Professional Documents
Culture Documents
and
future
trends
In
HIGH
W. H. Avery
CHE:MICAL
PROPULSION
SOLID PROPELLANTS
CURRENT PROPELLANT PLUS AIR
AUGMENTATION (EQUIVALENT)
NEW TYPES OF BINDERS AND
NEW OXIDIZERS WITH METALS
BERYLLIUM-CONTAINING PROPELLANTS
AVAILABLE
PROBABLE
UNLIKELY
CRYOGENIC SYSTEMS
H z - Fz
LOX - Hz
LOX-HYDROCARBON
HYBRID SYSTEMS
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
380
Fig. I-Trend in delivered specific impulses for various solid and liquid chemical propellants,
with values adjusted to sea levt'l at lOOO-ps ia chamber pressurt'.
Solid Rockets
.luI), -
August 1965
Astro7lautics and
~ 0.08
:.::::.
::e
~ 0.07
til
zW
0.06
cd
0g:: 0 .05
0.04
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
Liquid Rockets
Since the first experiments by Dr. Goddard ,
2.
3.
4.
5.
I ~p
Hybrid Rockets
~:
HA LF-VI EW O F NOZZLE
SHOWING AFTERBU RN IN G EFFECT
I
I
I
- - - - - 1.. -:-
___
I
I
-.J
GA IN FRO M
EX PAN SI ON
GAIN FROM
INJ ECTION
AND BURNING
Air Augtnentation
'f,-_
-----.l. . ____
BURNING)
:
-l
Fig. 3 -Schematic of thrust augmentation by aft e l'burning with air. (This material was originally published in A ... lro1/autic.~ ami Aeronautic .~. Ref. 4.)
3i 500
u
u::
=
=
~400
Vl
i
w
>
300
2 00 ~-~L---~----~----~----~--~
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Fig. 4-Performance of various solid propellant formulation s with thrust au~m e ntalion
( se e Ref. 4).
.lui)-August 1965