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0315397
Ee Xin Hua
0314089
0313466
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0313737
0314224
PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
Content
1.0 Introduction
1.1
1.2
1.3
Selection Criteria
1.4
Measured Drawings
1.4.1 First Floor Plan
1.4.2 Ground Floor Plan
Literature Review
2.1.1 Architecture Acoustics
2.1.2 Sound Pressure Level
2.1.3 Reverberation Time
2.1.4 Issues of Acoustic System Design
2.1.5 Acoustic Design for Caf
2.2
Precedent Study
2.2.1 Acoustic Music Caf, August Wilson Centre
2.2.2 Introduction
2.2.3 Function
2.2.4 Sound Transmission Class (STC)
2.2.5 Conclusion
2.3
PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
2.4
2.3.4.1
2.3.4.2
Reverberation Time
2.3.4.3
2.5
2.6
Materials
2.7
2.7.1.2
Reverberation Time
2.7.2.2
Reverberation Time
2.7.3.2
Reverberation Time
2.8
Literature Review
3.1.1 Importance of Light in Architecture
PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
3.2
Precedent Study
3.2.1 Lighting The Art Room, W.D. Richards Elementary School
3.2.2 Introduction
3.2.3 Design
3.2.4 Methodology and Data Collection
3.2.5 Conclusion
3.3
3.4
3.3.3.1.1
3.3.3.1.2
Lumen Method
3.4.1.2
3.4.1.3
3.4.2.2
Materials
3.4.3.2
Lighting Sources
3.4.3.3
3.4.3.4
3.4.3.5
PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
3.4.3.6
3.4.3.7
3.4.3.8
3.4.3.9
3.4.3.10
3.4.3.11
4.0 Conclusion
4.1 References
PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Aim and Objective
The aim and objective of conducting this study is to understand and explore on day
lighting, artificial lighting requirement and performances as well as acoustic
performances and requirement of a specific space. In order to analyse the quality of
the lighting and acoustic of the chosen space, the characteristics and function of day
lighting, artificial lighting and acoustic of the intended space has to be determined.
Thorough understanding of the site and its surrounding aid in producing a critical and
analytical report.
Yellow Apron is a caf/ multipurpose event space located in section 13, Petaling Jaya.
It is located in the busy office district, within the Heritage Centre commercial building
that holds of the block. Located next to an ongoing construction site, Yellow Apron
is a 2-storey double volume caf with simple contemporary faade and interior design.
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
The location of the caf being in a busy office district makes it critical to study its
acoustical performances for this project. The busy main road that is opposite of the
caf and the fairly high amount of patrons that visit and stay in the caf adds to the
noise that challenges the acoustical performance of the caf.
Other than that, the contemporary design of the caf faade is made up mainly of full
glass windows that allow good penetration of daylight; therefore, the interior spaces
are well lit up and do not require artificial lighting during the day.
The caf comprises a few functional spaces to be analysed in terms of lighting and
acoustical functionality. The spaces to be analysed in the following subtopics are the
dining area on the first floor, the open dining area on the second floor and the enclosed
meeting room.
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
SPL=10 log (
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2.2.2 Introduction
August Wilson Centre is an arts organization that presents performing and visual arts
programs. As a centre to arts and culture, August Wilson Centre is a home to variety
of acoustic performances. The Music Caf is located at sidewalk level and can be
accessed from the street or from the centre within via the lobby. It accommodates an
on-going menu of program and to function as an alternative performance space with
limited seating for jazz and poetry which forms a club setting at night.
2.2.3 Function
This space is essential a large rectangular box with three glass sides, a hard floor, and
sound absorbing treatment on the ceiling (although behind baffles and ductwork). It
is evident design does recognize the need for acoustical design elements, with
hanging metal baffles and acoustical blanket over 80% of the underside of the floor
structure above. Based on the use description provided by the architect, a
reverberation time of approximately 1.0 second would be ideal. This would place the
space somewhere between speech and speech/music use.
According to the
Architectural Acoustics: Principles and Design a very high STC value (60+) between
the Music Caf and lobby would be desirable. This is important to both spaces, as a
spoken word performance in the caf could suffer if a large crowd was gathering in the
lobby for a performance in the main theatre, while the lobby must remain quiet during
a performance in the main theatre if patrons are entering or exiting the auditorium
since a main set of doors is directly across from the caf.
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
Figure 2.4 Music Caf Reflected ceiling plan Existing design (NTS)
The existing reverberation times are far from ideal. One important consideration,
however, is that the manufacturer of the metal baffle ceiling system (Chicago Metallic)
does not have acoustical data for the product. Therefore, the product has been
omitted from the calculations. Including the baffles in the calculation would likely
reduce the very high reverberation times at the lower frequencies, but it would also
reduce the reverberation times at the higher frequencies which are already lower than
ideal.
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
Figure 2.5 Alpro metal Acoustic Baffle for the new design
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
The new reverberation times are very close to the desired values. According to
Architectural Acoustics: Principles and Design optimum reverberation times at 125
hertz should be 1.3 times the ideal reverberation time at 500 hertz and a multiplier of
1.15 should be used at 250 hertz. These multipliers are used to correct for the fact
that the human ear is less sensitive at lower frequencies. With these factors included,
the new design is very near the target. The new ceiling system will provide superior
acoustical performance at a reduced cost.
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
Conclusion
The study shows how the original reverberation time and STC rating of the music caf
was not ideal. By proposing new acoustic panels to be installed on the ceiling. The
acoustical properties of the space are improved. The precedent study provide insight
on how to deduce whether the vibration time suitable according to the function of the
space. The function of the Music Caf is similar to our proposed Coffee Shop as both
are cafes and they held events sometimes. Likewise, the music Caf is also located
facing the main road, which contributed to more noise.
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
Grade of Accuracy
Not assigned
Quantities Displayed
1 dB
Frequency Weighting
Fast
Time Integration
Measurement Range
Linearity
+- 1.5db
Overload
Dimensions/Weight
Battery/Battery Life
Temperature
CE Marking
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
Camera
The camera is used to record pictures on the sources of sound in the caf and its
surrounding and also to document the furniture and materials applied on site.
Measuring Tape
The tape is used to measure a constant height of the position of the sound meter,
which is at 1.5m. The height is taken on one person as reference to obtain an accurate
reading. The tape was also used to measure the width and length of the site.
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
consistent results. Same process was repeated for several times in different time
zones. Both ground floor plan and first floor plan were measured.
Procedure
Identification of area for sound source were noted based on gridlines
produced.
Data was obtained by using sound level meter. The device is placed on
each point according to the guidelines at a height of 1.5m
Environmental factor
The sound level meter is very sensitive to minimal sound. For example, rainy
days may yield higher dB readings.
Incomplete definition
Differences in height levels affect the reading of the sound level meter. The
height levels may fluctuate slightly when taking readings. As different operators
have varying heights, this may result in slight inaccuracy.
PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
V = Volume of space
18 | P a g e
PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
Where,
Tav = Average transmission coefficient of materials
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
Figure 2.8 Noise from traffic of the road (opposite of Yellow Apron)
Figure 2.9 Noise from traffic of road Jalan 13/6 and the adjacent construction site
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
Brand
Unit(s)
Wattage
(w)
Voltage
(v)
Noise level
(dBa)
Acson
1550
230
24
Evid
16
35
Kdk
55
120
21
Promac
800
220
63
Tefal
400
240
70
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
Fan
Juice Blender
Coffee Maker
Speaker
Air Conditioner
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
Fan
Speaker
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
Human
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
With a specific goal to solve the problems, the speakers play an important role in sound
masking. They are put around the cafe to give diversion by playing unwinding music
for the clients. Low acoustic condition can also be constributed by the discussion
among clients.
Figure 2.15 Speaker used for sound masking purpose and hearing pleasure
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
First Floor
As the first floor is an open space, the main sound source comes from the vehicles on
the bustling road that is situated opposite the cafe. Other than that, the noise that
originates from the construction site also affects the acoustics of the interior of the
cafe.
Figure 2.16 Noise disruption from the vehicles and the construction site
that affect the interior condition
With a specific goal to solve the problems, the speakers, have an important role in
sound masking, similar with the ground floor.
Figure 2.17 Speaker used for sound masking purpose and hearing pleasure
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
2.6 Materials
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
2.7.1 Dining
2.7.1.1 Sound Pressure Level Calculation
GRID
PEAK
DAYTIME INTENSITY, I
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
A9
A10
A11
64
67.4
63.2
64.5
63.9
74.8
68.6
68
70
68.8
72
2.512 x 10-6
5.495 x 10-6
2.089 x 10-6
2.818 x 10-6
2.455 x 10-6
3.02 x 10-5
7.244 x 10-6
6.31 x 10-6
1 x 10-5
7.586 x 10-6
1.585 x 10-5
GRID
PEAK
DAYTIME INTENSITY, I
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10
B11
64.1
71.4
66.3
58.6
65.4
72.9
67.5
70.1
69.8
73
74.4
2.57 x 10-6
1.38 x 10-5
4.266 x 10-6
7.244 x 10-7
3.467 x 10-6
1.95 x 10-5
5.623 x 10-6
1.02 x 10-5
9.55 x 10-6
1.995 x 10-5
2.754 x 10-5
NONPEAK
40.5
47.2
51.8
40.4
43.3
48.6
48.6
47
60
68.2
45
NONPEAK
40.3
41.3
43.5
34.6
36.6
49.1
49.1
50.2
53.2
50.2
49.2
NIGHT TIME, I
1.122 x 10-8
5.248 x 10-8
1.51 x 10-6
1.10 x 10-8
2.14 x 10-8
7.24 x 10-8
7.24 x 10-8
5.01 x 10-8
1 x 10-6
6.61 x 10-6
3.16 x 10-6
NIGHT TIME, I
1.07 x 10-8
1.35 x 10-8
2.24 x 10-6
2.88 x 10-9
4.57 x 10-9
8.13 x 10-8
8.13 x 10-8
1.05 x 10-7
2.09 x 10-7
1.05 x 10-7
8.32 x 10-8
28 | P a g e
PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
GRID
PEAK
DAYTIME INTENSITY, I
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
C9
C10
C11
62.9
64.2
65
65.8
75.1
73
65.3
70
69.8
70.6
74.3
1.95 x 10-6
2.63 x 10-6
3.16 x 10-6
3.802 x 10-6
3.236 x 10-5
1.99 x 10-5
3.39 x 10-6
1 x 10-5
9.55 x 10-5
1.15 x 10-5
2.69 x 10-5
GRID
PEAK
DAYTIME INTENSITY, I
D1
D2
D3
D4
D6
D7
D8
D9
D10
D11
65.3
63.1
66.9
63.5
72.1
75
71.1
70.5
71.5
73.5
3.39 x 10-6
2.04 x 10-6
4.90 x 10-6
2.239 x 10-6
1.62 x 10-5
3.16 x 10-5
1.29 x 10-5
1.12 x 10-5
1.41 x 10-5
2.24 x 10-5
GRID
PEAK
DAYTIME INTENSITY, I
E1
E2
E3
E4
E5
E6
E7
E8
E9
E10
E11
64.3
65
59.5
66.6
2.962 x 10-6
3.16 x 10-6
8.913 x 10-7
4.57 x 10-6
66.6
74
75.1
70.2
74
74
4.57 x 10-6
2.51 x 10-5
3.24 x 10-5
1.05 x 10-5
2.51 x 10-5
2.51 x 10-5
NONPEAK
45.2
39.2
51.4
42.8
41.3
40.1
52.9
41.9
53.8
54.2
50.3
NONPEAK
49
39.4
45.1
48
48.7
62.2
53.2
49.68
48.8
50.2
NONPEAK
42.9
37.8
34.5
45.5
NIGHT TIME, I
3.31 x 10-8
8.32 x 10-9
1.38 x 10-7
1.91 x 10-8
1.41 x 10-8
1.02 x 10-8
1.95 x 10-8
1.55 x 10-7
2.40 x 10-7
2.63 x 10-7
1.07 x 10-7
NIGHT TIME, I
7.94 x 10-8
8.71 x 10-9
3.4 x 10-8
6.31 x 10-8
3.24 x 10-6
1.66 x 10-6
2.09 x 10-7
9.12 x 10-8
7.6 x 10-8
1.05 x 10-7
NIGHT TIME, I
1.95 x 10-8
5.50 x 10-9
2.82 x 10-9
3.55 x 10-6
VOID
42.3
33.4
45.9
46
47
40
1.70 x 10-8
2.19 x 10-9
3.89 x 10-8
3.98 x 10-8
5.01 x 10-8
1 x 10-8
29 | P a g e
PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
GRID
PEAK
DAYTIME INTENSITY, I
F1
F2
F3
F8
F9
F10
F11
63.5
67.6
63.8
74
67
68
70.1
2.24 x 10-6
5.75 x 10-6
2.40 x 10-6
3.24 x 10-5
5.01 x 10-6
6.31 x 10-6
1.02 x 10-5
GRID
PEAK
DAYTIME INTENSITY, I
G1
G2
G3
G8
G9
G10
G11
63.8
62.9
65.6
69.3
73.3
74
73
2.40 x 10-6
1.95 x 10-6
2.40 x 10-6
8.51 x 10-6
2.14 x 10-5
2.51 x 10-5
2 x 10-5
TOTAL
INTENSITY
7.3 x 10-4
SOUND
PRESSURE
LEVEL
NONPEAK
44.6
47
40.9
44.6
45.4
45.2
44.2
NONPEAK
42.5
46.5
52.7
45.2
40.2
42.3
43
NIGHT TIME, I
2.88 x 10-8
5.01 x 10-8
1.23 x 10-8
2.88 x 10-8
3.47 x 10-8
3.31 x 10-8
2.63 x 10-8
NIGHT TIME, I
1.778 x 10-8
4.47 x 10-8
1.86 x 10-7
3.31 x 10-8
1.05 x 10-8
1.70 x 10-8
2.0 x 10-8
1.3 x 10-5
30 | P a g e
PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
FLOOR
(m2)
WALL
CEILING
AMOUNT
VOLUME
(m3)
ABSORPTION,
500 Hz
SOUND
ABSORPTION,
Sa
GLASS
111
0.04
4.44
BRICKWALL
19.8
0.02
3.96
WOOD
PANEL
0.10
0.6
0.10
27.15
0.01
3.715
0.10
3.9
0.007
5.7
271.5
WOOD
CONCRETE,
PAINTED
62.1
PLYWOOD
39
271.5
814.56
AIR
FURNITURE
96
0.87
78.8
NO. OF
PEOPLE
40
0.46
18.4
TOTAL
123.3
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
Dining (Non-Peak)
Area= 271.5 m2
Volume= 271.5 m2 x 3
= 814.56 m3
FLOOR
(m2)
WALL
CEILING
AMOUNT
VOLUME
(m3)
ABSORPTION,
500 Hz
SOUND
ABSORPTION,
Sa
GLASS
111
0.04
4.44
BRICKWALL
19.8
0.02
3.96
WOOD
PANEL
0.10
0.6
0.10
27.15
0.01
3.715
0.10
3.9
0.007
5.7
271.5
WOOD
CONCRETE,
PAINTED
62.1
PLYWOOD
39
271.5
814.56
AIR
FURNITURE
96
0.87
78.8
NO. OF
PEOPLE
TOTAL
104.9
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
GRID
PEAK
DAYTIME INTENSITY, I
F4
F5
F6
F7
G4
G5
G6
G7
H4
H5
H6
H7
I4
I5
I6
I7
60.1
52.3
52.3
52.3
60.1
52.9
53.5
45
64.8
52.9
51.9
55.6
50.1
52
52.1
52
4.57 x 10-6
1.02 x 10-6
1.70 x 10-7
1.70 x 10-7
4.57 x 10-6
1.02 x 10-6
1.95 x 10-7
2.24 x 10-7
3.02 x 10-6
1.95 x 10-7
1.55 x 10-7
3.63 x 10-7
1.02 x 10-6
1.58 x 10-7
1.62 x 10-7
1.58 x 10-7
TOTAL
INTENSITY
7.32 x 10-6
SOUND
PRESSURE
LEVEL
NONPEAK
42
33.3
48.7
25.1
45.4
28.2
42
26
43.8
36.1
40.7
38
42.2
35
30.4
39
NIGHT TIME, I
3.55 x 10-8
1.58 x 10-8
3.47 x 10-8
2.40 x 10-8
3.55 x 10-8
2.14 x 10-9
6.6 x 10-10
4.07 x 10-9
7.41 x 10-8
1.58 x 10-8
1.18 x 10-8
1.10 x 10-9
3.24 x 10-10
3.98 x 10-10
6.31 x 10-9
8.13 x 10-9
2.20 x 10-7
33 | P a g e
PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
= 52.8 m2
Volume
= 52.8 m2 x 3
= 158.4 m3
FLOOR
(m2)
WAL
L
CEILING AMOUNT
VOLUM
E
(m3)
SOUND
ABSORPTION,
ABSORPTION,
500 Hz
Sa
BRICKWALL
19.8
0.02
0.396
WOOD
PANEL
0.10
0.6
0.10
5.28
0.01
1.04
0.007
1.11
WOOD
52.8
CONCRETE,
PAINTED
51
52.8
158.4
AIR
FURNITURE
20
0.10
NO. OF
PEOPLE
15
0.46
6.9
TOTAL
17.3
Rt
34 | P a g e
PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
Area
= 52.8 m2
Volume
= 52.8 m2 x 3
= 158.4 m3
FLOOR
(m2)
WAL
L
CEILING AMOUNT
VOLUM
E
(m3)
SOUND
ABSORPTION,
ABSORPTION,
500 Hz
Sa
BRICKWALL
19.8
0.02
0.396
WOOD
PANEL
0.10
0.6
0.10
5.28
0.01
1.04
0.007
1.11
WOOD
52.8
CONCRETE,
PAINTED
51
52.8
158.4
AIR
FURNITURE
20
0.10
NO. OF
PEOPLE
TOTAL
10.4
Rt
35 | P a g e
PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
GRID
PEAK
DAYTIME INTENSITY, I
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
D1
D2
D3
E1
E2
E3
F1
F2
F3
G1
G2
G3
66.1
85
65.4
65.4
66
67.1
81.1
65.2
64.8
66.1
67.1
67.1
65.1
74
67.5
63
67.1
64.6
65.1
70.8
64.8
76.2
67
66.4
62.3
66.5
66.1
4.07 x 10-6
3.16 x 10-4
3.47 x 10-6
3.47 x 10-6
3.98 x 10-6
5.01 x 10-6
1.29 x 10-4
3.31 x 10-6
3.02 x 10-6
4.07 x 10-6
2.0 x 10-6
5.01 x 10-6
3.24 x 10-6
2.51 x 10-5
5.62 x 10-6
2.0 x 10-6
5.01 x 10-6
2.88 x 10-6
3.24 x 10-6
1.20 x 10-5
3.02 x 10-6
4.17 x 10-5
5.01 x 10-6
4.37 x 10-6
1.70 x 10-6
4.47 x 10-6
4.07 x 10-6
TOTAL
INTENSITY
SOUND
PRESSURE
LEVEL
6.09 x 10-4
NONPEAK
50.6
40.7
44
43.3
55
41.6
44.7
45.2
44.4
55.9
43.8
54
45.8
44.1
47.2
58.7
45.8
50.5
38.7
50.5
60.2
40.2
60.2
58.3
50.6
39.6
40.2
NIGHT TIME, I
1.15 x 10-7
1.18 x 10-7
2.51 x 10-8
2.14 x 10-8
3.16 x 10-7
1.45 x 10-8
2.95 x 10-8
3.31 x 10-7
2.75 x 10-8
3.89 x 10-7
2.40 x 10-8
2.51 x 10-7
3.80 x 10-8
2.57 x 10-8
5.25 x 10-8
7.41 x 10-7
3.80 x 10-8
1.12 x 10-7
7.41 x 10-9
1.12 x 10-7
1.05 x 10-7
1.05 x 10-8
1.05 x 10-6
6.76 x 10-7
1.15 x 10-7
9.12 x 10-9
1.08 x 10-8
5.3 x 10-6
36 | P a g e
PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
FLOOR
(m2)
WAL
L
GLASS
41.1
CONCRETE,
PAINTED
51
CEILING AMOUNT
VOLUM
E
(m3)
52.8
266.7
AIR
SOUND
ABSORPTION,
ABSORPTION,
500 Hz
Sa
0.04
0.504
0.01
2.063
0.007
1.87
FURNITURE
20
0.87
1.2
NO. OF
PEOPLE
0.46
1.84
TOTAL
39.05
Rt
37 | P a g e
PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
= 88.9 m2
Volume
= 88.9 m2 x 3
= 266.7 m3
FLOOR
(m2)
WAL
L
GLASS
41.1
CONCRETE,
PAINTED
51
CEILING AMOUNT
VOLUM
E
(m3)
52.8
266.7
AIR
SOUND
ABSORPTION,
ABSORPTION,
500 Hz
Sa
0.04
0.504
0.01
2.063
0.007
1.87
FURNITURE
20
0.87
1.2
NO. OF
PEOPLE
TOTAL
37.21
Rt
38 | P a g e
PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
MATERIAL
SURFACE
AREA
SRI
TRANSMISSION
COEFFICIENT
Sn x Tcn
GLASS
33.6
26
2.5 x 10-3
84 x 10-3
CONCRETE
8.4
45
3.125 x 10-5
26.25 x 10-5
SRIglass
26
antilog2.6
T
Tglass
= 10Log10 (1/T)
= 10Log10 (1/T)
= (1/T)
= (1/ 4.0 x 102)
= 2.5 x 10-3
SRIconcrete
= 10Log10 (1/T)
45
= 10Log10 (1/T)
antilog4.5
T
Tconcrete
= (1/T)
= (1/ 3.2 x 104)
= 3.125 x 10-5
SRI
SRI of wall 1= 32.93 dB, SRI of main road (opposite of caf) = 66.74 dB
Wall 1 has reduced noise of 32.93 dB.
Hence, it can be concluded that wall 1 cannot fully cut off noise from the main road.
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
MATERIAL
SURFACE
AREA
SRI
TRANSMISSION
COEFFICIENT
Sn x Tcn
GLASS
CONCRETE
55.2
13.8
26
45
2.5 x 10-3
3.125 x 10-5
138 x 10-3
43.13 x 10-5
SRIglass
26
antilog2.6
T
Tglass
= 10Log10 (1/T)
= 10Log10 (1/T)
= (1/T)
= (1/ 4.0 x 102)
= 2.5 x 10-3
SRIconcrete
= 10Log10 (1/T)
45
= 10Log10 (1/T)
antilog4.5
T
Tconcrete
= (1/T)
= (1/ 3.2 x 104)
= 3.125 x 10-5
SRI
Wall 2 has reduced noise of 33dB. Hence, it can be concluded that wall 2 cannot fully
cut off noise from the adjacent construction building.
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
OBSERVATION 1
There are higher readings on the outdoor dining area
(eg: A2, 85 dB reading and F1, 76.2 dB reading)
Discussion: This is due to the dining area not having a barrier to cut off noise path that
travels from the main road and adjacent building on-going construction.
OBSERVATION 2
There is a slight rise in reading near the staircase that connects the first floor to ground
floor.
Discussion: Sound path travels from downstairs to upstairs via the double volume void
causes distinctive rise in reading especially during non-peak hour.
OBSERVATION 3
The readings nearest to adjacent building construction are higher on the first floor.
Discussion: Existence of glass wall on the ground floor blocks the noise path travelling
from main road and adjacent buildings.
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
It can be seen that the noise level readings are higher in the ground floor due to the
fact that most of the customers are located there, as rarely do people dine in the
outdoor dining area because lack of air-conditioning on the first floor. Other than that,
due to the fact that theres an open kitchen located on the ground floor, the sound
propagates towards the dining area. The first floor is an open space so the noise
generated from outside such as from moving cars nearby and construction site.
The use of wood ads in the sound absorption especially on the ground floor. Besides
that, it can be observed that there is no greenery within Yellow Apron Caf. It is able
to reduce noise up to 6-8dB and also provide more privacy by placing plantation
between boundaries of zones. A test carried out by Rentokil Initial Research and
Development suggested that interior plants can absorb or reflect background noise in
buildings, thereby making the environment more comfortable for occupants. Planters
that placed near the edges and corners would be better than at the center of the room
as sounds reflected from the walls. Other than that, we can also plant the greenery
outside of Yellow Apron to reduce the sound pressure level from the traffic and
construction noise, therefore, subsequently reduce exterior voice which penetrates
into the caf.
The acoustic issue can also be improved by adding materials that has high sound
absorption to further minimize echo and sound travel inward as well as outward.
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
, =
,
100%
.
Where,
Ei = illuminance due to daylight at a point on the indoor working planes,
Eo = Simultaneous outdoor illuminance on a horizontal plane from an unobstructed
hemisphere of overcast sky.
Zone
DF (%)
Distribution
Very bright
>6
Bright
3-6
Good
Average
1-3
Fair
Dark
0-1
Poor
44 | P a g e
PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
Where,
N = Number of lamps required
E = Illuminance level required (Lux)
A = Area at working plane height (2 )
F = Average luminous flux from each lamp (lm)
UF = Utilisation factor, an allowance for the light distribution of the luminaire and the room
surfaces
MF = Maintenance factor, an allowance for reduced light output because of deterioration and
dirt.
Room index, RI, is the ratio of room plan area to half wall area between the working
and luminaire planes. Which can be calculated by:
( + )
Where,
L = Length of room
W = Width of room
Hm = Mounting height, the vertical distance between the working plane and the luminaire.
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
3.2.2 Introduction
The W.D. Richards Elementary School has a vision of providing a safe and positive
learning environment where students will have the opportunity to gain basic knowledge
through the use of appropriate curriculum and to achieve their potential. The school
believes in four main principles: professional growth, continuous improvement,
education excellence for all learners and accountability. The school is ranked as a
four-star elementary school, meaning it is within the top twenty-five percent of all
schools within Indiana in four categories. The school also employs special needs
programs for students with communication disorders and learning disabilities.
Programs are also offered for exploring music, physical education, and visual arts.
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
3.2.3 Design
The schools design incorporates clerestory windows placed along the entire east wall
of double height spaces to allow natural illumination to enter the spaces. The natural
light within the art room did not provide the suggested illuminance levels for an art
environment. It appeared the light fixtures were located independently of the natural
lighting conditions. This is an inefficient method of lighting for this specific building. By
not utilizing the natural light effectively, the need to use artificial light can result in an
unnecessary use of energy.
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
Figure 3.8 Reflected ceiling plan showing ceiling tile grid, ceiling heights, and lamp fixture locations
49 | P a g e
PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
The indicative phase of the research began with an initial visit to the W. D. Richards
Elementary School on September 9, 2003. This research team focused our
investigation within the schools art room. The art room is located in the centre core of
the school, adjacent to the gymnasium. Unlike most of the other classrooms, it does
not have an exterior wall. The only source of natural light for the art room is the eastern
clerestory window. The rooms ceiling slopes to a height of 32-8. At the top of the
slope is a 10- 0 deep clerestory window that runs uninterrupted the length of the
eastern wall. The sloped ceiling is finished with a white 24 inch acoustical lay-in ceiling
tile grid. The design concept of the room uses the clerestory window to bring exterior
light into the room and uses the ceiling to reflect the natural light into the space and
spread that light evenly within the room. In addition to the natural light brought into the
space by the clerestory window, the illumination of the room is supplemented by
several sets of light fixtures. The first is a set of six 2-bulb, 4-0 fluorescent light fixtures
along the north and south walls of the room. Under the clerestory window, located in
the soffit, are five recessed incandescent can lights. In the west end of the room there
are three 24 inch square parabolic fixtures with two U-shaped fluorescent lamps.
Finally, arranged in a rectangle around the work space are twenty-two incandescent
can lights placed on a suspended track to provide task lighting over the student work
area.
The investigative phase of the research focused on the gathering of data within the art
room. First, the research team recorded the lighting fixture layout. Each luminaire was
located in plan and then associated with one of seven switches in the room. This
enabled the team to identify the way in which artificial light within the art room could
be manipulated for various tasks. The next task was to record illuminance within the
room. Using a Sylvania digital illuminance meter, the research team recorded the
illuminance in foot-candles of various points within the room. These measurements
were taken on the 48 inch. The team took three sets of measurements. The first set of
data measured only the natural light entering the space. The second set of data was
taken with all the light fixtures turned on and the clerestory windows fully exposed to
provide natural light. For the final set of data, the team covered the window and
measured only the illuminance levels from the light fixtures. The daylight-only data set
shows that the highest value recorded for the room was 9 foot-candles. This is too low
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
a value for a room used as an art room. It seemed that daylight alone was not enough
to provide the recommended amount of light. Because the clerestory window faces
the east, the team believed that the amount of daylight in the room during the morning
hours would be greater than in the afternoon. To determine whether this was the case,
the team placed 9 data loggers throughout the room to record daylight illumination
changes within the room over a weekend, beginning at 4:00 P.M. November 21 until
9:00 A.M. November 24.
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
3.2.5 Conclusion
The art room does provide the needed illumination for the tasks that are to be
performed. The illumination provided at the height of the student desks by the track
lighting is 100 foot-candles.
The research team also observed that the natural light entering the space is not
enough to provide even a minimum value of 50 foot-candles.
We conclude that the natural lighting within the art room is sufficient to provide for
personal orientation and light for occasional visual tasks. Understanding the limitations
in amount of light and the time of day that light is provided, designers chose to
incorporate the use of supplemental lighting found in various forms. The various light
fixtures can be turned on and off to adjust the required lighting for the various tasks.
The light fixtures can be used in conjunction with the natural light entering the space
to provide the most efficient use of energy for the space, customizing and adjusting
the light in the space depending on the task being performed at any given time.
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
It is an electronic equipment that measures luminous flux per unit area and
illuminance level. The device picks up accurate reading as it is sensitive to
illuminance.
Features
LSI-circuit provides high reliability and durability
LCD display provides low power consumption
Sensor with exclusive photo diode, multi-colour correction filters and
spectrum meeting C.I.E. standard
Sensor COS correction factor meets standard
LCD display can clearly read out even with high ambient light
Compact, light-weight and excellent operation
Precise, easy read out and wide range
Built-in low battery indicator
High accuracy in measuring
General Specifications
Display
Ranges
Zero Adjustment
Over-input
Sampling Time
Sensor Structure
Operating Temperature
Operating Humidity
Power Supply
Power Consumption
Dimension
Weight
PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
Accessories
Electrical Specifications
Range
2,000 Lux
20,000 Lux
50,000 Lux
Resolution
1 Lux
10 Lux
100 Lux
Accuracy
+- (5%+2d)
+- (5%+2d)
+- (5%+2d)
Note:
The above accuracy value is specified after finish the zero adjustment
procedures. Accuracy tested by a standard parallel light tungsten lamp of 2856
K temperature.
(b) Camera
Camera was used to document the furniture and materials applied on site.
Other than that, capture the lighting condition of the place and also to capture
the lighting appliances.
(c) Measuring Tape
The measuring tape is used to measure the 1.5 height needed to position the
meter. The height is taken on one person as reference to obtain an accurate
reading. The tape was also used to measure the width and length of site. Also
the measuring tape is used to measure the height of light fixture on ceiling and
the distance between each other.
54 | P a g e
PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
Procedure
Obtain data by using lux meter. The device is placed on each point
according to the guidelines at height of 1.5m
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
Where,
E internal
E external
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
Step 2:
Room Index (RI)
Find room index. Room index (RI) is the ration of room plan area to half the wall
area between the working and luminaire planes.
Where
L
= length of room
W
= width of room
Hm
= mounting height (vertical distance between the working plane and the
luminaire)
Step 3:
Utilization Factor (UF)
Identify utilization factor (UF) from table. For example:
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
Step 4:
Illuminance Level (E)
Find existing average illuminance level, E.
Where,
E
= average illuminance over the horizontal working plane
n
= number of lamps in each luminaire
N
= number of luminaire
F
= lighting design lumens per lamp
UF
= utilization factor
MF
= maintenance factor
A
= area of horizontal working plane
Step 5:
Find number of fittings required, N.
58 | P a g e
PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
Grid
Day Time/
Peak Hour
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
A9
A10
A11
12p.m.2p.m.
3910
2718
2730
630
1258
1097
1097
723
724
719
715
Night Time/
Non-peak
Hour
5p.m.-7p.m.
9
12
21
12
5
1
25
6
4
3
3
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10
B11
11180
566
161
82
50
143
145
169
75
43
40
21
12
12
12
5
6
25
4
13
5
9
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
C9
C10
C11
15270
504
123
63
66
185
139
202
110
108
98
29
14
12
9
9
83
70
29
100
42
15
Grid
Day Time/
Peak Hour
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
D8
D9
12p.m2p.m.
13090
528
61
61
55
200
95
99
143
Night Time/
Non-peak
Hour
5p.m.-7p.m.
29
12
14
12
24
59
58
127
62
D10
D11
59
60
30
18
E1
E2
E3
E4
E5
E6
E7
E8
E9
E10
10190
2690
146
45
73
193
39
130
100
150
21
8
6
24
23
60
65
118
122
10
F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
F7
F8
F9
F10
17680
1640
218
156
78
66
74
42
40
112
7
6
9
137
96
53
50
55
111
58
59 | P a g e
PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
Grid
Day Time/
Peak Hour
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
G6
12p.m.2p.m.
19160
882
209
176
243
227
Night Time/
Non-peak
Hour
5p.m.-7p.m.
4
6
3
147
211
129
H4
H5
H6
174
216
236
144
237
79
LEGEND
Interior Dining
Exterior Dining
Meeting Room
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
Grid
Day Time/
Peak Hour
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
12p.m.2p.m.
2100
1300
1180
3500
60
Night Time/
Non-peak
Hour
5p.m.-7p.m.
6
22
16
45
11
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
4600
330
200
100
180
117
48
52
50
32
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
3200
540
70
70
190
107
138
64
28
43
D1
D2
D3
7200
180
50
157
52
29
Grid
Day Time/
Peak Hour
E1
E2
E3
12p.m.2p.m.
3700
560
80
Night Time/
Non-peak
Hour
5p.m.-7p.m.
147
69
39
F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
8400
870
150
117
104
32
124
136
195
142
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
9000
390
100
114
118
76
30
9
132
129
H4
H5
110
118
155
198
LEGEND
Interior Dining
Exterior Dining
Meeting Room
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
Based on the Tables above, following observation were noted along with relevant
discussions.
Observation 1
Light data were collected for both during the peak hour/ day time and the non-peak
hour/ night time of the caf. Light readings collected during peak hour are obviously
higher compared to the data collected during the non-peak hour.
Discussion 1
The major reason is because the peak hours of the caf occur during the day time,
penetration of daylighting leads to the higher light reading compared to light reading
to the night time which have the contribution of acoustic lighting only.
Observation 2
Sequence of light density collected at different area: DENSITY OF LIGHT
Highest
High
Medium
Low
AREA
Area near to the entrance and exterior
Meeting room
Coffee counter
Interior dining area
Discussion 2
AREA
Entrance
Meeting room
Coffee counter
Interior dining area
REASON
Material used at the entrance is glass wall,
penetration of exterior day light increases the density
of light at area near to the entrance
Functional purpose which require this area to be
bright enough for proper meeting and events
Functional purpose which require this area to have
brighter light to carry out activities
Dim light is more than enough and suitable for users
to enjoy this cozy ambient
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
It can be seen in Figure 3.1 and Figure 3.2 that both the ground floor and first floor
receives ample daylighting some even over 18000 lux. Therefore several measures
were taken in order to reduce the amount of daylight penetrating into the spaces such
as the use of tinted windows on the exterior of the caf.
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
There is a lack of artificial lighting to brighten up the spaces such as dining area of
ground floor due to the caf owner want to create relaxing and chilling feel. In Figure
3.3 and Figure 3.4, the space with the most ample amount of artificial lighting is
meeting room and the corner of the dining area. On the first floor, the artificial lighting
is slightly low as the area is more the outdoor sitting for smokers and because of the
placement of the accent light.
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
A) Ground Floor
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
B) First Floor
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
Product Brand
Lamp Luminous Flux
Rated Colour
Temperature
Colour Rendering
Index
Input
Power
Lumen Maintenance
Factor
Placement
Product Brand
Lamp Luminous Flux
Rated Colour
Temperature
Colour Rendering
Index
Input
Power
Lumen Maintenance
Factor
Placement
Product Brand
Lamp Luminous Flux
Rated Colour
Temperature
Colour Rendering
Index
Input
Power
Lumen Maintenance
Factor
Placement
68 | P a g e
PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
Product Brand
Lamp Luminous Flux
Rated Colour
Temperature
Colour Rendering
Index
Input
Power
Lumen Maintenance
Factor
Placement
LED - PAR16
500
2400K
82
220-240V
7W
0.7
First Floor Ceiling
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
70 | P a g e
PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
SYMBOL
PICTURE
LIGHT TYPE
ED PAR 16
UNIT
Globe Edison
E27 Filament
Light Bulb
EcoVantage
Halogen G25
PL-T Triple
4-Pin Base
Globe Edison
E27 Filament
Light Bulb
PL-T Triple
4-Pin Base
LIGHT
DISTRIBUTION
13
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
Componen
t
Wall
Colour
Surface
Finish
Reflectance
Value (%)
Surface
Area ( )
Concrete
Paint
Grey
Matte
20
12.6
Brick Wall
Finish
Brown
Matte
15
19.8
Dark Brown
Glossy
20
39
Concrete
Grey
Matte
20
271.5
Aluminium
Frame
Black
Matte
10
38
Translucent
Glossy
111
Timber
Laminate
Brown
Glossy
20
271.5
Aluminium
Frame
Black
Matte
10
1.594
Translucent
Glossy
6.371
Dark Brown
Glossy
20
28.450
Blue
Matte
24.576
Material
Wood Panel
Ceiling
Curtain Wall
Tinted Glass
Floor
Glass Door
Tinted Glass
Wooden
Table
Furniture
Fabric Sofa
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
Dimension od
room (m)
Total floor area / A
(m)
Type of lighting
fixtures
19.47m x 14.03m
273.16m
Ceiling
LED
Incandescent
light (Type 1)
Incandescent
light (Type 2)
Compact
fluorescent
lamp
Number of lighting
fixtures / N
21
Lumen of lighting
fixture/ F
500
1800
500
2250
Type of lighting
Height of luminaire
(m)
Work level (m)
Mounting height /
H (hm)
Assumption of
reflectance value
Room Index / RI
(K)
K = ( (+
2.8
0.8
2.0
Ceiling = 0.7
K=(
0.68
0.68
0.68
200
Illuminance Level
(lux)
=(
( )
273.16
E=(
=9.36
0.71
E=(
19.47 14.03
Floor = 0.2
= 4.08
Utilization factor /
UF
Standard
Luminance (lux)
E=
(
(
Wall = 0.5
=(
( )
=32.26
E=(
)
=(
( )
=8.96
273.16
E=(
)
)
=(
( )
=40.33
)
Total illuminance level = 9.36 + 32.26 + 8.96 + 40.33
= 90.91
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According to the MS1525, the standard luminance for a dining area should be 200 lux.
However, according to the calculations, the dining area this zone does not meet the
standards with only 90.91 lux.
There is purpose for the designer to design such low light density in this area. The
main design of their caf is to create a dim and soft ambient for the user to relax in this
area.
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
SYMBOL
PICTURE
LIGHT TYPE
PL-T
Triple 4-Pin
Base
UNIT
LIGHT
DISTRIBUTION
12
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
Componen
t
Wall
Colour
Surface
Finish
Reflectance
Value (%)
Surface
Area ( )
Concrete
Paint
Grey
Matte
20
12.6
Brick Wall
Finish
Brown
Matte
15
19.8
Wood Panel
Dark
Brown
Glossy
20
Material
Ceiling
Concrete
Grey
Matte
20
52.8
Floor
Timber
Laminate
Brown
Glossy
20
52.8
Dark
Brown
Glossy
20
8.308
Brown
Matte
10
Wooden
Table
Furniture
Timber Chair
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
6.62m x 7.90m
52.30m
Ceiling
Type of lighting
Number of lighting
fixtures / N
12
2250
2.8
0.8
2.0
K = ( ( + ) )
K=(
Utilization factor / UF
0.58
Ceiling = 0.7
6.62 7.90
( 6.62 + 7.90 ) 2.0
Wall = 0.5
Floor = 0.2
= 1.80
=(
( )
=239.54
According to the calculations, the density of light of meeting area at ground floor is
much higher than other spaces. But, it still does not meet the standards luminance for
a meeting area with only 239.54 lux. According to the MS1525, the standard luminance
for a meeting area should be 500 lux.
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
3.4.3.9 Indication of Light Sources and Light Distribution in Zone 3 (First Floor
Dining)
SYMBOL
PICTURE
LIGHT TYPE
LED PAR16
UNIT
LIGHT
DISTRIBUTION
12
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
Componen
t
Material
Colour
Surface
Finish
Reflectance
Value (%)
Surface
Area ( )
Wall
Paint
Black
Matte
20
30.249
Ceiling
Paint
Black
Matte
20
122.97
Translucent
Glossy
40.5
Grey
Glossy
20
122.97
Dark Brown
Glossy
20
11.34
Blue
Matte
19.39
Brown
Matte
10
13.32
Concrete
Wooden
Table
Furniture
Fabric Sofa
Timber
Chair
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
9.20m x 9.62m
88.53m
Ceiling
Type of lighting
LED
Number of lighting
fixtures / N
12
500
2.8
0.8
2.0
K = ( ( + ) )
K=(
Utilization factor / UF
0.67
Ceiling = 0.7
9.2 9.62
( 9.2 + 9.62 ) 2.0
Wall = 0.5
Floor = 0.2
= 2.35
=(
( )
=36.32
According to the calculations, the exterior dining area at first floor totally does not meet
the standards with only 36.32 lux. The density of the light is extremely dark to meet
the standard requirement for luminance of a dining area. According to the MS1525, it
should at least 200 lux.
Since it is an external dining area and near to the main road, there are some external
artificial lightings to slightly increase the density of light. For example, the road lighting,
street lighting and car lighting that pass by.
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2=
100
100
18000
4 18000
= 720
100
The Natural Light illuminance ( ) level for Yellow Apron Caf is = 3171 lux
3171
100
18000
100
= 17.6
According to the calculation above, it show that Yellow Apron Caf achieve the
minimum daylight factor of 2 % where the daylight factor of Yellow Apron Caf is
17.6%. Thus, the distribution of natural light that provides illumination inside Yellow
Apron caf is achieved.
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One of the main lighting design intention for Yellow Apron was to provide enough
daylighting in the building to reduce energy used for artificial lighting. It was done
through the orientation of the building by integrating curtain wall into the faade design
on the North and East axis to optimize daylight into the spaces.
Figure 1 showing the curtain wall to provide enough daylighting in the building
Bulb fixtures were also hung along the ceiling as part of the design trend of cafes
nowadays. Although having an adjustable lighting system allows the illumination level
to be controlled, low lighting option creates dark patches at the corners of the space.
As for the first floor, the usage and arrangement of dimmed ceiling lamp and narrow
beam downlight along the space creates a romantic ambience.
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Most of the interior finishes were specifically selected to improve the light reflection
and provide better lighting. To allow natural lighting to penetrate through in the morning
and reflects during the night, Yellow Apron use glass for doors, walls and windows.
There is no shading devices included such as louvres and overhangs, as to allows
maximum amount of sunlight and therefore glare from outside is possible with the high
luminosity from the sun.
White tile finishing on walls reflects and spreads light due to its shiny surface, hence
contributing the illumination of spaces. Laminated timber flooring also helps to reflect
and spread the light.
Although light is well reflected throughout the space, black paint finish were applied to
the ceiling of Yellow Apron. This is purely the design intention of Yellow Apron to create
a dark atmosphere as light is absorbed.
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PROJECT 1 LIGHTING & ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF YELLOW APRON CAF
4.0 Conclusion
Based on our evaluation and data collection, it can be concluded that Yellow Apron
Caf has a dim environment that has no sufficient artificial lighting. The caf receives
a lot of day lighting with the aid of glass wall at the entrance and dining area. The caf
located at the corner of a row of shop lots thus, giving the maximum day lighting
through the side glass and front glass. As for the night lightings, it is found that Yellow
Apron Caf are primarily using filament light bulbs. Spot lights at the same time are
arranged directed towards the sitting area at the first floor dining area. Through our
observation and evaluation of the space and sitting area, we feel that the lightings in
ground floor are slightly dim for readings but as for the first floor, the spot lights are
very effective where the light beam was sufficient for reading and perform other
activities. In order to improve lighting, additional lightings should be put on.
On the other hand, it can be seen that the noise levels are higher on first floor due to
the fact that it is an open space caused by the surrounding context such as vehicles
and construction site next to the caf. Noises generated on the ground floor are mainly
from the open kitchen where the drinks are being served. However, some measures
were taken in order to increase the comfort of the environment such as installing
speakers to function as a mask. The speakers are strategically located in the dining
areas in close proximity to the customers. The use of wood aids in the sound
absorption especially in the ground floor.
Aesthetically, Yellow Apron Caf managed to provide its customers a very cozy and
relaxing environment for the customers to dine in despite not meeting the minimal
requirements for lighting. In terms of acoustics, the playlist consists of a very calm
acoustic set which is to the liking of their customers.
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4.1 References
ABSORPTION
Retrieved
COEFFICIENTS.
May
25,
(n.d.).
2016,
from
http://www.acoustic.ua/st/web_absorption_dat
a_eng.pdf
Absorption
finishes
coefficients
RT60
alpha
building
materials
coefficient
acoustic
materials
sengpielaudio
Sound
Retrieved
Absorption
May
Coefficients.
27,
2016,
(n.d.).
from
http://www.acousticalsurfaces.com/acoustic_I
OI/101_13.htm
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