Wireless Technologies and Infrastructures for Subscriber

Access
Abstract

A variety of subscribers access applications uses the wireless technology and the demand is
increasing as time goes. The major advantage will be communications to mobile subscribers, the
opportunity for reducing infrastructure costs in fixed systems, the ability to rapidly deploy new
systems and the implementation of communications for sparsely populated areas and global
users. A broad spectrum of fixed and mobile, terrestrial and satellite systems as well local area
networks are used or planned. Service considerations are key to the future directions in
subscriber access and local service applications of wireless technologies. Mobile and fixed local
services provided by terrestrial and satellite systems are considered. Some services might be
continuation or evaluation of the 2010 systems and others will be new as a result of technology
innovations. A lower costs for existing infrastructures will be the key success for the new
infrastructures.

Introduction
Current fixed wireless access and local service implemented with duplex point-to-point
microwave and millimeter wave systems. The duplex multichannel multipoint distribution
service and local multipoint distribution service will be included in the future point-to-multipoint
(P-MP) fixed service. US digital system uses code division multiple access (CDMA), time
division multiple access (TDMA) and groupe special mobile (GSM) technologies. The primary
focuses of future mobile systems is to provide internet access at higher speed data services. The
development work includes the high altitude long endurance (HALE), high altitude long
operating (HALO) and high altitude platform systems (HAPS). For fixed subscriber access, there
is competitive technology but for mobile subscriber, there is none. By the year 2010, mobile
cellular systems will provide access at rates above 2Mbps. The propagation issues related to the
difficult microwave multipath environment for the access systems is one of the primary technical
challenges faced by the wireless systems. The systems used must also be consistent with the low
cost requirements for subscriber terminals. There are many network issues that should be
considered by the new wireless services in which it must also accommodate existing as well as
future subscribers. The frequency spectrum been a limited natural resource, as most frequency

bands allocated to more than one service. Spectrum sharing among different radio services is
implemented where it does not impair service viability. Regulatory provisions are made for
exclusive spectrum usage by services that would be excessively restricted by sharing. All satellite
frequency band sharing can be restrictive even with the use of interference mitigation techniques.
As for the future, achieving lower cost equipment should be pursued in particular. Substantial
improvements in commercially available components and subsystems will be achieved towards
the end of next decade. New micro electromechanical devices produced using integrated circuit
technology will be used in the next decade for certain switching functions. To achieve higher
capacity applications, higher level modulation methods is introduced. P-MP implementations are
emerging in several bands, u to 40 GHz. The satellite communication networks can interoperate
with the current major technology developments. A reliable transport of data traffic is crucial
requirement for any broadband network. For the commercial applications within the next decade,
it is important for the development of software-defined radio (SDR). SDR appears to be the
single most important innovations in mobile systems. It reflects the convergence of two
dynamically developing technological forces of recent years, the digital radio and the real-time
downloadable software. The software promise for handset and base station manufacturers is
substantial as it has fewer implementation constraints in terms of size and power consumptions.
As per now, the mobile satellites are in the midst of the birth of providing global mobile personal
communications via satellite. This system provides voice and data services on global basis. The
terrestrial fixed wireless access provides access to generate heavy telecommunications between
multiple locations within the served area. The hub stations are interconnected via fibre optics
links. As a result of the need for broadband satellite networks, fixed-satellite service were
introduced. Concurrent to the rapid growth of the web is the advent of ubiquitous mobile access
to resources and services of the networked information infrastructure. Wireless ad hoc networks
are intended to provide a different kind of mobile service in which it do not rely on a preexisting
fixed infrastructure. Mobile satellite user terminals will be operating via spacecraft to gateway
earth stations. User terminals will provide user access to a mobile satellite system. The use of
SDR will allow a single terminal to be used in multiple future systems.

Findings
The established major areas of commercial wireless access technology in the USA, ranked by
deployment extent, are:
terrestrial mobile wireless access (MWA) using cellular systems in the 800 MHz and 1900 MHz
bands;
terrestrial broadband wireless access (BWA) using point-to-point (P-P) systems in the 38 GHz
and 24 GHz frequency bands;
mobile satellite service (MSS).
All these systems is aimed to provide wireless IP and the ones with sufficiently large capacity
also wireless ATM. Multimedia and full motion high definition video would be among the
services provided. By 2010, terrestrial mobile systems (MWA) will be providing a wide range of
services at the data rates up to 2 Mbps. The addition of higher frequency bands and technical
improvements will enable the growth of subscribers. Thus, handsets will be used for both mobile
and fixed service and will be capable of performing the majority of digital functions for
subscribers, excluding very broadband imaging and entertainment. The wireless service will
compete primarily with wired digital subscriber line service for this segment of the market. The
integrated mobile and fixed service should be an advantage for the wireless carrier. Whereas, the
broadband fixed satellite service (FSS) in 2010 will address multimedia and internet service and
will be part of the global information infrastructure. Competition will be with nationwide and
worldwide fibre cable systems. The mobile satellite service (MSS) will be a component of the
advanced generations of mobile telecommunication networks and will provide global coverage
and access, in areas not served by the terrestrial wireless carriers, and for users whose primary
needs are better served with a mobile satellite system.

Conclusions
The wireless technologies are being in demand for the future demand. The terrestrial systems are
still being used but the demand has been decreased compared to wireless. This is due the
activation of mobile access by the younger generation. As per known, currently the technology
has increased up to 5Mbps worldwide for a smarter way in data accessing and communication
demand. From my point of view, in future the demand for more higher data speed will be
required to satisfy the demand required.