Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Submitted by:
UMANGA AMATYA
Class VII
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that UMANGA AMATYA of Class VII has prepared the report on
the Project entitled Common Human Diseases. The report is found worthy of
acceptance as project report for the subject Science of Class VII. He has prepared
the report under my guidance.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
UMANGA AMATYA
GRADE VII
Contents
1) Introduction
2) Data Collection
3) Discussion
Communicable diseases
Flu
Hepatitis
HIV/AIDS
Malaria
Tuberculosis
Non-Communicable diseases
4) Summary
5) References
INTRODUCTION
A disease is a particular abnormal condition, a disorder of a structure or function,
that affects part or all of an organism or simply a disease is defined as illness that
affects a person that prevents the body or mind from working properly.
Disease is typically manifested by distinguishing signs and symptoms, and it is a
response to environmental factors (for example, malnutrition, industrial hazards,
climate), to specific infective agents (worms, bacteria, or viruses, to inherent
defects of the organism (genetic anomalies), or to combinations of these factors:
sickness, illness- called also morbus.
Usually disease is classified into two groups:
1) Communicable diseases
2) Non-Communicable diseases
The diseases caused by infectious agents like bacteria, viruses, protozoans are
grouped into communicable diseases. While, diseases related to genetic disorder,
autoimmunity, lack of nutrition (deficiency diseases), professional and climatic
hazardous factors, physiological disorders are categorized into Non-Communicable
diseases.
Communicable diseases can transfer from one person to another through the air,
water, contaminated food, contact or carrier (mosquito). Example- Diarrhea,
Tuberculosis, Diphtheria, Chicken Pox, HIV, Malaria, Ebola, Hepatitis, etc. NonCommunicable diseases cannot be transferred from one person to another. Example
-Ischemic Heart Diseases, Stroke, Goiter, Anemia, Downs Syndrome, Lung cancer,
etc.
In the world, the most common diseases are usually infectious (communicable)
diseases. The leading communicable disease are Flu, Hepatitis, HIV/AIDS,
Cholera, Malaria, Dengue, Measles, Pneumonia, Typhoid, Tuberculosis and so on.
The common non-communicable diseases are Ischemic Heart Diseases, Stroke,
Diabetes, Gastroesophageal reflux disease, Allergy, Hypertension, Asthma, Breast
Cancer, Anemia and so on.
Data collection
Discussion
HIV/AIDSHIV is a virus that gradually attacks the immune system, which is our bodys
natural defence against illness. If a person becomes infected with HIV, they will
find it harder to fight off infections and diseases. The virus destroys a type of white
blood cell called a T-helper cell and makes copies of itself inside them.
AIDS is a syndrome caused by the HIV virus.It is when a persons immune system
is too weak to fight off many infections, and develops when the HIV infection is
very advanced. This is the last stage of HIV infection where the body can no longer
defend itself and may develop various diseases, infections and if left untreated,
death.
Malaria
Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease that affects more than 500 million people
annually, causing between 1 and 3 million deaths. It is most common in tropical
and subtropical climates and is found in 90 countriesbut 90% of all cases are
found in Sub-Saharan Africa. Most of its victims are children. The first stage
consists of shaking and chills, the next stage involves high fever and severe
headache, and in the final stage the infected person's temperature drops and he or
she sweats profusely. Infected people also often suffer from anemia, weakness, and
a swelling of the spleen. Malaria was almost eradicated 30 years ago; now it is on
the rise again.
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis causes nearly 2 million deaths every year, and WHO estimates that
nearly 1 billion people will be infected between 2000 and 2020 if more effective
preventive procedures are not adopted. The TB bacteria are most often found in the
lungs, where they can cause chest pain and a bad cough that brings up bloody
phlegm. Other symptoms include fatigue, weight loss, appetite loss, chills, fever,
and night sweats.
DiabetesDiabetes is a group of diseases that affect insulin production and use. In type 1
diabetes, the pancreas can no longer produce insulin. The cause is not known. In
type 2 diabetes, the pancreas doesnt produce enough insulin, or it cant be used
effectively. Type 2 diabetes can be caused by a number of factors, including poor
diet, lack of exercise, and carrying too much weight.
In 2012, about 1.5 million people died from diabetes-related causes, according to
WHO. People in low to middle income countries are more likely to die from
complications of diabetes.
Allergy
An allergy is a reaction by your immune system to something that does not bother
most other people. People who have allergies often are sensitive to more than one
thing. Substances that often cause reactions are Pollen, Dust mites, Food,
Medicines, etc.
Allergies can cause a variety of symptoms such as a runny nose, sneezing, itching,
rashes, swelling, or asthma. Allergies can range from minor to severe. Anaphylaxis
is a severe reaction that can be life-threatening. Doctors use skin and blood tests to
diagnose allergies. Treatments include medicines, allergy shots, and avoiding the
substances that cause the reactions.
Asthma
Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by
variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction and
bronchospasm. Common symptoms include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness,
and shortness of breath. Asthma is thought to be caused by a combination of
genetic and environmental factors.
Summary
References
1) www.merriam-webster.com
2) www.infoplease.com
3) www.healthline.com
4) www.en.wikipedia.org
5) www.ranker.com
6) www.avert.org
7) www.medlineplus.gov