Training Requirement: Subsea Pipeline

Discipline
Subsea
Pipeline
Engineering
*

Topic

a) Subsea Field Components

b) Field Layout and Pipeline

Route Selection

c) Pipeline & Riser system

d) Design Codes

e) Material selection

f) Wall Thickness Design

Description

Flowlines & Pipelines

Tie-in Spools & Jumpers
Risers
Xmas Trees
Umbilicals
Deep Water Manifolds and
Templates
Flanges & Diverless Connectors
Subsea Structures
Development Options
Field Architecture
Subsea Features and Obstructions
Geophysical Survey
Geotechnical Survey
Pipeline Route Selection
Single pipes
Piggybacked Pipes
Pipe-In-Pipe
Bundles
Safety Considerations
Main Standards for Subsea Pipelines
Battery Limits
Design Format
Cost and Safety
Suitability for Process Conditions
Operational Reliability
Design for Integrity
Optimization of Life Cycle Costs
Mechanical Properties
Corrosion Resistance
Ease of Fabrication
Coatings
Design Life
Safety classification
Limit States Deign
Burst Criterion
External Collapse Criterion

g) Local Buckling for

Stress/Strain Based Design

h) Expansion, Tie-in Spools,

and Flanges

i) Pipeline Global Buckling

j) On-bottom stability

k) Pipeline Spanning & VIV

Assessment

l) Pipeline Installation
Methods

m) Pre-commissioning

Subsea

a) Introduction to Free Spans

Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking

(HISC)
Load Controlled Condition
Displacement Controlled Condition
Axial Strain Checks
Strain Limits and ECA
Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking
Alternative Design Codes
Expansion of Pipelines
Calculating Expansion
Code Requirements for Tie-in Spools
Types of Flanges
Reasons for Global Buckling
Various Modes of Buckling
Key Factors in Global Buckling
Integrity of a Pipelines
Factors Influencing On-Bottom
Stability
Checks for Pipeline Stability
Remedial Actions for Stability
Free Span
In-line and Cross flow VIV
Parameters Affecting Free Spans
Screening Criteria
Detailed Assessment of Free Spans
VIV Fatigue
Direct Wave Fatigue
S-Lay
J-Lay
Reel Lay
Towing
Testing and Pre-Commissioning
Process
Onshore Hydrotest
Offshore Strength Test
Tie-in of Components
Offshore Leak Test
Dewatering and Drying
Nitrogen Packing
Where free spans exist?

Pipeline Free
Span and
VIV*

b) Free Span Induced Failure

Modes

c) Free Span Assessment

Approaches

d) Safety Factors

e) Structural Response of
Free Spanning Pipeline

f) Screening Level
Assessment

Free span characterization;

Parameters affecting free span
response;
Interacting spans.
Fatigue due to in-line and cross-flow
vortex induced vibration (VIV);
Fatigue due to direct wave and
current cyclic loading;
Strength failure (yield) due to pipe
self weight and maximum
environmental loading.
Screening;
Detailed fatigue assessment based on
simplified structural response model;
Detailed fatigue assessment
incorporating finite element
modeling;
Extent of applicability and
limitations of above approaches.
Pipeline safety class effect on general
safety factors;
Effect of certainty of free span
physical parameters on safety
factors;
Safety factors for screening criteria.
Modeling of pipe-soil interaction
(stiffness and damping);
Span effective length;
Natural frequencies and effect of
pressure and temperature;
Stress amplitudes;
Static bending and deflection.
Required wave and current
information;
Reduced velocity;
Check against in-line vibration;
Check against cross-flow vibration;
Check against direct wave and
current cyclic loading
Limitations of screening level

assessment.

g) In-Line VIV

h) Cross-Flow VIV

Risk-Based
Pipeline
Integrity
Management
*

a) Overview of Integrity
Management: Codes and
Standards

b) Threat/Anomaly
identification

Important In-Line parameters;

In-line response model;
In-line VIV amplitude;
In-line induced stress range;
In-line vibration frequency;
In-line damage.
Important Cross-Flow parameters;
Cross-flow response model;
Cross-flow VIV amplitude;
Cross-flow induced stress range;
Cross-flow vibration frequency;
Cross-flow damage;
Cross-flow induced in-line motion
ASME B31.8S "Managing System
Integrity of Gas Pipelines"
API standard 1160 "Managing
System Integrity for Hazardous
Liquid pipelines"
DNV RP-F116 Integrity
Management of Submarine Pipeline
Systems
NACE Recommended Practice 102
Inspection of pipelines
Energy Institute Guidelines for the
management of integrity of subsea
facilities
Manufacturing related anomalies
o Lamination
o Lamellar tearing
o Cracking
o Geometrical anomalies
o Fabrication related anomalies
o Cracking
o Misalignment
o Welding related defects
In-service (operation) related
anomalies:
o Corrosion (internal, external)
o Corrosion of welds

c) Pipeline Integrity
Management (PIM)
Systems

d) Risk-based inspection of
pipelines

e) Risk Assessment

f) Pipeline inspection and

testing

o Third party damages

o Cracking
o High temperature damage
Company and individual policy
Management of change in operation
(service)
Operational controls
Contingency (reserve) plans
Reporting/Audit and review
Information management (archiving)
Benefits of Risk assessment
Risk-based inspection (RBI)
Determination of inspection
interval using RBI.
Approaches in various codes
o UK - IGE/TD/1 Edition 4, PSR
(1996),
PD8010
o USA - API 1160, ASME B31.8,
49CFR
192&195, API 571/580/581
o Canada - CSA Z 662-99
o Australia HB 105 (1998)
Risk modeling
o Level 1 Qualitative Risk
Ranking
o Level 2 Semi-quantitative
Assessment
o Level 3 Quantitative Assessment
Risk analysis/control
Risk-based inspection (RBI)
Risk Based Inspection Tools
API RBI (API)
Riskwise (TWI)
Safeti (DNV)
Preparation for inspection
o Inspection procedure
o preparation/approval
o Selection and qualification of
personnel
o Inspection history review
o Inspection techniques

Pipeline
Defect
Assessment*

a) Historical development of
Pipeline Defect
Assessment
codes/standards
b) Assessment of pipelines
anomalies such as:

Inspection techniques:
o API Standard 1163: In Line
Inspection Systems
o Key terms and definitions
o Types of tools
o Reporting requirements
Performing the inspections
Hydrostatic pressure testing
Shut-in testing
Gas/media testing
Reporting
BS7910
DNV RP-F101
API579-1/ASME FFS-1

Assessment of metal loss/corrosion

o Typical assessment procedures
for assessment of corrosion
o Simple profile defect assessment
procedure to DNV RP F101 (Part
A and B), ASME B31G,
RSTRENG and API579-1/ASME
FFS-1
o Complex-shape defect assessment
procedure to DNV RP F101 (Part
A and B), ASME B31G,
RSTRENG and API579-1/ASME
FFS-1
Calculation of safe operating
pressure of a corroded pipeline
Calculation of pipeline remaining
life
Assessment of dents and gauges
o Geometrical characteristic of
gouges and dents
o Dents assessment
procedures/acceptance criteria
o Gouges assessment
procedures/acceptance criteria
Assessment of girth welds cracklike defects (ECA)
o Type of crack-like weld defects
o ECA Assessment levels

c) Pipeline Mitigation,
Intervention and Repair

Fitness for
Service (FFS)
assessment to
API
579-1/ASME

d) Case studies/Worked
examples
a) Overview and
Opportunities for FFS
b) Introduction to API 5791/ASME FFS-1
c) FFS Assessment

o ECA outputs (acceptable flaw

sizes)
o procedures/acceptance criteria
Assessment of pipeline fatigue
o Pipeline fatigue scenarios
o Fatigue assessment approaches,
S-N curve and fatigue crack
growth
o Fatigue of pipelines in sour
service
o Fatigue assessment outputs
Assessment of Brittle/Ductile
Fracture
o What is a brittle or ductile
fracture?
o Assessment approaches for the
assessment of brittle fracture
o Assessment approaches for the
assessment of ductile fracture
Mitigation planning
o Key drivers
o Selection of the technique
o Mitigation methods
Intervention planning
o Key drivers
o Selection of the technique
o Intervention techniques
Repair and rehabilitation
o Key drivers
o Selection of the technique
o Repair techniques
o Weld metal deposition
o Welded sleeves
o Mechanical clamping
o Coating repair
o Pipe section replacement

Procedures
d) Damage Mechanisms
Overview

e) Assessment of
Equipment for:

FFS-1*

Engineering
Criticality
Assessment
(ECA) to
BS7910/DNV
OS-F101*

f) In-Service
Margins/Validation
g) Damage mechanisms and
the importance of
identification.
h) Inspection techniques for
damage mechanics with
focus on flaw
characterization
i) Overview of remaining
life assessment,
remediation, and methods
to extend the life of
damaged equipment.
j) Presentation of practical
examples of FFS
procedures.
a) Typical Fatigue and
Fracture related Failures
b) Overview of Fitness-forpurpose methods

Brittle fracture
General Metal Loss
Local Metal Loss
Pitting Corrosion
HIC, SOHIC and Hydrogen Blister
Damage
Weld Misalignment and Shell
Distortions
Crack-Like Flaws
Creep Damage and Remaining Life
Fire Damage
Dents, Gouges and Dent-Gouge
combinations
Laminations

Failure case studies

Actual failures and lesson learned
Concept of fitness-for-purpose
methods and engineering critical
assessment (eca)
Background

Parameters that influence structural

integrity

Awareness of flaw types (mainly in

welds) including fabrication and
service flaws
Materials/service issues and their
effects on fracture toughness

c) Fracture mechanics and

Fatigue theory

d) Materials issue

e) Fracture mechanics
testing
f) Non-destructive testing
(inspection)
g) Introduction to
BS7910/DNV OSF101

h) Failure Assessment
Diagram Approach

i) Fatigue assessment to
BS7910 and DNV RPC203
j) Extension of the ECA
methodology

k) Sour-service ECA

Role of NDT in ECA

Capabilities of major NDT methods
Background and definitions (flaw
types and stress categorization
Fracture assessment procedures in BS
7910 and DNV OS-F10 (calculation
steps) Fatigue of welded structures:
Background to fatigue design of
welded joints
Factors which affect the fatigue of
welds

Fracture mechanics based

calculations of fatigue crack growth

BS7910 and DNV OS-F101 Annexes

Determination of materials properties

Relevant published data
Assessment of flaw tolerance
Fracture assessment of
circumferential girth weld flaws
Guidance in BS7910 and DNV-OSF101
Guidance in DNV-RP-F108

(*Aryatech to advise about the number of days to cover these topics)