ADHD

Attention Deficit /
Hyperactivity Disorder
Facts and Figures
 ADHD
is a neurobiological
disorder affecting
children and leads to
inattention,
impulsivity and
hyperactivity
 ADHD

These

Symptoms
are present in
everybody
but in
varying severity
 Impulsivity

ADHD
Inattention Hyperactivity
These symptoms are
predominant
among individuals
with ADHD
 Often forgetful
in daily
activities
ADHD

Symptoms Often doesn’t

Quickly loses
interest
of listen when
spoken to
inattention directly

Often has difficulty

sustaining
attention in tasks
or play activities
 Talks
excessively

ADHD

Often fidgets Difficulty

with hands and Symptoms of engaging in
leisure activities
feet or squirms hyperactivity quietly
in seats

Often runs about or

climbs excessively in
inappropriate places
 Difficulty in
Attracted to repressing
high risk what they
behavior have to say ADHD

Fearless Symptoms Hard time in

because
doesn’t think
of waiting for
his/her turn
or worry about impulsivity
consequences

Difficulty in
Answers
raising hand and
waiting to be without
Can’t wait thinking
called on or delay his/
her task
 Poor
organizational
skills
ADHD

Needs instant
Secondary Poor social
skills
gratification Symptoms

Easily over
stimulated
Low self-esteem
 Probable causes of ADHD

Heredity
This is the most common
cause - 80% of cases

Acquired
Neurological Deficit
injury to the developing brain
during pregnancy, delivery or
postnatal
Prevalence
United States
2- 18%

Latest Study
8%
 Worldwide Prevalence

China
6.1 – 8.9%
India
5.2 – 29%

Australia
Brazil 7.5 – 8.8%
5.8%
New
Zealand
6.7%
Holland
Canada
Germany
1.8 – 3.8%
4.2%
1.1 – 8.9 %
Prevalence in Saudi Arabia
KKUH Elementary Schools
Riyadh 12.6% Dammam 16.7%
Dr Jamal Al Hamed’s Eastern
Region study
!  Conducted on 1278 pupils in 77 elementary
schools
!  Prevalence: 16.7%
!  Date: 1999-2001
!  ADDES rating scale

Elementary School
Students
Dammam 16.7%

!  Egypt public health 2008 (3-4): 165- 82

!  Bahrain Medical Bulletin vol 30, No2, Jan 2008
Study conducted in King Khalid
University Hospital
!  199 Children (82% Saudi)
!  Prevalence: 12.6%
!  Date: 1993
!  DSM III Scale

KKUH Study
Riyadh 12.6%

!  Saudi Med J 1996: 17 (1): 36- 41

Prevalence in Arab States

Qatar UAE
• 11.1% • 14.9%

• Medical Principle and Practice • Nordic Journal of Psychiatry

2008, 17: 440-446 volume 53. Number 6, 13 Dec
1999
 For a correct diagnosis
all the following conditions must be met

It should have a Symptoms must

negative impact be observed in
in different two different
aspects settings (home,
of their life school, work etc)

The symptoms must

be present for more Symptoms must
than six months and be present
not be the result of
an emotional, before age
psychiatric or
medical condition
7
Diagnosis
 Treatment
There is no quick fix or cure for ADHD

However a multimodal approach of

medical, psycho-social, and educational
interventions has the greatest
effectiveness in treatment of ADHD
symptoms