes of presentation of population data can be done based on any aspect
of population structure. Inject analysis of data linking population to urbanization and
housing problems.
Migration Trend

(For LGUs affected by in or out migration)

What is Human Migration?

Migration (human) is the movement of people from one place in the world to another for the purpose of
taking up permanent or semipermanent residence, usually across a political boundary. An example of
"semipermanent residence" would be the seasonal movements of migrant farm laborers. People can either choose
to move ("voluntary migration") or be forced to move ("involuntary migration").
Migration occurs at a variety of scales: intercontinental (between continents), intracontinental (between
countries on a given continent), and interregional (within countries). One of the most significant migration patterns
has been rural to urban migrationthe movement of people from the countryside to cities in search of
opportunities.

Types of Migration
Internal Migration: Moving to a new home within a state, country, or continent.
External Migration: Moving to a new home in a different state, country, or continent.
Emigration: Leaving one country to move to another (e.g., the Pilgrims emigrated from England).
Immigration: Moving into a new country (e.g., the Pilgrims immigrated to America).
Population Transfer: When a government forces a large group of people out of a region, usually based
on ethnicity or religion. This is also known as an involuntary or forced migration.
Impelled Migration (also called "reluctant" or "imposed" migration): Individuals are not forced out of their
country, but leave because of unfavorable situations such as warfare, political problems, or religious
persecution.
Step Migration: A series of shorter, less extreme migrations from a person's place of origin to final
destinationsuch as moving from a farm, to a village, to a town, and finally to a city.
Chain Migration: A series of migrations within a family or defined group of people.
A chain migration often begins with one family member who sends money to bring other family members
to the new location. Chain migration results in migration fieldsthe clustering of people from a specific region
into certain neighborhoods or small towns.

Source: Human Migration Guide (6-8) Page 2 of 5 www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions 2005 National

Geographic Society.

Example 1.
Net Migration. The citys pace of net migration reflected an erratic trend that followed the rise and
fall of the citys socio-economic standing during the period. A negative net migration is attained when

20

the number of people going out of the city (out-migration) exceeds the number of people coming to
live in the city (in-migration).
Butuan City registered out-migration following the slowdown of the logging business in the years
1970-1975 and again in 1900-2001. It experienced in-migration with the coming in of new industries
in the years 1975-1990 and again when the city started to reap the gains of being the regional center
of CARAGA.
Example 2.
Davao City, as of 2011, is home to 1,530,365 people making it the countrys largest city
outside of Metro Manila. The increase of population was largely the result of migration. People from
other regions choose Davao City because it offers many opportunities as the hub of government,
business and industry in Mindanao.
Like any other urban centers in the country, the city continues to face threats to its peace
and security from common criminality, insurgency and in more recent years, terrorism which are in
most cases, instigated by foreign-based groups. However, the city is able to counter or minimize
these threats by having in place safety nets such as increased police visibility with 12 Police Stations,
25Police Outposts/ COMPAC (Community Public Assistance Center), and three Operating Units
namely; Public Safety Command Unit, Mobile Patrol Group, and Traffic Group. It has also one Fire
District, a major component of the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) with 11sub-station strategically
spread-out in the three Congressional Districts. Davao City has also its Public Safety Command
Center (PSCC) which serves as a Traffic Monitoring Center equipped with the most advanced and
state-of-the-art traffic monitoring facilities that boosts the citys security surveillance. The citys
Communication and Emergency Response Center or Central 911 serves as a place for a centralized
control forall the emergency calls in the city concerning law enforcement, fire and medical emergency,
search and rescue, and K9 unit. Three satellite stations were also constructed at Sasa, Calinan and
Toril to serve the citizens residing in far-flung barangays who are needing emergency response. All
these make Davao City a relatively safe place to settle, thereby increasing its attraction to other
would-be migrants.
With the influx of foreign and domestic business investors, more than 200 of the countrys
top companies operate in the city as per DTI information. Construction of a number of high-rise
buildings has been observed. This attracted a lot of people seeking employment to migrate to Davao
to work in these business establishments and construction.
The peoples interest to have more access to employment, housing, education and facilities
propels population growth in Davao City. Growth centers are established in the major Districts of the
city which is one of the factors that attract the people from rural areas to move towards the urban
centers.

Income and Poverty Incidence

Discussion should dwell on sources of income, labor and employment, and poverty situation.

21

Example.
2.2.1 Income and Poverty Incidence
The survey conducted on Family Income and Expenditure in year 2000 covering 51,969 households in
Butuan City showed an average annual family income of Php 111,349 or an average monthly income of
Php 9,279. Figure 8 shows that the average monthly income of Butuan is lower than the national
average monthly family income of Php 12,003, however, it is higher than Caraga Region13 average
monthly income of Php 6,793.

Figure 8. Comparison of wages and salaries

Wages and salaries as well as entrepreneurial activities were the main sources of income of
workers. About 87.6% of wages and salaries came from non-agricultural sources. On the part of
entrepreneurial activities, much of its income sources (51.5%) also came from the non-agricultural
actives.
A high percentage of Butuan Citys residents are poor because they are not earning enough
income to provide household members the necessities for a decent living. The current dynamics
of the citys economy simply doesnt allow them to have an ample take.
The citys poor now stands at 26. 70%, a little better than the national rate of 27. 6 but too high if
ranged against the benchmark of within 7-10 percent for highly urbanized cities. It is also behind
the target supported by the United Nations to reduce the poverty incidence to within 15% by 2015.
That poverty incidence is equivalent to 17,159 of the citys 64,266 households not earning the
monthly poverty threshold income of Php7,821 per month or Php 93,852 a year.
Such high poverty incidence level prevails despite the reported low unemployment rate of 4.3%, a
great improvement from 14% in 2007 and 11% in 2010. The underemployment rate of 21% has
pulled the employment situation down. This means an effective unemployment rate of 25.3%.

Existing and Proposed Land Use

Land use classification includes agricultural, industrial, commercial, residential, recreation
areas, critical/ conservation areas, undevelopable areas/ danger areas, others.

22

Example 1.
Existing Land Uses
Discussed under this portion are the Land Uses and the Water Uses of areas within the City of Davao.
Table 14 presents the various land use categories with their corresponding areas in hectares and percentage to
total land area of the city as of 2011. It shows that grassland/pasture lands occupy almost half of the citys land
area having covered about 47%. This is followed by Agriculture (29%), forest and forest use categories
(16.365), and residential area, which is only 3.44% of the land area.
Table 14. Land Use, Davao City, 2011
Land Use Categories
Urban Use Areas
Residential
Commercial
Infrastructure/Utilities
Institutional
Parks/Playgrounds and other recreational
spaces
Industrial
Planned Unit Development
Open Space
Agriculture
Forest and forest use categories
Mining/Quarrying
Grassland/Pasture
Agro-industrial
Tourism
Special Use
Water Uses (Fishponds / Mangroves)
Fishpond (Inland water use)
Mangrove forests
TOTAL
Water Use (Marine Protected Area)

Area (in
hectares)

Percent to Total

8,382.38
1,583.32
208.62
629.03

3.44%
0.65%
0.09%
0.26%

61.70

0.02%

853.02
76.86
1,258.80
73,086.05
39,916.94
157.14
116,832.08
168.00
200.08
342.09

0.35%
0.03%
0.52%
29.95%
16.36%
0.06%
47.88%
0.07%
0.08%
0.14%

209.98
33.91
244,000.00
415.00

0.09%
0.01%
100.00%

a. Land Use
Residential Use. Residential areas make up 3.44% or 8,382 hectares of the citys total area. Highdensity residential area is concentrated in the CBD and urban centers where real estate values are relatively
high and the land utilization is maximized. Within and surrounding the CBD are low density subdivisions that
still have a considerable area for development such as Juna Subdivision, Insular Village, Ladislawa Village
among others. Midrise residential buildings have been constructed in the past ten years particularly in the
vicinities of Ecoland Subdivision, City Ha and in the Buhangin Area.
The development of residential areas in the Central Business District have spilled over to the adjacent
districts of Talomo and Toril on the south, and Buhangin to Agdao on the north. The barangay with the biggest
residential area is Talomo. However, settlements in the outlying barangays of the city remains marginal
accounting for only 243 hectares or roughly 0.10 % of the total land area of the city.
Issues that affect the residential zones include the intrusion of commercial and industrial uses. This

23

generates complaints from the residents as it affects the tranquil environment of the subdivisions. The nondevelopment of subdivision lots prevails as land banking and speculation from the private owners continue.
This limits the available lands as well as distorts its market values which contribute to the escalating price of
lands for residential use. With the limited affordable residential lots, many households from the lower income
groups have resorted to informal settling or building their houses along buffer zones of rivers and shorelines.
This exposes them to hazards brought about by flood and storm surges.
Various residential areas particularly along the major water systems of the city have been affected by
flash floods damaging property and claiming lives. Many informal settlers living along these waterways have
seen their houses washed away by the strong currents whenever riverbanks overflow.
Commercial Use. The area occupied for commercial use is 0.65% or 1,583.32 hectares of the total
land area of the city. The Central Business District is the center of commerce and trade, with commercial
structures built along major roads and highways indicating a ribbon type developmental pattern. The
commercial establishments vary from generally small, to medium and large commercial complexes. In the past
ten years, the expansion of the commercial establishments in the areas of Matina, Lanang and Buhangin was
largely due to the construction of malls. The introduction of two latest malls, the Abreeza and the SM Lanang
Premier, points to the growing middle class of the city as these malls target middle to high income groups as
their main clients.
Many of the residences in the Central Business District are increasingly improved into mixed use:
residential building also provide commercial space to take advantage of their prime location.
Commercial development has been concentrated along major roads of the city. However, without
proper mitigating measures, these have created pockets of traffic congestion during peak hours. The
development of commercial zones along the Diversion Road could increase the likelihood of road accidents
since mitigation measures like pedestrian walks and barriers have not been installed in the area. To mitigate
the conflicting uses of residential and commercial activities particularly in tourism related activities, the city has
enacted an anti- nuisance ordinance that seeks to prevent the intrusion of commercial activities especially
noise pollution beyond their property lines.
Industrial Use. Industrial use reached 853 hectares or 0.35 percent of its total land area for various
industries. There are 2,420 small to large scale industries of which 44.05% are in Congressional District 1 while
36.16% are in District II and another 19.79% are in District III. Many large scale industries are along the
coastal areas of Pampanga, Sasa, Panacan, Tibungco and Bunawan. Industrial utilization in some parts of
Malagamot, Panacan have encroached portions of agricultural areas. This is because of favorable
infrastructures in the area such as good roads, presence of utilities like three phase electric power which is one
of the basic requirements for industries. Some industrial-allocated areas do not have the desired infrastructure
and utilities needed for industries.
The pace of the utilization of industrial lands has been surpassed by the rapid population growth,
necessitating the rezoning of many industrial areas for other uses, most of it for residential purposes. Pockets
of housing projects were established within the industrial zone. This situation could create possible conflicts in
the future. The disposal of industrial wastes remains a problem. Issues on the dumping of untreated wastes
into the rivers and other water bodies are often raised by communities surrounding these manufacturing plants.
Institutional Use. Institutional areas comprise 629 hectares or 0.26 percent of the citys total land
area. The existing institutions include government structures, churches/mosques, hospitals and schools. City
regional government offices are found mostly in the Poblacion and in the major urban centers of the city. Most
of the major educational institutions, religious buildings, and military reservations are found in these areas as
well. Included in this category are special institutional uses which are intended for orphanage, home for the
aged, rehabilitation center, city jail and mental hospital located in the urban areas of the city.
Expansion of institutional areas remains a problem in the CBD owing to the limited size of lots.

24

However, vertical development is now being practiced to maximize the utilization of these lands.
Parks and Recreation. Parks and recreation occupy 61.73 hectares or 0.03 % of the citys total land
area. These include the Quezon Park in front of the City Hall Building; the nearby Rizal Park and Osmea Park
in the vicinity of the Sangguniang Panlungsod Building; the Freedom Park in front of the Ateneo de Davao
University; and the famous Magsaysay Park. Pocket parks are also found in some areas of the Central
Business District. The latest addition is the Peoples Park along Palma Gil Street. It is the city's biggest park
attraction where thousands of people flock daily.
There are still a number of undeveloped sites which are classified as city-owned parks. These areas
lie idle and awaiting for funds to develop its needed infrastructures and facilities. Among these are those in Toril
and Calinan. The private sector for its part has developed recreational facilities that incorporate the park
concept in its development.
Infrastructure and Utilities. Areas used for infrastructure and utilities make up 209 hectares or 0.09
percent of the citys total land area. These include the Davao City Overland Transport Terminal, Davao City
International Airport, Sta. Ana Wharf, Sasa Wharf, Daliao Fish Port and other privately-owned sea ports and
piers. This also includes other utilities such as power substations, water system/reservoirs and Information
communication technologies/cellsites. The road network, totaling 7,901 hectares, is already included in the
area computed for the various land uses it traverses.
Agriculture Use. Davao Citys total developed agricultural land area is 73,086 hectares or 29.95
percent of the citys total land area. Sectoral studies show that out of these developed agricultural lands,
44,748.23 hectares are production area for crops, excluding plantations. The potential area for agricultural use
could actually be greater than the present figure as shrublands and grasslands are potential for agricultural use
especially for fruit crops. These are most extensive in the districts of Marilog and Paquibato. About 210
hectares are developed fishponds located mainly in Tugbok and partly in Toril and Bunawan.
Forest. Forest areas are those covered with woody type of vegetation whether natural or planted
forest. This covers about 39,917 hectares or 16.36 percent of the citys total land area. Natural forest is most
extensive in Baguio, Marilog and Paquibato.
Agro-Industrial. These areas occupy 168 hectares located in barangays Sirawan, and Binugao, The
dominant use in these areas are modern livestock farming with related facilities and amenities.
The city exports meat products to other regions. The industrial farms generate wastes that can be
harmful to the environment if not properly disposed of. In the past years, some large farm operators have
installed biogas systems to generate gas for fuel for cooling and power. This has greatly reduced the amount
of odors and wastes from farms. With such technology, the hazards and pollution produced by such activities
will be reduced and allows more compatibility with other land uses like residential area.
Grassland/Pasture. There are 116,832.08 hectares or 47.88 percent of the total land area identified
as grassland and shrubland. A computed area of 17,209 hectares is considered pasture land as derived using
the standard of one hectare per one cattle/carabao. Grassland however, can offer potential for agriculture use
which are most extensive in the districts of Marilog and Paquibato.
Planned Unit Development (PUD). Planned Unit Development comprised of 77 hectares. These are
the existing development of Rancho Palos Verdes which covers portion of barangays Indangan and Mandug in
Buhangin District, a residential subdivision with a golf course. Another existing PUD is the Riverfront located in
Barangay Ma-a, which comprises residential, institutional, commercial, open space and tourism-related
facilities. Some of the PUD areas that were classified in 1996 have not yet been developed.
Open space. Open space or undeveloped areas totaled to 1,258.80 hectares or 0.52 per cent of the
citys total land area. At the back of SM Premier or portion of the former Lanang Country Club as well as
properties near the Davao City Water District in Bajada are among these areas.

25

Special Use. Special use areas comprise 342.09 hectares of land area. This is the Sanitary Landfill,
existing cemeteries and golf course.
Special use activities have often been put in the limelight especially those concerning cemeteries
because of their proposed location. It is feared that these will contaminate the groundwater supply of the city.
There should be an area allotted for uses that deal with the urban wastes. The site of the current sanitary
landfill can be expanded to accommodate similar activities.
Tourism Development. The city has a total of 200 hectares developed for tourism activities. These
are tourism-related facilities such as various inland resorts located in the different parts of the city. The Eden
Nature Park, Malagos Gardens and the Crocodile Park are some examples of private parks where people can
enjoy leisure activities.
Tourism development zones in the Toril District were identified in a 1996 zoning ordinance. A master
plan has been made that includes the proposed land uses within the tourism development zone but these plans
have not yet taken off.
Quarrying. The quarrying sites of the city totaled to 157.14 hectares or 0.06 percent of the entire
land area. A greater portion of these sites produce limestone which can be found in Bunawan District.
b. Water Uses
Mangrove. Areas planted with mangroves cover 33.78 hectares located in coastal areas of
barangays Bucana, Punta Dumalag, Matina Aplaya, Lasang, Tibungco, and Talomo. The proliferation of
informal settlements along the shoreline has affected the efforts to reestablish mangrove forests in the city.
Marine Protected Area. The Marine Protected Area totals to 415 hectares and this includes three
areas particularly in the coastal waters off the following barangays: Bunawan, Centro and Matina Aplaya.. This
area is a combination of mangrove-habitat management and fish sanctuary in order to conserve and sustain
their biological importance for foraging, spawning, mating and growth of rare, threatened, endangered, and
ecologically and economicallysignificant species.
Fish Pond. Inland water use refers to the existing fish ponds and bodies of water which includes
rivers and streams consisting to about 210 hectares. These fish ponds are located at Los Amigos, Tugbok, and
at the different coastal areas in the city, namely: Lasang, Bunawan, Dumoy, Lizada and Binugao.

Maps can be used to improve your report. Maps, charts and pictures are labeled as
Figure.
Note: Always discuss what the figures are representing or showing in terms of importance (ex. from
biggest land classification coverage to the least area covered, most relevant to least relevant).
Example 2.
Table 5. URBAN LAND USE

26

LAND USE
CATEGORY
RESIDENTIAL
COMMERCIAL
INSTITUTIONAL
INDUSTRIAL
PARKS AND OPEN
SPACE
AGRICULTURAL
CEMETERY
BUFFERSTRIP
TERMINAL
ROADS AND
BRIDGES
RIVERS AND
CREEKS
TOTAL

EXISTING
(Hectares)

%
to total area

PROPOSED
(Hectares)

%
to total area

Increase/
Decrease

18.1150
2.1650
3.4500
0.0800
1.2700

1.46
0.17
0.28
0.01
0.10

28.2440
17.5500
3.4500
0.1200
1.2700

2.28
1.41
0.28
0.01
0.10

10.13
15.39
0.04
-

1,105.5770
2.2000
83.7000

89.09
0.18
6.74

1,058.0880
2.2000
20.8850
1.0500
83.7000

85.26
0.18
1.68
0.08
6.74

(47.49)
20.89
1.05
-

24.4430

1.97

24.4430

1.97

1,241.0000

100.00

1,241.0000

This table should be explained elaborately.

Example
Existing And Proposed Infrastructure
Roads and bridges. Cagayan de Oro City has a total road length of 630.8081 kilometers categorized into: Earth
(17.8254km), Gravel (313.021km), Asphalt (34.5617km), and Concrete (265.40km).
There are 17 existing bridges along the National and City roads of the city which include three steel bridges and
fourteen concrete bridges. There are other 21 bridges along barangay roads with six bridges made of steel while the
rest are either spillway or bailey. The bridges along the primary and secondary roads are generally in good condition
while those located in hinterland barangays need maintenance and rehabilitation.
Transportation. The City is a major public transport center. Several bus companies provide Land transportation
services with routes plying to and from Bukidnon, Davao, Butuan, Iligan, Zamboanga, and Manila. Other services are
facilitated by cargo trucks, vans, and several types of light vehicles for hire that serve the entire island of Mindanao.
Power. Power supply and distribution is critical for its major role as commercial and banking center. The city is built
by the river that flows in the middle of the city business center. Currently, there are two power distribution utilities that
serve the city namely, Cagayan de Oro Electric Power and Light Company (CEPALCO) and Misamis Oriental Rural
Electric Service Cooperative (MORESCO 1). CEPALCO serves 103,074 households or 75% of the total 137,465
households population of its service coverage area while MORESCO I serves the sixteen barangays in the west of
urban center with 8,129 households.
Water. Water supply in the city is mainly extracted from groundwater reservoirs and is being managed and distributed
by Cagayan de Oro Water District (COWD). The COWD sources of water included the following: 1) one Malasag
Spring, 2) 27 production wells, and 3) reservoirs.
Communications. Sophisticated services give the City its modern character.
growth as service providers increase.

Internet has experienced significant

The existing communication facilities in CdeO are postal service, seven telephone service providers, three cellular
mobile telephone service providers, four telephone long distance exchange (international exchange carrier), nine
Broadband Networks, one Trunked Radio Station, seven Internet Service Providers (registered), seven TV Stations,
three Cable TV Providers, five AM Broadcast Stations, and fifteen FM Broadcast Stations.

27

Waste management. Cagayan de Oro Citys 17-hectare landfill located in Upper Dagong, Carmen is 3.7 kilometers
away from downtown with an average travel time of 16 minutes from the Poblacion. It has a capacity of
approximately 1.9 million cubic meters and is expected to be adequate for 12 to 20 years of use starting 1997.
The location map of the existing landfill and the proposed sanitary landfill is shown in Figure 2.10.

Figure 2.10 The Location Map of the Sanitary Landfill

Volume of waste collected and dumped at the existing landfill averaged at approximately 700 cubic meters per day based on the
data of garbage collected and disposed at the landfill in 2011.
Seaports. Port of Cagayan de Oro in Macabalan area is located near the estuary of Cagayan River. It has an anchorage depth
of 18 meters and is around 400 meters from the shoreline. It has two authorized cargo-handling companies.
The City has one government base port and six private ports, namely: 1. Baseport (government), Macabalan; 2. Cagayan de Oro
Oil Mill, Tablon; 3. Cagayan Corn Products Corp., Tablon; 4. Del Monte Phils. Inc., Bugo; 5. General Milling Corporation, Tablon;
6. MITIMCO Mindanao Timber Company, Baloy and 7. Carlos A Gothong Inc., Baloy. With its strategic location and with the
numerous seaports along its extensive coast, the City has sustained its role as the principal distribution center for the adjacent
provinces of Misamis Oriental.
Air transportation. Laguindingan Airport is approximately 40 kilometers from the city.

28

Table 2.7 Schedule of Flights of Laguindingan Airport, 2013

Sun
Mon
Tue
PAL (Mla-CdeO-Mla)
5
5
5

Wed
5

Thu
5

Fri
5

Sat
5

CEBU PACIFIC (Mla-CdeO-Mla)

CEBU PACIFIC (Cebu-CdeO-Cebu)

PAL EXPRESS
(Cebu-CdeO-Cebu)

ZEST AIRWAYS
(Cebu-CdeO-Cebu)
Source: CAAP (Temporary Schedule)

These are the following proposed infrastructure programs and projects of the city:
1. Construction of flood control dikes.
9. Adaption of climate resilient and green
2.
Construction of wastewater treatment facility.
building technology.
3.
Construction of new access road.
10. Installation of additional transmission lines.
4.
Retrofitting of roads and bridges and other infra
11.
Promotion of rain harvesting facility for
facilities.
commercial establishment and residential
5.
Rehabilitation and maintenance of roads.
buildings.
a. Widening of road to ease access.
12.
Construction of multi-story building.
b. Concreting of roads.
13.
Delineation of No Build Zone Areas.
c. Asphalt overlaying of roads.
14.
Intensification of the cities land banking
6.
Establishment of bicycle lane and rack.
program.
7.
Shifting to less power consuming technology
15. Relocation of informal settlers from canals
(conversion of sodium/CFL lights to LED).
and creeks.
8.
Construction of adequate drainage system.

Organizations, Institutions and Governance

This section should discuss the capabilities of the key stakeholders that are present in the
city/municipality such as the following:

LGU (the owner or implementor of the plan) what mechanisms are in place to attend
to housing concerns? Is there a local housing board, a local housing office, or a similar
body? What is its composition, functions and capacity?
the key housing agencies and other national government agencies involved in the
delivery of housing and its related services are these agencies programs and
assistance accessible to the LGU?
the service providers of power, water, and other basic services are these agencies
programs and assistance accessible and responsive to the needs of the LGU?
the private sector such as the developers and the private financing institutions does
this sector have any projects in the locality? Has the LGU accessed/ engaged their
services?
NGOs such as the Gawad Kalinga, Habitat for Humanity and other similar organizations
- Has the LGU accessed/ engaged their services ?

29

the urban poor sector and middle income groups who are the target clientele of the plan
Are they organized? What is the level of their willingness to pay for housing services?

Organizations, Institutions and Governance. Confronted with the daunting problems of a city housing and
relocation program, the present administration embarked on a Resettlement Agenda that initially covers the
following:

Sendong victims relocation sites;

Informal and vulnerable settlers; and
Piso-piso beneficiaries
Underprivileged families affected by the implementation of government infrastructure projects.

The Cagayan de Oro City Resettlement Program is one of the priority projects of the new administration as stated
in the eight point agenda. Thus the following are identified to play a major role in housing.
Shelter and Housing Development Multi-Sectoral Task Force. The Task Force was created by virtue of
Executive Order No. 020-13 An Order Creating the Shelter and Housing Development Multi-Sectoral Task Force.
The team is tasked to address the challenges confronting the Citys housing and resettlement programs. It is also
tasked to evaluate the inherited program and projects, formulate a comprehensive housing and urban
development master plan, and engage the widest possible participation of local and national governments, foreign
governments and international organizations, private and civil society stakeholders.
Cagayan de Oro Housing Board. The CdeOHB was reorganized by Executive Order No. 039-13. The Boards
composition is mostly coming from the private sector to ensure the widest possible participation of the different
sectors of the community and civil society organizations. The Board shall, among others, formulate, develop,
implement and monitor policies on the provision for housing and resettlement areas, and on the observance of the
right of the underprivileged and homeless to just and humane eviction and demolition.
Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council (HUDCC). HUDCC has been giving assistance to the
Local Government Unit (LGU) particularly in the preparation of this plan, and also in updating the LGU regarding
housing related policies, guidelines and programs. Organizations such as National Housing Authority (NHA),
Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB), Socialized Housing Finance Corporation (SHFC) and Home
Development Mutual Fund (HDMF) are also extending financial and technical assistance to the CdeO.
Specifically, CdeO has been a recipient of the Resettlement Assistance Program of NHA, Localized Community
Mortgage Program of SHFC and HLURB in the implementation of the 20% Balanced Housing. The Presidential
Commission for the Urban Poor (PCUP) has been playing a role in the housing strategies of the LGU for the
Informal Settlers Families (ISF). It undertakes the following activities on social preparation:

Social Preparation:
a. Consultation
b. Information, Education and Communication
c. Multi-Sectoral Dialogue
d. Advocacy or peoples participation
e. Coordination
Human Development and Basic Services
Employment and Livelihood
Monitoring of Demolition and Eviction
Policy Formulation/Recommendation and Advocacy
Accreditation of Urban Poor Organizations (UPOs)
Capacity Building and
Various Consultations
Various Stakeholders. The partners supporting the various housing concerns in the city are Gawad Kalinga,
Habitat for Humanity, Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), Shell Philippines, Filipino-Chinese

30

Lucio Tan, Lutheran World Relief (LWR), Filipino Chinese Community (FCC), SM Corporations, Rotary Club of
CdeO, Berjaya Group of Companies, Oro Habitat, Habitat for Humanity (ALL HANDS), Habitat for Humanity
(Philippines), Amakan Permanent Houses, CARITAS, Tabang Cagayan, Xavier University Ateneo de Cagayan,
St. Francis Xavier Church, NHA Oro Coop, and various religious orders and group. Likewise, the Social Action
Center (SAC) of the Archdiocese of Cagayan de Oro City, TOUCH Foundation Inc., Group Foundation Inc. and
Kagay-anon Emergency Disaster Response Network (KEDRN) are also extending assistance to the survivors of
the different calamities.

Local Economic Outlook

Discuss the income class of the city, annual income from local revenues & IRA, major
economic activities / major industries and its contribution to the LGUs Income.
Example
Local Economic Outlook
Income Class of LGU. Butuan City is a highly-urbanized city.
Annual Income (local revenue & IRA)
Revenues of the city come from Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA), local taxes such as real property
taxes, business taxes, amusement taxes, community tax, and etc. For the year 2010, breakdown of the
citys revenue is shown in Table 9 below.
Table 9. Annual Income by Source, 2010

These available funds, which is heavily dependent on our share of the IRA is barely enough to meet the
ever increasing demand of our offices for funding to accomplish our mandates.
The total revenue collected in fiscal year 2010 posted an amount of Php1,679,281,879.30.
Breakdownof revenue collected is shown in Table 10.
Table 10. Revenue by Class, 2010

Major Economic Activities

31

Based on calendar year 2010 from the City Agriculturist Office, about 72% of the total land area of the city or
59,534 hectares is considered potential agricultural area. However, only 18,921 hectares or 31.8% of the
potential agricultural area are actually planted to crops. Total area planted and harvested with rice accounts
for 7,337 hectares for the first cropping and 7,030 hectares for the second cropping. Of the 11,107 hectares
potential for rice production, 51.8% of the area is fully planted to rice crop with an average production in these
areas, both irrigated and non-irrigated accounted to 58,450 metric tons. Other major crops produced in the
area include root crops, banana, coconut, corn, mango, durian, rubber and palm oil.
Butuan City fishpond area reached to about 1,224 hectares as of year 2010. These areas are managed by
173 private individual fishpond operators. Fishpond areas are located in 26 barangays with Barangay Masao
having the largest developed fishpond area at 468 hectares followed by Barangay Ambago with 276 hectares
and Barangay Lumbocan with 173. 5 hectares.
Business activity in Butuan City shows a promising sign to would be investors who want to engage business in
the locality. Data disclosed that for the five-year period (2005-2010), a total input of capitalization in financing
the growing business activities of the city reached to 23 billion pesos with a total gross sales reaching to 47
billion pesos.
As to the percentage distribution of the major types of establishment in 2010, the data showed that of the total
6,906 businesses in the area, trading activity plays the biggest percentage with 4,501 or 65.2%. Rendering
services ranks second with 1,876 or 27.2%, followed by establishments engaged in manufacturing, 399 or
5.8%; agri-business, 91 or 1.3%; and Mining/Quarrying, 39 or 0.56%.
The biggest bulk of the citys exports during the past five years (2005-2010) have been principally miningbased products. To date, the volume and value of exports on wood-based products has continually increased
from 2005-2007. There has been no export of logs for the past five years due to the total log ban issued
nationwide to curve illegal logging.
Although tourism potentials of the City have not as yet been fully developed, the City is not without spots and
places of interest which can lure tourists or visitors as well as local populace to enjoy and visit.

32

Chapter 3
ASSESSMENT OF SHELTER NEED
Assumptions and Definitions
This portion covers the discussions on the assumptions and definitions used in the plan,
the current housing situation, the need for new units due to backlog and population growth, and the
upgrading needs.
Oftentimes, data are outdated, not available or unreliable. These are the usual reasons
why the planner has to make assumptions. There are also some terms that need to be defined in order
for the readers to understand these words in the context of local shelter planning.
Definition of Terms. The housing parlance is quite complicated; thus, in order to have a common understanding
of the terms used in this plan, relevant terms are hereby defined:
Affordability - the potential amount of income that could be made available for housing investment after
excluding basic necessities such as food, clothing, education, medical expenses, transportation, income tax and
recurrent costs of housing (electricity, water, garbage disposal).
Backlog - is the number of dwelling units needed at the beginning of the planning period due to doubled-up HHs,

33

displaced units and homeless HHs/individuals

Displaced units (relocation need) - Units located a) in danger areas such as esteros, railroad tracks, garbage
dumps, river banks and flood prone areas or households/individuals living in public places such as sidewalks,
roads, parks, play grounds, b) in areas where government infrastructure projects are to be implemented, and c) in
areas where there is a court order for eviction and demolition.
Base Year - is the year before the first planning period or the last census year.
Doubled-up households - also known as double occupancy, exists when one dwelling unit is shared by two or
more households
Future Need - refers to the number of new dwelling units needed to supply the demand of new household formed
due to population increase.
Homeless - are the individuals or households living in parks, along sidewalks, and all those without any form of
shelter.
Household - as defined by NSO is a social unit consisting of a person or a group of person who sleep in the same
dwelling unit and have common arrangement for the preparation and consumption of food.
Housing Stock - is the number of occupied dwelling units at the beginning of the 1 st planning period. It can be
computed as the number of households during the beginning of the first planning period minus the number of
homeless households and/or individuals, and divide the difference by the number of households per dwelling unit.
Planning Period - period covers the duration that will be needed to realize the housing vision of the LGU.
Program Period - Program period is the time frame set by the LGU to meet the target housing needs due to
backlog, population growth and upgrading needs.
Shelter needs - 1.) the new housing units needed (lot, basic services and dwelling unit) and 2.) the upgrading
needs (either land tenure, some of basic services, or structural improvement of unit or combinations of these).
Upgrading Need - is defined as the need for improving land tenure status, e.g., provision of minimum security of
tenure as in a written contract to possessing a title to the land; access to basic services, e.g., macadam road to
paved road; and house condition, e.g., from a semi-permanent structure to a permanent one.
Example
Basic Data and Assumptions:
Assumptions and Definitions. The Local Shelter Plan covers a nine-year period, commencing on 2014 up to 2022. In
assessing the housing situation, baseline data used were taken from the 2010 census on Population of the NSO. The rest of the
figures were projected based on the trends on population from 2000 and 2010 Census, respectively.
Due to the absence of primary and more recent data, the planners sometimes had to do with secondary and slightly
outdated data which are sometimes inadequate to give a vivid picture of the housing situation of the City. Thus certain
assumptions were drawn in order to pursue the planning exercise. These assumptions are herein enumerated:
1.

Planning Period is from 2014-2022 (9 years) and the base year is 2013.

2.

The population growth rate is 2.36 % based on NSO 2000 & 2010 population data and will remain constant in the
next nine years.

3.

Household size of 4.3169 will remain the same throughout the planning period.

4.

There are 183 homeless households in the city.

5.

Housing Stock in 2013 is computed to be 350,071 which was derived from the number of households (358,718)
minus homeless (183) divided by the ratio of households per dwelling unit(1.024178).

34

6.

Doubled-up households is estimated at 8464. This was derived from the Housing Stock (350,071) multiplied by
the percentage of Household per dwelling unit (2.4178%).

7.

There are many displaced households needing relocation but Davao City targets to accommodate only 20,096
within the nine-year plan. Others can be accommodated later ones those with most urgent needs have been
attended to.

8.

Adequate land tenure refers to lands that are being owned, amortized and covered by lease or usufruct
agreements.

9.

Number of households needing tenurial upgrading totals to 7,160. They are composed of on-site qualified
recipients of LGU housing assistance through direct purchase and other housing strategies and programs of the
government, non-government organizations and private entities whose documents are still being processed or
soon to be processed towards granting them adequate land tenure status.

10. Adequate power supply is defined as having the presence of primary and secondary lines of a legitimate power
provider in the area.
11. Adequate safe and potable water is water from the local water district, government monitored water systems and
licensed commercial water refilling stations.
12. Adequate sanitary toilet facility refers to water-sealed and waterless sanitary toilets with depository(septic tanks)
that is exclusively used by a household.
13. Regular garbage collection on three shifts within the three congressional districts on a segregated collection of
bio and residual wastes.
14. Units needing upgrading of roads and drainage system, each totals to 8,248 respectively. It is assumed that all
households/units needing road upgrading also need upgrading of drainage system.
15. Structural upgrading need refers to the need to improve or repair structures or dwelling units so as to make it
climate change resilient and safe for habitation or occupancy. These are structures that are categorized as
needing major repair, dilapidated or condemned, houses made of light materials, like bamboo or sawali and units
which have been left unfinished for years thereby posing dangers to the lives and limbs of those that reside in it.
16. The income groupings of the target households are based on the information given by the city. It is assumed that
the first income group will all be composed of households earning monthly incomes of below the poverty
threshold.
17. Potential percentage of income for upgrading or new housing is estimated based on the perceived expenditure
patterns of each income group. Below are the estimated percentages of household income for housing:

1st Income Group 16.60% (.2% alcoholic beverages, 0.30% tobacco, 0.20% personal care, 0.40%
clothing, 1.70% durable furnishing/equipment, 0.40% recreation, 12.80% house rental, 0.60% housing
repair)
2nd Income Group 15.80% (0.20% alcoholic beverages, 0.30% tobacco , 0.20% non-durable
furnishing, 1.50% durable furnishing/equipment, 12.80% house rental, 0.60% housing maintenance,
0.20% other expenditure)
3rd Income Group 16.10% (0.10% non-durable furnishing, 1.70% durable furnishing/equipment,
12.80% house rental, 0.60% housing maintenance, 0.90% other expenditure)
4th Income Group 15.30% (0.20% non-durable furnishing, 1.70% durable furnishing, 12.80% house
rental, 0.60% housing maintenance)
5th Income Group 13.60% (0.20% non-durable furnishing, 12.80% house rental, 0.60% housing
maintenance)
6th Income Group 13.00% (0.20% non-durable furnishing, 12.80% house rental)

35

Current housing situation. Describe the present local housing situation in terms of tenurial
status as regards homelots and housing units, status of housing-related services (power, water,
sanitary, garbage, drainage).
Example
Current Housing Situation. The year 2013 (the base year in the Planning Period for the City Shelter Plan) had shown dramatic
growth in terms of catering the needs of informal settlers, the urban poor and the housing concern of the higher income bracket as
well as the government employees of the City. This growth was made possible because of the close coordination and participation
of government and private housing agencies, developers, investors and lending institutions. The production of houses ranges from
core houses to ready to occupy units and from row houses to duplex in the resettlement areas.
However, the gathered data magnifies the urgent need for all sectors to join hands and exert a unified effort to effect meaningful
changes to secure levels of sustainable housing development program for future generation, a program, which also attunes itself to
the citys economic development and growth just as it works tirelessly towards the legislation of a child friendly and resilient
sensitive housing policies.
Cagayan de Oro City built up areas includes residential, commercial, industrial and institutional areas as well as parks and open
spaces. They are predominantly found along the east-west stretch of the city between Macajalar Bay and the escarpment areas.
Patches can also be found along the Lumbia Road north of the airport and along the Macasandig-Taguanao road.
The built up areas of the city constitutes approximately 7,714.50 hectares or 16.68% of the total land area.
The residential areas cover 24% of the total built-up area and this represents 4% only of the whole area of the city. Out of the total,
residential use is 7,151.48 hectares. It occupies 12.55% of the total land area of Cagayan de Oro city. The existing subdivision
covers a total of 0.15 hectares and out of which only 0.02 hectare was generated for socialized housing (see Table 3.1) and out of
the lots generated for socialized housing, about 62% is contributed by the LGU and the HOA per approved Complex Subdivisions
Applications covering the period 2009-2013.
Table 3.1 Land Area and Lots Generated by Housing Category per approved Complex Subdivision Applications from 2009-2013
Housing Category
Land Area (sq.m.)
% to Total
No. of Lots
%
A. Open Market

1,027.059

66.91

3,010

37.36

B. Economic Housing

324.626

21.15

2,206

27.38

C. SHP

183.224

11.94

2,841

35.26

TOTAL

1,534.909

100.00

8,057

100.00

A total of 133,366 occupied housing units were recorded in Cagayan de Oro city in 2010. This translates to a ratio of 103
households for every 100 occupied housing units, with 4.5 persons per occupied housing units. In 2000, there were 103
households per 100 occupied housing units, and 5.1 persons per occupied housing unit.
In 2010, the proportion of occupied housing units with outer walls made of concrete/brick/stone increased from 33.0 percent in
2000 to 45.8 percent in 2010.
The proportion of occupied housing units with outer walls made of wood decreased from 37.6 percent in 2000 to 30.0 percent in
2010.Those with outer walls made of half concrete/brick/stone and half wood decreased from 22.4 percent in 2000 to 17.7 percent
in 2010.Meanwhile, nine in every 10 (90.0 percent) of the occupied housing units in 2010 had roofs made of galvanized
iron/aluminum, higher than the proportion of 82.8 percent recorded in 2000.

36

Table 3.2 Occupied Housing Units by Construction Materials of the Roof and Outer Walls: Cagayan de Oro City,2010

Construction
Materials of
Outer Walls

Total
Concrete /
Brickstone
Wood
Half concrete/
brick/ stone &
half wood
Galvanized
Iron /
Aluminum
Bamboo/
sawali/ cogon/
nipa
Asbestos
Glass
Makeshift/
salvaged/
improvise
materials
Others
No walls

Total
Occupied
Housing
Units

Construction Materials of the Roof

Tile /
Half GI /
Wood
Cogon /
Makeshift / Asbestos
Concrete /
Half
Nipa/
Salvaged /
/ Others
Clay Tile
Concret
Anahaw Improvised
e
Materials
877
3,302
3,630
4,561
837
158
657
371
249
70
16
94

133,366
61,052

Galvanize
d Iron
(GI) /
Aluminum
120,001
59,595

40,022
23,546

34,079
21,003

102
110

840
1,967

2,902
343

1,854
108

216
11

29
4

336

282

28

6,636

3,892

72

96

2,311

163

12

97
21
1,181

90
15
628

3
13

21

125

393

7
3
1

451
24

310
17

8
-

10
-

86
-

33
5

4
2

Table 3.3 shows that in 2010, more than half of the households lived in lots that they owned or amortized or of the total 137,465
households, 55.16 percent owned or amortized the lots that they occupied. The corresponding figure in 2000 was lower at 46.9 percent.
Moreover, 18.99 percent of the households occupied lots which were rentfree but with consent of the owner, 15.19 percent rented the lots
that they occupied while 6.32 percent occupied lots which were rent-free but without consent of the owner.
Table 3.3 Households by Tenure Status of the Lot, 2010
Tenure Status of the Lot
Total
Owned/being amortized/owner-like
Rented
Rent-free with consent of owner
Rent-free without consent of owner
Not reported/Not applicable

Number of
Households
137,465
75,838
20,875
26,098
8,681
5,973

%
100.00
55.16
15.19
18.99
6.32
4.34

Power distribution utilities are answered by two legitimate power providers namely Cagayan de Oro Electric Power and Light
Company (CEPALCO) and Misamis Oriental Electric Service Cooperative (MORESCO). These power providers have efficiently
supplied the needs of both the urban and rural barangays in the City.
For the past five years, CEPALCOs number of customers grew at an average of 3% per year or around 4,000 customers per year.
However, CEPALCO is capable to serve any additional customers even beyond the 3% growth.
The Cagayan de Oro Water District (COWD) provides potable water in almost all parts of the Rural and Urban Barangays. It has
sufficiently provided the demands of the City. The annual capacity of COWD by 2014 is projected at 546,692, which is more than
enough to provide the needs of new units.
Toilet facilities of different households vary. Out of 137,465 total household populations, a total of 101,281 or 73.68% household

37

used exclusively the water sealed sewer septic tank while a total of 19,014 or 13.83% household shared with other household the
use of water-sealed sewer septic tank. With regards to the used exclusively by household water-sealed other depository, a total of
3,577 households or 2.60% and water- sealed other depository shared with other household totaled to 3,392 or 2.47%. Also a total
of 4,205 households or 3.6% uses the closed pit type of toilet facilities and a total of1, 897 household or 1.38% uses the open pit
type of toilet facility. There are also a considerable number of households that uses the pail system and others which totaled to
1,274 or about 0.93% and those with no toilet facility totaled to 2,820 or 2.6% but share a common depository with neighbors.
The most dominant problem that needs to be addressed is the poor drainage system around the City, which results to flooding.
Presence of debris or barrier, which interferes with flows of canals and rivers, should be addressed. Massive widening of current
drainage canals and declogging is needed. One of the socialized housing project of the City, located in Balubal needs drainage
system upgrading.
As reflected in Table 3.5, out of the total 137,465 households in Cagayan de Oro City, 101,290 or 73.68% are served by garbage
trucks and only 6,735 or 4.9% households are dumping in individual pit (not burned). Moreover, a total of 24,200 households or
17.60% usually burn their garbage and about 1,585 or 1.15% prefer the manner of composting as their way of garbage disposal.
Table 3.5 Number of HHs by Usual Manner of Garbage Disposal, 2010 (Figures are based on a 20% sample households)
Region, Province, &
Highly Urbanized City
Philippines

Total Households

Usual Manner of Garbage Disposal

Picked up by
garbage truck

Dumping in
individualized pit

Burning

Composting

20,171,899

8,672,217

2,819,702

6,079,387

1,090,958

Region X (NorMin)

917,840

266,038

139,402

380,116

78,286

Misamis Oriental (excluding

CdeO)

173,231

34,528

18,782

97,430

12,833

Cagayan de Oro City

137,465

101,290

6,735

24,200

1,585

Base on RA 9003, The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, the City, thru CLENRO, continue on its
Information Education Campaign on Waste Segregation to all barangay level. Material Recovery Facility (MRF) will be constructed
in the barangay as mandated in this Act. Fifty percent reduction of solid waste is expected to be realized.
Table 3.5 shows the projected number of households served by the Garbage Collection System of the City. Out of the 80
barangays, there are only 16 barangays from the hinterland not served for the reason that waste disposal is still manageable in
these areas. Domestic waste from the central business district is collected daily while three to four times a week for other areas.
Table 3.5 Number of HHs served by the City Garbage Collection
YEAR

POPN

VOL/YR (CU.M)

HHs

2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022

673,313
691,687
710,561
729,951
749,870
770,332
791,353
812,948
835,131

331,972.64
341,031.50
351,297.39
359,897.56
369,718.43
379,807.29
391,240.43
401,916.58
412,884.07

140,273.59
144,101.37
148,033.61
152,073.14
156,222.91
160,485.92
164,865.25
169,364.09
173985.69

Majority of the lands in urban and rural areas that are occupied by the informal settlers are owned by few rich individuals or families
in Cagayan de Oro City. Some of the LGU-owned lands and public lands are also occupied by the ISFs. Most of the landowners
tolerated the occupancy of the informal settler families (ISFs) for years. However, this practice may not be for long because as the
city is progressing with the emergence of new businesses and other economic opportunities, the prices of the lands began to
appreciate. The possibility for ejectment and demolition is not farfetched due to this trend. There are also privately owned
properties occupied by these ISFs that are being processed for lot purchase by the occupants through either Community Mortgage
Program (CMP) or Localized CMP (LCMP) and Direct Purchase (DP).

Backlog. Discuss the magnitude of new housing units needed at the beginning of the planning period
due to backlog which is composed of the doubled-up households, displaced units, and the homeless.

38

To be mentioned in this section is the number of years (program period) that is needed by the LGU to
address this need. The discussion should be accompanied by a table (see example below).
Example
Backlog. Backlog covers the literally homeless households, the doubled-up households and the displaced households
who are composed of those that need to be relocated because they live in danger zones or areas prone to hazards, they are to be
evicted or demolished due to court order or due to an impending implementation of a government infrastructure project in the area
that they are occupying.
Table 6 shows the disaggregation of the 1,545 units of backlog. There is no data on homeless households or homeless
individuals in the city, but it is assumed to be zero since there are no manifestations of literally homeless people in the City. The
backlog is therefore composed of the displaced totaling to 1,397 households and the doubled-up units or sharers, numbering some
148 households. These data reveal that 90.42 % of the backlog comprises the displaced units while only 9.58 % is doubled-up. The
table further reveals that between 2015 and 2020, 25 new units have to be produced annually to serve the doubled-up households,
while 233 units have to be provided annually from 2012 to 2017 to address the needs of the displaced households.

Table 6. New Units Needed Due to Backlog

Doubled-up

HOUSING UNITS NEEDED

Total
%
148
9.58

Displaced

1397

90.42

233

2012-2017

0
1,545

0.00
100.00

TYPES

Homeless
TOTAL
Note: As computed.

Annual
25

PROGRAM PERIOD
2015-2020

Example:
Figure 2 below shows that the displaced units are occupied by households that face court-ordered eviction or
with impending threats of eviction (65.85%), those affected by infrastructure projects (13.60%), those living in danger
(13.39%) areas such as creeks, river banks and shorelines; and the renters (7.16%).
Fig. No. 2. Distribution of Displaced Units/Households

39

7.16%

13.60 %

13.39 %

65.85 %

Displaced Units. The displaced units should be presented in terms of specific numbers and
location annually.
Example:
Table 17 below shows the detailed location and specific numbers of households that
compose the backlog, as well as their circumstance (living in danger areas, will be affected by
government infrastructure project, or might be evicted). The table likewise shows the locations and
numbers of households targeted for assistance annually from 2014 to 2022.

40

Table 17. Number of New Units Needed Annually Due to Backlog

Location
Total
Doubled-up (1.31 % of HS)
281
Homeless
0
Displaced
8,238
* HergonMatagoy, Brgy. Rizal
36
* Hergon So-ol, Brgy. Rizal
15
** Montinola, Brgy. 2
2
** Lacson, Brgy. 2
35
** CalleOnse, Brgy. 2
75
*** Sampaguita, Brgy. 5
23
* Pauling, Brgy. Guinhalaran
74
* Lupa, Brgy. Guinhalaran
50
* Mingoy, Brgy. Guinhalaran
10
*
*
**
*
*
**
*
**
*
*
**
*
*
**
*
**
**
***
*
*
**
**
**
**
**
*
**
**
*
**
**
**
**
**
***
***
**

BeraoTaytay, Brgy. Lantad

Tres Fuentes, Brgy. Lantad
Kalubihan, Brgy. Rizal
3s Fuentes Olaybar, Brgy. Rizal
MatagoyBato, Brgy. Rizal
Matagoy Interior, Brgy. Rizal
MatagoyOlaybar, Brgy. Rizal
Gonzaga, Brgy. Rizal
SitioPasil, Brgy. Balaring
Hda. San Juan2, Brgy. Balaring
Iglesia, Brgy. Balaring
Flying A, Brgy. 1
Narra, Brgy. 1
Kamagong, Brgy. 1
Severino, Brgy. 2
LaPurCon, Brgy. E. Lopez
Panaogao2, Brgy. 4
CalleOnse, Brgy. Mambulac
Pulo, Brgy. Mambulac
Gaston/ Paradise, Brgy. Rizal
Paradise / Bo. Rizal, Brgy. Rizal
Matagoy Exterior, Brgy. Rizal
So-ol 2, Brgy. 4
PurokKawayanan, Brgy. 5
Hda. Fortuna, Brgy. 5
DBP, Brgy. 5
Malisbog 2, Brgy. Hawaiian
Plazul, Brgy. 3
Bonbon, Brgy. E. Lopez
Jalandoni, Brgy. Mambulac

30
25
20
18
20
35
8
5
23
10
106
13
32
36
13
36
8
97
12
10
25
39
10
50
40
40
14
47
25
55
17
42
9
487
20
37
157

Annual
56
0

Program Period
2016-20220
2014-2022 (9 yrs)

1,001

2014

990

2015

41

Location
** A. Luna Interior, Brgy. Mambulac
**
***
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
*

Cabay, Brgy. Guinhalaran

Total
98
56

Annual
940

Program Period
2016

29
Sunshine 1, Brgy. E. Lopez
Sunshine 2, Brgy. E. Lopez
Sunset, Brgy. E. Lopez
Sunrise, Brgy. E. Lopez
Sampaguita, Brgy. E. Lopez
Langka, Brgy. E. Lopez
Gemelina, Brgy. E. Lopez
Mangingisda, Brgy. Guinhalaran

74
103
131
102
155
45
77
70

*
*
*
*
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**

Zone 2, Brgy. Mambulac

Zone 3, Brgy. Mambulac
Zone 4, Brgy. Mambulac
Zone 5&6, Brgy. Mambulac
Zone 1, Brgy. Mambulac
PLDT Hofilea, Brgy. Mambulac
Guimbala-on Proper, Brgy. Guimbala-on
DacutanDacu, Brgy. Mambulac
Loney 1, Brgy. Mambulac
Bongol, Brgy. Balaring
Balaring Proper
Bonifacio Extension, Brgy. 4
Gomez Extension, Brgy. 4
Zulueta Gomez, Brgy. 4
Riverside

1
52
62
73
41
156
157
364
136
156
208
73
78
46
193

*
**
*
**
*
***
**
**
**
**

Kahilwayan, Brgy. 2

Proper, Brgy. Guinhalaran

Maninihon, Brgy. Guinhalaran
CKK, Brgy. Guinhalaran
Sawmill, Brgy. Guinhalaran

6
16
15
60
114
21
42
91
34
50

**
**
**

Loney 2, Brgy. Mambulac

Bangga Nene, Brgy. Mambulac
Pasil, Brgy. Mambulac

81
29
129

*
**
**
**
**
**
*
**
**
**

BurBons, Brgy. 2

11
22
116
21
30
226
20
54
171
186

SitioEstaca, Brgy. Lantad

CalleOnse, Brgy. Lantad
Cabay, Brgy. 5

DacutanDiutay, Brgy. Guinhalaran

Gomez, Brgy. 2
Aguinaldo, Brgy. 4
Lantad Proper, Brgy. Lantad
So-ol 1, Brgy. 2
Golf, Brgy. Guinhalaran
CabugBaybay, Brgy. Guinhalaran

906

2017

890

2018

888

2019

877

2020

42

Location
** SitioCubay, Brgy. Guinhalaran
** Roma, Brgy. Balaring
** Zamora Gomez, Brgy. 4

**

Total

Annual

Program Period

142
70
8

Berao Proper, Brgy. Lantad

893

2021

114
105
43
25
73
252
49
280
32
120
120

853

2022

8,519

8,519

533

** Kayum-it, Brgy. Hawaiian

** So. PuloLunoy, Brgy. Hawaiian
** Cato Village, Brgy. Hawaiian
** Had. Lourdes Ascalon, Brgy. Hawaiian
**
Had. Balas, Brgy. Hawaiian
**
Had. Tanza A, Brgy. Hawaiian
** Had. Lagrota, Brgy. Hawaiian
** Had. Colisap, Brgy. Hawaiian
** Had. San Diego 4, Brgy. Hawaiian
** Had. Malisbog, Brgy. Hawaiian
** Had. Guinsang-an, Brgy. Hawaiian
** Had. Lunoy, Brgy. Hawaiian
TOTAL
Legend:
*ISFs in Danger Areas
**ISFs in Private Lands with the possibility of eviction
***ISFs in Government Lands affected by Infra Project

Future growth. Discuss the number of new units needed to address the need of new households formed all throughout the planning
period. Part of the discussion should dwell on the population growth rate, cause of increase or decrease in population growth, household size, and
migration patterns, if significant.

Example
Future Need. The average annual population growth rate of the City is computed to be 1.17 per cent. Using this growth
rate, the population was projected for the planning period 2014 to 2022 and the corresponding increase in the number of
households or what is likewise referred to as future need, was computed to be 2,711 units (see Table 18 below). This
translates to an estimated decrease of 291 households annually for the first planning period (2014-2016), 301 households
annually for the second planning period (2017-2019), and 312 households in the third planning period (2020-2022).
Table 18. Projected Increase in the Number of Households within the 2014-2022 Planning Period
PLANNING PERIOD

TOTAL

ANNUAL

Planning Period (2014-2016)

872

291

Planning Period (2017-2019)

904

301

Planning Period (2020-2022)

935
2,711

312

TOTAL

Summary of new units needed. This is the total of all the new units needed within the planning period, due to backlog and
future growth.

43

Example
Table 19 shows that the total new units needed due to backlog and future growth or population increase for the
period 2014-2022, is 11, 230. The table likewise presents that the bulk of the need to be addressed by the plan which is
34.69% falls within the 1st planning period; and then it gradually tapers to 32.79% and 32.52% of the need in the second
and third planning periods, respectively.
Housing units should be made available for these 11,230 households because the displaced units need to be
relocated to a suitable site which can give them secure tenure and decent shelter, and the sharers should be provided with
their own dwelling unit because ideally, one house should be occupied by only one household.
Table 19. Summary of New Units Needed Due to Backlog and Population Growth
PLANNING PERIOD
1st Planning Period
2nd Planning Period
3rd Planning Period

2014-2016
2017-2019
2020-202
TOTAL

HOUSING UNITS NEEDED

Due to Backlog
Due to Population
Growth
3,043
872
2,768
904
2,708
935
8,519
2,711

Total
3,896
3,681
3,653
11,230

%
34.69
32.79
32.52
100.00

The planners decided to prioritize the displaced households over the doubled-up in terms of provision of shelter
because their situation demands urgency due to the dangers being posed by their exposure to various hazards, both natural
(flood) and legal (eviction). This is the reason why addressing their need for shelter immediately starts in 2014. The
doubled-up households will be attended to only between 2016-2020since it is assumed that, while they are still sharing a
home with another household, their lives and properties are in no immediate danger (see Table 20).
Table 20. Distribution of New Units Needed Annually (2014-2022)
Doubled-up
Year
Displaced
Homeless
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022

56
56
56
56
57

1,001
990
940
906
890
888
877
893
853

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Population
Increase
290
291
291
301
301
302
311
312
312

Annual Total
1,291
1,281
1,287
1,263
1,247
1,246
1,245
1,205
1,165
TOTAL

Total for the

planning period
3,859

3,756

3, 615
11,230

Upgrading Needs. Upgrading needs cover three main categories of needs: tenure upgrading need, infrastructure upgrading
need, and structural upgrading need.

Tenure Upgrading Needs. Discuss the tenure upgrading need of the locality and the number of years needed to address
this need. Present the magnitude of tenure upgrading need in terms of number of households as well as its percentage to the total
household stock.

44

Example
Tenure Upgrading Needs. In XXX City, those needing tenure upgrading comprise about 16.45 % of the housing stock or
4,966 households as shown in Table 9. The City plans to upgrade the status of these households between 2012 and 2020. This is
translated to assisting 552 households annually in accessing security of land tenure through various schemes such as the Community
Mortgage Program, the direct purchase scheme and other similar programs.
Table 9. Tenure Upgrading Needs
Percentage of Housing
Stock
Tenure Upgrading Need

16.45%

No. of Housing Units

Total

Annual

Program
Period

4,966

552

2012-2020

Table 10 below reveals the location of the 4,966 households that need tenure upgrading. These are households whose
legal tenure over the land is presently being processed.
Table 10. Number of Households needing tenure upgrading according to location, landowner, and status.
Location
Poblacion 1 and 2

No. of Households
1,030

Land Owner
Private/LGU

Old Sagay
Fabrica
Gen. Luna
Rizal
Rafael Barrera
Lopez Jaena
Bago / Makiling

200
702
95
67
145
61
160

Private
Government owned
LGU
LGU
LGU
LGU
LGU

Bonifacio
Crossing. Bulanon

105
90

LGU
LGU

Malubon
So. La-on (Colonia
Divina)
Plaridel
Himoga-on Baybay
Bato
Molocaboc
Taba-ao

3
6

LGU
LGU

TOTAL

2
800
500
800
200

LGU
LGU
LGU
Public Land
LGU

Status/Remarks
Homelots distributed to beneficiaries but no contract or
similar legal instrument has yet been signed
On-going resettlement of ISFs to LGU property
On-going site development upgrading
On-going site development upgrading
On-going site development upgrading
On-going site development upgrading
Conduct of on-site survey
Distribution completed but no contract or similar legal
instrument has yet been signed
On-going site development upgrading
Distribution completed but no contract or similar legal
instrument has yet been signed
Land development to start
Distribution completed but no contract or similar legal
instrument has yet been signed
On-going site development upgrading
On-going site development upgrading
Acquisition proceedings on-going
On-going site development upgrading
On-going site development upgrading

= 4,966

Infrastructure upgrading needs. There are several aspects of infrastructure when it comes to shelter. This consists of the power and
water systems, the roads and road access, and the drainage system. Likewise categorized here are the related social services such as
garbage collection and disposal and the sanitary facility.
Example
Infrastructure upgrading needs. Table 11presents the upgrading needs in terms of infrastructure and other related services in the City.
As shown in this table, there are 16,692 households that need upgrading of power facility. This represents 55.30% of the housing stock. The
LGU plans to render assistance to them from 2012 to 2017. This translates into 2,782 households to be assisted annually.
Table 11 likewise shows that there are 477 households that need upgrading of water facility. This comprises 1.58% of the housing
stock. From 2012 to 2017, the LGU plans to assist 80 households every year in upgrading their access to water facility.
There are 1,887 households (6.25% of housing stock) that still need upgrading of sanitary facility. From 2012 up to 2016,
approximately 377 households are targeted for assistance in order to upgrade their sanitary facility.

45

The drainage system within the housing sites in the City is not working very well. There is still a need to upgrade this basic facility so
that 1,213 households (4.02%) will enjoy better drainage.
The need for better roads and road access is felt by 7,323 households or about 24.26% of the housing stock. The LGU targets to
provide this assistance between 2012 to 2020; thereby bringing the target to 814 households to be assisted annually between these years.
Garbage disposal seems to be not among the top worries of the City. As shown in the Negros Occidental Socio-economic Trends
(NOSET) 2010, 98.50% of the households already have adequate garbage disposal system. The remaining 1.50% or 453 households is targeted
for better garbage collection or disposal services henceforth.
Table 11. Infrastructure Upgrading Needs
Category
Infrastructure Upgrading Need
a. Units w/o adequate electricity
b. Units w/o adequate potable water supply
c. Units w/o adequate sanitation
d. Units w/o adequate drainage
e. Units w/o adequate road/access road
f. Units w/o adequate garbage collection/disposal system
Housing Stock = 30,184 units

Percentage of
Housing Stock

55.30
1.58
6.25
4.02
24.26
1.50

No. of Housing Units

Total

Annual

16,692
477
1,887
1,213
7,323
453

2,782
80
377
173
814
76

Program
Period

2012-2017
2012-2017
2012-2016
2012-2018
2012-2020
2012-2017

Example
Structural Upgrading Needs
Structural Upgrading. Structural upgrading need refers to the need to improve or repair structures or dwelling units so
as to make it climate change resilient and safe for habitation or occupancy. These are structures that are categorized as needing
major repair, dilapidated or condemned, and units which have been left unfinished for years thereby posing dangers to the lives and
limbs of those that reside in it.
The table below shows that there is an estimated 2.20% or 7,699 units that need structural improvement. The table
likewise shows the number and the location of these units which are targeted for upgrading annually between 2014 and 2022. The
city targets to address the problem by area per year with the end view that by the end of the planning period, these units will be
safe, decent and resilient to the adverse impacts of climate change. Major activities related to this type of upgrading can be
information and education campaign regarding the benefits of a sound structure, technical assistance through trainings on building
resilient shelters, and provision of housing materials assistance.

46

Table 30. Number and Location of Units Targeted for Structural upgrading, 20142022.
Location
% of housing
Total
Annual
stock
DAVAO CITY
2.20%
7,699
Marapangi
62
250
Tigatto
66
Malagamot
72
Sto. Nio (Aglipayan )
50
Marapangi
62
250
Tigatto
66
Malagamot
72
Sto. Nio (Aglipayan )
50
Marapangi
61
249
Tigatto
66
Malagamot
72
Sto Nio (Aglipayan )
50
Tibungco
529
1,832
Mintal
719
New matina (SIR)
222
Piapi Upgrading Area
362
Tibungco
528
1,831
Mintal
719
New Matina (SIR)
222
Piapi Upgrading Area
362
Tibungco
528
1,831
Mintal
719
New Matina (SIR)
222
Piapi Upgrading
362
Catalunan Grande
74
449
Panacan
222
Los Amigos
153
Catalunan Grande
74
449
Panacan
222
Los Amigos
153
Catalunan Grande
74
558
Panacan
222
Los Amigos
154
Sahora Upgrading
29
Brgy. 31-D
79
Housing Stock : 350,071

Program Period
2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020
2021
2022

47

Chapter 4
ASSESSMENT OF AFFORDABILITY
Affordability of Households for Housing . Presented in this portion are the various income groups with its corresponding
number of households needing housing assistance, their typical monthly income, potential percentage of income for housing, potential annual
capital cost of housing, affordable housing loan packages based on the loan terms identified by the LGU.
Under this section, three major aspects are being analyzed. First is the affordability of the target households for housing,
and the second is the identification of the affordable options. The third aspect is the estimation of the land required to put up the new units, be
it lot only or house and lot units, to accommodate the backlog and the new units due to population increase.
Affordability of Households for Housing. This portion of the plan deals with looking into the affordability of the target
households to pay for their housing facility.
Example: Affordability of Households for Housing

48

This portion of the plan deals with looking into the affordability of the target households to pay for their housing facility.
In determining the affordability for housing of the target households, the planners categorized them into six (6) income groups. The
following assumptions are drawn in assigning the income groupings:
The 1st income group is composed mainly of tricycle and trisikad drivers, laundry workers, small fisherfolks, odd jobs/laborers
with monthly household income falling below the poverty threshold of P9,527 and below income bracket. They have a typical household
monthly income of P4,000.

The 2nd income group has at least two members that have regular income that covers the families of tricycle operators/casual
workers, micro scale businessmen and vendors with monthly household income ranging from P9,528 to P15,000. This group has a typical
monthly income of P12,129.
The 3rd income group has an average income of P22,500 and has at least two or more members that have permanent incomes
that covers the regular employees, small business owners, and skilled-workers with monthly household income ranging from P15,001 to
P30,000.
The 4th income group comprises the OFW supported families, professionals mainly composed of teachers, nurses, and regular
government employees with monthly household income ranging from P30,001 to P45,000 with a usual income of P37,500.
The 5th income group includes families of professionals/supervisors/departments heads and OFWs with monthly household
income of P45,001 to P60,000 with an average income of P 52,500.
The 6th income group consists of highly paid professionals and entrepreneurs with monthly household income of over P60,000
with a typical income of P67,500.
Table 23 shows that out of the targeted 11,666 new units needed due to backlog and population growth for the period of 2014
to 2023, approximately 61.46 % or 7,170 of these are needed by households belonging to the 1 st income group, 13.27 % or 1,548 units are in
the 2nd income group, 14.60 % or 1,703 units are in the 3rd income group, 7.52 % (877 units) are in the 4th income group and 2.56 % (299
units) and 0.59 % (69 units) are in the 5thand 6th income groups, respectively.
Table 23 further shows the various potential percentages of the household income that can be used to pay for their housing.
Based on their typical income and the percentages of income for housing, the affordable housing loans were computed using the prevailing
loan terms (interest rate and number of years to pay) of the government housing programs.
In terms of affordability, for the first income group, their affordable housing loan should not exceed 73,785.60 if loan is availed
of from Pag-IBIG Fund at 5% per year interest rate, and P66,072, if loan is through other housing programs with annual interest rate of 6%, all
payable for 30 years. The loan for the 2 nd income group should not exceed P180,376.56; those belonging to the 3 rd income group can afford a
loan amounting to P371,655, the 4 th income group can have a maximum loan of P629,316, the 5 th income groups affordable loan is
approximately P866,388.60; and lastly, the 6 th income group can well afford to pay a loan of around P1,102,855.50. The second and third
income groups are qualified to avail a loan at 6% per annum interest rate payable in a maximum of 30 years. The fourth income group can
avail of a 7% per year interest rate but the planners propose a shorter loan term of 25 years. The fifth and the sixth income groups can apply
for a 25-year to pay housing loan with an annual interest rate of 9% and 10%, respectively. Loans can be accessed through housing financial
institutions.

Table 23. Distribution of Households by Income Group, Potential Percentage of Income for New Housing, and Affordable Housing Loan
Income Group
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
Income (minimum,
9,527 and below
9,528-15,000
15,001-30,000 30,001-45,000 45,001 - 60,000 Over 60,000
maximum)
% of new units
61.46 %
13.27 %
14.60 %
7.52 %
2.56 %
0.59 %
Number of units 11,666
7,170
1,548
1,703
877
299
69
Typical monthly income
4,000
12,129
22,500
37,500
52,500
67,500
Potential % of income for
10 %
9%
10 %
12 %
14 %
15 %
upgrading / new
House rent,
housing
maintenance,gift
Potential capital cost for
housing:
Monthly
400
1,092
2,250
4,500
7,350
10,125
Annual
4,800
13,104
27,000
54,000
88,200
121,500
Loan Terms

49

Interest rate
Repayment period, years
Affordable housing loan

5%HDMF & 6%CMP

30
73,785.60(HDMF)
66,072 (CMP)

6%
30

6%
30

7%
25

9%
25

10%
25

180,376.56

371,655

629,316

866,388.60

1,102,855.50

Affordable Housing Options. This section presents the various affordable housing options for the five income groups. Describe
each option in terms of size of lot, floor area (if with housing unit), amenities and type of development.
Affordable Housing Options
Based on the estimated costs of land and land development, six (6) affordable housing options were designed . As shown in Table 24, there
is one option for each income group, except for the first income group where two options are proposed: one for public rental and one for five-yearterm lease with option to buy. Option 1.A and 1.B for the first income group are both low- rise housing (LRH). In the 2nd income group, the option is
a shell row house while the 3rd income group option is a shell duplex house. Single detached option is intended for the 4 th, 5th and 6th income groups.
In the recent past, the usual option for the lowest income group was land only because it is only what they can afford. However, with the
goal of providing decent and climate change resilient shelters, land only is no longer being promoted as the best option. The LGU therefore looked
for alternative schemes to make shelter affordable to the lowest income group without compromising their safety, hence, the proposed LRH at
graduated rent/amortization.

50

There are 7,170 households belonging to the first income group that are targeted for provision of new housing units. Half or 50% of them is
assumed to opt for Option 1.A and the remaining half is assumed to apply under Option 1.B.
Option 1.A provides for a four storey Low Rise Housing (LRH) purely for residential use. There will be 12 units in every floor, eight buildings
in a hectare, thereby accommodating 384 units in one hectare. In a hectare of land, 30% or 3,000 sqm will be allotted for the building while the
remaining 70% (7,000 sqm) will be for community facilities and open spaces. Of the 30% area devoted to buildings, 64% of that (1920 sqm) will be
for residential use and 35% (1,080 sqm) will be allocated for hallways, stairways, landing, etc. Each unit will have a 20-sq.m floor area with power
and water connection, enclosed bath and toilet, but without partition, costing P 415,392.00. This already includes all the developmental costs of the
building as well as the land development (roads, parking area, green areas and spaces for communal facilities, etc.).
Although this is not affordable for this income group it will be offered for public rental at graduated rent starting at P280.00 per month on the
first to third years of implementation. The rent will increase by 30% every three years until the 15th year, and thereafter, it will increase by 50% every
3 years until the 30th year. Increasing rent is proposed because on the first year up to the 15 th year of project implementation, the rental is way below
the cost of the project just to make it affordable. On the 30th year, the cost of land development and building construction will be recovered with
marginal returns for the LGU. There is a 20% additional indirect cost on top of land development and building construction cost to defray expenses
for documentation, as well as, maintenance of the buildings. The household income is also anticipated to increase through the years and enable the
target households to cope with the rental. Basic amenities are present in this scheme including the shared parking facility and a multi-purpose
center for community activities. Under this scheme, the lot is retained by the LGU and is excluded from the pricing. For the proposed schedule of
rental, please see Annex 4.
Option 1.B provides for a four storey Low Rise Housing (LRH), with the ground floor for commercial purposes and the second to fourth floors
for residential use. Each unit, will have a 27-sq.m floor area, with power and water facilities, enclosed bath and toilets, without partitions, costing
P561,000.00. This already includes all the developmental costs of the building as well as the land development (roads, parking area, parks/green
areas and spaces for communal facilities, etc.). Although the total cost is not affordable for this income group, it will be offered for rent-to-own
scheme at graduated rent or amortization starting at P400.00 per month which is equal to the current monthly affordable level of this income group
(see Table 23). The tenant can rent until the fifth year but on or before the end of the fifth year, they either opt to own the unit and pay the
amortization from the 6th to the 30th year maximum period, or vacate the building to transfer to a public rental project or other location. The rent or
amortization will increase by 40% every five years as the household income is also anticipated to increase. Basic amenities are present in this
scheme including the shared parking facility, a club house and commercial area. The ground floor of the LRHs will be leased to commercial uses at
commercial rates so that the earnings from this will be able to subsidize the socialized rates charged to the residents. Under this scheme, the lot is
retained by the LGU/developer. For the proposed schedule of rental, please see Annex 4.
Option 2 is an 18 sq.m shell row-house to be constructed on a 40-square meter lot in a location where concrete roads, covered drainage,
septic vaults, water and electrical connection are in place. It costs P 182,716.24 per unit. The affordable loan of this group is only 180,376.56, so
there is a need for the beneficiaries to pay a one-time equity of P2,339.68. This group earns only a typical income of P4,000 a month. They should
be given enough time to save for the equity. Social preparation is vital in order to implement an effective savings program.
Option 3 is a shell-duplex unit having a lot area of 64 sqm and a 22.50 square meters floor area, estimated at P 282,274.05/unit.
Option 4 is a single-attached housing unit with a floor area of 32.50 square meters on a lot measuring 80 sq.m. and costs P 402,084.14
per unit.
Option 5 differs slightly since it is more spacious and is a single-detached unit having a lot area of 90 sq.m. and a 32.50 sq.m. shell
house at a cost of P 519,250.74/unit.
Option 6 just like Option 5, is a single detached unit but, unlike Option 5, Option 6 proposes for a spacious lot area of 120 sq.m. with
appropriate developments such as underground drainage, plumbing and electrical connections and a 30.43 sq.m. complete single-detached house
with a total cost of P 690,627.28/unit.
All income groups will enjoy the basic amenities of concrete main and mior roads, power and water lines, covered drainage and regular
garbage collection. Open spaces provided for parks and play grounds, as well as for other community facilties, can be utilized for day care centers,
chapels, multi-purpose center and other community infrastructure desired by the homeowners that are not in conflict with residential use.
In all options, there is a provision for green space for vegetable and urban and ornamental gardening and circulation in support of the One
Village, One Block, One Flower, One Shrub, One Tree program of the city government through the City Housing and Development Office for the
relocation sites.
Provision for insurance will be incorporated in all housing options as a beneficial measure in case of fire mishap. Moreover, a rain
harvesting facility like cistern can be constructed as an important component of the LRH to ensure the availability of water supply during heavy
demand. A material recovery facility will also be present in the LRHs.

51

As shown in Table 24, Affordable Housing Options, the planners designed for each income group a house and lot package that is within
their affordable limits.
Access to housing institutions such as National Housing Authority and other organizations like Gawad Kalinga, Habitat for Humanity and
other groups can be tapped to complement the LGU program on housing.
In all housing options, payment mode as per approval of the Adhoc Committee as part of the Committee on Lot Awards of the City
Government will be on incremental basis to make the monthly amortization lighter and correspond with the anticipated increase of the family
income.
Furthermore, locations of housing unit options of the different income groups take into account some considerations such as topography and
other environmental factors, provision of basic services, access to transportation and employment opportunities.

Table 24. Affordable Housing Options

Affordable
Option

Low-Rise Building (LRB)

ROWHOUSES
DUPLEX
SINGLE
SINGLE
SINGLE
1
ATTACHED
DETACHED
DETACHED
2
3
4
5
6
Public Rental
Rent-To-Own
(approx.. 50% of 1st
(approx.. 50% of 1st
income group)
income group)
Features Public Rental Housing. Rent-to-Own scheme of a 40 sqm lot area
64 sqm lot area 80 sqm lot area 90 sqm lot area 120 sqm lot area
A 4-storey LRH purely 4-storey LRH; ground
developed land w/c developed land developed land developed land developed land w/c
for residential use.
floor for commercial use; includes concrete
w/c includes
w/c includes
w/c includes
includes concrete
Floor area per unit is 20 2nd to 4th floors for
roads, open drainage,concrete roads, concrete roads, concrete roads, roads, open
sqm. Land cost
residential use. Floor
septic vaults, water open drainage, open drainage, open drainage, drainage, septic
excluded,
area is 27 sqm.
and electrical
septic vaults,
septic vaults, septic vaults,
vaults, water and
Land Devt cost @
estimated at
connections; w/ 18 water and
water and
water and
electrical
P600/sqm, cost of
36 residential units per sq.m. shell row
electrical
electrical
electrical
connections ; w/ 40
housing unit @
bldg.
house estimated at connections; w/ connections; w/ connections ; w/ sqm single
14,000/sqm ., plus 20% Land Devt cost @
22.50 sqm. shell 32.50 sqm single32.50 sqm single detached complete
indirect cost for
P600/sqm, cost of
duplex house attached shell detached
house estimated at
documentation and
housing unit @
estimated at
house estimated complete house
building maintenance. 14,000/sqm ., plus 20%
at
estimated at
indirect cost for
documentation and
P 182,716.20/
P 519,250.74/
Total unit cost
building maintenance.
Unit
P 282,274.05/ P 402,084.14/ unit
P 415,392
Total Unit Cost
Unit
unit
P 561,000/ Unit
(Equity of
P 690,627.28/
Rent can start at P280/ Rent or amortization
P2,339.68)
Unit
month and will be re- starts at P400/ month and
priced every 3 years will be re-priced every 3
(see Annex 4 schedule years (see Annex 4 for
of rent)
schedule of amortization)
Note: Instead of the table above, house design and/or Land development can be shown through illustrations or drawings with descriptions of the type
and level of development that will be introduced. If this is adopted, the table can be part of the annex. If you have to use the table, the illustration can either be
part of the main report or part of the annex, whichever the writer deems best for the report.

Example 2.

52

Fig. 18 shows the perspective of Housing Option 3

which is a developed land with covered canal,
power and water lines, concrete road w/ 18 sqm
single attached core house, with doors & windows,
rough-in for electrical & pluming connection, with
kitchen counter and sink, enclosed toilet and bath
(rough finish, no ceiling, no paint).

Fig. 18. Housing Option 3 Core house

Chapter 5
Assessment of Resources for Shelter Provision
Discuss the resources needed to address the housing need in order to realize the housing vision of the city/municipality. Present also the
resources available for housing that can be tapped or accessed. These resources are in terms of LAND, INFRASTRUCTURE and
FINANCE/FUNDS for housing and its related services. Innovative technologies for housing can also be cited as a resource in case it is used in the
locality and proves to be beneficial to the majority of those needing housing assistance. Then, make a comparison between the resources needed
and available to determine whether resources available are sufficient or inadequate.
Resource Needed for Housing
Land. Discuss the total land needed to address the new housing units that should be produced throughout the duration of the planning
period. Consider not only the homelots, but the open spaces as well.
Elaborate a little on the location, status, price, distance and access to basic services, land classification, terrain and other pertinent aspects
of the inventoried land.
Example 1

53

Land. Lands that are deemed suitable and available for housing have been inventoried. Irrigable and irrigated ricelands and other
lands not allowable and not compatible for residential uses are excluded from the inventory. Listed in Table 30 are the lands identified
as suitable and available based on their actual status, ownership, and the strong possibility of the owners interest to venture into the
housing industry.

Table 30. Lands Available and Suitable for Housing (as of 2013)

OWNER

AREA (HAS.)
22
1
4
5
9.2
3
5
20
2
1
5.0
5.2
12
1.9
96.5

Silay LGU
Silay LGU
Silay LGU
Andrew Corp.
Lacson, Stephen Michael
Javellana, Ma. Victoria
DBP
Gonzaga, Chona
Gonzaga, Paz
Jison, Elisa
Javellana, Ana Maria
Lacson, Stephen Michael, et. al.
Bautista, Benjamin
ALM Group of Farms
TOTAL

LOCATION
Bonbon, Brgy. E. Lopez
Hda. Consolacion, Brgy. Guinhalaran
BLISS, Brgy. Guimbala-on
Hda.Binunga, Brgy. Guinhalaran
Brgy. Bagtic
Had. Guinsang-an,Brgy Hawaiian
M&J, Brgy.5
Hda. Chona, Brgy. Lantad
Hda. Paz, Brgy. Rizal
Brgy. E. Lopez
Guinsang-an, Brgy. Hawaiian
Brgy. Bagtic
Brgy. Guimbala-on
Brgy. Rizal

STATUS
vacant
vacant
Partially occupied
Partially occupied
Vacant
Vacant
vacant
Vacant / sugarcane
Vacant / sugarcane
Vacant / sugar cane
Vacant / sugar cane
Vacant / sugar cane
Vacant / sugar cane
Vacant / sugar cane

Example
Table 31 shows the comparison between the land available and land needed for housing. Based on the affordable
housing options being proposed by the planners (see Table 25 and 26), the land needs totals to 79.84 hectares.
However, the land available at present is only 75.10 hectares. Within the nine-year planning period, the City of Silay will
ensure the availability of about five hectares more in order to augment the lacking land resource.
Table 31. Comparison of Land Available and Land Requirement
TOTAL LAND AVAILABLE (Has.)

TOTAL LAND NEEDED

96.5

79.84 hectares

OWNER
Silay LGU
Silay LGU
Silay LGU
Andrew Corp.
Lacson, Stephen Michael
Javellana, Ma. Victoria
DBP
Gonzaga, Chona
Gonzaga, Paz
Jison, Elisa
Javellana, Ana Maria
Lacson, Stephen Michael, et. al.
Bautista, Benjamin
ALM Group of Farms
TOTAL

AREA (HAS.)
22
1
4
5
9.2
3
5
20
2
1
5.0
5.2
12
1.9
96.5

LOCATION
Bonbon, Brgy. E. Lopez
Hda. Consolacion, Brgy. Guinhalaran
BLISS, Brgy. Guimbala-on
Hda.Binunga, Brgy. Guinhalaran
Brgy. Bagtic
Had. Guinsang-an,Brgy Hawaiian
M&J, Brgy.5
Hda. Chona, Brgy. Lantad
Hda. Paz, Brgy. Rizal
Brgy. E. Lopez
Guinsang-an, Brgy. Hawaiian
Brgy. Bagtic
Brgy. Guimbala-on
Brgy. Rizal

REMARKS
Land is insufficient.

STATUS
Vacant
Vacant
Partially occupied
Partially occupied
Vacant
Vacant
Vacant
Vacant / sugarcane
Vacant / sugarcane
Vacant / sugar cane
Vacant / sugar cane
Vacant / sugar cane
Vacant / sugar cane
Vacant / sugar cane

54

Note: Map of the locations of the inventoried lands would enhance the presentation of information.
Example 2
Table 34 shows that for those households belonging to the first income group (below poverty threshold) 204 hectares are
needed to address their shelter needs. The second income group needs 197 hectares. The total of these two income groups is 401
hectares, which sums up the total land needed for socialized housing (house and lot options not exceeding P450,000.00). Also
shown in the same table is the comparison between the land available and land needed for housing. Based on the affordable
housing options being proposed, the land need totals to 610.50 hectares. However, the land available at present is only 231.94
hectares. As stated in the recently approved Comprehensive Land Use Plan (2013-2022), the city will ensure the availability of more
than the land needed to augment the lacking land resource.
Table 34. Comparison of Land Available and Land Requirement
Total Land Needed (ha.)
1st Income
2nd
3rd 6th
Total Land
Group (below
Income
Income
Available (ha.)
TOTAL
poverty
Group
Groups
threshold)
231.94

610.50

204

209.50

Remarks

Presently, land is sufficient only for the 1st income

group but not sufficient to cater to the needs of all the
targeted households for the next 9 years)

197
(Deficit = 378.56 has.)

Infrastructure Needed and Available for Housing.

Discuss each type of infrastructure or basic service needed and available within the duration of the planning period. Consider
the infrastructure needed for both the new sites as well as for upgrading. These infrastructures include water, power, roads, sanitation,
drainage, and garbage disposal systems, among others. Analyze the need versus the available resources and/ or capacity of the
service provider and eventually conclude whether the resources are sufficient or not. If not sufficient, what will the LGU do to augment
the supply?

55

Example
Infrastructures. This portion attempts to come up with an assessment of the infrastructure and related needs vis--vis the capacity
of the service provider.
Water. Table 16 reveals that the service provider of potable water cannot cope with the demand between 2012 to 2014; but the deficit
is not really that big. However, by 2015 until 2020, the capacity is more than sufficient to address the need.
Table 16. Assessment of Water Need vs capacity of Sagay Water District
YEAR
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020

NEW UNITS SERVED

ANNUALLY
600
600
600
600
600
600
600
600
600

NEW UNITS NEEDED ANNUALLY

New sites
565
565
564
514
514
512
287
286
286

Upgrading sites
80
80
80
80
80
80
-

Remarks

Total
645
645
644
594
594
592
287
287
287

Not sufficient
Not sufficient
Not sufficient
Sufficient
Sufficient
Sufficient
sufficient
sufficient
sufficient

Example
Power. Table 17 presents the need for power versus the capacity of VRESCO, the power provider. The figures show that
the annual capacity of VRESCO is only 400 new connections every year while the need between 2012 to 2017 is over 3,000
connections. To resolve this, the LGU plans to source out additional financial assistance to augment the capacity of VRESCO.
However, by 2018 to 2020, it is estimated that VRESCOs capacity is already sufficient to address the need.
Table 17. Assessment of Power Need vs capacity of VRESCO
BASIC SERVICES
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020

NEW UNITS SERVED NEW UNITS NEEDED ANNUALLY

ANNUALLY
New sites
Upgrading sites
400
565
2,782
400
565
2,782
400
564
2,782
400
514
2,782
400
514
2,782
400
512
2,782
400
287
400
286
400
286
-

Total
3,347
3,347
3,346
3,296
3,296
3,294
287
286
286

Remarks
Not sufficient
Not sufficient
Not sufficient
Not sufficient
Not sufficient
Not sufficient
sufficient
sufficient
sufficient

56

Sanitary Facility. Table 29 shows the need for sanitary facility versus the capacity of the LGU to provide such service. The
figures show that the average capacity of the LGU as per CBMS survey to upgrade and/or provide sanitary facility is good for
1,147 households every year, and the targeted number of households for service provision is, at most, only 633 annually
from 2014 to 2023. This means the LGU is capable to respond to the need for sanitary facility within the scheduled
implementation.

Table 29. Assessment of Need for Sanitary Facility vs Capacity of LGU

NO. OF UNITS NEEDED ANNUALLY
YEAR
SERVICE
CAPACITY
NEW UNITS
Units for
TOTAL
PROVIDE
OF SERVICE
(Refer
to
Table
Upgrading
ANNUAL
R
PROVIDER
17 (Total New
(Refer to
NEED
ANNUALLY
Units
Needed
Table
21.
(No. of HHs
Due to Backlog
Summary of
served)
and Population
Upgrading
Growth)
Needs)
2014
LGU
1,147
None
344
344
(All new units are
with housing
2015
LGU
1,147
530
530
component and
2016
LGU
1,147
520
520
the sanitary
2017
LGU
1,147
556
556
facility is already
2018
LGU
1,147
633
633
included in the
2019
LGU
1,147
600
600
estimated cost of
2020
LGU
1,147
house
2021
LGU
1,147
construction
2022
LGU
1,147
2023
LGU
1,147
TOTAL
11,470
3,183
3,183

REMARKS

Sufficient
Sufficient
Sufficient
Sufficient
Sufficient
Sufficient
Sufficient
Sufficient
Sufficient

57

Roads and Drainage. Table 32 shows the need for road upgrading and road access within the housing sites versus the
capacity of the LGU to provide such service.
As far as the city subdivisions are concerned, the LGU only provides for all weather macadam roads. Using the recent joint
venture project in Brgy. Mahay with the National Housing Authority as basis, being the only resettlement area constructed
with concrete access roads, the figures show that the annual capacity of the LGU to upgrade and/or construct roads and
access roads can only cater to about 294 households. But those in need of this service from 2014 to 2023 ranges from 477
to 1,369 annually.
To address the shortfall, the City will tap external fund sources as well as increase allocation for the construction of roads.
(Note: New Units & Upgrading units computation pls. refer to LSP Worksheet no.2.1, 2.2 & 3)
Table 33. Assessment of Need for Adequate Roads and/or Road Access vs Capacity of LGU
CAPACITY
NO. OF UNITS NEEDED ANNUALLY
YEAR
SERVICE
OF
NEW UNITS
Units for
TOTAL
PROVIDE
SERVICE
(Refer to
Upgrading
ANNUAL
R
PROVIDER
Table 17
(Refer to
NEED
ANNUALLY
REMARKS
(Total New
Table 22.
(No. of
Units Needed
Summary
HHs
Due to
of
served)
Backlog and
Upgrading
Population
Needs)
Growth)
2014
LGU
294
None
702
702
Not Sufficient
2015
LGU
294
1,270
1,270
Not Sufficient
2016
LGU
294 (All new units
1,369
1,369
Not Sufficient
2017
LGU
294 are with land
1,230
1,230
Not Sufficient
2018
LGU
294 development
989
989
Not Sufficient
2019
LGU
294 component and
477
477
Not Sufficient
2020
LGU
294 the roads w/n
Not Sufficient
the project
2021
LGU
294
Not Sufficient
sites are
2022
LGU
294
Not Sufficient
already
2023
LGU
294
Not Sufficient
TOTAL
2,646 included in the
6,037
6,037
estimated cost
land
development)
*Source: NHA & LGU JVA (RAP)

58

Finance Requirements for Housing. Present the financial requirements needed to respond to the
housing need within the planning period. Financial requirements may include the amount needed to acquire
land for housing, put up infrastructures, and develop housing sites. The estimated cost is based on the
Affordable Housing Options and the number of units needed for each income group.
Example
Finance requirements. This portion deals with the financial requirements in putting up the identified housing
options as well as the potential fund sources.
Table 22 below shows that the estimated project cost for all the proposed housing assistance for the period
2012-2020 amounted to P584,212,608.00. The potential sources of funds are the revenue of the city government, the
Provincial Government of Negros Occidental and the Social Housing Finance Corporation, particularly for lot purchase;
the national shelter agencies such as the National Housing Authority and the Pag-IBIG Fund can be tapped to finance the
land development and house construction. There are likewise other fund sources that can be later on identified and
tapped by the City.
Table 22. Estimated Project Cost
Income
No. of Units
Group
First Income Group
Second Income Group
Third Income Group
Fourth Income Group
Fifth Income Group

1,842
819
614
491
327

Cost of Affordable
Housing Option
(P)
64,064.00
89,600.00
159,488.00
334,096.00
400,176.00

Total Cost

TOTAL PROJECT COST

P 584,212,608.00

(P)
118,005,888.00
73,382,400.00
97,925,632.00
164,041,136.00
130,857,552.00

Available Housing Finance. Discuss the various sources of funds/ programs that can be
accessed by the LGU for developing housing project sites for the targeted households. These may be in the
form of grant, loans and other arrangements. Sources of funds include, among others, the following: NHA,
HDMF, SHFC, ODA, WB, ADB, other banks, local appropriations, etc.

59

Potential sources of funds for shelter provision

AGENCY/
ORGANIZATION

NAME OF PROGRAM

COMPONENT
(land dev, house construction,
purchase of land, etc.)

COST
(per year)

NHA

Resettlement Assistance
Program for LGUs

HDMF

Group Housing Loan Program Site devt.

for LGUs
Housing

P20M
P20M

LCMP

Lot purchase

P24M
?

Lot purchase

P4.5M

SHFC
NGO/GK
LGU
Bonds?
Taxes?
DISTRICT HOUSING
FUNDS

Local housing Fund

CISFA (for formal income
earners)
TOTAL

Site Devt.
Upgrading of sites & facilties

P24M
P24M

P116.5M

Make an intelligent assessment of the funding requirement and the available/potential funds. Discuss what
the LGU can do to maximize the use and benefits of these funds. Discuss also possible joint-venture
endeavors with either private developer or other financial institutions. Dont forget to include estate
management in your strategies as it will ensure an efficient cash flow to sustain your programs.

Chapter 6
WORK AND FINANCIAL PLAN
The implementation plan is presented in a tabular form, together with the goals, strategies, activities,
responsible agencies, resources needed (what and how much) and the timetable for each activity.
Example
Table 23 below spells out the details of the Local Shelter Plan in terms of work program and financial plan.
The table shows the programs/projects/activities per strategy identified which are all geared towards the
realization of the various objectives. The table also shows the responsible agencies, the resources that are
needed to implement the plan, the fund sources and the schedule of implementation of each activity. All in all,
the total plan will need _____(amount in words) _______ P _______.

60

Table 23. WORK AND FINANCIAL PLAN, 2014-2022 (excerpt only)

RESOURCES NEEDED
OBJECTIVE

STRATEGY

PROGRAM / PROJECT /
ACTIVITY

RESPONSIBLE
AGENCY

WHAT?

SCHEDULE
HOW MUCH?

FUND

HOW

WHEN?
SOURCE

MANY?
GOAL 1. To provide decent, affordable and disaster risk resilient and climate change adaptive shelter that has adequate facilities towards formation of a livable and
socially responsible residential community.
I.1
To
1.1.
Inventor 1.1.1.
Secure list of potential
SHA
2014
acquire/access/
y of additional
sites from the CPDO and City
develop 70.43
possible available
Assessors Office
hectares of land for
suitable sites
1.1.2.
Perform records or
City Legal Office
2014
housing and
documents analysis of potential SHA
resettlement
sites to establish its legal status CPDO
beginning 2014
in order to come up with a short CAO
until 2022;
list of suitable sites
1.1.3.
Ocular Inspection of
SHA
2014
sites included in the short list to CEO
validate its suitability (terrain,
CHO
road-right-of-way, drainage
CMO
outfall, distance from main lines SICIWA
of basic services, etc.)
CENECO
CAO
CPDO

1.1.4Final Inventory of available

suitable sites

1.2. Acquisition of
suitable lands

1.2.1. Negotiate with land owners

of suitable sites for possible
purchase, donation or jointventure

1.2.2. Acquisition of the land

1.3. Develop the

new sites for
housing (vacant
lands, both newly
acquired and
already owned by
LGU)
1..4
Network
with the private

1.3.1. Design devt

Plans of LGU-owned properties
(detailed engineering plans for
land devt and housing)
1.3.2 Allocate budget to develop the
new sites
1.3.3 Implement development
plan/construction
1.4.1 Make a ready menu of
possible sites and project

SHA
CPDO
CAO
City Housing Bd.
CMO
City Legal Office
CTO
SHA
City Budget Ofc.
CMO
City Legal Office
CTO
SHA
City Budget Ofc

2014

20142018

70.43 has.

P342 M
(cost of
land)
P453
(Land Devt
Cost)

LGU
Foreign
Funding
Private
Developers

CEO

City Budget Ofc

CEO
SHA
CMO
City Legal Office

61

20142018

RESOURCES NEEDED
OBJECTIVE

STRATEGY

PROGRAM / PROJECT /
ACTIVITY

RESPONSIBLE
AGENCY

WHAT?

SCHEDULE
HOW MUCH?

FUND

HOW

WHEN?
SOURCE

MANY?
developers to
access their 20%
socialized
housing
counterpart to
augment the land
and housing
finance resources
of the city

interventions where the private

developers can choose from
their participation and
compliance with Sec. 18 of
R.A. 7279

City Housing Bd
SHA

Chapter 7
MONITORING SCHEME
Identify each key result area that needs to be monitored and evaluated in order to determine
whether the plan is being realized or not.

62

63

ANNEXES
Attach as annex all the necessary documents or materials that may aid
the planners, project evaluators and readers in understanding,
reviewing, monitoring and updating the plan. Annexes may include the
following:

Worksheets
Data from utilities companies/service providers
Maps
Details of Housing Options / House designs (drawings and
detailed description)
Other related documents/materials

REFERENCES/BIBLIOGRAPHY (all references materials used

in making the plan)

GLOSSARY

64

ANNEX 1.

WORKSHEETS
LSP Worksheet

No. 1
LOCATION & NUMBER OF AFFECTED FAMILIES/HHs:
1.

Families/HHs in danger /hazardous areas

Type of Danger/Hazard
(Flood, landslide, etc.)
Flood

Location
Brgy. 1

Road Widening

154

A. Golez
LGU
Gillera
V. Gaston
J. Javellana
Public land
Location

Brgy. Lantad

Road Widening
Brgy. 2
Road Widening
Brgy. 3
3. Those not affected by 1 & 2 but w/ court order for demolition/eviction
Name of HOA

No. of Families/HHs

LGU

Flood
Brgy. 4
Flood
Brgy. 5
Flood
Brgy. Rizal
Sea Level Rise
Brgy. Balaring
Landslide
Brgy. E. Lopez
Landslide
Rgy. Hawaiian
2. Families/HHs to be affected by infrastructure projects
Type of infra project

Land Owner of occupied lot

Location

254
126
404
515
759
1,893

Land Owner of occupied lot

No. of Families/HHs

National govt

909

National govt
National govt

274
20
none

Land Owner of occupied lot

No. of Families/HHs

4. Those not affected by 1,2 & 3 but w/ pending or threats of demolition/eviction

Name of HOA
Guinhalaran HOAI

Location
Land Owner of occupied lot
Brgy. Guinhalaran (LGU has startedLMC Corporation
negotiation with landowner for possible sale of
the property under LCMP)
5. Those not affected by 1,2,3 & 4 and whose land owners are willing to sell property to occupants
Name of HOA

Location

No. of Families/HHs
104

Brgy. 1

Land Owner of occupied lot

LGU

No. of Families/HHs
119

Brgy. Lantad

S. Ledesma

538

Brgy. Balaring

Ramon Margarito

215

Brgy. E. Lopez

CaridadMagbanua

459

Brgy. Mambulac

LGU

San Rafael HOAI

Brgy. 5

Gina Adriano

89

Sunset View HOAI

Brgy. Rizal

Mario Samillano

41

6. Potential for displacement due to climate change

Potential Cause of Displacement

Location

1,145

Land Owner of occupied lot No. of Families/HHs

Sea Level Rise

Brgy. Mambulac

Public land

1,439

Sea Level Rise

Sea Level Rise

Brgy. Guimbalaon
Brgy. Guinhalaran

Public land
Public land

157
1,121

7. Others (pls. specify)

Particulars
Homeless

Location
Various locations w/n City Propoer

Land Owner of occupied lot No. of Families/HHs

Not applicable

28

TOTAL ISFs AND AFFECTED HOUSEHOLDS

10,763

65

ANNEX 2.

M APS

Fig. _____. Base Map

12254'

12255'

12256'

12257'

12258'

12259'

12300'

MUNICIPALITY
OF

12301'

PRESIDENT ROXAS
PROVINCE OF

CAPIZ
REGION VI

1129'

Pinamihagan

W
S

Pandan

1128'

BASE MAP

Sangkal

Quiajo

SC AL E
0

1127'
Pondol

:120,000
2

3 Kilometer s

MUNICIPALITY OF PILAR

Marita

Culilang

Pantalan Hanglid

PR OVIN CE OF CAPIZ

Poblacion
Ibaca

LEGEND:

Cubay

1125'

Ar anguel

Madulano

1126'

Manoling

TO ROXAS CITY

Vizcaya

Sto.Nio

Cabugcabug

Goce

Carmencita

1124'

TO BARANGAY YATING
MUN ICIPALITY OF PILAR

ROAD NETWORK
RIVERS & CREEKS
BARANGAY BOUNDARY
PROVINCIAL BOUNDARY
MUNICIPAL BOUNDARY

Badiangon

1123'

Bayuyan

PREPA RE D BY:
THE MUNIC IPA L P LANNING A ND
DEVELOPM ENT OFFICE
PRES. ROXA S, CA PIZ

MUNICIPALITY OF PONTEVEDRA
1122'

PR OVIN CE OF CAPIZ

MUNICIPALITY OF SARA
PR OVIN CE OF ILOILO

DAT A SO URCE :
MUN ICIPA L LA ND INFO RM A TION REG IS TER M AP , DE NR Region VI
MUN ICIPA L A SSE SSO R'S O FFICE, P RE S. R OXA S, CA P IZ
MUN ICIPA L E NGIN EER'S O FFICE, P RE S. R OXA S, CA P IZ

66

Fig. _____. General Land Use Map

MUNICIPALITY
OF

PRESIDENT ROXAS
PROVINCE OF

CAPIZ
REGION VI
N

E
S

GENERAL LAND USE MAP

S CA L E

1:150,000

3 Kilometers

LEGEND:

Tourist Spot
Buffer Strip
Forest
Industrial
Socialized Housing
Cemetery
Institutional
Built-up
Dumpsite
CARP Area
Fishpond
Road Network
Administrative Boundary

67

Fig. ___. Location of Informal Settlers in Urban Areas Map

LEGEND12300

1120
LOW
TO
MODERATE SUSCEPTIBILITY
HIGH
SUSCEPTIBILITY
TO
FLOODING
LOW
LANDSLIDE
MODERATE
HIGHSUSCEPTIBILITY
SUSCEPTIBILITY
TO
LANDSLIDE
RASTER
DATASUSCEPTIBILITY
SOURCE: TO
TOLANDSLIDE
FLOODING
TO
Mines
and Geosciences Bureau
DENR, 2011
VECTOR DATA SOURCE:
Mun. Planning & Development Office
President Roxas, Capiz

68

MUNICIPALITY
OF

PRESIDENT ROXAS
PROVINCE OF

CAPIZ
REGION VI
N

Pinamihagan

S
LOCATION MAP
OF INFORMAL
SETTLERS IN URBAN AREAS

Pandan

SC AL E

Sangkal

Quia jo

:120,000

3 Kilometers

Aranguel

MUNICIPALITY OF PILAR

Madulano Pondol

PROVINCE OF CAPIZ

Marita

Culilang

PantalaHangli
n V&d V&VV&&V&V&

Ibaca

V&V&V&

Cubay

Poblacio n

TO ROXAS CITY

Manolin g

V&

Sto.Nio

Vizcaya

LEGEND

Goce

INFORMAL SETTLERS

TO BARANGAY YATING
MUNICIPALITY OF PILAR

Cabugcabug

PROVINCIAL BOUNDARY
MUNICIPAL BOUNDARY
ROAD NETWORK
RIVERS & CREEKS
MUNICIPAL AREA

Carmencita

Badiangon
Bayuyan

MUNICIPALITY OF PONTEVEDRA
PROVINCE OF CAPIZ

MUNICIPALITY OF SARA
PROVINCE OF ILOILO

69

Fig. ___. Location Map of Households in Danger Areas

70

MUNICIPALITY
OF

PRESIDENT ROXAS

CAPIZ
REGION VI
N

E
S

LOCATION MAP OF
HOUSEHOLDS IN DANGER AREAS

Pinamihagan
Pandan

SC AL E

1:120,000

Sangkal
Quiajo

Aranguel
Madulano

Pondol

Marita

V&
V&
V&

PantalanHanglid

LEGEND

Culilang

V&

V&

Ibaca

V&

Cubay

Pobla cion

Manoling

Sto.Nio

Vizcaya

Goce

V&

Cabugcabug
Carmencita

Badia ngon

V&

V&

HOUSEHOLDS IN
LANDSLIDE-PRONE AREAS

V& HOUSEHOLDS IN WATERWAYS

PROVINCIAL BOUNDARY
MUNICIPAL BOUNDARY
ROAD NETWORK
RIVERS & CREEKS
MUNICIPAL AREA

V&
Bayuyan

Fig. ___. Location Map of Proposed Socialized Housing

71

MUNICIPALITY
OF

PRESIDENT ROXAS

CAPIZ
REGION VI
N

S
LOCATION MAP
OF PROPOSED
SOCIALIZED HOUSING

Pinamihagan

SC AL E

Pandan
0

:120,000
2

3 Kilometers

Sangkal
Quiajo

MUNICIPALITY OF PILAR

Aranguel

PROVINCE OF CAPIZ

Madulano Pondol
Marita

Culi lang

Hangli d
Pantalan

Ibaca

LEGEND

TO ROXAS CITY

Cubay

Poblacion

Manoli ng
TO BARANGAY YATING
MUNICIPALITY OF PILAR

Sto.Nio

Vizcaya

Goce
Cabugcabug

PROPOSED SOCIALIZED
HOUSING SITE
PROVINCIAL BOUNDARY
MUNICIPAL BOUNDARY
ROAD NETWORK
RIVERS & CREEKS

Carmencita

MUNICIPAL AREA

Badiangon
Bayuyan

MUNICIPALITY OF PONTEVEDRA
PROVINCE OF CAPIZ

MUNICIPALITY OF SARA
PROVINCE OF ILOILO

72

ANNEX 3. HOUSE DESIGNS

73

Fig. __. Rowhouse Perspective

Fig. ___. Rowhouse Plan

74

75

OPTION 3 SINGLE DETACHED HOUSING II

Fig. __. Single Detached Housing II Plan

76

Bibliography and References

People most of the time do not think that there is any difference between
bibliography and references. They often mistake the two to be the same.
However, they are different and used in different contexts with each essay or
article or book.
Bibliography is listing all the materials that have been consulted while writing
an essay or a book. References, on the other hand, are those that have been
referenced in your article or book.
You might have consulted a lot of books, essays and websites for writing
something. Though you might have referred to these while preparing a write
up, the content of these might not have been included in the actual text. This
is what refers to bibliography. References are those that are directly included
in your actual text.
While references are cited directly in the text, bibliography is not cited
directly in the text. While references can be used to support your statement
or argument, a bibliography does not have such roles. As such references are
used for establishing something in a more authoritative way. Readers could
refer your references and evaluate the correctness of your statement.
Meanwhile, bibliography does not support your argument but you only refer
them in a personal way.
A
bibliography
will
contain
all
research
materials,
including
books, magazines, periodicals, websites and scientific papers, which you
have referred. References contain source of material like quotes or texts,
which has been actually used when writing an essay or book.
Both bibliography and references appear at the end of the document, but
bibliography comes AFTER the reference list. A bibliography may contain all
those that have appeared in the reference list but may also contain additional
works.
Both bibliography and references are arranged alphabetically,
however, a reference list can also be arranged in NUMERIC style,
meaning arranging the references according to the numbers in the
text.

77

While writing a bibliography, you should have to include the authors last and
first name, year of publication, name of the book, publication place and name
of publishers. On the other hand, a reference page can be called as a
footnote where the writer just writes the book or website and the year of
publication or the date when he/she looked at the website.

Examples OF BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
Best, John W., and James V. Kahn. Research in Education. 6th ed. Englewood Cliffs, New
Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc., 1989.
____________________________. The Language Issue in Education. Quezon City:
Congressional Oversight Committee on Education, 1994.
UNPUBLISHED WORKS
Gomez, Jesse M. Vocational Guidance in High School and Employment Characteristics
of Selected Career People. Unpublished Masters Thesis, Northwestern Visayas
Colleges, Kalibo, Aklan, March 1995.
Note: Inverted indention

Example of References in Alphabetical Order

Bisita Sa Pamilya Database, President Roxas, Capiz, 2007
Comprehensive Land Use Plan, Municipality of President Roxas, Capiz 2001-2010
Census of Population & Housing, NSO, 2007
Census of Population & Housing, NSO, 2010
Family Income & Expenditure Survey, NSO 2009
Inventory of Informal Settlers, M
SWDO-President Roxas, Capiz, 2011
Inventory of Roads & Bridges, MEO, 2011
Inventory of Water Service Connections, PRWD, 2011
78

National Households Targeting System, DSWD, 2009

Number of Electrical Service Connections by Barangay, CAPELCO, 2011
Percentage Distribution of Total Family Expenditure by Major Expenditure Group, NSCB
2009
Revised IRR, Batas Pambansa Blg. 220
Republic Act 7279 (Urban Development & Housing Act of 1992)
Small Area Poverty Estimates, NSCB, 2009

Glossary
GLOSSARY
Adaptation
Adaptation is the adjustment in natural or human systems in response to
actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or
exploits beneficial opportunities.
Affordability
The potential amount of income that could be made available for housing
investment after excluding basic necessities such as food, clothing,
education, medical expenses, transportation, income tax and recurrent costs
of housing (electricity, water, garbage disposal).
Backlog
Backlog is thenumber of dwelling units needed at the beginning of the
planning period due to doubled-up HHs, displaced units and homeless
HHs/individuals
Displaced units (relocation need)
Units located a) in danger areas such as esteros, railroad tracks, garbage
dumps, river banks and flood prone areas or households/individuals living in
public places such as sidewalks, roads, parks, play grounds, b) in areas where
government infrastructure projects are to be implemented, and c) in areas
where there is a court order for eviction and demolition.
Base Year
Base year is the year before the first planning period or the last census year

79

Capacity
Capacity is combination of all strengths and resources available within a
community, society or organization that can reduce the level of risk, or
effects of a disaster. Capacity may include infrastructure and physical means,
institutions, societal coping abilities, as well as human knowledge, skills and
collective attributes such as social relationships, leadership and
management. Capacity may also be described as capability.
Climate Change
Climate Change is a change in climate that can be identified by changes in
the mean and/or variability of its properties and that persists for an extended
period typically decades or longer, whether due to natural variability or as a
result of human activity.
Disaster
Disaster is a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society
involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and
impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to
cope using its own resources. Disasters are often described as a result of the
combination of: the exposure to a hazard; the conditions of vulnerability that
are present; and insufficient capacity or measures to reduce or cope with the
potential negative consequences. Disaster impacts may include loss of life,
injury, disease and ther negative effects on human, physical, mental and
social well-being, together with damage to property, destruction of assets,
loss of services, social and economic disruption and environmental
degradation.
Disaster Mitigation
Disaster Mitigation is the lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of
hazards and related disasters. Mitigation measures encompass engineering
techniques and hazard-resistant construction as well as improved
environmental policies and public awareness.
Disaster Prevention
Disaster Prevention is the outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards
and related disasters. It expresses the concept and intention to completely
avoid potential adverse impacts through action taken in advance such as
construction of dams or embankments that eliminate flood risks, land-use
regulations that do not permit any settlement in high-risk zones, and seismic
engineering designs that ensure the survival and function of a critical building
in any likely earthquake.
Disaster Risk Reduction

80

Disaster Risk Reduction is the concept and practice of reducing disaster risks
through systematic efforts to analyze and manage the causal factors of
disasters, including through reduced exposures to hazards, lessened
vulnerability of people and property, wise management of land and the
environment, and improved preparedness for adverse events.
Doubled-up households
Also known as double occupancy and exists when one dwelling unit is shared
by two or more households
Exposure
Exposure is the degree to which the elements at risk are likely to experience
hazard events of different magnitudes.
Hazard
Hazard is a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition
that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage,
loss of livelihood and services, social and economic disruption, or
environmental damage.
Future Need
Future need refers to the number of new dwelling units needed to supply the
demand of new household formed due to population increase.
Homeless
Homeless are the individuals or households living in parks, along sidewalks,
and all those without any form of shelter
Household
A household as defined by NSO is a social unit consisting of a person or a
group of person who sleep in the same dwelling unit and have common
arrangement for the preparation and consumption of food.
Housing Stock
Housing stock is the number of occupied dwelling units at the beginning of
the 1st planning period. It can be computed as the number of households
during the beginning of the first planning period minus the number of
homeless households and/or individuals, and divide the difference by the
number of households per dwelling unit.

81

Local Shelter Plan

A local shelter plan is a document which includes an analysis of the present
local housing situation, i.e., the identification of housing problems, upgrading
and future housing needs, households affordability and local resources such
as land, provision of basic services and finance. After analysis and
comparison of the available resources and needs, the LGU formulates the
main shelter strategies. An implementation plan will complete the local
shelter plan.
Planning Period
Planning period covers the duration that will be needed to realize the housing
vision of the LGU.
Program Period
Program period is the time frame set by the LGU to meet the target housing
needs due to backlog, population growth and upgrading needs.
Resilience
Resilience is the ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards
to resist, absorb, accommodate and recover from the effects of a hazard in a
timely and efficient manner, including through the preservation and
restoration of its essential basic structures and functions.
Shelter needs
Shelter needs are 1.) the new housing units needed (lot, basic services and
dwelling unit) and 2.) the upgrading needs (either land tenure, some of basic
services, or structural improvement of unit or combinations of these).
Shelter strategy
A shelter strategy is a plan of action which defines the objectives for the
development of shelter conditions; identifies the resources available to meet
the objectives and the means by which they can be used most costeffectively. It also sets out the responsibilities and time frame for implanting
the various measures.

Upgrading Need
Upgrading need is defined as the need for improving land tenure status, e.g.,
provision of minimum security of tenure as in a written contract to
possessing a title to the land; access to basic services, e.g., macadam road

82

to paved road; and house condition, e.g., from a semi-permanent structure to

a permanent one.
Vulnerability
Vulnerability is the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system
or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard.
Vulnerability may arise from various physical, social, economic, and
environmental factors such as poor design and construction of buildings,
inadequate protection of assets, lack of public information and awareness,
limited official recognition of risks and preparedness measures, and disregard
for wise environmental management.

LIST OF ACRONYMS

CC VAA

o
o

CENECO
CISFA

o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o

CHO
CLUP
DENR
DPWH
FIES
GK
HDMF
HH
HUDCC
IRA
ISF
LCE
LCMP
LGU
LSP

Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptability

Assessment
Central Negros Cooperative
Comprehensive and Integrated Shelter and Financing
Act
City Health Office
Comprehensive Land Use Plan
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Department of Public Works and Highways
Family Income and Expenditure Survey
GawadKalinga
Home Development Mutual Fund
- Household
Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council
Internal Revenue Allotment
Informal Settler Families
Local Chief Executive
Local Community Mortgage Program
Local Government Unit
Local Shelter Plan

83

o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o

NHA
NGA
NGO
NOSET
NSO
PPA
SICIWA
SHFC

National Housing Authority

Non- Government Agencies
Non-Government Organizations
- Negros Occidental Social and Economic Trends
National Statistics Office
Programs, Projects and Activities
Silay City Water District
- Social Housing Finance Corporation

84