CHINESE LANGUAGE

FOR SIR FRIAS CLASS

By Raymond T. Frias, ABLM

CHINESE LANGUAGE FOR SIR FRIAS CLASS

By Raymond T. Frias, ABLM

Copyright 2015
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including
photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical
methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher,
except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews
and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law.
by the author.

PREFACE

()
This book is made to learn the Chinese language in an easy
manner. This book complies to the World Curriculum in Chinese
Language Learning that was released by Hanban (an institution
affiliated with the Education Ministry in China). The lessons in this
book are short and easy to remember. With my help, you can be
able to learn Chinese more effectively and efficiently. This book
has a lot of exercises which will help you develop your speaking,
listening, reading, and writing skills. Included in this book are
audio files which can be downloaded in the internet to supplement
your learning.
After studying this book, you can be able to take HSK
(Chinese Proficiency Examination) Level 1. HSK will be an added
credential to your resume certifying that you are proficient in that
level.
I hope that you will enjoy in the Chinese language journey.
Good luck and God Bless.
The Author

TABLE OF CONTENTS

()
Unit 1 - Chinese Phonetics
Pinyin
Initials and Finals
Tones
Rules in the Pronunciation of Third Tone
Modulation of
Modulation of
Spelling Rules
Retroflex Final
Unit 2 - Basics in Writing Chinese Characters
Strokes
Steps in
Radicals

UNIT 1

CHINESE PHONETICS

PINYIN

Knowing Abakada is the foundation of learning the Filipino

Language. We start studying it by reading the vowels (patinig)
and consonants (katinig) of the Filipino alphabet. We combine
them to be able to form words.
In Mandarin Chinese, we start studying it with use of pinyin
( ). Pinyin consists of three parts: initial ( ), final ( ),
and the tone ().
Initial is the first consonant letter part of the syllable while the
final is the rest of the syllable. You can form words by using finals
independently but initials cant form words without a final. Tones
are indicated by using diacritical mark called tone mark or sandhis
above the vowel. In placing a tone mark, you should place it in the
vowel that uses a wider opening of the mouth.
To better understand, look at the chart below:

INITIALS

b
n
ch
g

p
l
sh
k

m
z
r
h

f
c
j

d
s
q

t
zh
x

FINALS

ai
ang
ie
iong
uan
an

ei
eng
iu (iou)
u
un
n

ao
ong
ian
ua
uang

i
(zh,ch,sh,r
)
ou
i
in
uo
ueng

i
(z,c,s)

er

an
ia
iang
uan

en
iao
ing
ui (uei)
e

PINYIN (1)

Initials
b

o
en

e
ie

i
in

u
ing

uo

ma
mo
me
mi
mu
mao

na

la

ha

ne
ni
nu
nao
n

le
li
lu
lao
l

he

Finals
a
ao

Pronunciation Drill
ba
bo
bi
bu
bao

pa
po
pi
pu
pao

hu
hao

ben
bie
bin
bing

pen
pie
pin
ping

men
mie
min
ming

nen
nie
nin
ning
nuo

hen
lie
lin
ling
luo

huo

PINYIN (2)

Initials
d

ou

an

ang

eng

gei
gou
gan
gang
geng

kei
kou
kan
kang
keng

fei
fou
fan
fang
feng

fa
fo

Finals
ei
iou(-iu)

Pronunciation Drill
dei
dou
dan
dang
deng
diao
diu

tou
tan
tang
teng
tiao
tiu

da

ta

ga

ka

de
di
du
dao

te
ti
tu
tao

ge

ke

gu
gao

ku
kao

fu

iao

den
die
ding
duo
bei
ban
bang
beng
biao

tie
ting
tuo
pei
pou
pan
pang
peng
piao

gen

ken

guo

kuo

mei
mou
man
mang
meng
miao
miu

nei
nou
nan
nang
neng
niao
niu

fen

lei
lou
lan
lang
leng
liao
liu

hei
hou
han
hang
heng

lai

hai

PINYIN (3)

Initials
zh

ch

sh

Finals
-i

ai

uai

ong

Pronunciation Drill
zhi
zhai
zhuai
zhong

chi
chai
chuai
chong

shi
shai
shuai

ri

bai

pai

mai

nai

dai
dong

tai
tong

gai
gong

kai
kong

zha
zhe
zhu
zhao
zhen
zhuo

cha
che
chu
chao
chen
chuo

sha
she
shu
shao
shen
shuo

re
ru
rao
ren
ruo

chou
chan
cheng

shei
shou
shan
sheng

rou
ran
reng

zhei
zhou
zhan
zheng

PINYIN (4)

Initials
j

Finals
ia

ian

Pronunciation Drill
jia
qia
jian
qian
jiang
qiang
jue
que
juan
quan

iang

uei(-ui)

xia
xian
xiang
xue
xuan

uen(un)

an

ji
ju
jie
jin
jing

qi
qu
qie
qin
qing

xi
xu
xie
xin
xing

jiao
jiu

qiao
qiu

xiao
xiu

bian

pian

mian

nian
niang

dian
dui
dun

tian
tui
tun

gui
gun

kui
kun

zhun
zhui

chun
chui

shun
shui

run
rui

lia
lian
liang
lun

hui
hun

uan

uang

PINYIN (5)

Initials
z

er

iong

Finals
-i
n

ua

Pronunciation Drill
zi
zuan

ci
cuan

si
suan

za
ze
zu

ca
ce
cu

sa
se
su

zao
zen
zuo

cao
cen
cuo

sao
sen
suo

ceng
can

seng
san

cong
cun

song
sun

zei
zou

cou

sou

zeng
zan

zai
zui

cai
cui

sai
sui

zong
zun

duan

tuan

guan
gua
guang

kuan
kua
kuang

jiong
jun
zhua
zhuan
zhuang

qiong
qun
chua
chuan
chuang

xiong
xun
shua
shuan
shuang

huan
hua
huang

rua
ruan

TONES

The Putonghua (Mandarin Chinese) is a tonal language. It

consists of four tones and a neutral tone. Each tone conveys
different meanings but a word with a same tone doesnt mean it
has the same meaning. Tones are indicated with the use of tone
marks or sandhis. Here are the following tones.

1st tone

2nd
tone
3rd tone

4th tone

Neutral
tone

High flat
tone
Quick
rising tone
Descendin
g to rising
tone
Stressed
tone
Short and
light tone

PRONUNCIATION DRILL
b
p
m
n
le
h

b
p
m
no
lao
ho

b
p
m
ni
lie
hu

b
p
m

d
t
g
ke
bi
pi
fi
hi

du
tu
gu
kou
bn
pn
fn
hn

dn
tn
gn
kan
bng
png
fng
hng

dng
tng
gng
kang
bio
pio
di
ni

zha
zh

cha
ch

sha
sh

luo

bn
pn

bng
png

zh
zhi
zhu
zhu
zhui
zhng

ch
chi
chu
chu
chui
chng

sh
shi
shu
shu
shui

rng
rng

j
ji
jin
jing
jn
jng
j
ju
jun
gu
zhn

q
qi
qin
qing
qn
qng
q
qu
qun
ku
chn

x
xi
xin
xing
xn
xng
x
xu
xun
hu
tn

z
z
z
zun
zu
zn
zhung
jing
jun
gua

c
c
c
cun
cu
cn
chung
qing
qun
kua

s
s
s
sun
su
sn
shung
xing
xun
hua

RULES ON THE PRONUNCIATION OF THE THIRD TONE

A third tone, when immediately followed by another third

tone, should be pronounced in the second tone, but with the
tone mark remaining unchanged. For example:
n ho n ho
hn ho hn ho
W hn ho W hn ho
A third tone, when followed by a first, second or fourth tone,
or most neutral tone syllables, usually a half third tone, that
is, a tone that only falls but does not rise. The tone mark is
unchanged.

MODULATION OF
is a fourth tone syllable by itself. But it becomes a second
tone when followed by fourth tone.
Example: b h (not drink) b mng (not busy) b ho (not
fine) b sh (not) b yo (not want)
MODULATION OF
Normally is pronounced in the first tone when it stands
by itself, at the end of a word, phrase or sentence, or is used
as an ordinal number. However, is pronounced in the
fourth tone when it precedes a first tone, second tone, or
third tone syllable. It is read in the second tone when it
precedes a fourth tone.
Example: y bi (one cup), y ping (one bottle), y bn (one
copy), y bin (one time/once)
SPELLING RULES
At the beginning of a syllable, i" is written as y (eg. ie
ye). i" is written as yi when it forms a syllable all by itself.
At the beginning of a syllable, u is written as w (eg. uo
wo). u is written as wu when it forms a syllable by itself.
When is at the beginning of a syllable or forms a syllable
by itself, a y is added to it and two dots over it are omitted
(eg. yu).
The compound final iou is written as -iu when it comes
after an initial and the tone mark is placed on u.
Example: liu, jiu, xiu
When the compound final uei is combined with initials, it is
simplified to -ui and the tone mark is written over i".
Example: gui

 When the compound final uen is combined with initials, it is

simplified to -un.
Example: lun
When is combined with j, q, and x, the two dots over it
are omitted. y is added to the compound finals which start
with and the two dots over it are omitted.
Example: xue, ju, quan, yuan, yue
RETROFLEX FINAL

The final er sometimes does not form a syllable by itself but

is attached to another final to form a retroflex final. A retroflex
final is represented by the letter r added to the final. In
actual writing, is added to the character in question.
Examples: dianr, wanr, fanguanr, nar
UNIT 2
BASICS IN WRITING CHINESE CHARACTER
CHINESE CHARACTERS

During the ancient times, Chinese characters are based on

pictures of what they see, use, touch, and hear. They are
inscribed in stones, bones, and metal. As years gone by, Chinese
characters are evolving. Now, most of them are ideographic rather
than pictographic. It uses symbols do convey a specific meaning.
There are 50,000 characters in the Chinese language. As
time pass by, most of the characters are trimmed down because
most of them are no longer used. 5,000 to 8,000 of them are used
frequently. 3,000 characters are used everyday. Chinese
characters are monosyllabic. Unlike in other languages, words
can be disyllabic or polysyllabic.

There are two sets of Chinese characters being used

today: Simplified and Traditional
Simplified characters - used in urban and sub-urban areas in
Chinese such as in Beijing and Shanghai. Simplified
characters were introduced in 1951 to increase the literacy in
China. It is easier to read and to write these characters.
Traditional Characters - used in rural places in China as well
as Chinese communities around the world. Also used in
different countries such as Japan, Korea, Hong Kong,
Taiwan, and Macau.
Simplified Characters:
Traditional Characters:
Although Simplified is being used in this book because it is the
standard set of characters to use for Chinese learning, If you
really want to study Chinese, you must learn both. Learning
Chinese is a very long process.
COMPOSITION OF A CHINESE CHARACTER
STROKES ------> RADICALS----> CHARACTERS
(some radicals are characters too)
In biology, organisms start from cell, then a group of cells are
called tissues, then a group of tissues became organs, a group of
organs is called a system, then a group of systems creates
organisms. Same as with the Chinese characters, it starts from
stroke, a group of strokes become radicals; a group of radicals
can form characters. Some of the radicals are already characters
too. We can compare it to one-celled organisms or organisms
without a complete system same as with humans.
Basic Strokes of Chinese Characters

1.hng - horizontal stroke

6.t - rising stroke

2. sh - vertical stroke

7.zh - turning stroke

3.pi - left falling stroke

8.gu - hook
4.din - dot

9. wn - bend
5.n - right falling stroke

COMBINED STROKES
Combined strokes are considered as one stroke when counted
even if they are composed of two or three strokes.
1. hng gu

2. hng zh

3. hng zh gu

4. hng pi

5. hng zh t

11.wn gu

12.sh t

13.sh zh
6.hng zh wn gu
14.sh wn
7.hng zh zh pi
15.sh wn gu
8.hng zh zh gu
16.sh zh zh
9.hng pi wn gu
17.sh zh zh gu
10.sh gu
18.xi gu

20.pi zh

19.w gu

21.pi din

STEPS IN STROKE ORDER

1. Horizontal stroke before vertical stroke -
2. Left falling stroke before right falling stroke -
3. Top to bottom -
4. Left before right -
5. Outside before inside -
6. Inside before outside -
7. Outside before inside, then close the frame -
8. Center stroke before sides -
9. Dots and minor strokes last -
10. Character spanning strokes last -
RADICALS
A radical is a component of a Chinese character. Learning
radicals will make your Chinese learning easier because any
character associated with a radical can have a relative meaning.
Examples:
- woman
- mother

 - marriage
- older sister
- mouth (anything that enters and releases in your mouth
- to eat
- to drink
- to spit
- fire
- roast
- boil
- hot
- language
- speak
- language
- speech
- wood
- tree
- forest
- machine (machines and mechanisms are made of wood in
ancient times)
UNIT 3
CHINESE LANGUAGE LEARNING PROPER
FOREIGN LANGUAGE 11

LESSON 1
COMMON GREETINGS AND EXPRESSIONS (1)

These are the most commonly used greetings and

expressions in Chinese. You can use them every day and
everywhere depending on the situation and the time of the day.
Hello
A
N ho! - Hello
B
Nmen ho! - Hello
A
Nn ho! - Hello
B
N ho! - Hello
Greetings in different time of the day
A
Zoshang ho! - Good morning
B
Zoshang ho! - Good morning
A
Xiw ho! - Good afternoon
B
Xiw ho! - Good afternoon
A
Wnshang ho! - Good evening
B
Wnshang ho! - Good evening
Expressing gratitude

A
Xixie n. Thank you
B
B kq. - Youre welcome
A
Xixie nn. - Thank you
B
B yng xi. - Youre welcome
Expressing apology
A
Dubuq. - Sorry
B
Mi gunxi. - Its nothing
A
Dubuq. - Sorry
B
Mi wnt. - No problem
A
Dubuq. - Sorry
B
Mi shr. - Its nothing
Expressing farewell
A
Zijin! - Goodbye
B
Zijin! - Goodbye

A
Bozhng! - Take care
B
Bozhng! - Take care
Expressing congratulations
A
Gngx! - Congratulations! (used in life occasions such
asweddings)
B
Xixie. - Thank you
A
Zhh n! - Congratulations! (used in academic occasions such as
graduations or academic achievements.)
B
Xixie. - Thank you
Expressing welcome
A
Hunyng! - Welcome
B
Xixie. - Thank you

SUPPLEMENTARY GREETINGS
- Shngr kuil - Happy Birthday
- Xn nin kuil - Happy New Year
- Gngx fci - Congratulations for being prosperous
(Greeting used along with Happy New Year. Mandarin counterpart
for Kong Hei Fat Choi)
- Shngdn ji kuil - Merry Christmas
- Qngrn ji kuil - Happy Valentines Day
- Mqn ji kuil - Happy Mothers Day
- Fqn ji kuil - Happy Fathers Day
- Shngd boyu n - God Bless you
- Zh n ho yn - Good luck

LESSON 2
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
Pronoun is a part of speech that can substitute a noun. In
Chinese, it is also used in the same way. There are different kinds
of pronouns, what we will be learning are personal pronouns.
Personal pronouns are the following:
- w - I
- n - you
- nn - you (polite)
- t - he, him
- t - she, her
- t - it

LESSON 3

PLURAL PERSONAL PRONOUNS

In the previous lesson, the personal pronouns are singular in
form. Now lets go with the plural form.
- men - suffix placed beside personal pronouns to indicate
plural
- wmen - we, us
- nmen - you (plural)
- tmen - they (for all male and mixed gender)
- tmen - they (for all female)
- tmen - they (neuter)

LESSON 4
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
To indicate the possessive form of the pronoun, we should
add the word de. Here are the following combination of
pronouns with .
- de - a particle that is placed after a personal pronoun to
indicate possession
- w de - my, mine
- n de - your, yours
- nn de - your, yours (polite)
- t de - his
- t de - her
- t de - its
- wmen de - our
- nmen de - your (plural)
- tmen de - their (for all male and mixed gender)

 - tmen de - their (for all female)

- tmen de - their (neuter)
READING DRILL
w
n

tmen
wmen

tmen de
nmen

n de
w de

n
nmen

t de

wmen
de

nmen de

t de

tmen
wmen
de
w de

LESSON 5
PEOPLE IN SCHOOL
- losh - teacher
- xusheng - student
- tngxu - classmate
- pngyou - friend
- xiozhng - principal
- yunzhng - dean
Additional information about Chinese Grammar
- men - a suffix that is also used in nouns for people to indicate
plural
- losh men
- xusheng men
- tngxu men
- pngyou men
- xiozhng men

 - de - you can omit this word when the possession is close (i.e.
parents, relatives, people in school and work)
- wmen losh - our teacher
- t bba - his dad
- t pngyou - her friend
READING DRILL
w
n
nn
t
wmen
nmen
tmen
nn

de

losh
xusheng
tngxu
pngyou
xiozhng
yunzhng

LESSON 6
FAMILY MEMBERS (1)
- bba - dad, father
- mma - mom, mother
- gge - older brother
- jijie - older sister
- ddi - younger brother
- mimei - younger sister
READING DRILL
w
n

bba
mma

nn
t
wmen
nmen
tmen
nn

de

LESSON 7
SENTENCES
- sh - is, are, am
- b - not
SENTENCE PATTERN
Affirmative Form
SUBJECT + + OBJECT
Negative Form
SUBJECT + + + OBJECT
SAMPLE SENTENCES:
Affirmative Form:
W sh losh.
I am a teacher.
T sh xusheng.
He is a student.
T sh xiozhng.

gge
ddi
mimei
jijie

She is a principal.
W gge sh w de tngxu.
My older brother is my classmate.
N sh w de pngyou.
You are my friend.
Negative Form:
W b sh losh.
I am not a teacher.
T b sh xusheng.
He is not a student.
T b sh xiozhng.
She is a principal.
W gge b sh w de tngxu.
My older brother is not my classmate.
N b sh w de pngyou.
You are not my friend.
It is a common mistake when you place sh first before b.
READING DRILL
W
T
Tmen
N
Nmen

sh

w
t
tmen
n
nmen

de

losh
xusheng
tngxu
pngyou
xiozhng

Wmen

wmen

yunzhng

LESSON 8
SENTENCE
- ma - a question particle used to make questions answerable
by yes or no.
is always placed at the end of the sentence
W sh losh. ? W sh losh ma?
I am a teacher. Am I a teacher?
T sh xusheng. ? T sh xusheng
ma?
He is a teacher. Is he a teacher?
T sh xiozhng. ? T sh xiozhng
ma?
She is a principal. Is she a principal?
W gge sh w de tngxu.
? W gge sh w de tngxu ma?
My older brother is my classmate. Is my older brother my
classmate?
N sh w de pngyu. N sh
w de pngyu ma?
You are my friend. Are you my friend?
READING DRILL
W
T
Tmen

bba
mma
gge

sh

losh
xusheng
tngxu

ma?

N
Nmen
Wmen

ddi
mimei
jijie

pngyou
xiozhng
yunzhng

LESSON 9
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
- zh - this
- n - that
- zh xi - these
- n xi - those
Zh sh w de gge.
This is my older brother.
Zh xi sh w de losh.
These are my teacher.
N sh w de tngxu.
That is my classmate.
N b sh t de jijie.
That is not his older sister.
Zh sh w mma de losh.
This is my moms teacher.
N b sh w de pngyou. N
sh w de losh.
That is not my friend, that is my teacher.
N xi sh n de losh ma?
Are those your teachers?

B sh, n sh w de xiozhng.
No, That is my principal.
READING DRILL
w
Zh
t
N

tmen
b

sh

de
n

Zhxi
nmen
Nxi

wmen

LESSON 10
OCCUPATIONS (1)

- yshng - doctor
- yy - dentist
- hsh - nurse
- xnlxuji - psychologist
- yojsh - pharmacist
- shngrn - businessman
- kuijsh - accountant
- chsh - chef

losh
xusheng
tngxu
pngyou
xiozhng
yunzhn
g
bba
mma
gge
ddi
mimei
jijie

ma?

 - dinno chngx shjsh - computer

programmer
fwyun waiter; attendant
SAMPLE SENTENCES
W bba sh yshng.
My dad is a doctor.
Nmen mma sh yy ma?
Is your mother a dentist?
Tmen jijie b sh hsh.
Their older sister is not a nurse.
Zoshang ho! Zh sh wmen de
xnl xu ji.
Good morning! This is our psychologist
T sh wmen de yojsh.
She is our pharmacist.
Xiw ho! T sh nmen de
kuijsh ma?
Good afternoon! Is he your accountant?
W gge sh shngrn.
My older brother is a businessman.
Nn sh chsh ma?
Are you a chef?
W b sh dinno chngx shj sh.
I am not a computer programmer.
Fwyun, n ho.
Hello! Waiter!

LESSON 11
ADVERBS (1)

Adverbs in the Chinese grammar are always placed beside

the verb. Unlike in English, it is usually placed in the last part of
the sentence. Here are the two basic adverbs. (b) is also an
adverb.
- y - also
- du - all; both
SUBJECT + ADVERB + VERB + OBJECT
SUBJECT + + VERB + OBJECT
W y sh losh.
I am also a teacher.
Tmen y sh xusheng.
They are also students.
Wmen y sh yy.
We are also dentists.
SUBJECT ++ VERB + OBJECT
Wmen du sh chsh.
We are all chefs.
Tmen du sh dinno chngx
shjsh.
They are all computer programmers.
Nmen du sh yshng ma?
Are you all doctors?
SUBJECT + + + VERB + OBJECT
N xi y du sh xusheng.
Those are all students too.
Tmen y du sh yojsh.

They are all pharmacists too.

Nmen y du sh shngrn.
You are all businessmen too.
SUBJECT + + + VERB + OBJECT
W y b sh chsh.
I am not also a chef.
Tmen y b sh dinno chngx
shjsh.
They are not also a computer programmer.
Nmen y b sh yshng.
You are also not doctors.
SUBJECT + + + VERB + OBJECT
All are not
N xi du b sh xusheng.
Those are all not students.
Tmen du b sh yojsh.
They are all not pharmacists.
Nmen du b sh shngrn.
You are all not businessmen.
SUBJECT + + + VERB + OBJECT
Not all are
Tmen b du sh hsh.
They are not all nurses.
Tmen b du sh yojsh.
They are not all pharmacists.
Nmen b du sh xnlxuji.
You are not all businessmen.

LESSON 12

FAMILY MEMBERS (2)

- irn - may refer to husband or wife
- zhngfu - husband
- qzi - wife
- rzi - son
- n'r - daughter
- y - aunt
- shshu - uncle (father's younger brother)
- ninai - grandmother (father's side)
- yye - grandfather (father's side)
- wigng - grandfather (mother's side)
- wip - grandmother (mother's side)
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Zh sh w de irn. T sh
dinno chngx shj sh.
This is my husband. He is a computer programmer.
Tmen sh w de zhngfu. T sh
yshng.
He is my husband. He is a doctor.
T b sh w de qzi. T sh w
de jijie.
She is not my wife. She is my older sister.
Tmen de rzi sh
xusheng. Tmen de n'r y sh xusheng.
Their son is a student. Their daughter is also a student.
W bba de y sh shngrn.
Shshu, zijin! Shngd boyu nn.
W de ninai sh losh.
W de wip y sh losh.

My dads mom (grandma) is a teacher. My moms mom

(grandma) is also a teacher.
N de wigng sh yy ma?
Is your grandpa (moms dad) a dentist?
Tmen de yye sh yunzhng.
Their granddad (dads dad) is a dean.
SUPPLEMENTARY WORDS
- hizi - child
- nnrn - man
- nrn - woman
- nn pngyou - boyfriend
- n pngyou - girlfriend

LESSON 13
PLACES (1)
- ji - house
- xuxio - school
- dxu - university
- fngun - restaurant
- shngdin - store
- chosh - supermarket
- yyun - hospital
- huchzhn - train station
-ynhng - bank
-bngngsh - office
-tshguan - library

 - canting - canteen
- csu - comfort room
- zhnsu - clinic

LESSON 14
INDICATING ONES LOCATION
SENTENCES
The following words are used to indicate ones location:
- zi - to be in or at
- q - to go
- zh - to live at
- zhl - here
-zhr - here
-nl - there
- nr - there
SUBJECT + + PLACE

W de yshng zi yyun.
My doctor is in the hospital.

W bba zi huchzhn.
My dad is in the trainstation

T de mimei zi xuxio ma?

Is his younger sister in the school?

T de y zi ji ma?

Is her aunt in the house?

W de qzi zi w mma de fngun.

My wife is in my moms restaurant.

W de tngxumen zi w gge de shngdin.

My classmates are in my older brothers shop

N bba zi nl ma?
Is my dad there?

Wmen de chsh zi zhl.

Our chef is here.
Additional Information on Chinese Grammar
FORMING WHERE SENTENCES
- nr - where
- nl - where
In forming sentences with interrogative pronouns such as
where, you need to just replace the word that is to be
questioned in the sentence.

W mma zi shngdin. W mma zi nr?
My mom is in the shop. Where is my mom?

N shshu zi zhl. N shshu zi nl?
Where is your uncle.

LESSON 15

OCCUPATIONS (2)
SENTENCES
- gngchngsh - engineer
- jinzhsh - architect
- lsh - lawyer
- zhyun - employee
- jngl - manager
- zhf - housewife
- zuji - writer
- jzh - reporter
SUPPLEMENTARY WORDS
- xinsheng - mister
- xioji miss
SAMPLE SENTENCES

W bba sh gngchngsh. W gge y sh gngchngsh.

My dad is an engineer. My older brother is also an engineer.

W mm sh lsh. W jiji y sh lsh.

My mom is a lawyer. My older sister is also a lawyer.

W sh zuji.
I am a writer
W mma sh zhf.
My mom is a housewife.
Wnshng ho! L jngl b zi zhl.
Good evening! Manager Lee is not here.

W bba de jinzhsh zi wmen

dxu.
My dads architect is in our university.
Zhyun zi bngngsh.
The employee is in the office.
W gge sh jzh. T zi Mnl.
My older brother is a reporter. He is in Manila.
Additional Information on Chinese Grammar
FORMING WHO SENTENCES
- shu / shi - who

W de losh sh Wng losh. N de losh sh shi?

L jngl sh ynhng de jngl. Shu sh ynhng de jngl?

N sh w bba. N sh shu?
CHINESE NAMES
Unlike English, Chinese names consist of a family name and
a first name. Family name is usually stated first before the first
name. Usually Chinese names have two or three character name.
Four character names are rare.
Examples:
- Chng Lng - Jackie Chan
- L Xiolng - Bruce Lee
- Y Jnn - Richard Yap
- Zhng Jnzh - Kim Chiu

MOST COMMON SURNAMES

Here are the five most common family names in China.
- Wng - Wang
- L - Li
- Zhng - Zhang
- Li - Liu
- Chn - Chen
Additional information about Chinese Grammar
Addressing People by their Profession
English way: Profession first before surname
Chinese Way: Surname first before profession
Example:
Atty. Li - - L lsh
Teacher Wang - - Wng losh
Manager Chen - - Chn jngl
INSTITUTIONAL RELATIONSHIP
To indicate institutional relationship, follow this pattern:
MODIFIER + + OBJECT BEING MODIFIED
- ynhng de jngl - bank manager
- yyun de hsh - hospital nurse
- dxu de jinzhsh - university architect

LESSON 16
FOOD
THE VERB
- ch - to eat
- ci - dish
- mfn - rice meal
- shugu - fruit
- pnggu - apple
- xgu - watermelon
- ptao - grapes
- xingjio - banana
- y - fish
- yngru - lamb meat
- niru - beef
- jru - chicken meat
- zhru - pork
- jdn - egg
- dngo - cake
- minbo - bread
- mintio - noodles
SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT
W mma ch shugu.
My mom eats fruits.
W bba ch jru.
My dad eats chicken
W ninai ch y.
My grandmother eats fish.
W gge ch niru.
My older brother eats beef.

SUBJECT + ADVERB + VERB + OBJECT

T pngyou b ch dngo.
His friend do not eat cake.
T de yye y ch yngru.
His grandfather also eats lamb.
Wmen du ch xgu.
We all eat watermelon.
Tmen b du ch ci.
They do not all eat the dish.

LESSON 17
DRINKS
THE VERB
- h - to drink
- guzh - juice
- pji - beer
- ch - tea
- shu - water
- kfi - coffee
- kl - cola

Nnrnmen h pji. Nrnmen y h pji

Men drink beer. Women also drink beer.

Wmen losh b h kl.

Our teacher do not drink cola.

Nmen de wigng h ch ma?

Does your grandpa drink tea?

Tmen du h kfi.
They all drink coffee

Tmen de mma h guzh.

Their mother drinks juice.
Additional Information on Chinese Grammar
Conjunction h
The conjunction is use to combine two or more nouns
together. It means and in English. This conjuction cant be
combined with
Noun 1 + +Noun 2
W bba h mm
My mom and dad
t gg h dd
His older brother and younger brother
jru h niru
chicken and beef
kfi h ch
coffee and tea

LESSON 18
MODAL VERBS
MODAL VERBS are verbs that can be used along with
another verb. It can also be used on its own. Modal means mood.
It establishes feelings of the action.
- i - to love
- xhuan - to like

 - xing - to want; to miss

W i n. I love you.
W y i n. I love you too.
W xhun n. I like you.
W y xhun n. I like you too.
W xing n. I miss you.
W y xing n. I miss you too.
SUBJECT + MODAL VERB + VERB + OBJECT
W xing h kfi.
I like to drink coffee
W bba i ch zhru.
My dad loves to eat pork.
Loshmen i h kfi.
The teachers love to drink coffee.
SUBJECT + ADVERB + MODAL VERB + VERB + OBJECT
T b xhun ch xgu.
She dont like to eat watermelon.
W dd y xhun h ch.
My younger brother also likes to drink tea.
Wmen de xiozhng y b i ch
dngo.
Our principal also dont love to eat cake.

LESSON 19
NUMBERS (1)
/ - lng zero
- y - one

 - r - two
- sn - three
- s - four
- w - five
- li - six
- q - seven
- b - eight
- ji - nine
- sh - ten
- sh y - eleven
- sh r - twelve
- sh sn - thirteen
- sh s - fourteen
- sh w - fifteen
- sh li - sixteen
- sh q - seventeen
- sh b - eighteen
- sh ji - nineteen
- r sh - twenty
- r sh y - 21
- r sh r - 22
- r sh sn - 23
- r sh w - 25
- r sh ji - 29
- sn sh - 30
- s sh - 40
- wsh - 50
- li sh - 60
- q sh - 70

 - b sh - 80
- ji sh - 90
- ji sh ji - 99
- ybi - 100

LESSON 20
BASIC MEASURE WORDS
Three slices of bread, four bottles of wine, three pieces of
paper. Slices, bottles, pieces are examples of measure words in
English. Measure words are required in indicating a quantity in
Chinese. Without these measure words, it will be not
grammatically correct.
Measure words vary depending on the objects being
quantified. Here are some examples of measure words:
- g - general quantifier
- su - quantifier for age
- bn - quantifier for books
- xi - some
- kui - piece; unit of money in China
NUMBER + MEASURE WORD + OBJECT
- sn ge xusheng - three doctors
- ling ge gge - two older brothers
- bsh ge hsh - eighty nurses
- ybi ge losh - 100 teachers
- y xi shugu - some fruits
- s bn sh - four books
- li sh kui - 60 RMB (Renminbi - Currency of China)

 - b kui minbo - eight slices of bread

EXPRESSING AGE
W rsh su. - I am 20 years old.
W mm sh lish'r su. - My mom is 62
years old.
T de losh rshli su. - His teacher is 26
years old.
In quantifying objects, you should use (ling) instead of
(r)

LESSON 21
EXPRESSING THE TIME AND DATE
Part of the basics in learning a specific language is you learn
how to express time and date in Chinese. Here are the following
words you need to learn:
EXPRESSING THE DATE
Days of the week
- xngq - week
- xngqy - Monday
- xngq'r - Tuesday
- xngqsn - Wednesday
- xngqs - Thursday
- xngqw - Friday
- xngqli - Saturday
- xngqtin - Sunday (oral)
- xngqr - Sunday (written)

Months of the Year

- yu - month
- y yu - January
- r yu - February
- sn yu - March
- s yu - April
- w yu - May
- li yu - June
- q yu - July
- b yu - August
- ji yu - September
- sh yu - October
- sh y yu - November
- sh r yu - December
Supplementary Words
- nin - year
- r - day
- ho - day
In forming the date in Chinese, it is arranged from biggest
unit of time to the smallest unit of time. Therefore, year comes
first, then the month, then the day.
In expressing the year in Chinese, numbers in the year are
enumerated one by one.
Example: 2015 - The Year Two thousand fifteen
Chinese way: two-zero-one-five-year

 - r lng y w nin
1989 - - y ji b ji nin
1949 - - y ji s ji nin
In expressing the months, it is already given above.
In expressing the day, translate 1-31 in Chinese then add the
word (hao) for spoken Chinese, then (ri) for written Chinese.
Now, lets combine the year, month, and day
Examples:
July 26, 1989 - / - y ji b ji nin
q yu r sh li r/ho
July 24, 2015 - / - r lng y w
nin q yu r sh s ho/r
June 12, 1898 - / - y b ji b nin
li yu sh r ho/r
December 25, 2000 - / - r lng
lng lng nin sh r yu r sh w r/ho
EXPRESSING TIME
- din(zhng) - oclock / hour
- fn(zhng) - minutes
- mio(zhng) - seconds
- k - quarter / 15 minutes
- ch - to lack; the difference of
- bn - half
1:00
1:05

- y din
() - y din (ling) w fn

2:00
2:15
2:30
2:45

3:55
1:23:45
2:32:56

- ling din
- ling din y k
- ling din shw fn
- ling din bn
- ling din snsh fn
- ling din sn k
- ling din sshw fn
- ch shw fn sn din
- ch y k sn din
- ch w fn s din
- sn din wshw fn
- y din rshsn fn
sshw mio
- ling din snsh'r fn
wshli mio

LESSON 21
ADVERBS OF TIME (1)

Units for time such as days, months, weeks, parts of the day,
years, hours, minutes are adverbs of time. Here are other adverbs
of time.
- jntin - today
- mngtin - tomorrow
- zutin - yesterday
- shngw - morning
- zhngw - noon
- xiw - afternoon
- xinzi - now

 - jnnin - this year

- mngnin - next year
- qnin - last year
SUBJECT + ADVERB OF TIME + PREDICATE
W xinzi q dxu.
I am going to school now.
W b din zi xuxio.
I am in the school at 8 oclock.
W zhngw ch ci.
I am going to eat by noon.
Tmen de n'r s din q yyun.
Their daughter goes to the hospital at 4 oclock.
ADVERB OF TIME + SUBJECT + PREDICATE
Xinzi w q dxu.
I am going to school now.
B din w zi xuxio.
I am in the school at 8 oclock.
Zhngw w ch ci.
I am going to eat by noon.
S din tmen de n'r q yyun.
Their daughter goes to the hospital at 4 oclock.
If there are two or more adverbs of time in a sentence, the
larger unit of time comes first before the smaller unit.
shngw q din - 7 oclock in the morning
xiw s din - 4 oclock in the afternoon
jntin xiw - today afternoon


LESSON 24
SENTENCES
- yu - have
- mi - not
- miyu - dont have
Affirmative Form
SUBJECT + + OBJECT
W mma yu sn sh ge xusheng.
My mom has 30 students.
T de gge yu
s g hizi, ling ge nn hizi, ling ge n hizi.
His older brother has 4 children, 2 boys and 2 girls.
Wmen de dxu yu y bi ge losh.
Our university has 100 teachers.
W jijie yu s su de rzi.
My older sister has a 4 year old son.
Wmen du yu.
We all have.
Negative Form
SUBJECT + + + OBJECT
Not
Csu miyu shu.
The washroom dont have water
W de ddi miyu n pngyu.
My younger brother dont have girlfriend.
Tmen miyu losh.

They dont have teacher.

Wmen miyu lsh.
We dont have lawyer.
Wmen du miyu.
We all dont have.

LESSON 24
THINGS (1)
- dngxi - thing; may mean food
- bizi - cup
- qin - money
- yfu - clothes
- zhuzi - table; desk
- yzi - chair
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Zh sh w de bizi.
This is my cup.
N yu qin ma?
Do you have money?
Zh sh n de zhuzi ma?
Is this your table?
N sh w mm de yfu.
That is my moms clothes.
Jntin w ch dngxi.
I eat today.

LESSON 25
ADJECTIVES (1)

 - ho - good
- hui - bad
- lng - cold
- r - hot
- goxng - happy
- kuil - happy
- shngxn - sad
- pioliang - beautiful
- shui - handsome
- hokn - beautiful; good looking
- nnkn - ugly; bad looking
- go - high; tall
- i - short (in height)
- mng - busy
- ln - lazy
- kui - fast
- mn - slow
- hoch - delicious
- nnch - bad taste / hard to eat
- d - big
- xio - small
- du - many
- sho - few
SUPPLEMENTARY WORDS
Adverbs (2)
- hn - very
- ti - too
SUBJECT + ADVERB + ADJECTIVE

Wmen de losh hn ho.

W mm hn goxng.
Wng jngl b ti kui.
Zh ge pnggu hn ho ch.
Nmen du hn ln.
Nxi xushng hn go.

LESSON 26
VERBS AND THEIR OBJECTS
- kn - to watch
- dinyng - movie
- dinsh - television
- bozh - newspaper
- sh - book
W jntin kn dinyng.
W jijie i knsh.
Shu kn dinsh?
N xhuan kn bozh ma?
Nmen zi nr kn dinyng?
- tng - to listen
- ynyu - music
- lyn - recording
W de xusheng tng ynyu.
W bba tng lyn.

N xhuan tng ynyu ma?

W b xhun tng ynyu. W qzi
xhun.
- shuhu - to talk
- shu - to speak
- Hny - Chinese language
- Yngy - English
- Ry - Japanese
W mma shu Yngy.
Tmen de losh shu Hny.
T de Ry hn ho.
- d - to read
W xhuan dsh.
- xi - to write
- Hnz
- z
- xn
W b xhuan xi Hnz.
W de xiozhng xi xn.
- knjin - to see
W knjin n de pngyu.
T knjin xnl xu ji.
- li - to come
W bba li. W mma y li.

N de losh li ma?
T b li.
W ling din li.
- hu - to go back
N hu ji ma?
W de losh hu xuxio.
W mma de yshng hu yyun.
- shujio - to sleep
W sh din shujio.
W hn xhun shujio.
- d dinhu - to make a phone call
Shu d dinhu?
N mma d dinhu le.
Xnlxu ji d dinhu le.
- zu - to do something; to make or create
- zufn - to cook
N zu shnme?
W zu fn.
T zu ci.
- mi - to buy
W de xiozhng xing mi pnggu.
T de mimei xhuan mish.
Mi xingjio, mi kl, mi shugu

 - ki - to begin; to open
- kich - to drive

Jntin wmen q chosh. W

bba kich.
Mngtin wmen q ynhng. W
mm kich.
- zu - to sit; to ride
Fij
zxngch
huch
gnggng qch
chz ch
qng zu.
Jntin w zu huch.
T de nn pngyu xhun zu fij.
N xux shnme?
W xux hny.
W xhun xux ry.
N de gngzu shnme? W sh shngrn.
N zu shnme gngzu? W sh yy.
Hu
nng
w hu kich.
W ninai hu shu hny ma?
T de pngyu hu zu fn.
W dd hu xi hnz.
W de yshng b hu kich.
Zutin w bnng shujio. Jntin w nng shujio.
W bnng li.
N nng knjin n de mm ma?
N zutin nng q mnl ma?
W y nng knjin wmen de losh.

- xux - to study

- gngzu - to work; work

LESSON 18
HELPING VERBS

LESSON 18
PAST TENSE, PROGRESSIVE TENSE,
AND FUTURE TENSE

SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT +

PROGRESSIVE TENSE
SUBJECT + + VERB + OBJECT +
SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT +
SUBJECT + + VERB + OBJECT

LESSON 15

DIRECTIONS

UNIT 4
CONVERSATIONAL CHINESE
CONVERSATIONAL CHINESE
Conversation Model No. 1
Simple introduction
Christian

W sh Christian.W sh xusheng.
Emman
W sh Emman.W sh xusheng.
Venice
W sh Venice.W sh xusheng.
Aubrhie
W sh Aubhrie.W sh xusheng.
CONVERSATIONAL CHINESE
Conversation Model no. 2
A
N mma sh yshng ma?
B
B sh, t sh hsh.
A
N gge sh xusheng ma?
B
W gge b sh xusheng.W gge sh losh.
A
N sh n de xusheng ma?
B
Sh, n sh w de xusheng.
SUBSTITUTION DRILL
yshng
chsh
yojsh
A: N sh hsh ma?
B: W sh hsh.

fwyun
shngrn
kuijsh

mma
gge
ddi
mimei
jijie

yshng
chsh
yojsh
kuijsh
dinno chngx
shjsh

A: N bba sh yunzhng ma?

B: B sh, W bba sh yshng.
CONVERSATIONAL CHINESE
Conversation Model no. 3
Asking if someone is there:
A
Wmen losh zi ma?
B
B zi. T zi fngun.
A
Bba zi zhl ma?
B
Zi.
Asking someones location:
A
Nmen de xusheng zi nr?
B
Wmen de xusheng zi shngdin.
A

yy
fwyun
yshng
shngrn
xnlxuji

N mma zi nr?
B
W mma zi ji.
A
T de losh zi nl?
B Manila
T de losh zi Manila.
Asking someones destination:
A
N mma q nr?
B
W mma q chosh.
A
N q nr?
B
W q tshgun.
Asking someones address
A
N ji zi nl?
B Malolos
W ji zi Malolos.
A
N zh zi nr?
B Apalit, Pampanga
W zh zi Apalit, Pampanga.
CONVERSATIONAL CHINESE

Conversation Models no. 4

A
T sh shu?
B Karina
T sh Karina.
A
N sh shu?
B
N sh w gge. T sh gngchngsh.
A
N de losh sh shu?
B
W de losh sh Wng losh.
A
T zi ma?
B
B zi.
A
Wng losh zi nl?
B
Wng losh zi tshgun.
CONVERSATIONAL CHINESE
Conversation Models no. 5
- jio - to call someone; to be called as
- xng - surname
- shnme - what
- mngz - name
- guxng - your family name (formal way)

 - qngwn - May I ask?

A
N jio shnme?
B Nathaniel
W jio Nathaniel.
A
N jio shnme mngz?
B Joel Carlo
W jio Joel Carlo.
A
Nn guxng?
B Roces, Elizabeth Roces
W xng Roces, jio Elizabeth Roces.
A
N xng shnme?
B
W xng Chn.
CONVERSATIONAL CHINESE
Conversation Model no. 6
Asking What to Eat and Drink
A
N xing ch shnme?
B
W xing ch png gu.
A

N mm xing h shnme?
B
W mm xing h kfi.
A
N i ch shnme shugu?
B
W i ch xingjio.
CONVERSATIONAL CHINESE
Conversation Model no. 6

Asking about your state

A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
CONVERSATIONAL CHINESE
Conversation Model no. 7
Asking about the weather.

A
B

A
B
CONVERSATIONAL CHINESE
Conversation Model no. 7

Asking about the time

A
B
A
B
A
B
Asking about the day of the week
A
B
A
B
A
B
Asking about the date

A
B
A
B
A
B
Asking about the date of birth
A
B
A
B
A
B
Asking WHEN?
A
B
A
B
A
B

CONVERSATIONAL CHINESE
Conversation Model no. 8

Buying in a store
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
Asking for amount
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B

CONVERSATIONAL CHINESE
Conversation Model no. 9

A
B
A
B
A
B
CONVERSATIONAL CHINESE
Conversation Model no. 10

A
B
A
B

CONVERSATIONAL CHINESE
Conversation Model no. 11

REFERENCES
BOOK REFERENCES
Hanban / Confucius Institute Headquarters (2010). Pandaigdigang Kurikulo para sa
Pag-aaral ng Wikang Intsik. Beijing. Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
Lin X. and Tao W. (2008). Ang Aking Picture Dictionary sa Wikang Tsino. Beijing. The
Commercial Press
Yuhua K. and Siping L. (2005). Conversational Chinese 301 (). 3rd Edition: Beijing.
Beijing Language and Culture University Press
Yuhua K. and Siping L. (2005). Conversational Chinese 301 (). 3rd Edition: Beijing.
Beijing Language and Culture University Press
Liping J., Fang W., Feng W., and Liping L. (2014). Standard Course HSK 1. 1 st Edition:
Beijing. Beijing Language and Culture University Press
Corazon Koh Chua Ph.D., Margareth Joy Chan Ph.D. (2011). Easy Mandarin 1. Rex
Book Store Inc. Manila, Philippines
ONLINE REFERENCES
ChinesePod - http://www.chinesepod.com
ChineseClass101 - http://www.chineseclass101.com
YouTube Off The Wall Channel - http://www.youtube.com/offthewall
LINE Dictiolinedictionary.naver.com