Lower 6 Annual Teaching Plan for Physics

Topic Subtopic Objectives Week Notes

A. Mechanics 1. Physical
quantities & units
1.1 Basic a) list basic quantities like mass(kg), length(m),
quantities and SI time(s), current(A), temperature(K), and quantity of
units matter(mol), and write their SI units
b) show awareness of the existence and importance of
international and national standard of measurements
c) deduce units for derived quantities if the definitions
are given
1.2 Dimensions d) list dimensions of basic quantities and determine
of physical dimensions of derived quantities
quantities e) check and construct equations by using dimension
analysis
1.3 Scalars and f) define scalar and vector quantities and quote
vectors examples
g) know the operations for the sum of vectors
(examples on coplanar vectors)
h) resolve a vector to two perpendicular components
1.4 Errors i) show awareness that every measurement has errors
j) know the differences between systematic errors and
random errors
k) write derived data to an appropriate number of
significant figures
2. Kinematics
and dynamics
2.1 Rectilinear a) define displacement, speed, velocity, and
motion acceleration
2.2 Motion with b) derive and use equations of motion with constant
constant acceleration
acceleration c) sketch and use the graphs of displacement-time,
velocity-time, and acceleration-time for the motion of a
body
2.3 Projection d) solve problems on projection without air resistance
e) understand qualitatively the effects of air resistance
on the motion of bodies in air
2.4 Newton’s f) state Newton’s laws of motion
laws of motion g) understand that a body has inertia
d (v ) d ( m)
h) use the formula F = m or v
dt dt
i) state the principle of conservation of momentum and
2.5 Conservation show the conservation of momentum by means of
of momentum Newton’s law of motion
j) define impulse as ∫Fdt and show awareness that
impulse is equivalent to the change of momentum
2.6 Elastic and k) distinguish between elastic collisions and non-
non-elastic elastic collisions
collisions l) solve problems regarding linear collisions between
particles
3. Work, energy,
and power  
3.1 Work a) define work done by a force, dW = F .ds
b) calculate work from a graph of force versus
displacement
 c) calculate work done in certain situations, including
work done by a gas which is expanding against a
constant external pressure
1 2
3.2 Potential d) use the formula: kinetic energy = mv
2
energy e) derive and use the formula: potential energy change
3.3 Kinetic = mgh, near the Earth’s surface
energy f) solve questions regarding the interchange between
3.4 Conservation kinetic energy and potential energy
of energy g) use the principle of conservation of energy in
situations involving change in forms of energy
3.5 Power h) define power
i) derive and use the formula P = Fv
3.6 Efficiency j) understand the concept of efficiency of systems and
the consequences of heat dissipation
4. Circular
motion
4.1 Uniform a) describe circular motion using the terms of angular
circular motion displacement, speed, angular velocity, and period
4.2 Centripetal b) understand that uniform circular motion has an
acceleration acceleration that is caused by the change in direction
of velocity
4.3 Centripetal c) understand that circular motion is due to the action
force of a resultant force that is always directed to the centre
of the circle
2π
d) use the formulae v = rω , ω =
T
v2
e) derive and use the formulae a = , a = rω 2
r
f) analyse examples of circular motion
5. Rotation of
rigid body
5.1 Kinematics of a) understand the concept of angular acceleration
rotation b) use equations of kinematics of rotation with uniform
angular acceleration
5.2 Centre of c) define the centre of mass and determine the centre
mass of mass for a system of coplanar particles
d) understand the situation where a rigid body can
show translational motion, rotational motion, or
translational motion with rotation
5.3 Moment of e) explain the physical significance of moment of
inertia inertia and give its definition
f) define torque, τ = r × F , and use the formula
dω
τ =I
dt
g) derive an expression for rotational kinetic energy of
a rigid body
h) define angular momentum and use the formula
5.4 Angular L = Iω
momentum
i) use the principle of conservation of angular
5.5 Conservation
momentum
of angular
j) understand the motion of a sphere/cylinder which is
momentum
rolling down an inclined plane
5.6 Rotation
kinetic energy
6. Statics
6.1 Equilibrium a) state the conditions for equilibrium of particles
of particles b) sketch and label the forces which act on a body by
means of a vector diagram
6.2 Closed c) sketch the triangle of forces or the polygon of forces
polygon to represent forces in equilibrium
d) understand a couple as a pair of forces tending to
rotation only
6.3 Equilibrium e) state the conditions for equilibrium of a rigid body
of rigid bodies f) understand that the action of frictional forces
6.4 Frictional maintains a body in equilibrium
forces g) understand that the frictional force is a force which
has a maximum value of μR
7. Gravitation
7.1 Newton’s law a) state and use Newton’s law of universal gravitation,
of universal GMm
gravitation F=
r2
b) define gravitational field strength as a force of
7.2 Gravitational gravity per unit mass
field strength
GM
c) derive and use the equation g = for a
r2
gravitational field
7.3 Gravitational d) define the potential at a point in a gravitational field
potential GM
e) derive and use the formula V = −
7.4 Relationship r
between g and GMm
G f) use the formula for potential energy, U = −
r
g) understand that U = mgh is a special case for
GMm
U =− for situations near the Earth’s surface
r
dV
h) use the relationship g = −
dr
i) explain graphically the variations of gravitational field
strength and gravitational potential with distance from
the Earth
j) solve problems regarding the motion of a body in
circular orbit in a gravitational field
7.5 Satellite k) understand the concept of weightlessness
motion in circular l) derive and use the equation v e = 2 gr for escape
orbits velocity
7.6 Escape
velocity
8. Simple
harmonic motion
8.1 a) define simple harmonic motion by means of the
Characteristics equation a = −ω 2 x
of simple b) understand the equation x = x 0 sin ωt as a solution
harmonic motion
of a = −ω 2 x
8.2 Kinematics of
simple harmonic c) derive and use the equation for velocity in terms of
motion x
8.3 Energy in d) derive and use the expressions for kinetic energy
simple harmonic and potential energy
motion e) describe graphically the variation in displacement,
velocity, acceleration, kinetic energy, and potential
 energy
8.4 Systems in f) derive and use expressions for the period of
simple harmonic oscillation for linear motion such as spring-mass and
motion angular motion such as simple pendulum
g) analyse examples of simple harmonic motion
9. Oscillations
9.1 Free a) describe the changes in amplitude and energy for a
oscillations damped oscillating system
9.2 Damped b) distinguish between under damping, critical
oscillations damping, and overdamping
9.3 Forced c) distinguish between free oscillations and forced
oscillations oscillations
d) describe graphically the variation in amplitude of
9.4 Resonance forced vibrations with forced frequencies
and damping e) state the conditions for resonance to occur
B. Waves 10. Wave motion
10.1 Waves and a) explain how waves are formed and give examples
energy of waves
b) understand the relationship between waves and
energy
c) define displacement, amplitude, frequency, period,
wavelength, and wavefront
10.2 Progressive d) interpret and use the progressive wave equation,
waves y = a sin( ωt − kx ) or y = a cos( ωt − kx )
e) sketch and interpret the displacement-time graph
and the displacement-distance graph
2π
f) use the formula φ =
λ
g) derive and use the relationship v = fλ
h) define intensity and use the relationship I ∝ a 2
10.3 Wave
i) use the variation of intensity with distance of a point
intensity
source
j) explain the principle of superposition
k) use the principle of superposition to explain the
10.4 Principle of
formation of standing waves
superposition
l) derive and interpret the standing wave equation
10.5 Standing
m) distinguish between progressive waves and
waves
standing waves
10.6 Longitudinal
n) understand the properties of longitudinal waves and
waves and
transverse waves and give examples of these waves
tranverse waves
11. Sound waves
11.1 Propagation a) understand sound as a form of longitudinal wave
of sound waves b) understand the propagation of sound waves in
terms of pressure variation and displacement
c) interpret the equations for displacement,
y = y 0 sin( ωt − kx ) , and pressure,
π
p = p 0 sin( ωt − kx + )
2
d) describe quantitatively the formation of standing
waves along stretched strings and use the formula for
the frequency of the sound waves produced
11.2 Sources of
e) describe quantitatively the formation of standing
sound
waves in air columns and use the formula for
frequency including the determination of end
correction
 f) understand quantitatively the production of sound
waves by vibrating membranes
11.3 Intensity of g) use dB to define the levels of intensity
sound h) use the principle of superposition to explain the
11.4 Beat formation of beats
i) use the formula for beat frequency, f = f 1 − f 2
11.5 Doppler j) describe quantitatively the Doppler effect for sound
effect and use the derived formulae
C. Properties of 12. States of
Matter matter
12.1 Solid, liquid, a) distinguish between solids, liquids, and gases
and gas based on the arrangement of atoms and with the use
of simple kinetic theory model
12.2 Crystalline b) explain the properties of crystalline solids with
solids reference to examples
12.3 c) interpret and use the F-r graph
Intermolecular d) understand the relationship between Hooke’s law
force curve and the F-r graph
12.4 Potential e) interpret and use the U-r graph
energy curve f) use the U-r graph to explain the expansion of solids
when heated
13. Deformation
of solids
13.1 Stress and a) define stress and strain for a stretched wire or
strain elastic string
13.2 Force- b) sketch and interpret force-extension graphs and
extension graphs stress-strain graphs
and stress-strain c) distinguish between elastic deformation and plastic
graphs deformation
d) distinguish the shapes of force-extension graphs for
ductile, brittle, and polymeric materials
13.3 Young e) define the Young modulus
modulus f) describe an experiment to determine the Young
modulus of a metal in the form of a wire
g) derive and use the formula for strain energy
13.4 Strain h) calculate strain energy from force-extension graphs
energy or stress-strain graphs
D. 14. Kinetic
Termodynamics theory of gases
14.1 Ideal gas a) understand the concept of Avogadro number 1 c/f to
equation b) use the equation of ideal gas, pV = nRT 2004
c) know the relationship between Boltzmann constant
and gas constant
14.2 Kinetic d) use assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases to
theory of gases derive the equation for pressure exerted by an ideal
14.3 Pressure of
1 1
a gas gas, p = ρ < c2 > or p = n m< c2 >
3 3
e) derive expressions for translational kinetic energy
14.4 Molecular f) show that molecular kinetic energy is directly
kinetic energy proportional to the thermodynamic temperature of the
gas
14.5 Rms speed g) derive and use the formula for rms speed
of molecules
14.6 Degrees of
freedom 3k T
< c2 > = for gas molecules
m
h) define the degree of freedom
i) identify the number of degrees of freedom for
molecules of a monoatomic, diatomic, and polyatomic
14.7 Law of gas
equipartition of j) explain the variation in the number of degrees of
energy freedom for molecules of a diatomic gas ranging from
14.8 Internal very low temperatures to very high temperatures
energy of an k) explain the law of equipartition of energy
ideal gas l) distinguish between an ideal gas and a real gas
14.9 Distribution m) understand the concept of internal energy of an
of molecular ideal gas
speeds n) know the relationship between internal energy and a
single degree of freedom
o) sketch graphs to show the distribution of speeds of
molecules and explain the shape of the graph
p) predict the variation of molecular speed distribution
with temperature
15.
Thermodynamics
of gases
15.1 Heat a) define heat capacity, specific heat capacity, and 2 Sports
capacity molar heat capacity week
b) use the equations Q = C∆θ , Q = mc ∆θ , on wk
Q = nC V , m ∆θ 4
c) understand that cp and cv depend on the degrees of
freedom
d) derive and use the equation for work done by a gas
15.2 Work
during expansion, W = ∫ pdV
e) understand and use the first law of
15.3 First law of thermodynamics, Q = ∆U + ∆W
thermodynamics f) understand the concept of internal energy from the
15.4 Internal first law of thermodynamics
energy g) derive and use the equation C p , m −CV , m = R
cp
h) know that γ =
cV
i) understand the isothermal process of a gas
15.5 Isothermal j) use the equation pV = constant for isothermal 5
change changes
k) understand the adiabatic process of a gas
15.6 Adiabatic l) use the equations pV γ = constant and TV γ −1 =
change constant for adiabatic changes
m) illustrate isothermal change and adiabatic change
with p-V graphs and by means of the first law of
thermodynamics
n) derive and use the expression for work done in the
thermodynamic process
16. Thermal
conduction
16.1 Thermal a) explain the mechanism of heat conduction through 6
conductivity solids and hence distinguish between conduction
through metals and non-metals
 b) define thermal conductivity
Q θ − θ1
c) use the equation = kA 2 for heat
t x
conduction in one dimension
d) describe quantitatively heat conduction through
composite rods of different materials
e) describe quantitatively heat conduction through rods
16.2
which are not insulated
Determination of
f) understand the principle of determination of thermal
thermal
conductivity for good conductors and poor conductors
conductivity