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Polyurethane
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UREFLEX&ELADIP
>Table of contents
> GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT POLYURETHANE ELASTOMERS
> SYNTHESIS OF A POLYURETHANE ELASTOMER
> A. Prepolymer technique

> B. One-shot technique
> C. Quasi-prepolymer technique
5
5
5
> RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES

> A. Glycol option
> B. Diisocyanate option
> C. Chain extender option
6
6
7
> OPERATION
> A. Manual operation

> B. Using a low-pressure casting machine
> C. Projection
> DESIGNING MOULDED PARTS
8
8
8
> A. Moulding methods

> B. Shrinkage
> C. Casting of a master mould
> D. Bonding
> E. Machining
9
10
10
10
10
> THE DIFFERENT UREFLEX AND ELADIP FAMILIES

> A. Hardness scale
> B. Presentation
> C. Properties of UREFLEX and ELADIP compared with other polymers
> D. Mechanical characteristics
> E. A few applications of UREFLEX and ELADIP
> GLOSSARY
11
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12
14
16
20
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55, av. de la Dportation > BP 280 > 26106 Romans cedex > www.exsto.com
> General information about polyurethane elastomers

Polyurethane elastomers are synthetic polymers that have a very special place in the wide-ranging
family of rubbers and plastics. This is because:
Range of Hardness
> They can be as flexible as a gel or as hard as a standard plastic material, offering
every potential degree of hardness of a rubber
Flexibility
> Their general properties almost always place them ahead of the materials with
which they tend to be in competition.
Performance
> It is almost always possible to develop polyurethane to meet whatever specific demands
may be placed upon an elastomer by technical specifications.
Unlike thermoplastic materials, whose properties are already established by the pellet stage and
whose shape is changed by the combined action of temperature and pressure, thermosetting substances acquire their properties in the reaction site, namely the mould, under the influence of the
temperature permitting or activating that reaction.
Polyurethane elastomers exist simultaneously in both the thermoplastic and the thermosetting categories.
While it is generally accepted that thermoplastic polyurethanes
should be referred to by the term TPU, whenever we need to refer to
a thermosetting polyurethane elastomer in abbreviated form, we
shall use the generic abbreviation PUR.
Whether they are thermoplastic or thermosetting substances, polyurethanes share the feature that
their macromolecule contains a certain number of urethane functions obtained through reactions
between isocyanate and alcohol functions.
-N=C=O
Isocyanate
O
HOAlcohol
- NH - C - O Urethane
PURs are macromolecules comprising alternating flexible and rigid segments that are grouped into
fields, creating a product that is even better because those fields will be quite distinct.
Tl +33 4 75 72 72 72 > Fax +33 4 75 72 26 11 > e-mail : info@exsto.com
UREFLEX&ELADIP
> Synthesis of a polyurethane elastomer
There are several ways of making a PUR, notably:

> By using a prepolymer
> By using a quasi-prepolymer
> A. Prepolymer technique
The PUR is obtained through copolymerization between a prepolymer and a chain extender. In general, both have two reactive functions. The prepolymer itself is obtained through a reaction between a
glycol with a high molecular weight and a diisocyanate.
The final reaction leading to the elastomer may take place with components at a temperature of between 20 and 120, depending on the circumstances. In general, hot cast systems have higher properties than products made at room temperature.
DIISOCYANATE
PREPOLYMER
PUR
GLYCOL
CHAIN EXTENDER
FORMULATION
CASTING
> B. One-shot technique

When using a one-shot system, you simultaneously blend: diisocyanate, base glycol and the chain
extender, if required. Catalysis must be carefully calculated so as to avoid excessive copolymerization
between the diisocyanate and the chain extender. If you select liquid components, you can easily use
this technique for work on site.
> C. Quasi-prepolymer technique

This is an intermediate technique between the two above: you synthesise a prepolymer using less
polyol than in a traditional prepolymer. Then you combine the rest of the polyol with the chain extender during casting.
The advantages of quasi-prepolymer systems are: their viscosity, their pot life and the option to
simultaneously provide the substances with a very wide hardness range if you use them with appropriate casting machines.
DIISOCYANATE
QUASI-PREPOLYMER
GLYCOL
PUR
GLYCOL
CHAIN EXTENDER
FORMULATION
CASTING
UREFLEX&ELADIP
> Relationship between Structure and Properties
The variety of basic chemical components that can be used allows for an infinite number of combinations. While, in general, all PURs have good overall
characteristics, some of them have special properties that are outstanding.
> A. Glycol option

This will constitute the flexible segment of the PUR. The two families used most often are:
Polyethers: These give the elastomer good resistance to hydrolysis, good elasticity
at low temperatures, good resilience over a wide temperature range and good
resistance to micro-organisms.
Polyesters: These give the PUR good tear strength and good resistance to oils and
solvents.
> B. Diisocyanate option

Among the various products on the market, two are used most frequently:
Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and methyl-diphenyl-diisocyanate (MDI).
Other types of isocyanate allow for the synthesis of special PURs, particularly so as to offer
resistance to high temperatures or UV.
To improve high temperature.
For highly dynamic application.
The (HDMI) for transparency and UV
resistance.
In general, they cost 5 to 20 times
more than TDI or MDI.
These compounds, for high
performance can be processed
by EXSTO.
UREFLEX&ELADIP
> Relationship between Structure and Properties
> C. Chain extender option

The chain extender is either an amine or an alcohol. For TDI prepolymers, methylene-bis-ortho-chloroaniline (MBOCA) is almost always used, except when seeking a low hardness rating. With MDI,
butanediol 1.4 (BDO) is the glycol used most often. Combinations between polyethers, polyesters,
TDI and MDI produce four large PUR families, each with its own special qualities.
We have just seen that the nature of the base glycol, the diisocyanate or even the chain extender has
a heavy influence on the properties of the elastomer. Yet, looking beyond the polyether or polyester
structure of the base glycol and the aromatic or aliphatic character of the diisocyanate, many other
factors are also important, such as:
The molecular weight of the polyol, which influences end product hardness;
The stoichiometry of the different reactions acting on the degree of cross-linking of the
polymer and thus on the compression set or dynamic properties;
The nature of the catalysts, reaction temperature etc.
The main thing to remember is

that there is such a wide range
of options that it will always be
prudent to consult us about specific usage so that we can guide
you as to the most suitable PUR
for the application envisaged.
For example, you cannot use TDIMBOCA systems in the nuclear
industry as they contain a halogen; you cannot allow contact between amineextended systems and foodstuffs etc.
UREFLEX&ELADIP
> Operation
> A. Manual operation

Component
N 1
Plexiglass
Component
N 1
Component
N 2
Vacuum bell-jar
Blend OK
for casting
Component
N 2
Vacuum treatment
WEIGHING
BLENDING
DEGASSING
CASTING
The first phase of casting a PUR is to degas the components, after they have been heated to the recommended
temperatures. You then need to blend those components to the ratios indicated by the formulator and then transfer
the mix into a mould.
After a few minutes, or maybe a few hours depending upon the circumstances, the PUR can be removed from the
mould. It then needs to be hardened at a temperature of about 100C for a few hours in order to acquire its definitive
properties.
> B. Using a low-pressure casting machine

The pumps bring the
components to the
head of the machine,
where they are mixed in
the correct proportions
without any air getting
in.
Naturally, using a machine
has many advantages over a manual operation:
time savings and consistency of product quality. In
certain circumstances, using a machine is inevitable
(parts with large dimensions, very short response
time, moulding at source etc.).
> C. Projection
Some formulations can be sprayed. Using this
process doesnt use moulds.
Application thickness ranges from 0.5 mm to a
few centimeters.
This process uses high pressure machines.
UREFLEX&ELADIP
> Designing moulded parts
> A. Moulding methods
> 1. Open moulding

The mould must be filled quickly after the liquid
reaction mix has been made. The simplest and most
frequently used means of achieving this is to allow
for an opening in the upper part of the mould that is
sufficiently big to allow a potentially quite viscous
liquid to flow through.
This opening, which will constitute the sprue of the
part after polymerization, will generally correspond to
the thickness of the mould. It will have to be removed
from the moulded part by means of a mechanical
operation.
> 2. Moulding at source

In certain cases, where returning to machine the
moulded part is awkward to achieve, the moulding
can be made at source. This method will avoid the
formation of air bubbles that are hard to remove
when using open moulding. In this case, you need
access to a casting machine equipped with pressure
regulators. Provision will be made for an air vent at
the highest point of the mould.
> 3. Centrifugation
When previous moulding techniques cant be used, rotational moulding can be done (vertically or horizontally)
This method is very good to avoid air bubbles.
> 4. Rotational casting

or ribbon flow
This process allows the coating of a roll without using
a mould.
This is done by using a specific machine and PU
components.
Ureflex PU and machines are available.
UREFLEX&ELADIP
> Designing moulded parts
> B. Shrinkage
During the polymerization reaction, a contraction by volume takes place and you need to allow for a
shrinkage factor of around 2% when making moulds.
Naturally, this shrinkage is influenced by numerous factors associated with the shape of the part, the
presence of inserts, the nature of the PUR system, its reactivity, its production temperature etc. This is
taken into account when designing the tooling.
> C. Casting of a master mould

Although isocyanates naturally allow for good adhesion on most media, we use
special (primary) products, a thin layer of which is applied to the medium so as
to allow us to achieve tear strength ratings that are often higher than the break
resistance of the elastomer itself.
The adhesion value on steel as measured according to the quadruple
shear method (ISO 1827) comes out at between 15 and 25 MPa.
> D. Bonding
Although casting from a master mould is the most
widely used process, in certain circumstances you
can make an insert/PUR assembly by bonding. The
two faces to be bonded must have been prepared in
advance.
The adhesives generally used are of the epoxy type
(structural bonding) or of polyurethane (flexible bonding interface).
> E. Machining
Standard machining techniques (turning, milling,
grinding etc.) can be used on polyurethanes, but
while those with the highest levels of hardness can
be machined like most plastic materials, at levels
below 90 Shore A quite specific techniques are
often required.
Certain techniques, such as water jet cutting are
particularly well suited to substances that have a
low hardness rating.
10
UREFLEX&ELADIP
> The different Ureflex and Eladip Families
> A. Hardness scale

The Shore hardness principle involves measuring the dent made by a special indenter
applied to the material under specific conditions.
The force of application and the indenter vary depending on whether you are dealing
with flexible plastics or elastomers (Shore A method) or hard, rigid plastics (Shore D
method).
SHORE A
SHORE D
ROCKWELL R
150
MATERIALS
Phenolics
140
130
120
85
110
80
100
70
90
98
60
70
95
50
50
90
40
80
30
70
Acrylics
Polycarbonate
Nylon
Polystyrene
Polypropylene
Rubber
PUR
60
50
40
30
20
10
00
Scales are quoted for information only.
11
UREFLEX&ELADIP
> B. Presentation
EXSTO offers a very wide range of elastomers. Some of their properties are more or less identical, but others may vary considerably
Here we are only presenting standard products. These are made frequently or continuously in
our workshop, guaranteeing short delivery times. We are able to make products that have
specific properties (exceptional resistance to hydrolysis, flames or high temperatures etc.).
The tables below record the main differences between the UREFLEX and ELADIP series.
> UREFLEX and ELADIP prepolymer systems available

Series
Nature
Characteristics
U and E
TDI-Polyether-AMINE
Good static and dynamic properties
TDI-Polyester-AMINE
Excellent static and dynamic properties
SM
TDI-Polyester-diols
Low hardness
Good resistance to inks and solvents
E508
TDI-Polyester-diols
Excellent depreciation at room temperature
MDI-Polyether-ALCOOL
Excellent wet abrasion resistance

Very high resilience
Low resistance to wheel movement
MDI-Polyester-ALCOOL
Very high abrasion resistance

Good dynamic and fatigue properties
M950
TDI-Polyester-AMINE
Excellent dynamic properties
> UREFLEX One-Shot systems available

Serie
Nature
QM
MDI-Polyether
Characteristics
Very low hardness, 0 to 20 Shore A
> UREFLEX quasi-prepolymer systems available

Series
Nature
Characteristics
TM
MDI-Polyether-ALCOOL
Excellent hydrolysis and wet abrasion

resistance
MDI-Polyester-ALCOOL
Excellent dry abrasion and fatigue resistance

and tear strength
12
UREFLEX&ELADIP
SERIES
U/E
Base
TM
TDI-polyether MDI-polyester MDI-polyester MDI-polyether MDI-polyether

Amine
Alcohol
Alcohol
Alcohol
Alcohol
80A - 80 D
30 - 90A
80 - 95A
75 - 90A
60 - 95A
Hydrolysis resistance 20C
Resistance to micro-organisms
Tear strength with nick
Compression set
Resilience*
A+
Dynamic behaviour
Hardness range
Resistance to chemical products at 20C

Acids and weak bases
Acids and strong bases
Aliphatic hydrocarbons
Aromatic hydrocarbons
Oxygenated solvents
Chlorinated solvents
SM
QM
SERIES
Base
Hardness range
E508 M950
TDI-polyester TDI-polyester MDI-polyether MDI-polyester MDI-polyester

Amine
Alcohol
Alcohol
Alcohol
Amine
65 90A
20 - 58A
0 - 20A
58A
95A
Resistance to micro-organisms
Tear strength with nick
Compression set
A+
Resilience*
Dynamic behaviour
A+
Resistance to chemical products at 20C

Acids and weak bases
Acids and strong bases
Aliphatic hydrocarbons
Aromatic hydrocarbons
Oxygenated solvents
A+ = Exceptional - A = Very good - B = Good - C = Passable - D = Mediocre - E = Poor

* Poor resilience = Very good absorption
13
UREFLEX&ELADIP
> C. Properties of UREFLEX and ELADIP compared with other polymers
Thermoplastic (TP) or thermosetting (TS)
Chlorosulpho
nated polyethylene (CSM
) - HYPALON
Fluorocarbon
elastomers
(FPM) - VITON
(1) Rockwell M : F = 100 kg ball = 6,35

E : F = 100 kg ball = 3,18
R : F = 60 kg ball = 12,7
(2) Carbon black for rubbers
Glass fibre for plastics
(3) Without stabilisers
Polyacrylics (A
CM)
C = Passable
D = Mediocre
E = Poor
Natural rubber
/ polyisopropylene ru
bber (NR/IR)
Styrene-butad
iene (SBR)
Acrylic nitrile
butadiene
(NBR)
Polychloropr
ene (CR)
NEOPRENE
CO / Ethylene pr
opy
terpolymer (EPM lene
/EPDM)
Isobutylene-is
oprene (IIR)
BUTYL
A+ = Exceptional
A = Very good
B = Good
TD
TD
TD
TD
TD
TD
TD
TD
TD
0,93
0,94
1,0
1,23
0,86
0,91
1,1
1,1 - 1,3
1.85
30-100A
40 - 95A
40 - 95A
40 - 90A
40 - 90A
40 - 90A
55 - 90A
45 - 95A
55 - 90A
Stress at break: MPa

Pure product
Reinforced product (2)
28
9-31
21
7 - 28
23
7 - 17
21
7 - 21
E
> 21
21
7 - 17
10
10
17
> 21
> 14
> 14
Elongation at break: %
Pure product
800
< 600
700
500
800
< 600
800
< 700
> 500
500
> 1000
< 800
400
100
700
< 500
100 -250
100 -350
Resilience at room temperature
Elastic recovery after deformation
B-C
B-C
Abrasion resistance
Continuous heat resistance temperature

Pure product
+ 80
+ 90
+ 120
+ 110
- 20
+ 130
175
+125
+ 250
Minimum temperature for use: C
- 55
- 45
- 30
- 50
- 50
- 50
- 30
- 30
Fire resistance
Electrical resistivity
Ageing resistance (oxygen, ozone, light) (3)
Resistance to fluids at room temperature

Mineral oils
Aliphatic solvents
Aromatic solvents
Ketones
Water/diluted bases/non-oxid. diluted acids
Non-oxidising strong acids
Oxidising strong acids
E
E
E
C
E
B
C
E
E
E
E
C
E
B
C
E
A
A
C
E
C
B
C
E
B
B
D
D
D
B
C
D
E
E
C
C
E
A
A
C
D
E
C
B
A
A+
A+
C
B
B
E
E
D
C
C
E
C
B
D
C
E
B
A+
C
A
A
A
E
A
A
A
A
Gas permeability
A+
Specific gravity
Hardness (1)
Shore
Blackwell
+ 125
14
10 - 85A
10 - 80A
32 - 90A
75 - 95A
TP
TP
TP
1,17-1,22 1,05-1,25 1,05-1,25 1,13-1,89 0,9 - 1,1 1,02-1,14
40 - 63D 75A -75D
1,42
1,2
TP
1,0 - 1,7 1,07-1,55
Fluoroplasti
cs
(PFE/PCTFE/P
FEP)
40-90A
TP
Polymides (PI)
0,95
TP
Unsaturated
polyesters
(UP)
1,27-1,36
Polyepoxides
(EP)
0,96
Polycarbonat
es (PC)
1,2
TP
Polyacetals (P
DM)
1,34
TP
Polyamides (P
A)
TD
TP
Polyolefins (P
E/PP)
TP
Polyvinyl chlo
ride (PVC)
TD
UREFLEX & E
LADIP
TD
Polynorbonen
e
NORSOREX
TD
Silicones (Q)
TD
Polysulphide
(T)
Epichlorhydr
ins
Ethylene Vinyl
Acetate
(EVA)
Copolyether/
copolyester
elastomers HYTREL
Thermoplasti
c polyurethanes (TPE)
UREFLEX&ELADIP
TP
TP
1,4
1,7 - 2,3
0 - 85D
50 - 80D
78-112R 54R-65M 66R-100M 120R-94M 115R-90M 80 -100M 80-115M 40E-125M
E
3,5 - 10
E
2 - 10
< 200
< 150
< 200
< 150
23
7 - 18
7 - 24
> 1000
< 400
10 - 23
+ 100
+ 250
+ 75
+ 125
- 20
- 90
- 45
- 30
A
A
A
B
A
D
D
E
D
E
E
D
E
A
C
E
20 - 50
4 - 80
75
7 - 65
30 - 75
34 - 108
43 - 185
70
150
36 - 75
90
3,5 - 92
40 - 470
6 - 90
26 -350
74 -100
26 -350
10 - 46
7 - 25
4 - 450
7,8
10 -1200
2-5
10 - 380
2,5 - 15
15 - 75
7
10 -120
3,5
5 - 70
1-2
1 - 25
2- 8
0,5 - 1
100 - 450
A+
B-C
B-C
80 - 110
55 - 65
85 - 120
120
60 -120
60 -120
75 - 100
135
145
0 - 55
700 - 900 500 - 800 300 - 700 100 - 900
E
D
40 - 45
A+ - E
C-D
B-C
A+ - C
50
260
120 - 280
150
- 70
- 50
- 40 - 80
- 40
- 50
- 30
- 40
D-E
D-E
C-E
B-D
A-C
A-C
D
E
A
A
A
C
E
C
B
C
E
A
A
C
C
E
C
D
E
A
B
D
E
E
B
E
E
A
B
C
D
D
B
E
E
A
D
E
D
D
B
C
D
A
B
C
A
D
A
B
D
A
A
A
B
D
D
E
E
A
B
B
C
D
D
E
E
A
C
D
D
E
C
E
E
A
A
A
D
A
A
B
C
A
A
B
B
B
A
C
D
B
C
D
A+
- 80
B
E
E
E
E
E
- 40
150 - 280
260
- 200
A
A
A+
A
A
A
A
A
B
A
B
A
A
A
A
15
UREFLEX&ELADIP
> D. Mechanical characteristics
Series U and E
colour
U 42
E 420
U 100
E 100
U 167
E 167
U 200
E 200
U 250
E 250
U 315
E 315
U 480
E 480
Trans.
red
Trans.
green
brown
blue
turquoise
blue
beige
beige
Trans.
brown
99
70
99
75
99
80
99
85
99
78
99
82
E 625
Hardness at 20
ISO 868
ISO 868
Shore A
Shore D
80
90
95
97
60
Hardness at -5
ISO 868
ISO 868
Shore A
Shore D
82
91
96
98
64
Hardness at +80
ISO 868
ISO 868
Shore A
Shore D
80
90
95
96
50
57
98
62
98
67
99
79
Stress at 10%
ISO 37
MPa
1,8
23,7
27,0
43,0
69,4
Stress at 100%
ISO 37
MPa
45,9
60,8
Stress at 200%
ISO 37
MPa
Stress at 300%
ISO 37
MPa
Tensile strength
ISO 37
MPa
Elongation at break
ISO 37
Tear strength
without nick
ISO 34-1
Tear strength
with nick
3,7
6,1
10,5
3,5
7,1
12,1
18,8
32,5
34,9
4,7
10,0
18,8
29,0
40,6
47,3
6,7
14,8
34,0
47,6
27,7
38,5
41,6
45,5
48,0
50,8
51,0
61,7
513
419
325
291
263
216
151
88
KN/m
62,2
86,5
98,2
120,1
185,6
181,3
208,6
NA
ISO 34-1
KN/m
20,3
29,9
44,6
72,2
122,5
125,8
170,7
NA
Resilience
DIN 53512
63
46
39
36
43
38
36
37
Abrasion loss
DIN 53516
mm3
82
56
63
62
62
75
139
150
ISO 815
27
30
28
33
40
44
55
NA
1,04
1,1
1,13
1,16
1,18
1,21
1,23
1,22
Compression
set
Specific gravity
ISO 1183
g/cm
R Series
colour
R 300
R 400
R 500
R 600
R 700
R 800
R 900
yellow
red
blue
yellow
turquoise
yellow
yellow
Hardness at 20
ISO 868
ISO 868
Shore A
Shore D
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Hardness at -5
ISO 868
ISO 868
Shore A
Shore D
35
45
55
74
85
92
97,5
Hardness at +80
ISO 868
ISO 868
Shore A
Shore D
20
29
38
57
65
74
86
ISO 37
MPa
0,19
0,24
0,34
0,50
0,80
1,35
2,80
Stress at 10%
Stress at 100%
ISO 37
MPa
0,72
0,93
1,30
1,87
2,95
4,60
7,60
Stress at 200%
ISO 37
MPa
1,09
1,36
1,87
2,60
4,30
6,75
10,80
Stress at 300%
ISO 37
MPa
1,52
1,87
2,55
3,50
5,90
9,50
15,20
Tensile strength
ISO 37
MPa
10,2
13,3
11,9
25
31,6
34,3
38,9
Elongation at break
ISO 37
780
750
690
600
550
510
480
Tear strength
without nick
ISO 34-1
KN/m
22,7
26,3
30,03
44,5
58,2
75,4
101
Tear strength
with nick
ISO 34-1
KN/m
7,1
7,3
8,1
11
14,5
19,4
38,1
DIN 53512
58
61
62
54
51
41
28
ISO 4649
mm3
66
62
53
40
36
33
36
ISO 815
41,2
34,6
34,6
36,5
30,1
24,7
20,8
1,17
1,18
1,18
1,21
1,22
1,22
1,23
Resilience
Abrasion loss
Compression
set
Specific gravity
16
UREFLEX&ELADIP

A Series
colour
A75
A80
A85
A90
A 96
brown
brown
brown
brown
red
Hardness at 20
ISO 868
ISO 868
Shore A
Shore D
75
80
85
90
95
Hardness at -5
ISO 868
ISO 868
Shore A
Shore D
78
82
88
91
96
ISO 868
ISO 868
Shore A
Shore D
71
77
81
86
92
Hardness at +80
Stress at 10%
ISO 37
MPa
1,1
1,5
2,2
2,9
6,3
Stress at 100%
ISO 37
MPa
3,2
4,1
5,0
6,3
14,0
Stress at 200%
ISO 37
MPa
4,4
5,7
6,8
8,5
21,0
Stress at 300%
ISO 37
MPa
5,9
7,9
9,5
11,8
30,0
Tensile strength
ISO 37
MPa
30,9
38,8
38,6
42,7
57,0
Elongation at break
ISO 37
519
501
506
511
520
ISO 34-1
KN/m
73,3
87,2
88,7
104,6
178,0
Tear strength
without nick
Tear strength
with nick
ISO 34-1
KN/m
27,9
34,3
34,5
43,8
116,0
Resilience
DIN 53512
60,0
58,0
52,4
49,2
25,0
Abrasion loss
DIN 53516
mm3
28,0
47,0
45,0
44,6
36,0
ISO 815
28,9
23,8
23,3
20,0
33,0
ISO 1183
g/cm3
1,2
1,21
1,21
1,22
1,23
Compression
set
Specific gravity
T Series
colour
T 800
T 900
white
white
Hardness at 20
ISO 868
ISO 868
Shore A
Shore D
80
90
Hardness at -5
ISO 868
ISO 868
Shore A
Shore D
80
91
Hardness at +80
ISO 868
ISO 868
Shore A
Shore D
80
90
Stress at 10%
ISO 37
MPa
1,4
2,7
Stress at 100%
ISO 37
MPa
4,2
6,7
Stress at 200%
ISO 37
MPa
6,0
9,8
Stress at 300%
ISO 37
MPa
8,9
14,2
Tensile strength
ISO 37
MPa
28,4
28,7
Elongation at break
ISO 37
478
437
Tear strength
without nick
ISO 34-1
KN/m
76,3
93,3
Tear strength
with nick
ISO 34-1
KN/m
20,1
26,3
Resilience
DIN 53512
70,5
63,3
Abrasion loss
DIN 53516
mm3
41,0
46,7
Compression
set
ISO 815
33,1
18,3
Specific gravity
ISO 1183
g/cm3
1,07
1,08
17
UREFLEX&ELADIP

TM Series
TM 360
TM 370
colour
TM 380
TM 390
TM 395
Orange
Hardness at 20
ISO 868
ISO 868
Shore A
Shore D
60
70
80
90
95
Hardness at -5
ISO 868
ISO 868
Shore A
Shore D
63
70
91
90
95
Hardness at +80
ISO 868
ISO 868
Shore A
Shore D
55
66
78
89
92
Stress at 10%
ISO 37
MPa
0,4
0,8
1,6
3,7
5,2
Stress at 100%
ISO 37
MPa
1,5
2,5
4,8
8,4
11,7
Stress at 200%
ISO 37
MPa
1,9
3,6
7,3
12,1
17,4
Stress at 300%
ISO 37
MPa
2,5
5,6
11,4
19,7
27,0
Tensile strength
ISO 37
MPa
16,1
13,4
30,4
32,0
34,1
Elongation at break
ISO 37
548
423
434
350
346
ISO 34-1
KN/m
35,0
44,9
74,5
95,5
103,0
Tear strength
without nick
Tear strength
with nick
ISO 34-1
KN/m
10,0
11,9
16,5
33,9
46,1
Resilience
DIN 53512
71,0
73,0
65,0
39,0
39,0
Abrasion loss
DIN 53516
mm3
55,0
50,0
45,0
45,0
46,0
Compression
set
ISO 815
12,0
11,7
18,2
20,5
16,4
Specific gravity
ISO 1183
g/cm3
1,05
1,06
1,09
1,12
1,14
S 690
E 508
M 950
beige
translucent
translucent
97
S,E and M Series

colour
Hardness at 20
ISO 868
ISO 868
Shore A
Shore D
91
58
Hardness at -5
ISO 868
ISO 868
Shore A
Shore D
92
95
Hardness at +80
ISO 868
ISO 868
Shore A
Shore D
88
50
95,5
Stress at 10%
ISO 37
MPa
4,3
0,4
6,0
Stress at 100%
ISO 37
MPa
7,4
1,6
11,0
Stress at 200%
ISO 37
MPa
10,6
2,3
12,5
Stress at 300%
ISO 37
MPa
16,8
3,3
16,5
Tensile strength
ISO 37
MPa
49,1
31,5
54,0
Elongation at break
ISO 37
444
496
529
Tear strength
without nick
ISO 34-1
KN/m
105,3
34,6
144,1
Tear strength
with nick
ISO 34-1
KN/m
41,4
9,3
65,2
Resilience
DIN 53512
23
11
45
Abrasion loss
DIN 53516
mm3
81,3
89,0
70
37,30
Compression
set
ISO 815
18,7
2,0
Specific gravity
ISO 1183
g/cm3
1,28
1,19
18
UREFLEX&ELADIP

SM Series
SM 20
SM 30
SM 40
SM 50
SM 58
black
black
black
black
black
Hardness at 20
ISO 868
ISO 868
Shore A
Shore D
20
30
40
50
58
Hardness at -5
ISO 868
ISO 868
Shore A
Shore D
22
31
42
52
60
Hardness at +80
ISO 868
ISO 868
Shore A
Shore D
23
33
43
52
61
Stress at 10%
ISO 37
MPa
0,1
0,15
0,22
0,43
0,55
Stress at 100%
ISO 37
MPa
0,4
0,6
1,1
1,5
2,0
Stress at 200%
ISO 37
MPa
0,7
1,0
1,7
2,3
3,1
colour
Stress at 300%
ISO 37
MPa
0,9
1,5
2,6
3,4
4,7
Tensile strength
ISO 37
MPa
3,5
12,0
15,2
17,7
28,6
Elongation at break
ISO 37
500
501
444
420
400
Tear strength
without nick
ISO 34-1
KN/m
12,0
18,0
23,7
30,3
39,5
Tear strength
with nick
ISO 34-1
KN/m
2,1
3,1
3,9
4,9
5,3
Resilience
DIN 53512
Abrasion loss
DIN 53516
mm3
Compression
set
ISO 815
Specific gravity
ISI 1183
g/cm
QM Series
colour
51,0
56,0
53,0
46,0
36,0
21,0
26,0
1,0
1,2
1,0
0,5
0,4
1,19
1,19
1,21
1,21
1,22
QM 00
QM 05
QM 10
QM 20
amber
amber
amber
amber
Hardness at 20
ISO 868
ISO 868
Shore A
Shore D
10
20
Hardness at -5
ISO 868
ISO 868
Shore A
Shore D
Hardness at +80
ISO 868
ISO 868
Shore A
Shore D
Stress at 10%
ISO 37
Stress at 100%
ISO 37
MPa
Stress at 200%
ISO 37
MPa
Stress at 300%
ISO 37
MPa
Tensile strength
ISO 37
MPa
Elongation at break
ISO 37
Tear strength
without nick
ISO 34-1
KN/m
Tear strength
with nick
ISO 34-1
KN/m
Resilience
DIN 53512
Abrasion loss
DIN 53516
mm
0,05
Specific gravity
g/cm3
UNMESURABLE
UN MESURABLE
UNMESURABLE
UNMESURABLE
ISO 815
ISO 1183
UNMESURABLE
Compression
set
UNMESURABLE
0,3
1,02
1,02
0,4
/
1,0
250
2,5
1,0
38,0
/
7,0
1,02
1,02
19
UREFLEX&ELADIP
> E. A few applications of UREFLEX and ELADIP
Series
> AERONAUTICS
> Blade leading edges

> Pipe expanding parts
> Press cauls/membranes
> AGRICULTURE
> Scrapers
> AUTOMOTIVE
> Screw bearings

> Installation parts
> Container parts
> Special silent blocks
> Springs/strippers/Stamping dies
> Robot parts
> Damper plates
> CONSTRUCTION
> PUBLIC WORKS
U/E R
TM S SM QM M
E1
Special
formulations
E6
E3
> OFFICE
AUTOMATION
> WOOD
> Drive rollers

> Guide
> Cutting counterparts

> Wheel/guide/cylinder trim
> CHEMICALS
> Anti-corrosion coating
> CEMENT
> Mixer skids
> ELECTRONICS
> Cladding
> Connectors
> Trim for bearings, guides, wheels & rollers

> Suction pads
> Grip/tightness membranes
E4
> FLUIDS
> Valve/shutter seat

> Pump rotors and trim
> Pipe coatings
E5
> PRINTING
> Roller coatings

> Cutting counterparts
> Coatings for bearings/rollers/wheels/spools

> Conveyor belts
> Robot parts
> PACKAGING
> Lift runners

> Attaching gun parts
> Escalator rollers
> Jack hammer guards
> Rock-breaker shocks
> HANDLING
E2
> Springs
> Drawing rollers
> Measuring wheels
> MARINE
> Vibro-acoustic parts
> MECH. ENG.
> Couplings
> Springs/strippers/stamping & cutting dies
> Tribofinishing equipment trim
> Sanding wheels
> Drive parts
> End stops
> Misc. couplings
> Mallets
> Bellows
> Dust collectors

> Anti-abrasion coatings
> Scrapers
> PLASTICS
> MINES
QUARRIES
> NUCLEAR
> Shock absorbers

> Battery separators
> Anti-pollution coatings
> OFFSHORE
> Roller coatings

> Shock absorbers, stiffeners & Bend restrictors E7
> Caterpillar track parts
> PAPER
PRODUCTS
> Roller coatings

> Dust collectors
> TEXTILE
> Guide and roller coatings
20
> Glossary
E1
E2
ADDITIVE - Component added to the

polyurethane, generally added in small
quantity to modify targeted properties.
For example: colouring, anti-static enhancement
DEMOULDING AGENT - Lubricant used to
facilitate the demoulding of the PU components during the casting process.
CHEMICAL LENGTHENER - A component (or
a mix of components) which bonds macromolecules and helps the polymerization.
E3
CATALYST - Ingredient which accelerates the

chemical reaction when added in small
quantity. This ingredient is not consumed
during the chemical reaction.
CHARGE - Solid substance dispersed in a
polymer mix. Usually introduced in a mix for
targeted results: reduce cost, enhance properties or modify density.
E4
DYE - Additive to modify the polymer colour.

CURE (POST-CURE) - Process where the
components are submitted to elevated temperature to complete the polymerization
reaction. The curing process is usually required to obtain optimum material properties.
E5
ISOCYANATE - Chemical ingredient containing isocyanate sequence (-N=C=O)

MDI - Acronym for 4, 4' diphenylmethane
diisocyanate
E6
CASTING - Process of making a component

by filling-up a mould cavity with liquid polyurethane.
MOULD - Cavity or structure used to make a
component of a specific shape.
PLASTICIZER - Additive used to reduce the

polyurethane hardness. Typically used to
reach a hardness below 60 shA.
POLYESTER - Polymer containing ester.
POLYETHER - Polymer containing ether.
POLYMERIZATION - Reaction which from
monomers links together, the reaction is called macromolecules. Applied to polyurethane, it is the reaction between a pre-polymer and a lengthener.
POLYOL - Substance containing numerous
hydroxyle (-OH). The diol and triol respectively contains 2, 3 groups.
POT LIFE - Amount of time available to
work the material starting from the initial
mix of the components until the polymer
solidifies.
PRE-POLYMER - Substance created from
the reaction of an isocyanate with a polyol.
PRIMER - Substance applied in thin coat to
the inserts to achieve strong bonding to the
polyurethane.
SHRINKAGE - Volume contraction of the
polyurethane during the polymerization.
Typical shrinkage is 2%.
STOICHIOMETRY - Ratio between the hydroxyl sequence and the isocyanate sequence
in a reactive mix.
NCO LEVEL - Quantity of free NCO (not
reacted) in a polymer measured as a % of
the weight. This value is used to determine
the correct ratio between the different components of the polyurethane system.
TDI - Tolune diisocyanate
E7
NCO - An isocyanate sequence. This designation refers to the atoms of Nitrogen,

Carbon and Oxygen contained in the
sequence.
THERMOSET - Polymer which cannot be

melted or formed by reheating.
THERMOPLASTIC - Polymer which can be
melted and formed numerous times using
heat.
21
UREFLEX&ELADIP
> Notes
22
E X STO i n t h e w o r l d
EXSTO UK
London
Melksham
Paris
EXSTO
Romans
Beijing
BLUESPRING
JUNENGDA
Jinan
EXSTO Asia
Hong-kong
Brasilia
EXSTO Brasil
Sao-Paulo
Headquarter
Subsidiaries
ZI > 55, avenue de la Dportation > BP 280 > 26106 ROMANS Cedex > FRANCE
Tl +33 4 75 72 72 72 > Fax commercial +33 4 75 72 26 11
e-mail : info@exsto.com > www.exsto.com

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> GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT POLYURETHANE ELASTOMERS

> SYNTHESIS OF A POLYURETHANE ELASTOMER

> A. Prepolymer technique

> RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES

> A. Manual operation

> DESIGNING MOULDED PARTS

> A. Moulding methods

> THE DIFFERENT UREFLEX AND ELADIP FAMILIES

> General information about polyurethane elastomers

Tl +33 4 75 72 72 72 > Fax +33 4 75 72 26 11 > e-mail : info@exsto.com

> Synthesis of a polyurethane elastomer

There are several ways of making a PUR, notably:

> B. One-shot technique

> C. Quasi-prepolymer technique

> Relationship between Structure and Properties

> A. Glycol option

> B. Diisocyanate option

Tl +33 4 75 72 72 72 > Fax +33 4 75 72 26 11 > e-mail : info@exsto.com

> Relationship between Structure and Properties

> C. Chain extender option

The nature of the catalysts, reaction temperature etc.

The main thing to remember is

> A. Manual operation

> B. Using a low-pressure casting machine

Tl +33 4 75 72 72 72 > Fax +33 4 75 72 26 11 > e-mail : info@exsto.com

> Designing moulded parts

> A. Moulding methods

> 1. Open moulding

> 2. Moulding at source

> 4. Rotational casting

> Designing moulded parts

> C. Casting of a master mould

Tl +33 4 75 72 72 72 > Fax +33 4 75 72 26 11 > e-mail : info@exsto.com

> The different Ureflex and Eladip Families

> A. Hardness scale

> The different Ureflex and Eladip Families

> UREFLEX and ELADIP prepolymer systems available

Good static and dynamic properties

Excellent static and dynamic properties

Excellent depreciation at room temperature

Excellent wet abrasion resistance

Very high abrasion resistance

Excellent dynamic properties

> UREFLEX One-Shot systems available

> UREFLEX quasi-prepolymer systems available

Excellent hydrolysis and wet abrasion

Excellent dry abrasion and fatigue resistance

Tl +33 4 75 72 72 72 > Fax +33 4 75 72 26 11 > e-mail : info@exsto.com

> The different Ureflex and Eladip Families

TDI-polyether MDI-polyester MDI-polyester MDI-polyether MDI-polyether

Hydrolysis resistance 20C

Hydrolysis resistance 80C

Tear strength with nick

Resistance to chemical products at 20C

Acids and strong bases

TDI-polyester TDI-polyester MDI-polyether MDI-polyester MDI-polyester

Hydrolysis resistance 20C

Hydrolysis resistance 80C

Tear strength with nick

Resistance to chemical products at 20C

Acids and strong bases

A+ = Exceptional - A = Very good - B = Good - C = Passable - D = Mediocre - E = Poor