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BRIEF HISTORY
TOM HEINZL
UME UNIVERSITY
22 SEPTEMBER 2010
Outline
1.
2.
3.
Light
Matter
Light & Matter
1. Light
1861
1873
1905
Wikipedia
Einstein
1905 paper I
1905 paper II
On
On
= limiting velocity
Maxwells theory is
genuinely relativistic
the electrodynamics
of moving bodies
c
a heuristic aspect
concerning the creation and
transformation of light
Light = quanta of energy
= Plancks constant
= quantum of action
= 1.054 10-34 Js
Nobel Prize 1921
2. Matter
What is matter?
Choose theoretical
description accordingly
1m
10-9 m
Increasing resolution
Answer depends on
power of your
microscope or
Spatial resolution R or
Typical length scale R
10-10 m
10-15 m
10-18 m
Source: DESY
Macroscopic matter
Described
by Newtons law,
From action principle,
Microscopic matter
Requires
Brief history of QM
1913
1923
Louis de Broglie
Particles=Waves:
(Nobel prize 1929)
1925
1926
Heisenbergs matrices
Schrdingers wave eq.
(Nobel prizes 1932/33)
Wikipedia
Discussion
production
isbnlib.com
QED: Ingredients
Action:
Coupling strength in
: elementary charge or
Fine structure constant
=
is classical action
NB: no EoM !
Tree diagrams
Typically finite
Loop diagrams
Typically infinite
) electron
running coupling:
Spatial resolution
Quantum action I
Quantum action II
(powers of )
derivatives (powers of momentum/frequency)
Happy birthday!
JLs action
+
(0)
+
(2)
+
=
Maxwell
LO VacPol
+
(0)
LO Heisenberg-Euler
JLs applications
Appendix
g-2
Schwinger 1948
Loop diagram (after renormalisation):
NLO
NNLO
Numerical values:
light-by-light contribution
NNLO light-by-light scattering contributions to g-2