Final Research Paper

Influences of streaming or downloading music and the effect it has on an individuals mood.
Influences of streaming or downloading music and the effect it has on an individuals mood
Emily Boultinghouse, Kelly Dobronski and Tarik Mitchell
COM 4210: Research Methods in Communication Studies and Public Relations
Department of Communication
Wayne State University
Fall 2015
Abstract
The study we conducted was on the influences of streaming or downloading music and the effect
it has on an individuals mood. The first independent variable was types of music listening. The
second independent variable was split into two sub-variables: times per month music was
streamed and times per month music was downloaded. The dependent variable was how the
individuals mood was affected by the music. Our first hypothesis was people who listen to
streamed music would have a different mood after listening to music than people who listen to
downloaded music. Our second hypothesis was the frequency of streamed or downloaded music
will have a relationship with mood. The research question was; Are an individuals mood
affected when they stream music more frequently than download music? Our research method
used was a survey questionnaire and focus group study. Our first hypothesis was supported after
the data analysis. Our second hypothesis was not supported after the data analysis. The answer
we found to our research question was an individuals mood was affected when they streamed
music more frequently than when they downloaded music.
The way an individual chooses to listen to music, whether it is through downloading or
streaming services, that is general topic being conducted in this study. The communication
behavior that is being investigated is whether or not people prefer listening to music in a
streamed format or downloading the music, and how their preferences affect their mood.
According to a research study, 52.3 percent of participants listen to music at least two or more
hours a day, 35.1 percent of participants listen to one to two hours of music a day, and 12.6
percent of participants said they listen to music less than an hour a day (Ferguson, Greer, &
Reardon, 2007). A study that was conducted out of Winston-Salem University in North Carolina
says that according to a study conducted by a market research firm for the entertainment industry
that bought or downloaded music sales were down 19% in 2008. For teens specifically, digital
music sales and physical music sales were down 13% and 26%, respectively. An experiment that
was conducted between December 2007 and January 2009 showed that two-thirds of those teens
were regularly streaming their music (Sen, 2010).
The purpose of this study is to determine the importance in ways individuals choose to
listen and obtain music because it can help establish how to market to future music listeners and
what are their preferences. Another study conducted out of Valdosta State University says that
students no longer listen to traditional radio formats, like AM or FM. The study showed that
college students enjoyed listening to new media music sources than traditional radio, but will
sometimes still listen to traditional AM/FM radio because new sources have not completely
replaced the medium yet (Whittle, 2009).
The first theory is derived from the variable that relates to types of music listening. The
goal is to determine if individuals are more likely to listen to music streaming services or listen
to downloaded music. The second theory is derived from the variable that is designed to
determine the frequency of streaming or downloading music. The objective of this variable is to
conclude the number of times people stream or download music in a single month.
Variables
The first independent variable was designed to determine a participants music listening
source preference of streamed music or downloaded music. This variable was measured at the
nominal level with categorical values of downloading and streaming music. The second
independent variable was designed to determine a participants frequency of streaming or
downloading music. This variable was measured at the interval level based on specific numerical
values that identified a participants highest and lowest streaming or downloading frequencies.
This study included only one dependent that was devised to determine how a participants mood
was affected by their chose in how they decided to consume music. This variable was measured
at the interval level based on specific numerical values that identified a participants mood
levels. The response was on scale of 1-10 with endpoints of low enjoyment and high enjoyment.
Hypotheses and Research Questions
Since streamed music offers such a wide variety of music in an individuals favorite
music genre, we thought people would be happier or in a better mood than listening to
downloaded music. Although the music that people download are the songs they preferred to
listen to, listening to streamed music gives an individual more of a variety and plays songs they
may have forgotten about. Therefore, our first hypothesis H1 was: People who listen to streamed
music more will have a different mood after listening to music than people who listen to
downloaded music. This hypothesis was a two-tailed, group-difference one. We created a null
hypothesis H0 that was: Individuals who listen to streamed music would not have a different
mood after listening to music than people who listen to downloaded music. This hypothesis was
not used for the study, but created in the event we would need to pull the null hypothesis for our
results.
Since people would be listening to either streamed or downloaded music, people would
want to stream or download almost daily. We assumed people want a variety of songs and people
who listen to streamed or downloaded music more often will have affected mood levels because
of it. We thought people would be in a better mood listening to music through streamed or
downloaded sources. Our second hypothesis H2 was: The frequency of streamed or downloaded
music will have a relationship with mood.
Our research question was concerned with looking at the independent variable of the
study, types of music listening. We created a research question RQ stating: Are an individuals
moods affected when they stream music more frequently than download music?
Method
Do we need to write anything here?
Participants
The population of interest was students at Wayne State University. The desired sample
size for the survey was 65 students and 5 students for the focus group. After conducting the
survey, we had 50 survey participants and 4 focus group participants.
Design and Procedure
The research methods conducted for this study was to have a minimum of 50 participants
answer a survey we designed and then conduct a focus group with a minimum of 4 participants.
The survey was a cross-sectional design because as researchers, we could not directly control
variation in the independent variables and temporal order of variables. The survey measurement
method was self-report where the research participant read the questions and selected a response
without the intrusion of the researcher. The survey was a questionnaire that was given to
participants with the researcher present. The survey sampling procedure was non-random with
the selection of Wayne State University participants. The selection of participants for the focus
group was non-random as well.
The problems and issues related to the study was running into potential participants who
did not listen to music at all or having a participant who did not fully understand a question being
asked and randomly choosing a response that would affect the results come time for the data
collection and analysis. Fortunately, we did not run into any problems during the study. Had
these problems come up, we were ready to handle them in a professional manner. For those who
did not listen to music at all, we would have simply asked them to please pass on taking the
questionnaire. That would have eliminated any data that could set off the entire study. If a
participant did not understand a question being asked, we would have explained the question in
simpler terms for the participant to understand.
For the survey, we approached Wayne State University students at random while walking
through campus and we asked students in our classes as well. Before the survey was handed to
participants, we handed them an informative consent form (see Appendix A) that included
encapsulation of what the survey was for and that all responses, including personal information,
was confidential and anonymous Participants filled out the survey (see Appendix C) immediately
once it was given to them. The survey took no longer than 5 minutes to complete. Once the
survey was completed, we had a debriefing form (see Appendix B) ready for the participants to
read. It stated what the survey was about, the confidentiality of the personal information
received, and that if they wanted to follow up with the survey results, they could e-mail one of us
for the results. The survey was completed in the classrooms. A common goal was to have all
participants feel comfortable during the survey. If students did not wish to participate, we
allowed them to do so. This was not a problem we found during our study.
For the focus group, we had 4 participants who were willing to take 30 minutes out of
their day to meet with us to conduct the study. We conducted the focus group in the
Undergraduate Library in the study area. We provided consent forms (see Appendix A) at the
beginning of the session. Since the focus group was going to be voice recorded, we needed
consent from the participants to okay this practice. The consent form reassured the participants
that their information would remain anonymous and confidential. As the moderators to the study,
we affirmed our participants that we would be only asking the questions and voice recording the
responses for the data analysis. We came up with a set of open-ended questions (see Appendix
C) for the participants to discuss within the group. The focus group was conducted in 30 minutes
and there was no conflict within the group. Everyone was willing to participate. The focus group
was very casual and comfortable. We ended our focus group with the debriefing form (see
Appendix B). The form reinstated what the focus group was about, the participants personal
information was to remain private, and if the participants were interested in the results from the
study, ways for them to contact us for the results. Once the focus group was completed, one of
the researchers took the voice recording and transcribed the audio into a text format (see
Appendix D).
We had no problems with our focus group. However, if problems were to arise, we were
ready and prepared to handle them. For example, we planned that if one of our participants did
not show, we would have then asked a Wayne State University student at the Undergraduate
Library that day if they would take time to participate in our focus group. If that did not work,
we would have offered a small incentive such as buying them a cup of coffee to try and convince
them to partake in the focus group.
Operationalization and Materials
As a group, we came up with a set of 15 survey questions in regards to general
background information, music listening preferences, and their enjoyment of listening to each.
The first 6 questions asked for personal information such as their gender, age, nationality, year in
school, whether they were full-time or part-time, and their major. This was just to ensure our
sampling pool were current Wayne State University undergraduate students. The remaining
questions were directed towards the variables in which our study was on. Following the survey
form (see Appendix C), we used question 14 to determine which category they would fall in for
IV1, music streaming or downloading music. Next, we used questions 10 and 11 to determine the
frequency of how often they stream or download music, which were IV2A and IV2B. Finally, to
gather results for our DV of enjoyment or mood, we used question 12 to gather the results.
The first independent variable was the type of music listening. It was the first measured
variable at the nominal level of measurement. It had 2 categorical values of downloading and
streaming music. The variable was at this level because it refers to a type of music source. The
variable was measured by asking the following question: Are you more likely to listen to
streamed music or downloaded music? The descriptive statistics for the variable were as follows:
Streamed: mode= 1, frequency= 22, percentage= 44% and Downloaded: mode= 2, frequency=
28, percentage= 56%.
The second independent variable was split into two sub-variables A and B. Variable A
was the frequency of music streamed and variable B was the frequency of music downloaded. It
was the second measured variable and was done at the interval level of measurement. The
variable was at this level because it was measured based on specific numerical values to identify
the studys participants highest and lowest music streaming or downloading frequencies. It was
measured by asking the following questions: How often do you download or stream music? The
response was then answered on a scale ranging from 0 being the lowest to 15+ being the highest.
The descriptive statistics for the sub-variables were as followed: IV2A: m= 9.22, sd= 5.45, and
mdn= 3. IV2B: m=7.90, sd= 5.13, and mdn= 10.
The only dependent variable was how music affected the participants mood. The third
measured variable will be done at the interval level of measurement. The variable was at this
level because it was measured based on specific numerical values to identify the participants
mood levels using the Likert-Type Scale. It was measured by asking the following question:
What is your mood like, is it typically positive or negative? The response will be on a 1 to 10
scale. The endpoints of the scale were low enjoyment and high enjoyment. The descriptive
statistics for the dependent variable is as follows: m= 3.40, sd= 1.31, and mdn= 3.
For the above examples, the notations are as follows: m= mean, sd= standard deviation,
mdn= median.
Results
Hypotheses
The first hypothesis predicted people who listen to streamed music would have a
different mood after listening to music than people who listen to downloaded music. The results
of the survey questionnaire t test showed that students who preferred streaming music (M= 3.91,
SD= 1.23) had a different mood than those who preferred to listen to downloaded music (M=
3.00, SD= 1.25), and the difference was statistically significant t(50) = 2.57, p< .05, two-tailed.
Thus, the hypothesis was supported.
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The second hypothesis proposed the frequency of streamed and downloaded music would
have a relationship with mood. The Pearson correlation for frequency of streamed music, was
r(50) = .000, p< .05, non-directional. Thus, the frequency of streamed music was supported. The
Pearson correlation for frequency of downloaded music, was r(50) = .056, p> .05, nondirectional. Yet, the frequency of downloaded music was not supported.
For the above examples, the notations are as follows: M = mean, SD = standard
deviation, t(df) = value of t statistic with the degrees of freedom (df) in the parenthesis, r(df) =
value of r Pearson correlation coefficient with the degrees of freedom (df) in the parenthesis, and
p = probability value.
Research Question
The research question we were interested in answering for this project was; are
individuals moods affected when they stream music more frequently than download music?
This research question was answered through a transcript through our focus group and the data
analysis of the questionnaire. A number of themes were apparent after extensive review of the
data analysis of the focus group. Some background of our focus group participants is as follows:
Participant A was a 35 year old female senior, Participant B was a 27 year old male junior,
Participant C was a 21 year old female junior, and Participant D was a 22 year old female senior.
The first theme prevalent throughout the focus group was that most participants were
likely users of streaming music services. All participants did use services such as Pandora or
iHeart Radio at some point in their lives. These services were used at least five times a month by
most of the participants. When asked if they prefer music streaming or downloading music, one
participant responded, I hate commercials so I hardly listen to the radio and I subscribe to
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Pandora One just so there are no commercial interruptions while I listen to music, Most people
aside from one agreed that they preferred music streaming to downloading.
The second theme prevalent throughout the focus group was that all users were avid
music listeners and had a higher elevated mood when listening to music they preferred. All of the
participants listened to music on a daily basis, whether it is music streaming or downloading
services used. All participants agreed that their mood was higher as well. One participant said,
My mood depends on my music choice. I stream music so I have more of a choice because
when you listen to music you download, you hear the same song over and over again.
The final theme prevalent throughout the transcript of the focus group was that all
participants agreed any commercial interruption lowered their mood when they listened to music
via streaming or downloading. Even though we werent exactly testing commercial interruption
and mood, this was a response we kept hearing from everyone throughout the focus group.
Through analysis of all themes present, we were able to answer the research question. We
determined an individuals mood is affected when they streamed music more than downloaded
music.
Discussion
References
Ferguson, D., Greer, C., & Reardon, M. (n.d.). Uses and Gratifications of MP3 Players by
College Students: Are iPods More Popular than Radio? Journal of Radio Studies, 102121.
Whittle, B. C. (2009). College Students Uses and Gratifications of New Media for Music
Listening (Doctoral dissertation, Department of Communication Arts of the College of
Arts December 2014 Benjamin Chad Whittle BFA, Valdosta State University).
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13
Tables
Table 1
Hypothesis 1: People who listen to streamed music would have a different mood after listening to
music than people who listen to downloaded music.
Are individuals moods affected when they
Types of Music Listening
stream music more frequently than download

music?
Streamed
Music
M
SD
n
3.91
1.23
Downloaded Music
3.00
1.25
22
Note: The difference was significantly different p< .05, two-tailed.
28
14
Table 2
Hypothesis 2: The frequency of streamed and downloaded music will have a relationship with
mood.
Are individuals moods affected
How many times individuals stream or download music per
when they stream music more
month
frequently than download music?
9.22
Streamed
Downloaded
7.90
SD
5.45
5.13
22
28
Note: The frequency of streamed music, was r(50) = .000, p< .05, non-directional. Thus, the
frequency of streamed music was supported.
Note: frequency of downloaded music, was r(50) = .056, p> .05, non-directional. Yet, the
frequency of downloaded music was not supported.
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Appendix A
COM 4210: Communication Research Methods
Class Project
Forms of Music Listening Study
Consent Form:
Survey
This is a research study conducted to fulfill the requirements of a research methods
course in the Department of Communication at Wayne State University. The study is concerned
with determining how WSU student consume music. Using a survey questionnaire we may ask
you questions in several formats, including numerical scale questions and open-ended questions.
Although we would like you to answer all the questions that are posed, you have the right
to skip questions you do not want to answer. You also have the right to withdraw at any point
during the study session.
Your responses will be completely anonymous, and will be held completely confidential
in case there is any identify information. Please do not write your name or provide any other
identifying information during any part of the study. The questionnaires and the data from the
study will be shared with only the instructor of the course and nobody else. The study data will
be kept at least one month after period; all questionnaires and data will be destroyed. Please note
that this consent form will be kept separate from the survey questionnaire and all study data.
The study should take about a minimum of five minutes to complete. Participation in this
study does not pose any risks for you. Although the outcome of this study may not directly
benefit you, the results will contribute to our knowledge of how people listen to music.
Wayne State University does not have any funds budgeted for compensation for injury,
damages, or other expenses. If you have any questions about this study, I will be happy to answer
then now. Or you may contact one of the study researchers: Tarik Mitchell at
el7831@wayne.edu, Emily Boultinghouse at emily.boultinghouse@wayne.edu or Kelly
Dobronski at kelly.dobronski@wayne.edu.
Please sign this consent form below. Thank you for your participation in this study.
By signing below, you indicate that you have read the above and give your consent to
participate in the study.
Signature ___________________________________
Name (Please print) ___________________________________
Date ___________________
16
COM 4210: Research Methods
Class Project
Emily Boultinghouse, Kelly Debronski and Tarik Mitchell Study
Consent Form:
Focus Group
This is a research study conducted to fulfill the requirements of a research methods course in the
Department of Communication at Wayne State University. The study is concerned with individuals
who are more likely to listen to streamed or downloaded music. In this study you will participate in a
focus group during which we will ask you open-ended interview-type questions and some
demographic questions.
Although we would like you to answer all the questions that are posed, you have the right to skip
questions you do not want to answer. You also have the right to withdraw at any point during the
study session.
We will audio record your answers during the focus group session. This audio recording will be
transcribed into a text file.
Your responses will be completely anonymous, and will be held completely confidential in case there
is any identifying information. Please do not write/speak your name or provide any other identifying
information during any part of the study. The audio recording, transcription, and any other data from
the study will be shared with only the instructor of the course and nobody else. All the information
will be kept at least one month after the end of the course for reference, but no one will be able to
identify you from your responses. After this period, all recordings, transcriptions, notes, and all other
data will be destroyed. Please note that this consent form will be kept separate from all study data.
The study should take about 30 minutes to complete. Participation in this study does not pose any
risks for you. Although the outcome of this study may not directly benefit you, the results will
contribute to our knowledge of how individuals listen to variations of streamed or downloaded
music.
Wayne State University does not have any funds budgeted for compensation for injury, damages, or
other expenses. If you have any questions about this study, I will be happy to answer them now. Or
you may contact EmilyBoultinghouse at emily.boultinghouse@wayne.edu, Kelly Debronski at
kelly.debronski@wayne.edu or Tarik Mitchell at Tarik.mitchell@wayne.edu .
Please sign this consent form below. Thank you for your participation in this study.
By signing below, you indicate that you have read the above and give your consent to participate in
the study.
Signature____________________________________ Date__________________
Name (please print)____________________________
17
Appendix B
Class Project
Emily Boultinghouse, Kelly Dobronski and Tarik Mitchell Study
Debriefing:
Survey
This study looked at the investigation of communication behavior as to whether or not people
prefer music streaming or downloading services.
We were specifically interested in music listening. We want to know the frequency of
streaming or downloading music and when you stream or download music, which ever you prefer,
affects your mood. Thus, we asked you questions about all these topics.
Using these variables, our hypotheses were undergraduates who listen to streamed music will
have a different mood after listening to music than people who listen to downloaded music. We also
hypothesized frequency of streamed or downloaded music will have a relationship with mood.
Since we are still collecting data from Wayne State University undergraduates like you, we
would highly appreciate if you did not discuss this study with anyone who may have not yet
participated in the study.
If you have any questions about the study, please email Emily Boultinghouse at
Emily.Boultinghouse@wayne.edu, Kelly Dobronski at Kelly.Dobronski@wayne.edu or
Tarik.Mitchell@wayne.edu.
Thank you for your participation.
18
Class Project
Emily Boultinghouse, Kelly Dobronski and Tarik Mitchell Study
Debriefing:
Focus Group
This study looked at the investigation of communication behavior as to whether or not people
prefer music streaming or downloading services.
We were specifically interested in music listening. We want to know the frequency of
streaming or downloading music and how it affects your mood. Thus, we asked you questions about
all these topics.
Using these variables we investigated the following research question: Are individuals moods
affected when they stream music more frequently than download music?
Since we are still collecting data from Wayne State University undergraduates like you, we
would highly appreciate if you did not discuss this study with anyone who may have not yet
participated in the study.
If you have any questions about the study, please email Emily Boultinghouse at
Emily.Boultinghouse@wayne.edu, Kelly Dobronski at Kelly.Dobronski@wayne.edu or
Tarik.Mitchell@wayne.edu.
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Appendix C
COM 4210: Communication Research Methods
Class Project
In the following questionnaire, you will respond to a set of question about forms of music
listening. The questions may be in several formats, including numerical scale and open-ended.
Please follow the instructions carefully before you answer the questions. Your honest and
truthful answers are important to us. Please remember that your response are anonymous and
will be held completely confidential.
The study should take about a minimum of five minutes to complete. Thank you for your
participation.
INSTRUCTIONS:
To help us properly contextualize the results of this survey, we would like to ask you some
background information about yourself. To answer each question, please fill in the corresponding
square with a check (P) or (X) where applicable.
(1) What is your gender?
Male
Female
(2) What is your age? _______ years old

(3) What is the race or ethnic background that you identify with? (Please choose one)
White, Non-Hispanic
Asian or Pacific Islander
Black/African American
American Indian or Alaskan Native
Hispanic
Other _________________________
(4) What is your year in school (Please choose one)

First Year
Senior
Sophomore
Other _________________________
20
Junior
(5) What is your major? __________________________
(6) Are you a full-time or part-time student? (Please choose one)
Full-Time
Part-Time
(7) Do you listen to the radio?

Yes
No
(8) Do you listen to streamed music?

Yes
No
(9) Do you listen to downloaded music?

Yes
No
INSTRUCTIONS:
To answer these set of question, please circle your answer.
(10)
How many times per month do you download music?

1
(11)
10
11
12
13
14
15+
11
12
13
14
15+
How many times per month do you stream music?

1
(12)
10
How much do you enjoy listening to streamed music versus downloaded music
Low
enjoyment
High
enjoyment
(13) How likely are you to consume music through downloading from marketplaces such
iTunes, Google Play, Amazon, etc.?
Very unlikely
Very likely
(14) With 1 being the least important and 3 being the most important, rank streamed,
downloaded, and radio in music how you prefer to listen to music?
Streamed music
Downloaded music
Radio
(15) On a 1 to 5 scale, how much would you consider listening to streamed music over
downloaded music?
Very unlikely to consider
Very likely to consider
21
22
Com 4210: Communication Research Methods
Class Project
(Focus Group)
In the following questionnaire, you will respond to a set of questions about variations of music
listening. The questions will be open-ended.
Please follow the instructions carefully. Your honest and truthful answers are important to us.
Please remember that your responses are anonymous and will be held completely confidential.
The survey should take no longer than five to eight minutes to complete.
INSTRUCTIONS:
Please answer to the best of your ability. Once again, your honesty is appreciated.
1. What are some important factors when choosing how you listen music? Whether you stream or
download music. How do it affect your mood?
2.
If you can stream music for free, then why would you want to download music?
3.
If you download music, what sites do you use and how often do you use them?
4.
If you stream music, what sites do you use and how often do you use them? (ex: Pandora, iHeart
Radio, YouTube)
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Appendix D
Focus Group Transcript
Emily: Thank you all for coming here today to participate in our focus group. We are going to go
over the consent form now orally for the focus group. This is a research study conducted to fulfill
the requirements of a research methods course in the Department of Communication at Wayne
State University. The study is concerned with individuals who are more likely to listen to
streamed or downloaded music. In this study, you will participate in a focus group during which
we will ask you open-ended interview-type questions and some demographic questions.
Kelly: Although we would like you to answer all the questions that are posed, you have the right
to skip questions you do not want to answer. You also have the right to withdraw at any point
during the study session. We will audio record your answers during the focus group session. This
audio recording will be transcribed into a text file.
Tarik: Your responses will be completely anonymous, and will be held completely confidential
in case there is any identifying information. Please do not write/ speak your name or provide any
other identifying information during any part of the study. The audio recording, transcription,
and any other data from the study will be shared with only the instructor of the course for
reference, but no one will be able to identify you from your responses. After this period, all
recordings, transcriptions, notes, and all other data will be destroyed. Please note that this
consent form will be kept separate from all study data.
Emily: Is everyone okay and understands what the consent form is saying?
All participants: Yes.
Kelly: Okay. Lets begin. First, I would like to start out with the first question. What are some
important factors when choosing how you listen to music? Whether you stream or download
music. How does it affect your mood?
Participant A: Well, for me, there are numerous factors I use in how I choose to listen to music.
The likeability of the song, the artists being played, and commercial interruptions are a big
factor. I like listening to music with the least amount of commercial interruption.
Participant B: I agree with (Participant A). I hate commercials so I hardly listen to radio and I
subscribe to Pandora One just so there are no commercial interruptions while I listen to music. I
listen to music based on my personal preferences.
Participant C: My mood depends on my music choice. I stream my music so I can have more of a
choice because when you listen to music you download, you hear the same song over and over
again.
Participant D: For me, it depends on what type of music I want to listen to and what songs I
already have downloaded.
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Emily: All of your responses are very interesting. How would you say it affects your mood then?
Participant A: I hate commercials so when those come on, my mood goes down. Otherwise, I am
happy while listening to music I like.
Participant B: I am not a fan of commercials either, so my mood goes down. When I listen to
music I like, my mood is more elevated.
Participant C: My mood is a happy one when I listen to the music I like without having to hear
the same song on repeat.
Participant D: My mood is happy and elevated when I listen to music I like.
Tarik: Very well. We will continue with the next question. If you can stream music for free, then
why would you want to download music?
Participant A: Downloaded music is good for making music playlists on an iPod, making CDs,
and long road trips where Wi-Fi can disconnect in dead zones.
Participant B: I love certain artists and to show support of them, I will buy their album that
comes out or certain songs they sell on iTunes so I can always have them.
Participant C: I only download music if I want to be able to listen to the song whenever I want
and not use my phones data.
Participant D: Downloaded music is more convenient to use and doesnt use Wi-Fi. I listen to it
while driving to school and while studying.
Emily: All right. The next question is, if you download music, what sites do you use and how
often do you use them?
Participant A: I use Music Paradise Pro, a phone app that lets you download music for free to
your phone. I also use iTunes on occasion. I use Music Paradise Pro more often than iTunes. I
use Music Paradise Pro about 5 times a month to download a bunch of songs and iTunes maybe
once a month when a new song comes out.
Participant B: I use iTunes but rarely.
Participant C: Same. I use iTunes when I download music but I hardly use it.
Participant D: I use a free website on Google (fivo.com). I guess I would say I use it about five
times a month.
Kelly: All right. I have never heard of fivo.com so I will check that out! For our last question, I
am asking if you stream music, what sites do you use and how often do you use them? These can
include Pandora, iHeart Radio, YouTube, and so on.
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Participant A: I use Pandora One a lot. I would say I use it fifteen to twenty times a month. I also
use YouTube, but only a couple times a month.
Participant B: I listen to iHeart Radio a few times a month when I am bored. I listen to YouTube
almost every day and Pandora about twenty times a month.
Participant C: I listen to Pandora about once or twice a week. I listen to YouTube daily. I would
say I use YouTube two to three times a day.
Participant D: I use Pandora and YouTube. I dont use them as often as my downloaded music
from iTunes. I like to listen to Pandora when I workout. I would say for streamed music, I listen
to it ten times a month on average.
Tarik: All right everyone. Thank you for your time. All of your responses are very beneficial to
our research study. We appreciate you for answering these open-ended questions as best as you
could and for once again, taking time out of your day to meet with us.
Emily: I am going to go over the debriefing survey at this time. This study looked at the
investigation of communication behavior as to whether or not people prefer music streaming or
downloading services. We were specifically interested in music listening. We want to know the
frequency of streaming or downloading music and when you stream or download music,
whichever you prefer, affects your mood. Thus, we asked you questions about all these topics.
Kelly: Using these variables, our hypotheses were undergraduates who listen to streamed music
would have a different mood after listening to music than people who listen to downloaded
music. We also hypothesized a frequency of streamed or downloaded music will have a
relationship with mood. Since we are still collecting data from Wayne State University
undergraduates like you, we would highly appreciate if you didnt discuss this study with anyone
who may have not yet participated in the study.
Tarik: If you have any questions about the study, please email Emily, Kelly, or myself with any
questions or concerns you may have.
Emily: Thank you all again. Enjoy the rest of your afternoon.

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Final Research Paper

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Influences of streaming or downloading music and the effect it has on an individuals mood.

Types of Music Listening

stream music more frequently than download

Note: The difference was significantly different p< .05, two-tailed.

How many times individuals stream or download music per

when they stream music more

frequently than download music?

(2) What is your age? _______ years old

Asian or Pacific Islander

American Indian or Alaskan Native

(4) What is your year in school (Please choose one)

(7) Do you listen to the radio?

(8) Do you listen to streamed music?

(9) Do you listen to downloaded music?

How many times per month do you download music?

How many times per month do you stream music?

Very likely to consider

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