EUROPEAN UNION

EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

Civil Engineering

Dawid Mdry

Metal Structures

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

Acknowledgement
I express my gratitude to professor Antoni Biegus for
making available to me the materials incorporated in
his book Stalowe budynki halowe (Steel industrial
buildings), which were mainly used at drawing this work up

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

Complementary graphic materials

to lectures and designing on metal structures

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

Contents
1. INDUSTRIAL FRAME BUILDINGS
1.1. Metal skeleton of frame industrial buildings.....1-31
1.2. Roof covering and wall cladding......32-38
1.3. Secondary framing purlins and bracings.....39-50
1.4. Secondary framing girts and columns......51-63
1.5. Primary framing rafters......64-86
1.6. Primary framing columns.......87-100
1.7. Primary framing haunches ..101-105
1.8. Crane runway beams...106-110
1.9. Actions on industrial buildings...111-116
References......117
2. LONG-SPAN COVERINGS
2.1. Planar and barrel vault space structures........118-128
2.2. Domes.129-135
2.3. Cable girders..136-142
3.SILOS AND TANKS..143
4.TOWERS, MASTS AND CHIMNEYS..144
5.SKELETONS OF MULTISTOREY BUILDINGS....145-153
References.154
Standards related to the course....155

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

1. INDUSTRIAL FRAME BUILDINGS

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

1.1. Metal skeleton of frame industrial buildings

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

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Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

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Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

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Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

19

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

20

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

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21

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

22

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

23

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

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EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

24

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

25

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

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EUROPEAN
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

26

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

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27

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

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28

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

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29

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

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30

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

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31

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

1. 2. Roof covering and wall cladding

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

32

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

33

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

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SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

34

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

35

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

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EUROPEAN
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

36

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

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EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

37

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

38

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

1.3. Secondary framing purlins and bracings

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

39

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

40

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

41

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

42

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

43

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

44

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

45

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

46

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

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EUROPEAN
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

47

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

48

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

49

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

50

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

1.4. Secondary framing girts and columns

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

51

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

52

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

53

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

54

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

55

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

56

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

57

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

58

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

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EUROPEAN
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

59

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

60

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

61

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

62

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

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EUROPEAN
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

63

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

1.5. Primary framing - rafters

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

64

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

65

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

66

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

67

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

68

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

69

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70

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71

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72

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73

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

74

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

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75

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76

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77

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79

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80

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81

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82

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83

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84

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

85

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

86

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

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EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

1.6. Primary framing - columns

Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

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SOCIAL FUND

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

87

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1.7. Primary framing - haunches

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1.8. Crane runway beams

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1.9. Actions on industrial buildings general outline

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References
[1] Biegus A.: Stalowe budynki halowe. Arkady, Warszawa 2002
[2] Bogucki W.: Budownictwo stalowe. Arkady, Warszawa 1967
[3] Newman A.: Metal building systems. McGraw-Hill, New York 1997
[4] Rykaluk K.: Konstrukcje stalowe- Podstawy i elementy.
Dolnolskie Wydawnictwo Edukacyjne, Wrocaw 2001

Presented herein graphic materials are based mainly on [1],

figures: 8.5; 8.6; 8.7; 8.8; 8.9 were drawn up on the basis of [2],
figures: 1.1; 1.2; 1.3; 2.8; 2.9; 3.1; 3.2; 3.3; 3.7; 3.8; 4.3; 4.4; 5.1;
5.2; 5.7; 8.3; 8.4 on the basis of [3], figures: 5.21; 5.22 on the basis
of [4], respectively.

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2.LONG-SPAN COVERINGS

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2.1. PLANAR AND BARREL VAULT SPACE STRUCTURES

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2.2. DOMES

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134

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2.3. CABLE GIRDERS

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140

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3. SILOS AND TANKS

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Eurocode 3: EN 1993-4-1 Silos provides principles and application rules

for the structural design of steel silos of circular or rectangular plan form, being
free standing or supported. This part is concerned with requirements for
resistance and stability of steel silos, which is widely depicted in the monograph
of Eugeniusz Hotaa Nono graniczna nieuebrowanych cylindrycznych
paszczy silosw stalowych, Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocawskiej,
Wrocaw 2003 (Load-bearing capacity of unstiffened cylindrical shells in steel
silos).
Eurocode 3: EN 1993-4-2 Tanks provides principles and application rules for the
structural design of vertical cylindrical above ground steel tanks for the storage of
liquid products. This part is limited to resistance and stability problems. Other
requirements such as operational safety, functional performance, fabrication,
erection, filling devices are given in other relevant standards. Constructional
elements and details of connections are accurately shown in the work of Jerzy
Ziko Zbiorniki metalowe na ciecze i gazy, Arkady, Warszawa 1986 (Metal
tanks for liquids and gases), which provides an interesting graphical material.

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4. TOWERS, MASTS AND CHIMNEYS

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Eurocode 3: EN 1993-3, Design of steel structures: Towers, Masts and

Chimneys gives a clear procedure of calculation and construction. This part of
Eurocode 3 applies to the structural design of lattice towers, guyed masts and to
the structural design of this type of constructions. Provisions for the guys or
guyed structures, including guyed chimneys are given in EN 1993-1-11.
The lecture will be devoted to illustrated comments and explanations.
Additionally, a numerous references to norms and books treating construction
problems are given in the book of Kazimierz Rykaluk Konstrukcje StaloweKominy, wiee, maszty, Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocawskiej, Wrocaw
2004 (Steel structures- Chimneys, towers and masts), although in Polish, offers a
very interesting attempt to collect together selected topics of these structures
and to present them in a unified form. Theoretical studies are supported widely
by quality drawings.

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5. SKELETONS OF MULTISTOREY BUILDINGS

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References
[1] Bogucki W., praca zbiorowa.: Poradnik projektanta konstrukcji
metalowych, Arkady 1982.
[2] Makowski Z. S.: Analysis, design and construction of braced barrel,
Elsevier applied Science Publishers, London and New York 1985.
[3] Nooshin H.: Third International Conference on Space Structures
Elsevier applied Science Publishers, London and New York 1984.

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Standards related to the course

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Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund

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